Eutrophication and the Classification of Lake

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AQUATIC BIOLOGY

EUTROPHICATION AND THE CLASSIFICATION OF LAKE

This Essay Was Made To Fulfill The Aquatic Biology Task

By :

Muhammad Anand Ardhiansyah 10317244003

International Biology Education

BIOLOGY EDUCATION DEPARTEMENT

MATHEMATIC AND SCIENCE FACULTY

YOGYAKARTA STATE UNIVERSITY

2012


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EUTROPHICATION AND THE CLASSIFICATION OF LAKE

By : Muhammad Anand Ardhiansyah

This essay concern to tropic classification of lake and the cause, effect,

prevent the eutrophication. Based on the tropic status (total mass of algae in a lake),

lake divided in five categories. There are oligotrophiclakes, mesotrophiclakes,

eutrophiclakes, hypereutrophiclakes.

Oligotrophiclakes commonly called less food and its a deep water. This

lake contain very low concentrations of nutrient that require for plant growth. The

hipoliminion is bigger than epilimnion and have low productivity (Odum. 1993).

These lakes have low alga production, have very clear waters and high drinking

water quality. The bottom of this lake have a lot of oxygen, so this lake support

many fish species.

Mesotrophic lakes are lakes with an intermediate level of productivity,

greater than oligotrophic lakes, but less than eutrophic lakes. The concentration of

chlorophyll-a is greater, so it will increased alga biomass. These lake are commonly

clear water lakes with beds of submerged aquatic plant and medium level ofnutrient.

Eutrophiclakes are reverse to oligotrophic lakes, eutrophic commonly

called rich of food(Odum. 1993) . These lakes has high biological productivity

because excessive nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus. These lake are

able to support an abudance of aquatic plants or algae. When aquatic plants

dominate the water tends to be clear. When algae dominates the water tends to

darker. The process of eutrophication can occur naturally and by human activity.

Hypereutrophiclakes are very rich with nutrient because the nuisance alga

bloom and low transparency. These lakes contain high of phosphorous and

chlorophyll-a. Hypereutrophic lakes are the most biologically productive lakes, and

support large amounts of plants, fish and other animals.

Eutrophication now became a major problem to fresh water biodiversity.

Natural eutrophication is the process by which lakes gradually age and become

more productive. It occurs due to algae taking a lot of nutrient, mainly phosphorus


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Picture 3. Show The Extreme Eutrophication

When excess nutrient enter in to ecosystem, the primary producers will get a

lot of benefits. Algae will experience a massive increase in population, and it will

be alga bloom. Alga bloom resemble a large green mat of sludge that has been

draped over the surface of water. These alga blooms are dangerous trait to the

marine ecosystem because they will limit the sunlight that reaches bottom that

organism live. Plants at the bottom of aquatic environment will not receive sunlight

they require for photosynthesis to produce the nutrient that require the plant and nor

produce oxygen that require the organism live. In eutrophic conditions the oxygen

levels in the ecosystem rapidly ate up after the bottom plant have dead.

Microorganism then feed on the dead plant and excess algae, using more oxygen,

while no one is being produced.Some alga blooms created by eutrophication are toxic to plants and animals.

These blooms can affect the food chain through primary producers, it will harm

livestock and humans. Marine mortality has been observed due to toxic alga blooms

with the presence of neurotoxin and hepatoxin in livestock.

Eutrophication is a process that hard to reverse, as excess phosphorus that

leeched into the watershed settles to the bottom oa an aquatic environment. The

eutrophic lakes commonly affected since they are major centers of human activity.


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Different sources including farmers, detergent, and waste management companies

have been decided as the source of excess phosphorous.

I have six ideas to solve this eutrophic problem. The first way is fertilization

balance, for nitrogen and phosphorus, e.g. ad equation of nutrients supply to the

needs of the crop with reasonable expected yields, taking into account soil and

atmospheric N supply. The second way is unfertilized grass buffer strips (or broad

hedges) along watercourses and ditches. The third way is Precise irrigation

management (e.g. drip irrigation, fertilization, soil moisture control). The 4th way is

reduction in the use of chemicals based on nitrogen and phosphorus (for example

fertilizers, or P-builders in washing powders). The 5th way is advanced treatments of

wastewaters before their discharge into the environment. The 6th way is educate the

youth in aspect of biodiversity, because the youth are the ones who will carry on the

research and provide the knowledge for future generations.

REFFERENCE


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Boualam, Marc and Laura Volterra. 2002. Eutrophication and health.

Luxembourgh : World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

Maloney, Brent. 2005.Marine Biodiversity : Protist and Eutrophication. Moncton:

Bernice MacNaughton Highschool

Odum, Eugene. 1993.Fundamentals Of Ecology 3rd Edition. Athens : University of

Georgia.

http://environment.alberta.ca/01715.html. Accesed March 29th 2012 at 20:30

http://www.mlswa.org/lkclassif1.htm. Accesed March 29th 2012 at 21:00

http://www.envirocentre.ie/includes/documents/Standards03_SI258_Lakriver%20stds.pdf. Accesed March 29th 2012 at 21:150
http://environment.alberta.ca/01715.htmlhttp://www.mlswa.org/lkclassif1.htmhttp://www.envirocentre.ie/includes/documents/Standards03_SI258_Lakriver%20stds.pdfhttp://www.envirocentre.ie/includes/documents/Standards03_SI258_Lakriver%20stds.pdfhttp://environment.alberta.ca/01715.htmlhttp://www.mlswa.org/lkclassif1.htmhttp://www.envirocentre.ie/includes/documents/Standards03_SI258_Lakriver%20stds.pdfhttp://www.envirocentre.ie/includes/documents/Standards03_SI258_Lakriver%20stds.pdf

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