Europeans wanted to explore for: Glory God Gold Glory Exploration led to fame for the explorers and...
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![Page 1: Europeans wanted to explore for: Glory God Gold Glory Exploration led to fame for the explorers and their sponsor country Demand for new land and glory.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/5697bfc41a28abf838ca5eda/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Age of Explorati
on
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Europeans wanted to explore for:
GloryGodGold
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Glory
• Exploration led to fame for the explorers and their sponsor country
• Demand for new land and glory led to competition between countries
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God• European Christians wanted to stop the spread of Islam
and convert non-Christians to their faith• Europeans were encouraged to spread Christianity or
bring missionaries who would focus on it
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Gold
• $$$ Money $$$• The Crusades and Renaissance stimulated
European desires for exotic Asian luxury goods
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The Problem:• Trade was controlled predominantly by the Ottoman
Empire (Muslim Turks/Arabs) and the Italians because of their great location on the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Asia
• This caused goods to be very expensive
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The solution:
Europeans search for direct trade routes to the East
Spain: Plan to
sail west across
Atlantic ocean
Portugal: Plan
to sail around
Africa to India
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New Technology in Navigation
Magnetic compass made sailing more accurate
Astrolabe used stars to show direction
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New Technology in Navigation (cont’d)
Cartographers made maps more accurately and used longitude & latitude
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The caravel was a strong ship that could travel in the open seas & in shallow water
A moveable rudder made the caravel
more maneuverable
Cannons & rifles
gave ships protection
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Europeans conquer Latin America
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• Europeans take over the Americas and conquer the natives– Aztecs: conquered by Cortes– Incas: conquered by Pizzaro
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Three main reasons for European success in conquest:
• Technology- (guns, cannons, metal armor)
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• Disease (smallpox, measles, influenza)
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• Legend of Quetzalcoatl (pale skinned bearded God who promised to return from the East to the Aztecs)
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• Montezuma: Aztec Emperor who thought Cortez was Quetzalcoatl and paid him tribute.
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Effects:
• Spain becomes wealthy and powerful
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• Smallpox kills huge numbers of natives
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• The land is split into two provinces:• New Spain (Mexico)• Peru
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Life in Latin America• Ruling: – A Viceroy, or representative of the
king, rules very harshly over the new territories
• Main product– Sugar cane
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Encomienda system
• Spanish settlers are given land and natives
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• Spanish have two duties to natives:• Care for them• Christianize them
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Result:
• Natives are actually treated like slaves by their owners
• Labor shortage• Natives died of disease or mistreatment• Natives ran away
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Solution:• Import new slaves from Africa
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Cultural Diffusion
• Spanish• Learn Native culture and food (corn,
tortilla)
• Introduce Christianity and horses
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• Africans– Introduce rice, beans and spices
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Social structure in Latin AmericaPeninsula
rSpanish
born settlerCreoles
Spanish parents; born in AmericasMestizos
part Spanish, part Native
Mulattoes part Spanish, part African
Africans, Natives
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European and American Ties
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• Columbian Exchange– Exchange of plants, animals, technology, and
disease between Europe and the Americas
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• To America: grains, livestock, disease• From America: sugar cane, tomato, corn, potato,
tobacco, chocolate
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Effect
–Many migrate to Americas– European, African, Native cultures all
become part of Latin America
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Ties to Europe
• Mercantilism: System where colonies in
America give raw materials to the mother
country to be made into goods then resold
back to the colonies
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Negative Effects
– Price for goods was extremely high
– Colonies can’t develop industry
– Constant dependence on Mother
Country
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• In the 1500’s slaves are needed to replace the Natives in America who have died or ran away
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Atlantic Slave Trade
• Phase 1–1500-1750–Slave raiding (2-3 Africans capture another 3-5 Africans and sell them to the Middle East and Asia)
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Phase 2• 1750-
1900• Whole
tribes are given guns and money to capture other tribes to be shipped to the Americas
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Negative effects
• Whole tribes and their cultures are lost• The strong were captured first—Society
suffers
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Agenda:• Please take out your vocabulary so that I may
check it• Fill in your BINGO board with the vocab
words (MIX THEM UP!!!)• BINGO!
• Note: – Test Corrections are due TOMORROW– I will grade your essays this weekend
–DO NOT WEAR A SKIRT OR DRESS TOMORROW!!!
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Destinations of Slaves Brought to the Americas
OtherEurope/Atlanticislands
North America
Spanish America
Caribbean
Brazil
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Volu
me
Year
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Top Ten Reasons Slaves Died on the Middle Passage
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1. Length of the Trip
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2. Waiting on the Ships
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3. Waiting in African Forts
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4. Rebellions
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5. Suicide
6. Murder
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7. Disease8. Trauma9. Packing
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