Europeans embark on a new phase of empire building that affects both Africa and the rest of the...
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![Page 1: Europeans embark on a new phase of empire building that affects both Africa and the rest of the world.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649f385503460f94c554f6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Europeans embark on a new phase of empire building that
affects both Africa and the rest of the world
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Extending InfluenceEuropeans want to control all aspects of
their colonies Influence political, social lives of people Shape economies to benefit Europe Want people to adopt European customs
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Forms of ControlEuropeans develop four forms of control of
territory: Colony – governed by a foreign power Protectorate – governs itself, but under outside
control Sphere of influence – outside power controls
investment, trading Economic imperialism – private business
interests assert control
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Methods of ManagementEuropeans use two methods to manage
colonies: Direct control Indirect control
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Indirect ControlLimited self-rule for local governmentsLegislative body includes colonial, local
officials Direct Control
Paternalism – Europeans provide for local people, but grant no rights
Assimilation – adaptation of local people to ruling culture
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A British ColonyBritain’s rule of Nigeria is a form of
imperialism common in Europe Controls economic and political life of the area
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Gaining ControlBritain conquers southern Nigeria using
both diplomacy and forceConquest of northern Nigeria through Royal
Niger Company In 1914, Britain claims all of Nigeria
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Managing the ColonyNigeria is culturally diverse area, with about
250 ethnic groupsBritish use indirect rule successfully with
Hausa-FulaniYoruba and Igbo chiefs resent limits on their
power
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Africans Confront ImperialismBroad resistance to imperialism, but
Europeans have superior weapons
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Unsuccessful MovementsAlgeria actively resists French for almost 50
yearsSamori Toure fights French in West Africa
for 16 years In German East Africa, people put faith in
spiritual defenseResults in about 75,000 deaths; famine kills
twice as many
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Ethiopia: A Successful MovementMenelik II, emperor of Ethiopia in 1889,
resists EuropeansPlays Europeans against each otherStockpiles arsenal of modern weaponsDefeats Italy, remains independent
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Negative EffectsAfricans lose land and independence, many
lose livesTraditional cultures break downDivision of Africa creates problems that
continue today
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Positive EffectsColonialism reduces local fightingSanitation improvesHospitals and schools createdTechnology brings economic growth
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Positive Results Negative Results
1. Unified national states created 1. Encouraged tribal wars by creating artificial borders
2. Improved medical care, sanitation, and nutrition
2. Created population explosion famine
3. Increased agricultural production 3. Produced cash crops needed by Europeans, and not food for Africans
4. Improved transportation and communication facilities
4. Exploited natural resources: minerals, lumber, rubber, human rights.
5. Expanded educational opportunities
5. Downgraded traditional African culture westernization