Europeans Claim Muslim Land Ottoman Empire Steady decline 300 yrs Weak Sultans Corruption Inflation...
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Transcript of Europeans Claim Muslim Land Ottoman Empire Steady decline 300 yrs Weak Sultans Corruption Inflation...
Europeans Claim Muslim Land
Ottoman Empire Steady decline 300 yrs Weak Sultans Corruption Inflation 1830’s – Greek Independent Serbia Balkans
Geopolitics Def – Taking land for strategic location Ex. – Russia – Crimea (access to Black
Sea) Ex. Oil in Persia, Arabian Peninsula
Crimean War (1854-1856) Britain and France joined Ottomans Russians Lose Ottomans still weak and losing land Russians aided Slavic people in
Independence
Great Game War Waged over India Britain and Russia Afghanistan – Center of Struggle 1881 – GB withdrew from Afg. 1921 – GB not beyond Khybar Pass Soviets – Nonaggression pact with Afg. 1979 – Soviets invaded Afg.
Egypt Muhammad Ali – Broke away from
Ottomans 1831 – Gained control of Syria and Arabia Reforms in military and economics Cash crop – Cotton Instead of food
crops
Suez Canal Isma’il – Construction of Connect Red Sea and Mediterranean Built w/ French $ Opened in 1869 – Still in debt Could not
pay British insist to take over canal 1882 – British Occupy Egypt
Persia Russia and GB compete for Persian ruler started to allow businesses to
buy right to operate in certain areas Ex. Anglo-Persian Oil Co. Rich oil Fields in
Persia Tobacco in Persia
1890 – Persian ruler sold concession to export tobacco
Tobacco Boycott – Unrest 1907 – Russia and GB took and divided into
Spheres of Influence
Imperialism Seizure of a country by a stronger country
--> Search for new raw materials, new markets, etc.
British In India
A Tamil tea picker on Ceylon (modern Sri Lanka), early 20th century. Tea pickers harvested the green tea leaves which were then fermented to produce black tea, the quintessential drink of the British Empire (which controlled Ceylon). The harvesting methods shown here are basically unchanged today.
British East India Company Ruled India Own Army – British and
Sepoys India – “Jewel in the crown”
Must produce raw materials Must buy British goods No Indian competition with
British goods Railroads helped Goods – Tea, indigo, coffee,
cotton, jute, opium
Impact on India (Bad) British held political and economic power British restricted Indian-owned industries Cash crop – Hurt self-sufficiency
Reduce food production Famine
Racism threatened way of life
Impact on India (Good) 3rd largest RR India =
modern economy Road network Telephone lines, dams,
bridges, etc. Sanitation and public
health Schools and colleges
Sepoy Mutiny 1857 – Indians rebel Cartridges with beef and
pork fat Hindus (cows sacred), Muslims (don’t eat pork)
Did not accept cartridges Put in jail rebelled marched to Delhi Captured city Spread
Took Brit E. Ind Co. 1 year to recover
Hindus and Muslims split Hindus preferred British rule to Muslim rule 1858 – British took direct control of India Raj – British Rule over India from 1757-
1947
Nationalism in India Ram Mohun Roy – Modern
thinker, wanted modernization Must change, or will always
be ruled Didn’t want 2nd class in own
country
Nationalist Groups Indian National Congress – 1885 Muslim League – 1906 Called for Self-government British divided Hindu and Muslim (Partition
of Bengal) Terrorism
Imperialism in SE Asia
This photo shows US troops guarding a group of captured Filipino insurgents in the early stages of the Philippine-American War of 1899-1913, in which over 4300 American soldiers, 16,000 Filipino soldiers, and between 250,000 and 1 million civilians died before the US crushed the insurgency and retained its colonial hold on the islands.
Russian engraving of a tattooed Polynesian warrior. Russia was one of the "Western" powers, along with Britain, the US and France, with interests in the Pacific, home of the Polynesian peoples.
The middle of the nineteenth century saw a tremendous boom in whaling as the industrialized world scoured the world for new energy sources, including oil processed from whales. This American whale chart, from about 1850, locates those places in the world's oceans where whales had been successfully hunted.
Dutch East India Company Control over
Indonesian Islands Expanded Made
Indonesia home
British Control Singapore – Malayan
Peninsula, Burma Encouraged Chinese to immigrate to Malaysia
French Indochina
Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia
Rice
Germans Marshall Islands, New Guinea, Solomon
Islands
United States Philippines Took from Spanish
Siam (Thailand) Remained
Independent – Neutral zone b/w French and British
Modernized itself Started schools,
reform legal system, built railroads, ended slavery