Luca MontanarellaEuropean CommissionJoint Research Centre

Institute for Environment and SustainabilityT.P. 280, 21020 Ispra (VA) ITALY

Fax: +39-0332-786394, E-mail: luca.montanarella@jrc.it

http://www.ei.jrc.it/sw/projects/ESB/

European Union Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection

History and future developments

Bruxelles, le 16.4.2002COM(2002) 179 final

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL, THEEUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND

THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS

Towards a Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection

http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/agriculture/soil_protection.htm

Council June 2002

EESC September 2002

CoR February 2003

EP May 2003

Opinions of EU Institutions

SOILFEATURES

SOIL POLICYREQUIRES…

SOIL IS A VARIABLEMEDIUM LOCAL

PERSPECTIVE

SOIL IS A NON-RENEWABLERESOURCE PREVENTION AND

PRECAUTION

SOIL IS A STORAGE/BUFFERMEDIUM ANTICIPATION

SOIL IS A SOURCE OFBIODIVERSITY PROTECTION

SOIL IS A SUBJECT OFPROPERTY

ENVIRONMENTALLIABILITY

Policy relevant features of soil

• Food and other biomass production

– Agriculture

• Storage, filtering, and transformation

– Drinking water

• Habitat and gene pool

– Nature protection

• Physical and cultural environment for mankind

– Archeology and cultural heritage

• Source of raw materials

– Peat, Sand, Clay,etc….

Main functions of soils

Threats to soil as identified in COM(2002) 179Threats to soil as identified in COM(2002) 179

• Erosion• Decline in organic matter • Soil contamination• Soil sealing• Soil compaction• Decline in soil biodiversity• Salinisation• Floods and landslides

Participatory approach

Soil mailbox: env-soil@cec.eu.int

Soil internet site: http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/

policies: Soil

Soil electronic library and discussion site: CIRCA (june 03)

Soil Policy Development Organisational Set-upSoil Policy Development Organisational Set-up

Advisory Forum Chair DG ENV

Stakeholders meetings

Chair DG ENV

TWG 1Monitoring

Chair Germany/JRCCo-chair UK

TWG 2Erosion

Chair Spain/BelgiumCo-chair EEB

TWG 3Organic matter

Chair FranceCo-chair IUSS/FEAD

TWG 4Contamination

Chair Austria/NLCo-chair EEA

ISWG = Interservice Working GroupTWG = Technical Working Group

Commission ISWG

Chair DG ENV

Technical co-ordination group and secretariat Chair DG ENV

TWG5Research

Chair W. Blum/ RTDCo-chair ELO

COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) No. 1782/2003 of 29 September 2003

The Future:Soil information in space and time

The Future:Soil information in space and time

Georeferenced Soil Database Soil Monitoring Network1:250,000 scale

European System of Soil Data

SPACE TIME

Monitoring changes in SOC

Soil

carb

on

Initialcultivation

∆C<0 ∆C≈ 0 ∆C>0

Effect onatmospheric

CO2

~

Managementchange

Agricultural land

Emission Sequestration

time

Natural land

increase decrease

%OC

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

1850

1870

1890

1910

1930

1950

1970

1990

FYM

FYM since 1885FYM since1968NPK

No fertilisers or manures

FYM applied at 35 t ha-1 yr-1 Goulding

Management/vegetation % C Old pasture (8-18cm) 1.5Old woodland (13-18cm) 2.4

Broadbalk, after 50 yearscontinuous wheat, 1893

No manure since 1839 (0-23cm) 0.9Complete minerals and 185kg (NH4)2SO4 most years since 1843

1.1

14 tons of farmyard manureannually since 1843 (0-23cm)

2.2

Monitoring SOM at Rothamsted

Declining soil organic matter

Soil inventories Soil monitoringNational soil surveys

SPACE TIME

ICP Forest Soil Monitoring NetworkICP Forest Soil Monitoring Network

Approximate 16 x 16 km grid samplingApproximate 16 x 16 km grid sampling

Forest FOCUS Regulation (EC) N° No 2152/2003Forest FOCUS Regulation (EC) N° No 2152/2003

Scientific Coordination by JRCScientific Coordination Body (SCB).

Planned activities for forest soils:Development of a draft Manual of Procedures for Soil Monitoring (2004).Testing of the procedures in selected pilot areas (2005).Reporting of the results of these tests, including final recommendations concerning future soil monitoring (2006).

Specifications of a European Community information and

monitoring system on soil threats

Specifications of a European Community information and

monitoring system on soil threats

• Inventory of existing systems (National and European)• Proposal for soil monitoring in Europe:

– Level I: Flexible grid at 16 x 16 km (1:1,000,000 scale) incorporating existing National and European systems

• Organic matter, Biodiversity, diffuse Contamination

– Level II: Stratified sub-sample of level I (10%) for benchmarking and intensive monitoring

• Physical degradation, Salinisation, local Contamination (hot spots)

– Level III: Specialized monitoring sites using advanced techniques (remote sensing, modeling, dedicated measurements)

• Erosion, Sealing, Hydro geological risks (floods, landslides)

Level I: Grid-based

Basic monitoring on a regular grid Decline organic matter, loss of soil biodiversity,diffuse soil contamination,

Under National responsibility . Use of the existing systems. Flexibility

QA/QC procedures: inter-laboratory calibration

Level ILevel I

16 x 16 km cell size21,760 cells

European Soil Monitoring NetworkLevel I simulation (extension of ICP forest)

Soil x Land-Cover Europe Grid-pointsBd x 31 4.9% 5.2%Lo x 21 3.8% 4.0%Be x 21 3.0% 3.2%Bk x 23 2.6% 2.8%… …

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

4,5

5

5,5

Europe

S.Q.M.N.

Soil2 x CLC2 Combinations

Rel

ativ

e fr

eque

ncy

Comparison of the frequencies of distributions

Soil x Corine Land Cover

Rela

tive

fre

quen

cies

All EuropeGrid-points

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

4,5

5

EUROP E

S Q MN

Soil2 x CLC2 combinations

Rel

ativ

e F

requ

ency

ComparisonStatistics for all EuropeStatistics for grid points

Soil

Land cover

Grid

Level II: Reference sites

Selection of sites by National and Europeaninstitutions (≈ 10%)Soil physical degradation, soil salinization, localsoil contamination (hot spots)Sampling at National level (delineation of risk)Analysis and archiving at European level withonly one laboratory and one common archivingInclude level I analysis (benchmarking)

Level IILevel II

PESERA modelPESERA modelNew approach of process-based erosion modeling at European scale

Sophisticated interaction daily rainfall – crop growth -erosion

Advantages:

~ Scenario analysis

~ Event-based simulation

Erosion t/ha/year

http://pesera.jrc.it/

Bendingearthwormchannels in theplaty structure

Soil Compaction

Thematic maps for zonation of European soils

Accumulation of Soluble salts of Na, Mg, Ca

Thematic maps for zonation of European soils

Salt affected soils in Europe

16 x16 km cell sizeLevel I = 21,760 cellsLevel II ≈ 2,000 cells

European Soil Monitoring NetworkLevel II simulation

Level III: Specialised sites

Small areas representative of climatic and landscape conditions (ex: catchments)Soil erosion, soil sealing, hydrological risksDedicated measurements (spatial process) Extrapolation by models (parameters in levels I and II, remote sensing…)

Level IIILevel III

Validation by sediment yield in selected river basins

Central Belgium (Verstraeten and Poesen, K.U.Leuven)

Czech Republic (Dostal et al., CVUT Prague)

Spain (Avendano Salas et al., Devente, Poesen

and Verstraeten)

Italy (Bazzoffi et al., ISSDS, Firenze)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

y = 0,4883x + 0,7188

R2 = 0,5445

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

0,00 1,00 2,00 3,00 4,00 5,00 6,00

Urban development of DublinResults from JRC project MOLAND

Urban development of DublinResults from JRC project MOLAND

Monitoring the state of terraces by high resolution satellite remote sensing

Soil degradation due to land abandonment

Architecture& Standards

Chair : JRC Ispra

Legal Aspects& Data Policy

Chair : UK

Funding & Implementation

structuresChair : SE

Common Reference Data & Metadata

Chair : ESTAT

ImpactAnalysisChair : NL

Environmental thematic

co-ordinationChair: EEA

Inter-sectoral co-ordinationChair: ESTAT

…..biodiversity

soilsseveso

urbannoise

forestwater

Environmental components

HorizontalComponents

Agricultural components

Transportcomponents

Other components

Technical Co-ordination & Secretariat JRC Ispra - Institute for Environment and Sustainability

COGIChair: ESTAT

INSPIRE Expert GroupChair : DG ENV & ESTAT

Phase 2: other sectors

Otherthematic

co-ordinationChair:

Transportthematic

co-ordinationChair:

Agriculturalthematic

co-ordinationChair:

Phase 1: Environmental Sector

INSPIRE

Thematic Components

INSPIRE ImplementatonINSPIRE Implementaton

http://eu-geoportal.jrc.it/

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BGR

INRA

SSLRC

CSIC

NJOS

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ALTERRA

CSES

EUROPEAN SOIL BUREAU NETWORK

Soil data

European Soil Database: WRB classification

http://eusoils.jrc.it

Scientific Committee of the European Soil Bureau

Dr. Jaume Boixadera;Dr. Dominique King; Dr. Arnold Bregt;Christine Le Bas; Joël Daroussin;Prof. Dr. Henrik B. Madsen; Prof.René Dudal;Prof. Donatello Magaldi; Dr. Wolf Eckelmann;Dr. Freddy Nachtergaele; Dr. Peter Finke;Prof. Arthur J. Thomasson; Dr.Reinhard Hartwich;Prof. Eric Van Ranst; Dr. Juan José Ibáñez-Martí;Prof. György Várallyay; Dr. Marcel Jamagne;Dr. Henk Wösten;Dr. Robert J.A. Jones; Prof. Nicholas Yassoglou.

Scientific contributors to the compilation of the Soil Map of the European Communities 1:1,000,000 (CEC, 1985) and the SoilGeographical Data Base of the European Communities 1:1,000,000 (version 1, 1986)

Belgium: J. Ameryckx, A. Louis, R. Maréchal, R. Tavernier; Denmark: K. Rasmussen; France: J. Dupuis, M. Jamagne, A. Mori, E.Servat; Germany: E. Mückenhausen; Greece: A. Koutalos, N. Yassoglou; Irish Republic: M. Gardiner, J. Lee; Italy: F. Mancini, R.Salandin; Luxembourg: A. Puraye, J. Wagener; Netherlands: H. De Bakker, J. Pons, J. Schelling, R. Van der Schans; Portugal: J.Carvalho Cardoso; Spain: A. Guerra, F. Monturiol; United Kingdom: B. Avery, R. Glentworth, R. Grant; FAO: R. Dudal; CEC: A.Cole, J. Gillot, A. Prendergast; Advisors: K. Beek, S. Lunt, G. Smith, C. Sys,; Computerisation: H.B. Madsen, A.M. Norr, S.W. Platou

Scientific contributors to the compilation of the Soil Geographical Data Base of Europe at Scale 1:1,000,000 (version 3.2, 1998)

Albania: P. Zdruli, K. Cara, Sh. Lushaj; Austria: O. Nestroy; Belgium, Luxembourg: E. Van Ranst, L. Vanmechelen, R. Vermeire;Bulgaria: I. Kolchakov, B. Georgiev, S. Russeva, D. Stoichev; Czech Republic: J. Nemecek, J. Kozak; Denmark: H.B. Madsen, M.Olsson, T. Balstrøm; Estonia: L. Reintam, I. Rooma; Finland: J. Sippola; France: M. Berland, M. Jamagne, D. King; Germany:;W.Eckelmann, R. Hartwich; Greece: N. Yassoglou; Hungary: G. Várallyay, E. Michéli; Irish Republic: S. Diamond; Italy: D. Magaldi,U. Galligani, U. Wolf; Latvia:;A. Karklins; Lithuania: V. Buivydaite; Netherlands: A. Bregt, P. Finke; Norway: A. Nyborg; Poland: S.Bialousz; Portugal: M. Bessa, L. Reis; Romania: C. Rauta, M. Zota, I. Munteanu; Russia: I. Savin; Slovakia: J. Hrasko, V. Linkes;Slovenia: B. Vrscaj; Spain: J. Boixadera, J.J. Ibáñez-Martí; Sweden: M. Olsson; Switzerland: L.F. Bonnard; United Kingdom: R.J.A.Jones, J. Hollis, A. Thomasson, J. Bell

General data base co-ordination and map publishing

INRA: J. Daroussin, M. Jamagne, D. King, C. Le Bas, V. Souchère; JRC: A. Burrill, J. Meyer-Roux, L. Montanarella, P. Vossen

CD ROM of the European Soil DatabaseCD ROM of the European Soil Database

Planned extension of the European Soil DatabasePlanned extension of the European Soil Database

http://nsidc.org/fgdc/maps/circumpolar.htmlNational Snow and Ice Data Center

http://www.fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/wrbmaps/htm/soilres.htm