European European NationalismNationalism

E.Q. 2: How did nationalism E.Q. 2: How did nationalism affect Europe?affect Europe?

Key Terms: German Key Terms: German Confederation, Otto von Confederation, Otto von Bismarck, Wilhelm I, Kaiser, Bismarck, Wilhelm I, Kaiser, Second Reich, Balkan Second Reich, Balkan nationalism, Young Turksnationalism, Young Turks

Nationalism—extreme pride in one’s Nationalism—extreme pride in one’s culture and ethnicityculture and ethnicity

Resulted in causing groups of similar Resulted in causing groups of similar races and ethnicities to push for races and ethnicities to push for political unification and the creation political unification and the creation of new countriesof new countries

Other areas were impacted by Other areas were impacted by violence and rebellionsviolence and rebellions

GermanyGermany

After Napoleon conquered most of After Napoleon conquered most of Europe, the German kingdoms making Europe, the German kingdoms making up the Holy Roman Empire were up the Holy Roman Empire were affected by a strong sense of affected by a strong sense of nationalismnationalism

After Napoleon was defeated, the After Napoleon was defeated, the German Confederation was created, German Confederation was created, composed of 38 kingdoms and provinces composed of 38 kingdoms and provinces with Austria and Prussia being the most with Austria and Prussia being the most powerfulpowerful

The push for uniting the German lands The push for uniting the German lands was led by Prussiawas led by Prussia

Otto von Bismarck, “the Iron Chancellor”, Otto von Bismarck, “the Iron Chancellor”, prime minister of Prussiaprime minister of Prussia

practiced realpolitik—goal to unify practiced realpolitik—goal to unify Germany under Prussia ruleGermany under Prussia rule

Bismarck started three wars to eliminate Bismarck started three wars to eliminate Austria from the German Confederation Austria from the German Confederation and to get the support of the other and to get the support of the other (smaller) kingdoms fearful of Prussian (smaller) kingdoms fearful of Prussian dominancedominance

Wars of German Wars of German UnificationUnification

The wars that Prussia fought were against The wars that Prussia fought were against Denmark, Austria, and FranceDenmark, Austria, and France

Each war helped to increase the sense of Each war helped to increase the sense of German pride and nationalismGerman pride and nationalism

The final war, the Franco-Prussian War The final war, the Franco-Prussian War 1870-1871, humiliated France1870-1871, humiliated France Had to pay reparationsHad to pay reparations Had to give up territory along the Had to give up territory along the

French/Prussian border, Alsace-LorraineFrench/Prussian border, Alsace-Lorraine France would be eager for revenge for many France would be eager for revenge for many

decadesdecades

Germany UnitedGermany United

The Franco-Prussian War also The Franco-Prussian War also succeeded in gaining the support of succeeded in gaining the support of all German peopleall German people

In 1871, Germany was united under In 1871, Germany was united under the rule of Prussian king who the rule of Prussian king who became Kaiser Wilhelm Ibecame Kaiser Wilhelm I

Kaiser=German for “emperor”Kaiser=German for “emperor”

The German Empire began The German Empire began increasing its industrial output, increasing its industrial output, esp. in weaponry and railroads, esp. in weaponry and railroads, emerging as a powerful nationemerging as a powerful nation

The Second Reich, Second German The Second Reich, Second German Empire, was established (First Empire, was established (First Reich was HRE)Reich was HRE)