European Imperialism in Asia: India, China, and Japan
description
Transcript of European Imperialism in Asia: India, China, and Japan
2012
EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM IN ASIA:
INDIA, CHINA, AND JAPAN
Describe the life of an African under European
rule. How were they treated? Etc.
QUIZ
Looking for faster shipping routes between E. Africa, Asia, and Europe
Cape of Good Hope trip too long Solution:
Suez Canal
History: Egypt’s leader Isma’il supported construction through Isthmus of Suez to connect RED SEA and MEDITERRANEAN SEA
French financed it Opened 1869 Cost of canal bankrupted Egypt
so Britain took control in 1882
ACCESS TO ASIA AND EAST AFRICA
SUEZ CANAL
India was Britain’s “Jewel in the Crown”
British interest in India began in the 1600s with the British East India company
As the Mogul Empire fell the British established more control
From 1757 to 1858 the British East India Company ruled India
BRITAIN AND INDIA
The company had its own army staffed by sepoys , or Indian soldiers
Issues?
BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY AND SEPOYS
The British valued India as a market for the finished products of the Industrial Revolution in the 1800s Restrictions to prevent Indian
economy from operating on own
Tea, indigo, coffee, cotton, and opium were important agricultural products Railroads linked towns and
mines/farms to ports to facilitate trade and the sale of goods to Indians
INDIA UNDER BRITISH CONTROL
Positives of Colonialism in India
Negatives of Colonialism in India
-Britain did not control religious or social customs to traditions were not lost-3rd largest railroad network built-modern economy developed-united different areas of India-modernization: roads, telephones, telegraphs, dams, bridges, schools, universities-increased literacy, sanitation, health
-Britain held political and economic control-Indian-owned industries were restricted so that Britain profit more-Dependency on cash crops reduced food production causing Indians to starve-Racism- The belief of one group that they are superior to other groups
UPSIDE OR DOWNSIDE?
Increased economic problems for Indians
Sepoys get word that gun cartridges they would get were greased with pork and beef fat. Soldiers had to bite off ends… Against Hindu religion and Islam
British East India Company jailed soldiers who wouldn’t accept cartridges Sepoys rebelled Captured many northern areas British gov’t troops sent
SEPOY MUTINY (INDIA)
Britain takes direct command of India in 1858 “It is this awareness of the natural
superiority of the European which has won for us India. However well educated and clever a native may be, and however brave he may prove himself, I believe that no rank we can bestow on him would cause him to be considered an equal of the British officer” –Lord Kitchener
Eventually movements for independence from Britain emerge Notable leaders: Mohandas Gandhi
Civil disobedience: disregard laws that you believe are unmoral and be prepared for jail but do not use violence inspires MLK Jr.
Freedom 1947
SEPOY MUTINY OUTCOME (INDIA)
“Complete civil disobedience is rebellion without the element of violence in it. An out and out civil resister simply ignores the authority of the state. He becomes an outlaw claiming to disregard every unmoral state law…In doing all this he never uses force and never resists force when it is used against him. In fact, he invites imprisonment and other uses of force.” -Mohandas Gandhi
According to the passage above, which is true of civil resisters?a. They uphold the authority of the state.b. They disregard laws they think are unfair.c. They try to avoid imprisonment.d. They use hate and violence to get what they
want.
GANDHI
French, Dutch, British, and eventually the USA will attempt to colonize Southeast Asia for resources and power
SOUTHEAST ASIA: IMPERIALISM
China proud of culture and could keep West out because they were self-sufficient
Little trade with WestWould only let
Westerners trade in Guangzhou meaning China exported more than they imported
Europeans were determined to find a product China wanted so they could get more resources out of them….
CHINA RESISTS OUTSIDE INFLUENCE
O WAR SIMULATION
Chinese doctors used it for pain for 100s of yearsBritish start smuggling in more for non-medicinal useBy 1835 12MILLION people were addicted
“By what right do the British merchants use the poisonous drug to injure the Chinese people? … I have heard that smoking opium is very strictly forbidden by your country; that is because the harm caused by opium is clearly understood. Since it is not permitted to do harm to your own country, then even less should you let it be passed on to the harm of other countries.” –Lin Zexu
OPIUM AND CHINA
1839 The Chinese go to war with Britain but ships are no match for steam-powered gunboats of British
1842- Treaty of Nanjing –peace treaty ending Opium War Gives Hong Kong to British Gives foreign citizens extraterritorial rights meaning
foreigners not subject to Chinese law in 5 port cities
OPIUM WAR
Internal Problems1. Famine: increased population,
decreased food supply… Some land used for opium
production instead of food2. Peasant unrest
Lead to……Taiping Rebellion: “Heavenly
Kingdom of Great Peace” Hong Xiuquan leads rebellion to
create utopian community by conquering southern provinces and Nanjing
Fails because of infighting and outside attacks
20 million die
CHINA’S OTHER PROBLEMS
Hong Xiuquan
Dowager Empress Cixi (tsoo-shee)Implements updates to education, diplomacy, military
Steam power, rifles, ammunition must industrialize to be successful
INDUSTRIALIZATION
Japan and Western powers take instability in China as chance to gain foothold
European spheres of influence
1899 USA declares Open Door Policy: proposes that China’s doors be open to merchants of all nations but cannot colonize
.Chinese nationalism rises
Send diplomats to tour world Come back with suggestions to
restructure government
OUTSIDE INFLUENCE IN CHINA
Managed to stay relatively isolated from the West until 1800s
West tries to convince them to open ports but Japan refuses
1853 US Commodore Matthew Perry took four huge black wooden steam-powered ships and anchored them in Tokyo Harbor Letter from Fillmore Promise 1854 Treaty of Kanagawa: opened
some ports to the west; extraterritorial rights
Japanese angry at shogun Emperor takes control 1867 Meiji
era Idea: Modernize or be invaded
Powerful military (Germany), navy (Britain), education (USA), industrialization (WEST)
JAPAN
Matsuhito
Aspect of society Changes and eventsPolitics -imperial rule reestablished
-Capital moved to Edo-Most power in executive branch (emperor, prime minister, cabinet)
Economics -Daimyo’s lands given to peasants-Many farmers, unable to pay new land tax are forced into tenancy-industrialization encouraged
Social Structure -new imperial army created-universal system of education developed-western practices adopted
ELEMENTS OF MEIJI RESTORATION
Japan’s strength increases so they need more resources
Japan attacks Korea forcing trade in 3 ports Makes China mad so both
agree hands-off 18851894 China breaks
agreement so Japan sends troops to fight Chinese in Korea Sino-Japanese War 1895 peace treaty
JAPANESE IMPERIALISM
Japan sets sights on Manchuria 1903 Japan tells Russia that they
will recognize Russia’s rights to Manchuria if they will stay out of Korea but Russia says no
1904 Japan launches surprise attack on Russian ships Russo-Japanese War T. Roosevelt brokers peace deal
and Japan controls Manchuria and Korea
JAPANESE IMPERIALISM