European Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Technology · PDF fileEuropean Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Technology...

POSTERS

European Hydrogen & Fuel CellTechnology Platform

Second Annual General Meeting

17-18 March 2005

European Commission,Charlemagne Building

This collection of posters was prepared for the second General Assembly of the European Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Platform, organised jointly by the European Commission and the secretariat

of the Technology Platform and held in Brussels on 17 and 18 March 2005.

This brochure presents representative examples of on-going national, international and, in particular,EU initiatives and projects related to hydrogen and fuel cell technologies.

Each poster contains the outline of the various projects, including objectives, the project approachand the deliverables provided to date. Some of the projects described have only just started.

More detailed information on the EU projects in the posters can be found at the following site:

http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/energy/pdf/h2fuell_cell_en.pdf

H2 production and delivery• Hydrogen rich gas from biomass (CHRISGAS)...............................................................................................................................................8

• Solar Steam Reforming of Methane Rich Gas for Synthesis Gas Production (SOLREF)................................................................................9

• Hydrogen THErmochemical Cycles (HYTHEC) ..............................................................................................................................................10

• Highly Efficient, High Temperature, Hydrogen Production by Water Electrolysis (Hi2H2) ...........................................................................11

• Hydrogen production from renewable resources (SOLAR-H) ......................................................................................................................12

• Investigating infrastructure requirements for H2 and natural gas mixes (NATURALHY) ............................................................................13

H2 storage• Hydrogen Storage Systems for Automotive Application (STORHY) ............................................................................................................ 14

H2 safety, regulations, codes & standards• Safety of Hydrogen as an Energy Carrier (HYSAFE) ................................................................................................................................... 15

H2 pathways• Elaborating a European Hydrogen Roadmap (HYWAYS) ............................................................................................................................ 16

• Innovative high temperature production routes for H2 production (INNOHYP-CA) ...................................................................................17

• Co-ordination Action to Establish a Hydrogen and Fuel Cell ERA-Net (HY-CO) ......................................................................................... 18

H2 end use• Clean Urban Transport for Europe (CUTE)....................................................................................................................................................19

• H2 FC fleet demonstration (ZERO REGIO) ..................................................................................................................................................20

• Optimization of the Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine (HYICE) .........................................................................................................21

• Effectiveness of demonstration initiatives (PREMIA)...................................................................................................................................22

• Hydrogen in maritime applications (NEW-H-SHIP) ..................................................................................................................................... 23

High Temperature Fuel Cells• Realizing Reliable, Durable, Energy Efficient and Cost Effective SOFC Systems (Real-SOFC) ................................................................... 24

• Biomass Fuel Cell Utility System (BIOCELLUS) ...........................................................................................................................................25

• SOFC fuelled by biomass gasification gas (GREEN-FUEL-CELL) .................................................................................................................26

Low Temperature Fuel Cells• Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies for Road Transport (HYTRAN) ........................................................................................................27

• Further Improvement and System Integration of High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (FURIM) .........................28

• Design and prototyping of intelligent DC/DC converter/ fuel cell hybrid power trains (INTELLICON) ...................................................... 29

• Integration of a PEM fuel cell with ultra-capacitors and with metal hydrates container for hydrogen storage (prototype) (DEMAG) ................30

• IMPRESS-ive Catalysts for Fuel Cells (IMPRESS) ........................................................................................................................................31

Portable applications• Compact direct (m)ethanol fuel cell for portable application (MOREPOWER) ...........................................................................................32

• New product = fuel cell + components + expert system/ Small vehicles (non automotive) (FEMAG) .....................................................33

General• Enlarging fuel cells and hydrogen research co-operation (ENFUGEN) .......................................................................................................34

• Sustainable Energy Systems (SES)

• Sustainable Surface Transport (SST)

• New and Emerging Science and Technology (NEST)

• Collective Research and Co-operative Research (CRAFT)

• Networking of national or regional programmes (ERA-NET)

• Nanotechnologies materials and processes (NMP)

National posters

Belgium: HYDROGEN IN BELGIUM ...........................................................................................................................................36

Finland: FINSOFC - THE FINNISH NATIONAL SOFC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM .......................................................................37

France: PACO FRENCH FUEL CELL RESEARCH AND INNOVATION NETWORK ...........................................................................38

Germany: FUEL CELL DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES IN GERMANY ..............................................................................................39

Germany: CLEAN ENERGY PARTNERSHIP (CEP) – STAYING MOBILE WITH HYDROGEN ......................................................... 40

Germany: PREPARED FOR THE FUTURE: FUEL CELL EDUCATION AND TRAINING CENTRE ULM, GERMANY ...........................41

Germany: THE FUEL CELL AND HYDROGEN NETWORK NORDRHEIN-WESTFALEN .................................................................. 42

The Netherlands: PEM POWERPLANT ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM WASTE HYDROGEN USING FUEL CELLS .................43

Norway: UTSIRA – DEMONSTRATION OF A HYDROGEN SOCIETY! ..........................................................................................44

Romania: DEVELOPING A HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELLS INTEGRATED R&D PLATFORM IN ROMANIA ....................................45

Swiss: SWITZERLAND - SOME NATIONAL HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELL PROJECTS ................................................................. 46

Austria: AUSTRIAN HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELL INITIATIVE ....................................................................................................47

SIXTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME

Växjö Värnamo Biomass Gasification Centre (VVBGC) has bought thewood-fuelled IGCC power plant in Värnamo, Sweden from its original

owner, Sydkraft AB.Prior to the plant being mothballed in 2000, the plant had accumula-ted 8 500 hours of gasification runs and 3 600 hours of operation as a fully integratedplant.VVBGC will operate the plant as a research facility, its first major project being theEU-sponsored Framework 6 Integrated Project “CHRISGAS”.

Main goals The primary objective of CHRISGAS is to demons-trate in the Värnamo plant the manufacture of ahydrogen-rich gas from biomass.

The objectives of the demonstration part of theproject are:• Conversion of several solid biofuels into a medium

calorific value gas by gasifi-cation at elevated pressureusing a steam and oxygen mixture• Cleaning of the gas from

particulates in a high temperature filter

• Purification of the gas by catalytic auto thermal

steam reforming to generate a raw synthesis gasconsisting mainlyof CO and H2

The objectives of the R&D part of the project are:• Studies of the conditioning of the hydrogen-rich

raw synthesis gas to the quality stipulated for synthesis gas suitable for manufacture of transport fuels

• Studies of the production of these transport fuels from various biofuels, at the scale and cost representative of typical biomass fuel chains in various regions in Europe

• Development of a solid biofuel feed system based on a piston feeder

Additional information:Title: Clean Hydrogen-rich Synthese GasAcronyme: ChrisgasProgramme: Sustainable Energy Systems (SES)Instrument: IP

Projected total cost (m€): 15.6

Maximum EC contribution (m€): 9.5Co-ordinator’s e-mail address: [email protected] web site – URL address: www.chrisgas.com

Partners:Växjo University, TPS Termiska Processer, Kungl TekniskaHögskolan, Pall Schumacher, Forschungszentrum Jülich, TK Energi, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas,Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, TU Delft, Valutec, Växjö Värnamo Biomass Gasification Centre, Università diBologna, S.E.P. Scandinavian Energy Project, KS DucenteLinde - Linde Engineering Division, Växjö Energi AB, Helector S.A. - Energy and Environmental Applications

Manufacture of a Clean Hydrogen-rich Gas through BiomassGasification and Hot Gas Upgrading

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SOLREF – Solar Steam Reforming

The main purpose of SOLREF is to develop and to operate an advan-ced 400 kWth solar reformer based on the experiences in the pre-vious project SOLASYS. The solar reformer can be applied for hydro-gen production or electricity generation. Depending on the feedsource for the reforming process CO2 emissions can be reducedsignificantly (up to 40% using NG) as the process heat needed for

this highly endothermic reaction is provided by concentrated solar radiation. The pre-design of a 1 MWth prototype plant in Southern Italy and a conceptual layout of thecommercial 50 MWth reforming plant complete this project.

Main goals• Develop an advanced 400 kWth solar

reformer.• Investigate various catalyst systems.• Simulate mass and heat transport and

reaction in porous absorber.• Perform thermodynamic and thermoche-

mical analyses to support the system design phase.

• Operate the reformer with gas mixtures which represent the variety of possible feedstock on the solar tower at WIS, Israel.

• Evaluate new operation strategies.• Pre-design of a 1 MWth prototype plant

in Southern Italy.• Conceptual layout of a commercial 50

MWth reforming plant.• Assess on potential markets including

cost estimation and environmental, socio-economic, and institutional impacts.

Project approach

Additional information:Title: Solar Steam Reforming of Methane Rich Gas for Synthesis Gas ProductionAcronym: SOLREFProgramme: Sustainable Energy Systems (SES)Instrument: STREP


Total support of the EC (m€): 2.1Co-ordinator’s e-mail address: [email protected] web site – URL address: http://www.solref.dlr.de/

Partners:• DLR-Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (D)• Center for Research and Technology - Hellas, Chemical

Process Engineering Research Institute (EL)• Weizmann Institute of Science (IL)• ETH-Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (CH)• Johnson Matthey Fuel Cell Ltd. (UK)• Hexion B.V. (NL)• SHP S.p.A. (I)• Region Basilicata (I)

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The search for a long term massive

hydrogen production routeMassive Hydrogen Production is a strong need, because there is an increasing energydemand (+20% by 2020, expected to double by 2030, could increase threefold by 2050),a deterioration of the fossil fuel reserves and an increasing CO2 concentration with a global warming. Regarding this background, the search for a sustainable long term massive hydrogen production route is of a major importance, which uses water as a raw

material. Only two processes are capable of using water as raw material to produce massive quantities of hydrogen:electrolysis and thermo-chemical cycles. The thermo-chemical cycles are processes where water is decomposed intohydrogen and oxygen via chemical reactions using intermediate elements which are recycled. HYTHEC addresses the Hydrogen production research strategy - potential of “thermolysis” (thermo-chemical cycles) from nuclear or solar -described in the SRA (program from 2005 to 2015) and DS draft reports : investigation of the Sulfur-Iodine (S_I) thermo-chemical cycle, and comparison with the Hybrid-Sulfur cycle (Westinghouse cycle - WH), which have in common the H2SO4 decomposition reaction. This programme completes the work currently undertaken in France, USA and Japan.

Main Goal• Comparison of advantages and drawbacks of the S_I and WH cycles : flow-

sheeting, industrial scale-up, safety and costs;• Improvement of the fundamental knowledge and efficiency of the S_I cycle

H2 production step;• Experimentation of a solar primary energy source for the H2SO4 step

common to both cycles.Project approach: Description of the 2 Thermo-chemical cycles :

HYTHEC activities :

Modelling: CEA + PROSIM : Search for the best basic flow-sheets for S_I and Hybrid Sulfurcycles - H2SO4 and HIx vapour phase modelling from experimentations (DLR,CEA, USFD) / implementations in the ProSimPlus process simulation software.

Experimentations: • H2SO4 section (S_I and WH cycles)

Decomposition in a solar furnace (DLR) : 1200C (direct heating and decom-position without catalyst) and 850C (indirect heating at a VHTR temperature)

• H2SO4 decomposition flow-sheeting and scale-up. Flow (DIMI) and thermo-mechanical (EA) dimensioning of the solar receiver – Componentsizing (DIMI) - H2SO4 decomposition modelling (DIMI + DLR + CEA)

• HIx section (S_I cycle)Experimental measurements of the partialpressures above a mixture of HI, H2O and I2; use of FTIR, UV-Vis. and RAMAN spectrosco-pies (CEA)

Modeling and experimental exploratoryresearch into alternative, low energyseparation techniques relevant to the S_Iprocess: membrane separation. Use of CARS spectroscopy (USFD)

Industrial scale-up, safety and cost analysis

S_I coupling to a nuclear reactor (EA –ECOSIM simulation software) ; Safetyassessments (EA)S_I Industrial components sizing andEconomics (DIMI, with EA + CEA)

WH (Hybrid-Sulfur) cycle coupling to asolar or [solar + nuclear] heat source ;Industrial flow-sheet and componentsizing (DLR)Safety assessments (EA)WH (Hybrid-Sulfur) cycle Economics (EA, CEA)

Additional information:Title: HYdrogen THErmochemical CyclesAcronym : HYTHECProgramme: Sustainable Energy Systems (SES)Instrument: STREP

Maximum EC contribution (€): 1.898.268

Projected total cost (€): 2.944.574Coordinator’s e-mail adress: [email protected] site: www.shef.ac.uk/hythec/index.html; www.cea.fr; www.dlr.de; www.shef.ac.uk;www.dimi.uniroma.it; www.empre.es; www.prosim.net

Partners: Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA – F), University of Sheffield (USFD – UK),Università degli studi – Roma tre (DIMI – I), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR – D), Empresarios Agrupados (EA – SP), PROSIM (F)

The Sulfur_Iodine (S_I) cycle The Hybrid-Sulfur cycle (WH - Westinghouse cycle)

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Hydrogen from Steam – a “Hot” Technology

Main goals • Build on the SOFC expertise of the team to

identify the limitations of SOFC materials whenused as electrolysers

• Improve SOFC materials to develop SOEC compatible materials.

• Demonstrate SOEC cells with high efficiency (>90%)

• Demonstrate a short 2 cell stack• The challenges come from degradation of the

materials when subjected to the harsh environments present in a high temperature electrolyser (pure oxygen at high temperature, high steam concentrations, high potentials, high gas evolution, etc.)

Project approach

Additional information:Title: Highly Efficient, High Temperature, HydrogenProduction by Water Electrolysis Acronym: Hi2H2Programme: Sustainable Energy Systems (SES)Instrument: STREP

Projected total cost (m€): 2

Maximum EC contribution (m€): 1

Coordinator’s e-mail adress: [email protected] web site – URL address: http://www.Hi2H2.comPartners: EDF R&D/EifER, RISØ, DLR, EMPA

• Inefficient conversion technologies as well as improper energy storage systems are major barriers for a wider application of renewable energy such as wind, photovoltaics and hydropower. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) used in electrolysis mode, called SolidOxide Electrolyser Cells (SOEC), have the potential to become an efficient and cost effective way to solve the conversion problem.• An electrical efficiency of better than 90% has been proven

previously (HOT ELLY) and electrical efficiencies greater than 100% are possible by the combined use of heat and electricity.• This project aims to lay the basis for a cheap and highly efficient water electrolyser bymaking use of the recent progress on manufacturing techniques and materials development for planar SOFC technology.• High current densities (>1A/cm_) at high efficiency on single cells have been demonstra-ted in the project, the first step to compact and cheap high temperature electrolyser.• If SOFC reach the target cost of 400 €/kWe, so will SOEC’s. The cost of the hydrogenproduced would be competitive with today’s petrol prices using cheap surplus electricity.• A team with complementary expertise in the field water electrolysis, solid oxide fuel cells,ceramic materials and an end user (EDF) with a strong experience in developing waterelectrolysers from the lab to the industrial scale.

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H2 from sun and water- linking two scientific fields

SOLAR-H brings together world-leading laboratories to carry outintegrated, basic research on the common goal of hydrogen productionfrom renewable resources. Our multidisciplinary expertise spansfrom molecular biology, via biophysics to organometallic and physicalchemistry. The vision is to develop novel, today non-existing routesfor H2 production from solar energy and water. In a unique effortthe project integrates, for the first time, two frontline topics:

photobiological H2 production in living organisms, and artificial photosynthesis in man-made systems.

Main goalsMilestones Natural photosynthesisand photobiological hydrogen production

1. Demonstration of functional H2 producing bioreactors using the first deliberately improved green algae or cyanobacteria.

2. Improving our molecular understanding of the natural processes aiming towards asustainable production of H2 in cyanobac-teria or green algae.

3. Creation of the knowledge basis for improvements of the H2 production by metabolic and genetic engineering. Linking the two scientific fields.

Milestones Artificial photosynthesisand artificial photo-hydrogen production

1. Synthesis of the first bio-mimetic manga-nese complexes linked to ruthenium able to perform photochemical water splitting. Mimicking natural photosynthesis.

2. Synthesis of the first bio-mimetic iron compounds able to catalytically produce H2 using light energy. Mimicking natural hydrogenases.

3. Achieve basic understanding of the natu-ral processes to facilitate bio-mimetic approaches. Linking the two scientific fields.

Project approach

Additional information:Title: Linking molecular genetics and bio-mimetic chemistry- a multidisciplinary approach to achieve renewable hydrogenproductionAcronym: SOLAR-HProgramme: New and Emerging Science and Technology (NEST)Instrument: NEST adventureNEST is an activity under the 6th Framework Programme designed to pro-mote new and emerging science and technology


Total support of the EC (m€): 1.8Co-ordinator’s e-mail address:[email protected]

Partners:• Sweden: Uppsala University• France: Commissariat à l’énergie atomique-DSV (CEA-DSV)• France: Université Paris-Sud• Germany: Max-Planck Institute for Bio-inorganic Chemistry• Germany: Ruhr-Universität Bochum• Hungary: Biological Research Centre Szeged• The Netherlands: Wageningen University• Switzerland: University of Geneva

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Using the existing natural gas system

for hydrogen The transition towards the situation in which hydrogen is animportant energy carrier, will be lengthy and costly, and so apractical transition approach has to be followed. This projectdetermines the potential of the existing natural gas system (trans-mission-distribution-in house infrastructure-end user appliance)for mixtures of hydrogen/natural gas. Membranes will be developed

to subtract hydrogen from such mixtures. By connecting hydrogen production andend use, this project will catalyse the transition towards hydrogen.

Main goalsMain technical objective: Definition of the conditions under whichhydrogen can be added to natural gas in theexisting natural gas system (transmission-distribution-in house infrastructure-end userappliance)

Addition of hydrogen to natural gas changesthe chemical and physical properties of the gas.

The main fields of interest are:• Safety • Pipeline durability (hydrogen might effect

the mechanical properties of steel)• Pipeline integrity (is the existing condition

monitoring effective to detect degradation due to hydrogen)

• Socio-economic and life cycle analysisAppliance performance and membrane development

• Dissemination

Project approach• Development of new membranes with

inorganic modification, cross-linking and grafting.

• Development of better catalysts with improved alcohol tolerance

• Modelling and optimization of operation conditions

• Miniaturization of peripheric components (pumps, blowers, etc)

• Design and components Integration

Additional information:Title: Preparing for the hydrogen economy by using the existing natural gas system as a catalystAcronyme: NATURALHYProgramme: Sustainable Energy Systems (SES)Instrument: IPProjected total cost (m€): 17

Total support of the EC (m€): 11Project web site– URL address: www.naturalhy.netCo-ordinator’s e-mail address:[email protected]

Main leading partners:N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie, ISQ, Loughborough University, TNO, Gaz de France, University of Warwick, Exergia, GERGOther participating partners:Statoil, DEPA, Naturgas Midt-Nord, IGDAS, TRANSCO, DBI,Shell Hydrogen, IFP, Technical University Berlin, Leeds University, NationalTechnical University of Athens, Högskolan i Borås, TUBITAK, ECN, Ecole Nationale d’ingenieur de Metz, NEN, COGEN, HSE,Norwegian University of Science and Technology, CEA, PLANET

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Innovative and Cost Competitive

Hydrogen StorageHydrogen storage is a key enabling technology for the extensive use of H2as an energy carrier. None of the current technologies satisfies all of thehydrogen storage attributes sought by manufacturers and end users.Therefore the Integrated Project StorHy aims to develop robust, safe andefficient on-board vehicle hydrogen storage systems, suitable for use inhydrogen fuelled fuel cell or internal combustion engine vehicles. ConcreteR&D work covering the whole spectrum of hydrogen storage technologies

(compressed gas, cryogenic liquid and solid materials) are carried out with a focus on auto-motive applications. The aim is to develop economically and environmentally attractivesolutions for all three storage options. These systems shall be producible at industrialscale and shall meet commercially viable goals for cost, energy density and durability. In addition, achieving sufficient hydrogen storage capacity for adequate vehicle range is amajor technology goal.

Main goals• identify the most promising hydrogen storage

solutions for different vehicle applications• introduce innovative and cost-competitive

storage solutions to the market as quickly as possible through R&D, demonstration activities, as well as appropriate production technologies

• illuminate the future perspectives of hydrogen storage for transport and stationary applications

• assist decision makers and stakeholders on the road to the hydrogen economy

Project approachStorHy is divided into 6 Subprojects (SPs): the 3vertical Subprojects, SP Pressure Vessel, SPCryogenic Storage and SP Solid Storage, concen-trate on addressing the technological development

of innovative H2 storage solutions. Cutting acrossthese vertical SPs, the horizontal activities includethe SP Users (defining requirements and dissemina-ting results), the SP Safety Aspects & Requirements(carrying out safety studies and pre-normativeresearch) and the SP Evaluation (responsible formulti-criteria evaluation of the results).

Additional information:Title: Hydrogen Storage Systems for Automotive ApplicationAcronym: StorHyProgram: Sustainable Energy Systems (SES)Instrument: IP


Total support of the EC (m€): 10.7Project web site – URL address: www.storhy.net

Co-ordinator’s e-mail address:Dr. Volker Strubel, MAGNA STEYR [email protected]: 34 partners from 13 European countriesOEM Partners: DaimlerChrysler, BMW, Ford, Volvo, PSA

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Safety of Hydrogen as an Energy Carrier

Integration of hydrogen safety research in Europe via commonidentification of knowledge gaps and research needs sharing IPand experimental facilities, evaluation and development of simulation tools, personnel exchange coordination and common

planning of all related research efforts commonly performed research and educationprojects

General GoalContributing to a safe transition to a sus-tainable development in Europe by facili-tating the safe introduction of hydrogentechnologies/applications

Objectives:• strengthen, integrate and focus fragmented

research on hydrogen safety• establish a long lasting competitive

scientific and industrial community,• facilitating public awareness and

acceptance of hydrogen technologies,• dissemination of the results via interna-

tional conference, report and RC&S support,

• providing an educational framework for hydrogen safety,

• development an excellent safety culture

Project approach: Activity MatrixConsortium:24 partners from 12 European countries +1 from Canada (universities, industries,research labs)

Additional information:Safety of Hydrogen as an Energy Carrier Acronyme: HySafeProgramme: Sustainable Energy Systems (SES)Instrument: NoE


Maximum EC contribution (m€): 7

Coordinator’s e-mail adress: [email protected] web site– URL address: www. hysafe.orgPartners:FZK, AL, BAM, BMW, BRE, CEA, DNV, Fh-ICT, FZJ, GEXCON,HSE/HSL, INASMET, INERIS, IST, JRC, NCSRD, NH, Risø,TNO, UC, UNIPI, UPM, UU, Volvo, WUT

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European Hydrogen Energy Roadmap

The aim of HyWays is to develop a fully validated EU Hydrogen EnergyRoadmap: realistic though ambitious. The six Member States (MS)

participating in Phase I of the project (April 2004 – September 2005) will develop specific and well accepted stakeholder-validated projections on preferred hydrogen production and infrastructure technologies, the build-up of supply infrastructure and end-use technologies for the timeframes 2020, 2030 and 2050. Also the six MS of PhaseII (October 2005 – March 2007) will develop such projections. On MS level as well as EU-level, consequences for security of supply, emission reductions as well as economicimpacts will be assessed. These MS specific stakeholder-validated projections will beaggregated and integrated into a proposal for an EU Hydrogen Energy Roadmap.

Main goals The final Action Plan of HyWays will provide an agreedset of overall policy guidelines and industrial targetsreflecting consensus of the HyWays stakeholders. This will address:• Greenhouse gas emission reduction goals derived

from the Kyoto Protocol and beyond• Energy diversification in order to reduce dependency

on finite energy sources which are increasingly becoming concentrated in a few politically sensitive world regions

• Anticipated market shares of mobile and stationary hydrogen end-use technologies and their impact on industrial competitiveness and employment

Project Approach:The Hydrogen Energy Roadmap will reflect real-life condi-tions by taking into account technological aspects as wellas institutional, geographic and socio-economic barriersand opportunities. The Hydrogen Energy Roadmap will be based oninputs from European industry, research institutes andMember States representatives. It will describe syste-matically scenarios for future steps to be taken for thelarge-scale introduction of hydrogen as an energy carrierin the transport and power market and as storagemedium for renewable energy. Finally it will result in an action plan for the implementation of the EuropeanHydrogen Energy Roadmap.

Additional information:Title: European Hydrogen Energy RoadmapAcronym: HyWaysProgramme: Sustainable Energy Systems (SES)Instrument: IP


Maximum EC contribution (m€): 4.0Project web site– URL address: http://www.HyWays.deCoordinator’s e-mail adress: [email protected]

Partners: Air Liquide, Air Products, Beta Ulp, BMW, BP,CEA, DaimlerChrysler, Dena, DNV, ECN, EdF, EHN CR,ENEA, FhG-ISI, HIT-Certh, ICSTM, IDMEC IST, LBST, NuovoPignone GE, Hexion, Infraserv, Linde, Opel, Repsol,Senter Novem, Statkraft, Suart Energy Europe, Total,Vattenfall Europe, WNRI, ZEW

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INNOvatives High Temperature Routesfor HYdrogen Production

Various are the ways driving to H2 massive production ! But what about theclean and efficient processes, using the waterdecomposition with high temperature technologies ?INNOHYP CA aims to establish a state of art of the research about these processes and to

propose a roadmap of R&D works for the next years.

Main goals • Investigate the existing knowledge on high temperature processes

for massive Hydrogen production• Position these technologies in regards with carbon content technologies.• Define the needs and propose the research activities requested in

the future up to consolidation of industrial production, to support the roadmaping in Europe.

• Create of a platform for sharing and coordinating the results of theSpecific Targeted Actions on massive Hydrogen production.

• Offer support to the activities of the European Platform (HFP), of the IEA and of the International Cooperation Agreement for Hydrogen (IPHE).

MethodologyThe State of Art will be useful for establishing a roadmap only if theinformations concerning the different processes are homogeneousand comparable. Unfortunately we have now only a small part of the

information required to per-form a good comparison. For example, you can seeabove the evolution of theestimated effectivenessaccording to the progressionof the R&D.

1. Work starts and we are only able to give fuzzy and vague data. 2. Some experiments have been performed and factual laboratory

scale data are available. A flowsheet of the process is proposed and exergetic analysis could provide best estimate values at industrial scale.

3. The process is deployed at industrial scale and factual data are available

It is thus very important to inform the decision makers on the progressreport of knowledge on the processes and to specify what factual and isshown in experiments and what is extrapolation or modelling remainingto be shown. We must be rigorous and structure our information in order to be ableto compare actual factual data on existing technologies and fuzzy extra-polated data for the high temperature processes.We suggest using a matrix with 4 blocks to constitute the state ofthe art:• Horizontally, from a free format information to a strong formatted value• Vertically, from experimental data and calculations to validated

industrial data.

For a realistic comparison between existing and future processes, we try to define the characteristics of each process at point 2 (extrapolation from laboratory approach for the high temperature processes, feedback from the R&D phase for the existing processes).At least the specificity of several country, mainly in term of primaryenergy resources, will be taken into account in order to propose aroadmap for the next five or ten years.

Additional information:Title: INNOvatives High Temperature Routes for HYdrogen ProductionAcronyme: INNOHYP CAProgramme: Sustainable Energy Systems (SES)Instrument: CA


Maximum EC contribution (m€): 0.502Website: https://eagw.empre.es/innohyp/ Coordinator’s e-mail adress: CEAContact: [email protected]

Partners:Comissariat á l’Energie Atomique - CEA (France), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-undRaumfahrt e.V. - DLR(Germany), Ente per la Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia etl’Ambiente - ENEA (Italy), Shefield University - USFD (UK), EmpresariosAgrupados - EA (Spain), Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas,Medioambientales y Tecnologicas - CIEMAT (Spain), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation - CSIRO (Australia), Joint Research Center - Petten - JRC (Netherlands)

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National and regional programmatic synergies with

the H2-FC Technology PlatformThe USA, Japan and Europe are world leaders in public R&D supportin the field of H2-FC. However, the European activities are too frag-mented to be competitive. Within the concept of the EC 6thFramework Programme to create a “European Research Area” (ERA)

there is a programme level of co-ordination of research in order to overcome the nationalfragmentation of R&D and to improve European competitiveness. The respective projectsare called ERA-NET’s. HY-CO is the ERA-NET in the field of H2-FC.

Main GoalsThe objectives of HY-CO are to adjust the targets of European national and regional R&D program-mes in the field of H2-FC and to implement trans-national joint R&D activities. This is based on acommitment of – so far - 18 different EuropeanMinistries, Agencies and Supporting Structures res-ponsible for the respective public funding ofannually 160 Million Euro. HY-CO invites further European countries withremarkable R&D programmes in the field of H2-FCand trans-national European commitment to joinHY-CO.

HY-CO closely interacts with the EuropeanHydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Platform (HFP)especially with the Member States Mirror Group.The HFP Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) andDeployment Strategy (DS) foundation documentsprovide an essential input to the work programmeof HY-CO.

Project approach: HY-CO’s work packages are typical for ERA-NETS:

Additional information:Title: Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Co-ordination ERA-NETAcronym: HY-COProgramme: Networking of national or regional programmes Instrument: ERA-NET


Maximum EC contribution (m€): 2.7

Coordinator’s e-mail adress:Dr. Eberhard Seitz - Project Management Organisation PtJE-mail address: [email protected] web site– URL address: www.hy-co-era.net

WP2 starts with a data collection about national andregional R&D programmes based on a questionnairevia six nodes (DE, FR, IT, NER, NL, PT), and in (lighter)green the other HY-CO partners:

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CUTE is the most ambitious field trial of fuel cell buses and their hydrogen infrastructure today.27 fuel cell buses operate in the 9 participating European cities. Hydrogen supply encompassesboth on-site generation and conditioning, and centralised large-scale production.Accompanying studies investigate the benefits of hydrogen and fuel cells in transport

applications. Education, training, and dissemination are integral elements of the project.

Key operating data of the 27 Fuel Cell Buses at the end of January 2005 are:

• A total mileage of more than 500 000 km, corresponding to 1.3 timesthe distance between earth and moon.

• An average mileage of 18 500 km per bus, equivalent to almost halfthe circumference of the earth.

• Operating hours amount to 38 500 in total and to 1 425 per bus onaverage.

• The 27 buses, some of them in service for more than 1.5 years, cur-rently represent an accumulated experience of 35 years of operation.

• Among the longest serving vehicles, peak values are 26 000 km dis-tance covered and 2 400 hours of operation.

• About 100 tonnes of hydrogen have been consumed, roughly half-and-half from on-site production (without or less CO2-production) andfrom external supply.

• About 2.5 million passengers so far have enjoyed a journey on thebuses. CUTE is therefore the largest fuel cell and hydrogen related“teaching and education fleet” world-wide

Main goals

• Demonstrating and evaluating the feasibility of fuel cell buses in every-day operation under varying climatic, topographic and traffic conditions

• Demonstrating hydrogen supply infrastructures with different characte-ristics

• Exploring a wide range of ways to produce hydrogen as vehicle fuel,relying on renewable and fossil energy.

• Monitoring technology performance in terms of quality and safety• Training of local staff and fire brigades • Educating young people• Ecological, technical and economic analysis of the entire system and

comparison with conventional alternatives• Disseminating the project goals and results to passengers, the media,

opinion formers and the general public by various means.

Project approach

• A comprehensive Assessment Framework was developed to ensure acoherent approach to the collection and evaluation of operational data. It includes “guiding questions” for qualitative aspects and a set of indica-tors for quantitative appraisal. The Assessment Framework further coversnon-technical fields such as training,education and dissemination as wellas future potentials regarding envi-ronmental and economic impact.

• Comparative “nose-to-tail-tests”performance tests of the fuel Cell,diesel and natural gas buses

• Life cycle assessment is carried outfollowing the ISO 14040 ff. stan-dards on a well-to-wheel andcradle-to-grave basis.

• Intense information exchange inorder to maximise learnings, bothinternally and with tech-nology suppliers

• Numerous publicevents raise awarenessfor the project and itsgoals

• Stakeholder satisfactionis a major focus of thepeformance evaluation.

Additional information:Title: Clean Urban Transport for EuropeAcronym: CUTEProgramme : Sustainable Energy System (SES)Instrument: STREPProjected total cost (m€): 52Maximum EC contribution (m€): 18.5Co-ordinator’s e-mail address: [email protected] web site: www.fuel-cell-bus-club.comAnother project related web-sites: ECTOS (www.newenergy.is and STEP (http://www.dpi.wa.gov.au/fuelcells/Partners:City Partners: GVB and DMB (Amsterdam), TMB (Barcelona), HamburgerHochbahn (Hamburg), First Group (London), London Buses, AVL and FLEAA (Luxembourg), E.M.T. (Madrid), STCP (Porto), Busslink, Miljöförvaltningen and Storstockholms Lokaltrafik(Stockholm), Stuttgarter Straßenbahnen (Stuttgart)

Industry Partners:BP International, DaimlerChrysler, EvoBus, HEW, Hydro, Shell HydrogenAcademic and Consulting Partners: IKP / University of Stuttgart, IST, MVVVerkehr, PE Europe, PLANET, Polis, Statkraft, SydkraftAssociated Projects (with 3 fuel cell buses each):- ECTOS (Ecological City Transport System) in Reykjavik Iceland- STEP (Sustainable Transport Energy for Perth)

in Perth / Western Australia- City of Beijing / China

It is CUTE to travel clean!

Amsterdam Barcelona Hamburg London Luxembourg Madrid Porto Stockholm Stuttgart

20


Demonstration of Hydrogen Infrastructure and Fuel-Cell Car Fleets

Overall Strategic Objective - Develop & demonstrate road transport systemsfor European cities based on Hydrogen as an alternative motor fuelHydrogen Production / Sources • By-product of a chemical plant • ‘On-site’ reforming of Methane • Industrial production Infrastructure•Hydrogen supply

• Refuelling dispensers for- liquid Hydrogen - compressed Hydrogen

• Integrated in public service stations Fuel-Cell Car Fleets • F-Cell, A-class (Daimler Chrysler) • Panda (Fiat)Demonstration Locations• Rhein-Main, Germany • Lombardia, Italy Expected Results - Ways for faster market penetration of Hydrogen towards 5% replacement inroad transport by 2020.

GOALS & CHALLENGES• Use of Hydrogen from different sources

as an alternative transport fuel• Development & demonstration of 700 bar

refuelling technology for Hydrogen• Certification and integration of Hydrogen

(CGH2 and LH2) fillers in conventional service stations

• Demonstration of reliability of fuel-cell cars in different applications

• Socio-economic and environmental assessment of using Hydrogen as a motor-fuel

Project approachProject implementation in two phases. Project start – Nov. 15, 2004

Additional information:Title: ZERO REGIO - Lombardia & Rhein-Main towards Zero Emission:Development and Demonstration of Infrastructure Systems for Hydrogen as anAlternative Motor FuelAcronym: ZERO REGIOProgramme: Sustainable Energy Systems (SES)Instrument: IP


Total support of the EC (m€): 7.4 Co-ordinator’s e-mail address:[email protected] web site – URL address: www.zeroregio.comPartners:1 Infraserv GmbH & Co. Höchst KG, Germany2 Linde Gas & Engineering AG, Germany3 DaimlerChrysler AG, Germany4 Fraport AG Frankfurt Airport Services Worldwide, Germany

5 TÜV Technische Überwachung Hessen GmbH, Germany6 Agip Deutschland GmbH, Germany7 Lunds Universitet, Sweden8 Roskilde University, Denmark9 Saviko Consultants Ltd., Denmark10 European Commission – DG Joint Research Centre, Italy11 EniTecnologie S.p.A., Italy12 Regione Lombardia, Italy13 SAPIO Produzione Idrogeno Ossigeno S.r.l., Italy14 Comune di Mantova, Italy15 Universita Commerciale Luigi Bocconi, Italy16 C.R.F Societe Consortile per Azioni, Italy

Construction Phase I (0-24 months)

• Develop and construct modern multi-energy service stations

• Design & construct H2 infrastructure – transport lines, production unit, compression & distribution equipment

• Integrate H2 in service stations• Assure overall safety• Obtain certification • Prepare test procedures

Demonstration Phase II (25-60 months)• Acquire fleets at both sites• Organise personnel training • Perform field tests• Acquire data on infrastructure & FCV’s • Analyse & evaluate data on energy,

performance and emissions• Analyse and evaluate data on socio-

economic aspects• Disseminate & exploit project

results

21


Clean Power for Future Carsthrough Hydrogen Internal

Combustion EnginesIn Europe the public awareness concerning environmental issues is alreadywell developed. By supporting hydrogen technologies, there is a real chance to take over the leadership in production and marketing of sustainable energysystems. Also the automobile industry will contribute significantly towards thetransition to a hydrogen economy. The internalcombustion engine is ideally suited for the tran-sition to the hydrogen economy since, beside itscabability for bi-fuel-operation, it offers highpower density at relatively low cost. HyICE

(Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine) is a European initiative for automotivehydrogen engine development and it will provide economically feasible andenvironmentally friendly solutions for the steadily increasing mobility demand.

Main goals The goal of HyICE is to work out a dedicatedhydrogen combustion engine concept, which hasthe potential to beat gasoline and diesel enginesregarding:• high effectiveness,• high power density,• low cost,• high potential for a fast mass-market introduction.

Organisation Structure of the Project

ProjectApproach:HyICE is struc-tured in fivesubprojects.It targets twopromisingconcepts for

mixture formation: direct injection and cryogenic portinjection. The relating components have to be deve-loped and the combustion processes to be optimi-zed. This work is complemented by the develop-ment of supporting technologies for both approa-ches like dedicated ignition systems and new soft-ware tools for CFD-simulation of the combustionprocess of Hydrogen.The assessment of deliveries is organised by“Supplier-Customer” principle.

An exceptional position is taken by subproject No 4 “International Cooperation”: HyICE is the firstproject in which the interchange of results ofresearch work between the EC and the USA is rea-lized as it was concerted by the European ResearchCommissioner Ph. Busquin and the Secretary ofState at the US Department of Energy, Mr Sp.Abraham in March 2003.

Additional information:Title: Optimization of a Hydrogen Powered Internal Combustion EngineAcronyme: HyICEProgramme: Sustainable Surface Transport (SST)Instrument: Integrated ProjectProjected total cost (m€): 7.716Maximum EC contribution (m€): 5.008Coordinator’s e-mail adress: [email protected]:BMW Forschung und Technik GmbH (Germany)Ford Forschungszentrum Aachen GmbH (Germany)Volvo Technology Corporation (Sweden)MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG (Germany)

Hoerbiger ValveTec GmbH (Austria)Institut Français du Pétrole(France)Mecel AB (Sweden)Technische Universität Graz (Austria)Universität der Bundeswehr München (Germany)Irion Management Consulting GmbH (Germany)ANSYS Deutschland GmbH (Germany)

Direct Injection (10 - 200 bar)

Cryogenic Port Injection (~ –200°C)

22


Measures to accelerate market introduction

of BIOFUELS and HYDROGENPREMIA’s goal is to investigate the cost effectiveness of policy measures onalternative motor fuels and to give appropriate policy recommendations onthe national and international level to support the market transition to

alternative motor fuels. Specific measures will be related to the market maturity of the technologyand the country dependent situation. Specific focus is given to the assessment of demonstrationactions to promote hydrogen as a transport fuel in the long term and market incentives to promotethe use of biofuels in the short term. The development of an assessment framework will be donein cooperation with international partners.

Main goals• description of market maturity and technical prospects

of alternative motor fuels and alternative fuel vehicles,development of indicators to describe the market maturity of AMF;

• review of initiatives outside the EU and international cooperation to develop common assessment frameworkfor R&D and demonstration actions;

• review of on-going support projects to accelerate R&D in the field of alternative motor fuels and to demonstrate the technology and the definition of a common framework for assessment, focus on hydrogen for transport applications;

• evaluation of past and on-going national incentive programmes, focus on biofuels for transport applications;

• description of country-specific boundaries which impact the potential for AMF market introduction;

• scenario calculations to simulate the impact of certain initiatives on the market demand of alternative motor fuels;

• definition of options for cost efficient measures to stimulate the market demand of alternative motor fuels;

• dissemination of policy recommendations and suggestions to facilitate and secure the market introduction of alternative motor fuels.

Project approach

Technical approach: Literature review:state of the art of AMF, development of indicators, project listing

Local workshops:national boundary condi-tions for introduction AMFand policy measures, dis-seminationExpert interviews:effectiveness of ongoingand past RD&D, incentiveprogramsInternational workshops:international cooperationon assessment framework,disseminationModelling:Scenario calculations

for the introduction of AMF in the EU and policyrecommendations

Additional information:Title: R&D, Demonstration and Incentive Programmes Effectiveness to Facilitate and Secure Market Introduction of Alternative Motor FuelsAcronym: PREMIAProgramme: Sustainable Energy Systems (SES)Instrument: SSA


Total support of the EC (m€): 1.00Project web site: http://www.premia-eu.org Co-ordinator’s e-mail address:[email protected] / [email protected]

Partners:• VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Belgium• JRC-IPTS (Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, Institute for

Prospective Technological Studies), Spain• CERTH-HIT (Centre for Research and Technology Hellas - Hellenic Institute of

Transport), Greece• VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Finland• SETREF (South-East European Transport Research Forum),

Greece

23


Hydrogen in maritime applications

NEW-H-SHIP has gathered a unique consortium group who is leading in the maritime field in Europe.

Whit this project Europe is taking the major steps towards using Hydrogen at sea

OutlineThis 15 month project is a specific supported action(SSA) to ensure continued work on earlier national ini-tiatives and EC projects concerning the use of hydro-gen as fuel in marine applications. The foundationsare the outcomes of projects like the FC-SHIP (endedin June 2004) and EURO-HYPORT (ended in July 2003).The New-H-Ship will bridge the gap in this field toassist in the creation of a new European ResearchAgenda. The kick off was February 15th, 2004

Taking fuel cells and hydrogen aboard a ship willdemonstrate a fairly new technology in a completelynew environment, which is both wet and salty andhard on electronic equipment. This offers new challen-ges related to the shipboard requirements.

The aim of theproject is to iden-tify technical, ope-rational and socie-tal obstacles rela-ted to the shi-board system-requirements andinfrastructure formaritime fuels. As preparation for

real demonstrations, the project will suggest mitigatingactions so that investments and the technology forusing hydrogen on board will be feasible and secure.

Main goals• Identification of technical barriers (showstoppers)

for FC and H2 on board ships• Mapping the road to H2 drive propulsion in ships

and making recommendations for further Research and Development

• Creation of reference list of R&D activities regarding fuel cells and hydrogen in maritime applications

• The project will identify supporting European activitiesin the field of hydrogen and fuel cells in maritime applications and pre-screen potential partners

Additional information:Title: Hydrogen in maritime applicationsAcronyme: NEW-H-SHIPProgramme: Sustainable Energy Systems (SES)Instrument: STREPProjected total cost (€): 550.000Total support of the EU (€): 300.000Coordinator’s e-mail adress:Icelandic New Energy LtdJón Björn Skú[email protected]

Partners:Icelandic New Energy Ltd (Iceland), Fisheries Technological Forum(Iceland), SINTEF Energiforskning (Norway), Marintek (Norway),Det Norske Veritas (Norway), Germanisch Lloyds (Germany), MTUFriedrichshafen GmbH (Germany), Norwegian ShipownersAssociation (Norway), Delft University of Technology (Netherlands),Institute for Technological Development (Iceland), Fincanterie(Italy), University of Applied Sciences Hamburg (Germany)

24


Reliable, Durable, Energy Efficient andCost Effective SOFC Systems

The aim of the Integrated Project Real-SOFC is to solve the persisting generic problems of ageing with planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) in a concerted action of the Europeanfuel cell industry and research institutions. This includes gaining understanding of degradation processes, finding solutions to reduce ageing and producing improved materials that will then be tested in stacks. In this process further consideration will begiven to the design of cost effective materials, low cost components and optimised manufacturing processes.

Main goalsMaterials (ceramics, steels)• durability, low ageing, tolerant towards fuel and air

impurities• thermal cycling (matching of materials thermal expansion)

• redox cycling• cost reductionCells• high power density vs. reduction

of operating temperature• improved mechanical properties• industrial manufacturing processesStacks• thermal cycling (sealing materials)• weight and volume reductionManufacturing• cost efficient manufacturing of all

componentsSystems• cost reduction• efficient Balance of Plant (BoP)

components• simplification / integration /

packagingModelling• understanding of ageing processes

Besides the materials development, the project addres-ses the topics of:

• Life Cycle Analysis as an essential tool for assessing the environmental impact and recycling of the materials used,

• industrial standardisation as a means of lowering costs and improving industry competitiveness, and

• training and dissemination as a tool of human resource management and a contribution towards gender equality.

Project approach

Additional information:Title: Realising Reliable, Durable Energy Efficient and Cost EffectiveSOFC SystemsAcronym: Real-SOFCProgramme: Sustainable Energy Systems (SES)Instrument: IP

Projected total cost (€): 18.259.429.36

Total support of the EC (€): 8.999.000.50Project web site: http://www.real-sofc.comCo-ordinator’s e-mail address: [email protected] Partners: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH (FZJ), Rolls-Royce plc (R-R plc), Ugine-Alz (Groupe Arcelor) (U&A), Commisariat à l´Energie Atomique (CEA), Universityof St Andrew (USTAN), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR),Entwicklungs- und Vertriebsgesellschaft Brennstoffzelle mbH (EBZ), EnergyResearch Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Electricité de France (EDF),

Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA), ENERGO-PROECT AD – Science Research and Technological Institute (ENERGO), Gaz deFrance (GDF), H.C. Starck GmbH (HCST), Haldor Topsøe A/S (HTAS), HTceramixSA (HTc), The Imperial College (Imperial), Foundation for Research & TechnologyHellas (FORTH-ICEHT), Plansee AG (Plansee), Risø National Laboratory (Risø),Stiftelsen for industriell og teknisk forskning ved Norges (SINTEF), Sulzer HexisLtd (SH), University of Birmingham (UBHAM), University of Chemical Technology& Metallurgy, Sofia (UCTM), Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), WärtsiläCorporation (Wärtsilä), University of Genoa (UNGE)

25


Main goals: The Biocellus project has two pointsof interest.The fuel cell materials and the gas clea-ning technologies have to treat high dust loads ofthe product gas from the biomass gasification andgas pollutants like tars, alkalines and heavymetals. 1st part of the project: • Impact of pollutants on degradation and perfor-mance characteristics of SOFC. • Specification of the requirements for the gascleaning system 2nd part: The TopCycleDuring the second part of the project an appro-priate stack design of the SOFC that can maximisethe efficiency of a SOFC system will be planned. A useful and efficient combination is achieved ifthe exhaust heat of the fuel cell is used to enable

endothermal gasifica-tion reactions in a gasi-fier. Indirect heating ofthe gasifier with theexhaust heat of thefuel cell increases thesystem efficiency signi-ficantly. This is the so-called ‘TopCycle’ pro-cess.

Project approachFor the first part of the project, two mobile SOFCtest rigs, one of planar and one of tubular designwill be designed andtested in five existingand representative gasi-fication sites throughoutEurope Concerning thesecond part, a newstack design with liquidmetal heatpipes will bedeveloped in order toenvisage this recircula-tion of waste heat. With this new concept, net efficiencies above 50%for small scale CHP plants are expected.

Additional information:

Title: BIOmass fuel CELL Utility System Acronym: BiocellusProgramme: Sustainable Energy Systems (SES)Instrument: STREPProject total cost: 3.36M €Maximum EC contribution: 2,5M €Co-ordinator’ s email address : [email protected] address: www.biocellus.comPartners:1. Lehrstuhl für Thermische Kraftanlagen, TU München,

Germany (Coordinator)2. National Technical University Athens, Greece3. MAB Anlagenbau, Austria4. TU Delft, The Netherlands5. ECN, The Netherlands

6. HTM Reetz GmbH, Germany7. Prototech, Norway8. Institut für Kernenergetik und Energiesysteme, Universität

Stuttgart, Germany9. Institut für Wärmetechnik, TU Graz, Austria10. Siemens, Erlangen, Germany11. Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Powder Technology,

University Lubljana, Slovenja12. DM2 GmbH, Essen, Germany13. COWI, Denmark14. Technical University of Denmark15. iT consult, Germany16. Aristotle University of

Thessaloniki, Greece

Highly effective combination of SOFC with

biomass gasificationSolid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) allow the use natural gas for Combined Heatand Power Production (CHP) applications. Substitution of natural gas with gasfrom renewable biomass feedstock will not only reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, but it will also significantly improve the competitiveness of fuelcell systems especially for distributed applications with CHP. The FP6 project

Biocellus aims to integrate the high temperature fuel cell technology with biomass gasification concepts.

26


From biomass to electricity through integrated

gasification/SOFC system.The project aims at developing an innovative biomass-to-electri-city concept with high electric efficiency based on SOFC-techno-logy combined with gasification process. The main objective is thus to produce a gas suitable for SOFC

application through reliable, upscalable and cost-effective staged gasification of biomass,with less environmental problems from stream containing tars or char

Main goals Overall technical objective: to develop a tar decompositionand gas cleaning system that can be integrated to biomassgasifiers. Resulting challenge: to prepare a basic design for a full-scale(1-50 MWth) innovative gasifier and gas treatment system forintegrated biomass gasification SOFC systems with the follo-wing expectations :• tar content of the gas < 10 mg tar/Nm3 gas. • Cold gas efficiency > 85% for the whole

gasification process• Carbon conversion > 99%• Minimal process waste streams and by-products so as to

reduce the environmental impact of the waste from the gasifier and the operational cost.

Project Approach:Technical idea of this project : to design an upscalable charbed that can be integrated into existing gasifiers in order toreduce tar concentrations to a level low enough to avoid tar-related problems in an SOFC-system. Char has been proven to be suitable as catalytic agent forthe reduction of tar concentration at high temperatures(900°C or higher) fi 1) Gasifier and SOFC may be coupledwithout intermediate cooling: high-efficiency option. 2) If coo-ling is applied, tars are removed before condensation pro-blems.

2 different char-bed systems are being developed and tested :• a char bed without bed material (TKE-concept), based on

laboratory-scale fixed bed pilot scale gasifiers at TKE and DTU : tar concentration can be as low as 10 mg/mn3.

• a char bed with bed material (ECN-concept): the concept has been developed by ECN and is calledTREC-concept. Laboratory tests in 2002 and 2003 have beenperformed and it has been proven that tars can be reduced significantly.

In order to judge the tar removal systems for use in a bio-mass-to-electricity route, the effects of different tars on theoperation of an SOFC will be quantified within the project.Furthermore this project will identify the operation parame-ters for a dry gas cleaning system in order to be sure thatalso the inorganic impurities are removed to a level wherethe gas can be fed directly into a SOFC fuel cell.

Expected achievements/ impact The two suggested concepts are innovative gasification tech-nologies which enable an efficient conversion of biomassinto a tar free produced gas. As the produced gas is expec-ted to be a clean gas with very low tar content and becauseappropriate dry clean system will solve inorganic contamina-tion, various applications can be considered including fuelsynthesis. Theachievementwithin the pro-ject will be thetwo fuel cellscoupled to gasi-fiers for at least100 hours each.

Additional information:Title: SOFC Fuel Cell fuelled by biomass gasification gas. Acronym: GREEN-FUEL-CELLProgramme: Sustainable Energy Systems (SES)Instrument: STREPProjected total cost (m€): 5.17Maximum EC contribution (m€): 3Coordinator’s e-mail adress:Dr Philippe GirardCIRAD Forestry department, Biomass Energy research Unit TA 10/16 - 34398 Email : [email protected]

Partners:Centre de cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour leDéveloppement (FR), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (FR)Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (NL)TK Energi AS (DK), Technical University of Denmark (DK)Risoe National Laboratory (DK), Force Technology (DK)Institute of Chemical Technology (CZ)

27


Advanced automotive fuel cell systems

The scope of the HyTRAN project is to advance the fuel celltechnology towards solutions that are commercially viable. This will be demonstrated in two fuel cell systems. Components

and sub-systems are considered as major bottlenecks for fuel cell based vehiclesystems. HyTRAN is therefore largely focused on the development of the neces-sary components and sub-systems to make them meet the actual requirementsderived from the two applications.

Main goals Two fuel cell systems will be developed:• A direct hydrogen 80 kW PEM fuel cell for

propulsion• A 5 kW PEM fuel cell system including a diesel

based fuel processor for APU applications

The challengesdeal with factorssuch as cost,durability, weight,volume, efficiencywhich all needsto be improved.

The plan to meet the project objectives leads tothe following development:• Innovative 80 kW direct hydrogen stack with

strong weight and volume reduction, increased efficiency, durability and start-up time, and with innovative MEAs

• Innovative 5 kW reformate stack, introducing novelcatalysts and electrode structures which will result in an MEA tolerant to very high CO concentrations

• Variable displacement compressor• Innovative humidification/dehumidification apparatus• Heat exchanger and radiator customised for the

application• Micro-structured diesel steam reformer and gas

purification units

Project Approach:

Additional information:Title: Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies for Road TransportAcronym: HyTRAN Programme: Sustainable Surface Transport (SST)Instrument: IP



Project web site– URL address: www.hytran.orgCoordinator’s e-mail adress: [email protected]: Volvo, CRF, Renault, VW, DC, DAF, Nuvera, JM;Opcon, Tenneco, WPT, Adrop, RWTH Aachen, ECN, Politecnico di Torino, PSI, IMM, ICSTM, Envipark

28


High temperature PEM Fuel Cells

for stationary applicationsSystems with conventional PEMFC operating at 80°C suffer from high

complexity to overcome problems of • Water management, • CO poisoning, • Large cooling devices

This increases system cost significantly. Application of a high temperature proton exchange membrane can solve or limit these problems allowing

for a simpler and cheaper system. Promising results have been obtained with high temperature PEMFC based on the polymer PBI operating

at temperatures up to 200°C. As an additional benefit the value of the excess heat is higher and more useful.

Main goals • A 2kWel HT-PEMFC stack operating in

a temperature range of 120-220°C.• Single cell performance:

0.7 A/cm_ at 0.6 V. • Durability: > 5,000 hours. • A hydrocarbon reformer and a catalytic

burner integrated with the stack.

Project Approach:1. Further improvement of the high

temperature polymer membranes and related materials.

2. Development of technological unitsincluding fuel cell stack, hydrocarbonreformer, afterburner and power management system, that are compatiblewith the HT-PEMFC.

3. Integration of the HT-PEMFC stack with these compatible subunits.

Additional information:Title: Further Improvement and System Integration of High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte MembraneFuel Cells Acronyme: FURIMProgramme: Sustainable Energy Systems (SES)Instrument: IPProjected total cost (m€): 6.168Maximum EC contribution (m€): 3.999Project web site– URL address: www.furim.comCoordinator’s e-mail adress:Niels J. Bjerrum, Department of ChemistryTechnical University of Denmark - [email protected]

Partners:Technical University of Denmark (DK) CoordinationVolvo Technology Corp. (SE), Norwegian University ofScience and Technology (NO), University of Newcastleupon Tyne (UK), Elsam A/S (DK), Danish Power SystemsApS (DK), Case West Reserve University (US)University of Stuttgart (DE), Hexion B.V. (NL)Freudenberg FCCT (DE), IRD Fuel Cell A/S (DK)Foundation of Research and Technology (GR), Between Lizenz GmbH (DE)

29


Hydrogen power train technologies

HILTech offers world-class research project management on:

• Hydrogen storage research using doped active and nano carbon technology• Super-capacitor development both double layer high surface area carbon and hybrid• Fuel Cell Test Station subsidiary manufacturing bespoke test stations for;

FC brass-board development, virtual FC cell evaluation and research, FC performance and reliability in real time under electric and thermal load conditionsFC mechanical integrity using four post vibration techniques

• Fuel cell power train development including smart DC / DC converter technology

Main goals Our objectives are:

• the creation of sustainable and commercially viable technologies

• a valuable participation in leading-edge European research towards a environmentally friendly transport

• a stronger European economy based on sustainable technologies

• a strong presence in the knowledge based economy of the future

Project Approach:

Additional information:Titre: Intelligent DC /DC converter technology for fuel cell power trains IntelliconAcronyme: Intellicon Programme: Collective Research and Co-operative Research (CRAFT)Instrument: STREP


Maximum EU contribution (€): 500.000Project web site– URL address:www.hiltechdevelopments.comCoordinator’s e-mail adress:[email protected]:IRD Denmark, Manchester University UK, Maxwell Switzerland,Textron UK, Trans Electric Netherlands, VUB Brussels

The use of doped active carbon in a novel low temperaturehydrogen storage system HydroStorUK Feasibility Study - €100.000 European Union Contribution n / a executive@hiltechdevelopments.comwww.hiltechdevelopments.comPartner Newcastle University

The development of super-capacitorsSuperCUK Research - M€ 1.5EU Contribution n / aexecutive@hiltechdevelopments.comwww.hiltechdevelopments.comPartners: Hawker Batteries UK, Qinetiq UK, Reading University UK,

30


Main goals The expected outcomes of the DEMAG project are:

• 10 kWh Emergency Power Supply, ableto supply 1 kW during 10 hours

• 220 Volt @ 50 Hz power output• Power generation by means of a 1 kW

PEM Fuel Cell• Safe energy storage through a state-of-

the-art metal hydrates LaNi5 hydrogentank, operating at 2 bar and room tem-perature

• Automatic start-up during black-out andshut-down on grid reconnection

• Flexible and easy installation both fornew installations and retrofit

• Able to supply a load exceeding therated power for a limited time, thanksto the integration of Fuel Cells and Ultracapacitors.

Project approachDEMAG will be composed of two integrated units + peripherals:

• DEMAG CENTRAL UNIT will supply the electrical energy, and can be connected to any plug of the house (this is possiblebecause the maximum instantaneous power of the system israted around 1 kW, thus compatible with the electric load capa-city of every plug and every secondary branch of a domesticelectric plant)

• DEMAG MASTER SWITCH INTERFACE (MSI) will be installedserial to the general switch of the domestic sub-circuit, and will segment the domestic electrical plant in case of black-out,in order to avoid that the DEMAG system could supply alsoneighbour domestic plants; the two units require to communi-cate in order to coordinate the disconnection and reconnectionto the grid

• DEMAG AUTOMATIC DISCONNECTIONMODULES (ADM) shall be used to connectto the domestic grid devices and applian-ces which are both high power consump-tion and do not provide functions relatedto emergency situations (e.g. a washingmachine); these modules will interveneimmediately after the black out takes place,after input from the Master SwitchInterface, and exclude connected loads fromthe mains, so that DEMAG can operatewithin the range of its rated power

When a black-out takes place, the DEMAGEPS operates as follows:1. the Master Switch Interface disconnectsthe domestic grid from the main one andcommunicates to the Central Unit that ithas to start

2.the Central Unit starts, while the Automatic DisconnectionModules disconnect fro the local grid high consumption and notemergency related devices and appliances (e.g. a washingmachine)

3.ultracapacitors can supply power exceeding 1 kW for a limitedtime; if this happens, DEMAG emits a sound signal informingthe user if the system has been overloaded and if it is neces-sary to disconnect further loads: the sound can be intermittent,increasing its speed if the overload keep going on and there isthe risk of disconnection

4.if the load exceeds also the temporary capacity of ultracapaci-tors, the system disconnects, and waits some seconds beforereconnecting; simple modules based on the same communica-tion standards can be placed in the house to repeat the soundsignal where required if the Central Unit needs to be placed farfrom living areas

5.when the main power is back, the system reconnects automati-cally, with no disconnection.

Additional information:Title: Domestic EMergency Advanced GeneratorAcronym: DEMAGProgramme: Collective Research and Co-operative Research (CRAFT)Instrument: STREP

Projected total cost (€): 1.134.979

Maximum EC contribution (€): 644.654Co-ordinator’s e-mail address: [email protected]

Partners:Labor S.r.l. (Italy) RTD performer, CoordinatorUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata” – Dept. of enterprises Engineering(Italy) RTD performerGraz University of Technology (Austria) RTD performerAGT S.r.l. (Italy) SMESeira S.r.l. (Italy) SMEEnertron GmbH (Germany) SMELinnet Technology Ltd. (United Kingdom) SMESzwed Sp. Z o.o (Poland) SMEIdealcase S.a.s. (Italy) SMEIdeatel ingenieria S.L. (Spain) SME

Domestic EMergency Advanced Generator

The future reliability of centralised energy supply is questioned by energy experts, authorities and final users. In current large scale interconnected supply grids a problem in any portion of the massive generation, transmission and distribution chain can leave customers in a wide geographic area

without power and vulnerable.Weaknesses can affect electricity distribution from several origins (costs of fossil fuels, need to reduce greenhouse emissions, reduced water availability

due to global warming, lack of maintenance of electricity grids, etc.), all factors which are supposed to have an increasing impact in the future.An Emergency Power Supply with a rated capacity of at least 10 kWh based upon existing accumulator technologies is clearly unfeasible and impracticable

for weight and size reasons; keeping such an amount of chemical batteries in a house would be a non-sense.The right answer can be found in fuel cells and hydrogen technologies, making it possible to revolutionise stationary and mobile power generating

applications, because of their inherent characteristics of energy density, lightweight and clean generation.DEMAG intends to investigate the indoor domestic application of advanced hydrogen technologies to life saving emergency energy generators, and deliver

an Emergency Power Supply, rated 10 kWh, based on the integration of a PEM fuel cell with ultracapacitors and with a metal hydrates container for hydrogen storage: the FC is expected to provide a basic power output, whereas ultracapacitors can supply temporary peak loads. The EPS is supposed

to start autonomously after the black out, but is designed to support some limited essential functions of the sub-grid connected, according to its rated power;this means that the system does not properly match the total nominal power of the sub-grid connected, but is able to supply part of it, typically devices

providing safety related functions.

31


IMPRESS-ive Catalysts for Fuel Cells

IMPRESS is an Integrated Project in the EC’s 6thFramework Programme (FP6). The project focuses onintermetallic alloys, their solidification processing andtheir industrial applications. The European Space

Agency (ESA), as coordinator, is responsible for the overall management ofthe project, as well as the implementation of all space activities.

Main goals The scientific objective of the project is to understandthe important link between the materials processing,the structure and the final properties of new high-per-

formance intermetallic alloys. The technical objective is totransfer this knowledge intohigh-quality breakthroughprototypes for the followingapplications:

• advanced catalytic powders for hydrogen fuel cells and hydrogenation reactions,as well as

• gas turbine blades for aero-engines and powergeneration.

Project Approach:Raney-type Catalytic Powders:Gas-atomised NiAl, plasma production (mean size < 20 mm) Cheaper than pla-tinum

Industrial Application:Alkaline Fuel Cell (Oy Hydrocell Ltd)

Space Activities – Powders:• Nano-particle production via vapour

condensation• Fractal agglomeration in microgravity• Sounding rocket experiment &• Potential utilisation of InternationalSpace Station

Deliverables:The main deliverables of the project will be newknowledge deriving from both ground-based R&D andspace experimentation, as well as prototypes of next-generation products. It is expected that highly-efficient hydrogen fuel-cells,based on cheaper catalytic electrodes, will be develo-ped for commercial applications.

Additional information:Title: Intermetallic Materials Processing in Relation to Earth and Space SolidificationAcronyme: IMPRESSInstrument: IPProgramme: Nanotechnologies materials and processes

(NMP)



Project web site– URL address:http://spaceflight.esa.int/impressCoordinator’s e-mail adress:Dr. David John Jarvis, European Space [email protected]:41 partners from 14 EU countries and Russia

32


Portable Direct Alcohol Fuel Cell

The success of portable fuel cells in niche applications canopen the market for the fuel cell industry in Europe. MOREPOWER develops a compact portable fuel cell withmodular design in the power range of 500 W with potentialuse for off-grid applications, medical units, weather stations,defence, back-up generators, etc. The fuels of choice of MOREPOWER are methanol and etha-nol, which can be produced from biomass.

Main goalsThe main target of MOREPOWER project is todevelop a low cost, low temperature porta-ble direct methanol (or ethanol) fuel cell(DMFC) device of compact construction andmodular design with aimed power 500 W,operating at 40 A and 12.5 V, temperature upto 60oC and energy density higher than 800Wh/kg.

Challenges in MOREPOWERMaterial development:• new low-cost proton exchange membranes

with reduced permeation; • new electrocatalyst materials with

enhanced low temperature (m)ethanol electro-oxidation activity of the anode;

• cathode catalyst with enhanced oxygen reduction activity lower methanol sensitivity;

• optimised structure of the electrocatalyst andelectrode for efficient operation at low temperatures;

System development• optimised, simplified and miniaturised

design of the DMFC device;• functional components integration

Project approach• Development of new

membranes with inorganic modifica-tion, cross-linking and grafting.

• Development of better catalysts withimproved alcohol tolerance

• Modelling and optimization of opera-tion conditions

• Miniaturization of peripheric compo-nents (pumps, blo-wers, etc)

• Design and compo-nents Integration

Additional information:Title: Compact Direct (m)ethanol fuel cell for portable applicationAcronym: MOREPOWERProgramme: Sustainable Energy Systems (SES)Instrument: STREP


Total support of the EC (m€): 2.1

Project web site– URL address: http://morepower.gkss.deCoordinator’s e-mail adress:Dr. Suzana Pereira Nunes - e-mail [email protected]:GKSS, CRFiat, Solvay, Johnson Matthey, CNR-ITAE,POLITO, IMM, Nedstack

33


Flexible Ecological Multi-purpose

Advanced GeneratorFuel Cells based systems have the potential to replace in principle every battery powered electric system,but also to be applied in much more applications which are now impossible for battery powered systems

for reasons of autonomy, and are therefore performed with internal combustion engines. In the field of generic, all purpose applications, fuel cells require to be combined with battery storage

and ultra capacitors, operating in a symbiotic hybrid mode to effectively meet the varying load requirements of each specific application at the lowest cost and the most responsive operating mode.

FEMAG intends to explore optimised integration of components and power aggregates, delivering an energy generator, closed, of small power, based on the integration of a fuel cell with a battery packand supercapacitors, for the flexible supply at variable power of small portable non automotive devices.

FEMAG proposes to develop a product which is based on Fuel Cells, but is combined with all the components required to make its application flexible, simple and able to satisfy not only the basepower consumption, but also relative peaks of consumption of associated machines, within utilisation

profiles prefixed at the design stage.Design criteria are expected to be capitalised into an expert system for the design of aggregated

generators basing on boundary utilisation profiles.

Main goals Define and test suitable design configurations forpower systems in the range from 0.125 to 1 kW basedon the integration of PEMFC with complementarypower ancillaries • Develop symbiotic hybrid modes to effectively meet

the varying load requirements of each specific application at the lowest cost and the most responsive operating mode

• Identify adequate set of components for such systems (batteries, ultra-capacitors and controllers)

• Certify the boundary conditions within which such systems are able to operate reliably.

• Develop and demonstrate and advanced expert system for the design of complex generators based on FCs in the range of 0.5 125 to 3 1 Kw

• Deliver a prototype demonstrative generator powering a wheelchair for people with disabilities.

Project approachFEMAG methodology is based on the integration ofcommercial and pre-commercial devices and compo-nents, and targets high replicability as a main patri-mony to be generated.

The aggregated FEMAG generator will be designedaround the criteria of minimising fuel cell rated power,entrusting to backup batteries and ultracapacitors thesupply of power transients, and put the cell in thecondition to work only at fixed power output, exten-ding its life.The project involves both experimental and computa-tional optimisation of aggregated systems, andexploits experimental design to set up rigorous testingactivities. Experimentaldesign is a verypowerful andcomprehensivemethodology,allowing to planand carry outexperiments insuch a way thatmaximum possible information is gained. It is very use-ful in the investigation of several aspects in the courseof knowledge acquisition from experimental data.

Additional information:Title: Flexible Ecological Multi-purpose Advanced GeneratorAcronym: FEMAGProgramme: Collective Research and Co-operative Research (CRAFT)Instrument: STREPProjected total cost (€): 1.058.022Maximum EC contribution (€): 585.067Partners:• University of Rome “Tor Vergata” - Dept. of enterprises Engineering - Italy -

RTD performer• Molecular Network GmbH- Germany - RTD performer

• Graz University of Technology - Austria - RTD performer• AGT S.r.l.- Italy - SME• Nuova Fima S.p.A. - Italy - SME• Szwed Sp. Z o.o - Poland - SME• Enertron GmbH - Germany - SME• IBE S.L. - Spain - SME• ASL Rome E - Germany - Other Participant

34


Main objective of the indented ENFUGEN Project is to maximize the participation of research centres and researchers from new (Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia) and future(Romania and Bulgaria) Member States in the FP6 thematic priority area 6.1 “Sustainable Energy Systems” and specifically in the field of fuel cells and hydrogen energy.

The ENFUGEN support action aims at stimulating and supporting research activities from Central Europe new and future member countries in the technology sectors includingFuel cells and new technologies for hydrogen carriers/transport and storage.

ENFUGEN addresses research-related supporting and networking activities; it is incorporated in a multidisciplinary approach based on socio-economic research needs to overcome obstacles for market penetration of fuel cells and hydrogen energy.

In the perspective of enabling the European Community to achieve its RTD strategic objectives, the ENFUGEN project will contribute actively to make emerge new ideas forNoE/IP. In particular, domestic market/research barriers and opportunities will be discussed during virtual roundtables and traditional workshops organised in coincidence

with the Renewable Energy events in targeted countries.

Main goals • Improving Co-operation and taking advantages of FP6 opportunitiesA more effective co-operation within the researchers from Poland, Slovakiaand Czech Republic, as well as Romania and Bulgaria, together with therecognised European experts will be targeted, so as to fully take advantageof instruments offered by the 6th FP, such as NoE and IP.

OUTPUTA dedicated and detailed database of researchers and research bodies, thepublic as well as the private ones, centres of excellence, together with thepotential industrial partners interested to join the research consortia will bethus created, as the main instrument in the partners’ search activity for thewhole 6th FP.

ENFUGEN virtual Platform. The web-site created for this reason, will be divi-ded into a Public section, as the main instrument for creating awarenessand promoting the new member Countries competencies, and a restrictedScientific forum, where a successful interaction among involved researchersthrough thematic virtual multi-session roundtables is supposed to permit toemerge new ideas for 5 IPs and 3 NoEs.

• Research visibility and synergiesSo as to promote Polish, Czech and Slovak research visibility at Europeanlevel, creating at the same time necessary synergies with other RES domes-tic actors and national industry. The action will be also extended to furthercompetencies mapped and included into the database from other new mem-ber Countries, as mainly expected from Bulgaria and Romania.

OUTPUTIt is expected that at least, 3 two-days workshops will be organised withinRE related events in Poland, Slovak and Czech Republic.At least 2 brokerage events will be organised, in coincidence with specialRE or other events organised in Poland, Czech and Slovak Republic, wherethe group of selected industrial partners potentially interested will be invi-ted to discuss about the technical possibilities of building joint proposals.

• Improve entrepreneurial skillsImprovement entrepreneurial skills in research infrastructures will be targe-ted, transferring best practices to Poland, Czech and Slovak Republic.

OUTPUT a roadmap towards building “entrepreneurial university”, improving themanagement of research infrastructures based on transferring best practisesas a training instrument.

Project approach Emphasis shall be placed on:� mapping and networking competencies, contributing these activities tostrategic objectives, notably regarding the European research area;

� stimulating, encouraging and facilitating the participation of researchorganisations from Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania and Bulgariain the activities of the thematic priority area concerning fuel cells and hydro-gen energy, by:

• information exchange by means of interactive virtual scientific forum, virtual roundtables and traditional workshops;• reinforcement in Poland, Czech Republic and Slovak Republic, of network of existing centres of excellence in the field of RES by the integration of an organised group of research for fuel cells and hydrogen energy;• promotion of competencies during dissemination activities;• training activities for improving RTD systems in the 3 targeted Countries.

� preparing future EU RTD activities, via prospective studies such asRoadmap and brokerage events for creation of RTD/Industry clusters, data-base and other printed and electronic catalogues of research competenciesto be widely disseminated. Channels for international co-operation necessaryto build good proposals of Integrated Projects and Networks of Excellencewith strong participation of 3 targeted country promoted by the ENFUGENproject, will be thus, developed.

Enlarging Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Research

co-operation

Additional information:Title: Enlarging fuel cells and hydrogen research co-operationAcronym ENFUGENProgramme: Sustainable Energy Systems (SES)Instrument: SSA

Projected total cost (€): 250.937.50

Maximum EC contribution (€): 216.744.00 Co-ordinator’s e-mail address: [email protected]:Labor S.r.l. (Italy)Institute of Fundamental Technological Research (Polish) Academy ofSciences (Poland)Technology centre AS CR / Czech Academy of Sciences (Czech Republich)

BIC Bratislava, spol. S.r.o. (Slovakia)Institute of Power Engineering (Poland)Energy Centre Bratislava (Slovakia)Enviros s.r.o. (Czech Republich)Technical Support for European Organisations Sprl (Belgium)University of Rome “Tor Vergata” – Dept. of Enterprise Engineering (Italy)

35

National Posters

36

Hydrogen in Belgium? Within the Belgian energy policy the knowledge on hydrogen is rather limited

and this project intends to be the first step in a scientific assessment of hydrogen in the Belgian context.

Main goalsMaking available the international know-ledge on hydrogen in databases and deve-lopment of tools (technic-economic model)and opinions (technology assessment) inorder to be able to assess the role ofhydrogen in Belgium in the future.

Expected results• databases with international knowledge

and experiences on hydrogen• hydrogen module within Markal, illustrated

by scenario• calculations initial technology assessment

on hydrogen, focussed on the scenario• evaluation of legislation on hydrogen• definition of relevant policy issues

concerning hydrogen

Hydrogen, Databases, MARKAL-TIMES, Technology Assessment, Legislation

Funded by: Belgian Science PolicyProgramme: Scientific support plan for a sustainabledevelopment policy (SPSD II)

Projected total cost: 0.33m €Co-ordinator’s e-mail address: [email protected]: 3E, KUL - ETE, ULg - Chimie Industrielle, Vito

Title: Development of tools to evaluate the potential of sustainable hydrogen in Belgium


source Air Liquide

source E-Vision

37

The Finnish National SOFC Development program

Wärtsilä Corporation is developing 50 kW-5 MW SOFC power units for stationary powerand ships APU applications. These units are planned to be introduced

to the market during the period 2007-2015 with increasing unit sizes. This work is sup-ported by a national R&D program with close relations to European activities. The pro-gram develops systems, fuel processors, balance of plant components and modelling

tools. The stacks and cells are obtained from European partners by bilateral cooperation and is based on European cell development.

Main goals• The objectives of the national programme is to

generate new business for the Finnish industry• The program aims at developing SOFC based

products and related technologies • The focus is on SOFC system development

and integration• The work is based on the wide expertise in the

Finnish metal and energy technology clusters.• The primary development areas are in integration

of CHP systems, process automation and power electronics

The public component of the programme is the FINSOFC project. It is a part of the DENSY - Distributed energy systemstechnology programme 2003-2007 financed by Tekes (The national Technology Agency, www.tekes.fi). Duration 2002-2006 - Project total cost 6 m€

FINSOFC coordinator [email protected] - FINSOFC web site http://www.vtt.fi/pro/pro2/pro26eng/sofc.htmProgram contact: [email protected]ärtsilä contact: [email protected]

FINSOFC partners: National Technology Agency (Tekes), Helsinki University of Technology, Wärtsilä, Fortum, Verteco,Patria Vehicles, Gasum, The Finnish Gas Association, EON Finland, Helsinki Energy, Hamina Energy, Joroinen Energy


38

The Fuel Cell and HydrogenNetwork Nordrhein-Westfalen

Exchangeable and Portable Hydrogen Cartridge• Storage volume 2 litres• Storage pressure 700 bar• Hydrogen content: 90 grams• Energy content: 3 kWh• Tank material: • Stainless steel liner

• Carbon fibre coating• Safety valve integrated in bottle neck

• Total weight: < 3.5 kg• Prototype expected for May2005• Project leader: Operathing GmbH, Hürth

• Bottles: Dynetek Germany GmbH, Ratingen

700 bar Re-filling Station• Location: Chemical Park

Marl at the northernborder of the Ruhr

• Starting Capacity:100 bottles per charge and day

• Final Capacity: 800 bottles per day

• Filling Pressure: 700 bar• Start-up:

before Summer 2005• Filling, Distribution and Logistics:

Air Liquide Germany

Establishment of a hydrogen infrastructure forportable and small mobile fuel cell applications

Objectives of the Fuel Celland Hydrogen Network:

• Development of the fuel cell and of adapted sys-tem components accom-panied by a targeted basic research

• Introduction of the fuel cell into early markets asbridges for the mass market

• Establishment of a ready-to-market and sustainable hydrogen energy economy

• Positioning of Nordrhein-Westfalen as an interna-

tionally recognized location for the fuel cell and hydrogentechnologyActivities and services:Initiation of Co-operative and single projects• Project determination, procurement of partners,

assistance for realisation, initial advice on funding

Internationalisation• Trips as parts of delegations with entrepreneurs,

collaboration with international institutions, contactswith international fuel cell initiatives, embedding of NRW’s activities into the international context

Information and Communication

• Specialist Conferences, co-operation exchange, internet platform, news-letter, working groups

Public Relations• Internet homepage, joint presentations on trade

fairs, industries atlas, publications in the technical media

Settlement• Initial consultancy, procurement of further contacts,

acquisition of companies willing to settle

Qualification• Workshops, learning platforms, companyvisits,

scholar and student competitions

The total volume of this project is ca. 480.000 €. 45 % or ca. 214.000 € are funded by the State of NRW (no EU co-financing).

Contact:Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Network NRW Haroldstraße 4 - D- 40213 DüsseldorfTél.: +49 2 11 - 8 66 42 - 0 - Fax: +49 2 11 - 8 66 42 - 22 - E-Mail: [email protected] - www.fuelcell-nrw.de


39

Clean Energy Partnership (CEP) – Staying mobile

with hydrogenThe Clean Energy Partnership (CEP) is a consortium of nine international corporate partners. The demonstration project shows the everyday reliability of hydrogen for transportation purposes:

A public hydrogen filling station integratedinto a conventional filling station was ope-ned in Berlin/Germany on November 12th,2004.

On site, different methods of hydrogen pro-duction and supply are being demonstrated.16 hydrogen passenger cars powered bymodified combustion engines or fuel cellsare driven by costumers in Berlin.

CleanHydrogen produced from clean energy sour-ces such as hydroelectric and wind powerreduces greenhouse gas emissions;

EnergyGaseous hydrogen generated directly at thefilling station by electrolysis of water; liquidhydrogen delivered in tank vehicles;

The Clean Energy Partnership runs the lar-gest European demonstration project for thedevelopment of an innovative hydrogen trans-port infrastructure.

The key impact of the Clean EnergyPartnership is in the application of innova-tive technologies within a public-privatepartnership. Within the framework of the"Sustainable Energy Strategy for Germany" asum of EUR 33 million has been invested inthe CEP by the partners and the GermanFederal Government. The demonstration pro-ject is planned to last for four years.

PartnershipConsortium of nine international corporatepartners: Aral, BMW, Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG),DaimlerChrysler, Ford, GM/Opel, Hydro/GHW,Linde, Vattenfall Europe; supported by the German FederalGovernment as part of its national sustaina-bility strategy.

40

Prepared for the Future: Fuel Cell Education and Training Centre

Ulm, GermanyThe new Fuel Cell Education and Training Centre Ulm (WBZU) is located next to the Centreof Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research (ZSW) in the city of Ulm in southern Germany. It is run by a registered non-profit society with well-known part-ners from industry, trade, universities and research-centres. The project is supported by the ministry of economics of thestate of Baden-Württemberg (WM-BW) and the federal ministryof economics and labour (BMWA) with a total of approximately5 Million Euro. Since the foundation of the association in 2002several training-courses and workshops have been carried out.With the opening of WBZU´s new building in autumn 2004 prac-tical trainings are held in a larger scale.

Main goalsThe focus of the centre is to offer information andtraining courses concerning fuel cells. The coursesare especially adapted for technicians, engineers,scientists and students. To ensure hands on tech-nology and practical training, different fuel-cell tes-ting systems are featured. Systems for the PEFC,DMFC, MCFC and the SOFC are available.

Our Services• Education and Training: FC seminars, workshops

and information-days for different target-groups• Information: FC online info-system, documentation

of WBZU-seminars• Demonstration: Running and documentation of

FC testing-systems and applications• Consulting: Stimulation of the know-how

transfer from “science” to “operators”

Projected total cost (m€):Federal ministry of economics and labour (BMWA):1.5Mio. EURMinistry of economics of the state of Baden-Württemberg:3.3Mio. EURCo-ordinator’s e-mail address: Prof. Dr. Jürgen Garche, Dr.Ludwig Jörissen and Thomas Aigle [email protected] web site – URL address: www.wbzu.de

Partners:36 Members of WBZU-Society, amongst other:DaimlerChrysler AG, Ballard Power Systems AG,Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co, Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung,Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR),Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE

Weiterbildungszentrum Brennstoffzelle Ulm e.V. (Fuel Cell Education and Training Centre)


WBZU´s new building in Ulm, Germany

Technicians working on a model of a stationary 2kW PEFC-Unit (Fraunhofer ISE-Freiburg, ZSW-Ulm)

Target-groups and services of WBZU

41

Fuel Cell Development in Germany

Programme Investment into the Future (ZIP)

• The Federal Governmentfunds fuel cell develop-ment with an annual budget of 15 M€/a.

• The Federal States of Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg and North-Rhine-Westphalia pro-vide funds in the same order to R&D projects on fuel cells.

• Further essential funds have been grantedby the Federal Government since 2001 under the “Programme Investment into theFuture” (ZIP).

• The Federal States Hesse, Lower Saxonia, Hamburg and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern have announced to fund fuel cell R&D projects in nearfuture.

• German companies and research institutes are very successfull in winning EC-funded projects.

• Additional money is spent by German com-panies for projects without governmental funding.

• German companies and research institutes participate actively in HFP and IPHE.

ZIP was initiated in 2001 with the aim tosupport technical development of fuel cells,to strengthen the German position on theinternational market and to stimulate themarket.The following projects have been funded:

CHP for residential buildings: 9 projects with 18 M€

250 kW-block power plants: 10 projects with 17 M€

Mobile applications: 10 projects with 11,6 M€

Standardisation, education, safety: 13 projects with 8 M€

The results are promising.They have been presentedin November 2004 andwill be published at

www.bmwa.bund.de

42

High efficient electricity generation from

waste hydrogen using fuel cellsAmersfoort/Arnhem, January 14, 2005 - NedStack Fuel Cell Technology and Akzo Nobel BaseChemicals report successful start-up and operation of a PEM fuel cell system in Akzo Nobel’schlorine electrolysis pilot plant. Measured electric efficiency of the fuel cells in this “real life”condition is 61,8%. Installation and operation of the pilot-plant is the first step in the develop-ment of a 50 MW fuel cell power plant. The pilot plant will be located in Rotterdam, the largestindustrial area in the Netherlands.

The Pem Power Plant project started January 1st, 2004 by NedStack fuel cell technology BV andAkzo Nobel Base Chemicals.

Main goals Waste hydrogen released in a chemical productionprocess efficiently produces electricity by usingfuel cells. As result the process takes 20 % lesselectricity! This means an annual saving of 338 million kWh!By-products are: clean water (H2O) and heat.

Plant SpecificationsSystem efficiency > 60 %• 2000 stacks of 100 kWe peak and• 25 kW nominal• Power modules of 20 MW peak and 5 MW nominal

power• Stack life expectancy:

40.000 hours

Maintenance free• Costs: 250,00/kWe and • 0,01/kWh

The technology developed in this project can beapplied at different places in industry when hydro-gen is released as by-product. In addition, these fuel cell stacks, developed forthe PEM PowerPlant are suitable for application intransportation; e.g., in fuel cell busses. In this waythe developments contribute to the transition to asustainable hydrogen economy.

PEM POWERPLANT - Electricity generation from waste hydrogen using fuel cells*Instrument note: * The PemPowerPlant project is being subsidised by the DutchMinistry of Economic Affairs through SenterNovem via the program Energysaving by Innovation (EdI).

Projected total cost (m€): 3 (first phase)

Co-ordinator’s e-mail address: [email protected]

Project web site – URL address:

www.NedStack.com and www.basechemicals.com

Partners: Nedstack and Akzo Nobel


Sketch of a 5 MW PEMFC power module

43

Utsira – demonstration of a hydrogen society!

At Utsira – a windy island off the Norwegian west coast – hydrogen is giving renewable wind poweradded value. Hydrogen is produced by surplus wind energy with electrolysis and stored.

With no wind or too much wind, the wind power supply is interrupted. Power is then produced with stored hydrogen in a hydrogen ICE generator and fuel cell. In this demonstration project, from 2004 – 2006, 10 households get their entire power supply for lightning and heating from

the unique renewable system. Surplus energy is sold in the market and supplies the 240 islanders.

Purpose: Demonstrate how renewableenergy and hydrogen can provide safeand efficient energy supply to isolatedareas Goals: Full scale demonstration andtesting of a wind - hydrogen energysystem Grid provider: Haugaland kraftPerspective: Test of system for 18months +Project approach: Utsira has a verysupportive population for a uniquerenewable energy project and excellentwind conditions – the first year measu-red to an average of 8,5 m/sec.

1. With normal prevailing winds the 2 Enercon E40 wind turbines produce sufficient energy for the 240 islanders. A flywheel and a motor synchronous machine ensure that the power is delivered to the customers at expected quality. Only one of the turbines is connected to the autonomous system. Surplus energy is used to produce hydrogen with a Hydro electrolyser. The hydrogen is compressed to 200 barand up to 2400 Nm3 hydrogen is stored in a pressure vesseland is available for power production to demand.

2. When there is too much or too little wind, the wind turbines stand still. The stored hydrogen is converted backto electricity by a hydrogen ICE generator set and a fuel cell.

3. When there is some wind, but not enough power produc-tion to meet peak energydemand, the wind turbinesproduction is supported by the fuel cells and thehydrogen generator set. The flywheel and mastersynchronous machine arebridging stable power sup-ply to the customers.

4. Surplus electricity beyondthe demand of the householdsand the electrolyser, is sold inthe market, as from any otherpower station. One wind turbine is producingonly for the power market. Thus all islanders can benefitfrom the local wind power. In case of plant failure, the 10 households in the autono-mous system are alsoconnected to the ordinarygrid and can get their electri-city like all other customers.

It must be stressed, that Utsira is a very remote location -1,5 hours boat trip from the nearest city Haugesund - andwith rough weather conditions in the winter.

Norwegian authorities required archaeological excavations tobe performed at sites like the one at Utsira, prior to planterection. The archaeologists engaged by the project didindeed find a 10000 year old stone age settlement, so wemoved the site of the plant a little, in order to preserve thearchaeological site for the future.

Main components:Wind turbines – 2 ...................................... 600 kWFlywheel ...................................................... 5 kW/hMaster Synchronous Machine...................... 100kVAHydrogen engine .......................................... 55 kWFuel cell .....……………….................................... 10 kWElectrolyser ..........…..................... 10 Nm3/h, 48 kWCompressor ....................…...............….......... 5,5 kWHydrogen storage pressure vessel capacity .... 2400 Nm3

The Utsira project had a financial frame of 5 mill. Euro and was financed by the two partners Hydro and Enercon and by public funding. The public funding by Enova, an enterpriseunder the Ministry of Petroleum and Energy, the Norwegian Research Council (NRC) and the Norwegian Pollution Control Authority (SFT) was approximately 1 mill. Euro.


44

PACo French Fuel Cell Research and Innovation Network

About PACo networkPACo fuel cell network was founded in June 1999 to contribute to the French energy policyfor the development of new energy sources. Fuel cells have the potential to change the energy landscape due to their wide range of applications:• Portable: back-up power units, portable electronics (cell phones, PDAs, …)• Stationary: power for homes and remote locations, industrial facilities…• Transportation: buses, trucks, passenger vehicles, ships

Purposes of the network• Foster the creativity and invention needed

for the commercial development of fuel cells• Encourage public-private partnerships for

joint R&D activities and facilitate interdis-ciplinary cooperation

• Accelerate the progress of technology fromthe laboratory to the market

• Promote the emergence of a number of industrial activities

• Support funding of selected R&D projects (labelling decision)

Impacts of the PACo network• The network enabled the launching of a

real scientific and industrial activity in France• The key actors are clearly identified and

synergies exist between public and private entities

• R&D on fuel cells is better structured and knowledge is increased

• Some advances on R&D are observed through the projects, for examples:

- PEMFC: improved knowledge on degradation of polymer membranes, optimization of the active layer of electrodes, deve-lopment of resistant catalysts

- Micro fuel cells: manufacturing of MEMS fuel cells with high power density

- DEFC: development of catalysts working with ethanol at low temperature

• Two companies have made an entry into the fuel cell market

• Start ups have also emerged to develop compact fuel processors for fuel cell systems

• Fuel cell demonstrations for stationary appli-cations are undertaken on various French sites and others are in progress

OrganizationThe PACo network is guided by a high levelSteering Committee which identifies appropriateroutes for fuel cell development. It comprisesleading representatives from companies, govern-ment, universities and research institutes. Several governmental agencies have represen-tatives in the Board and provide funding tolabelled R&D projects (Ministries of Research,Industry and Transport, ADEME, ANVAR). The Coordination Team ensures the running ofthe network.

A fuel cell combines hydrogen and oxygen in a chemical reaction producing electricity, heat and water

45

Developing a Hydrogen and Fuel Cells IntegratedR&D Platform in Romania

The project, managed by National R&D Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies – ICSI Rm. Valcea, is networking nine R&D organizations acting in the area

of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Romania, in order to develop the Romanian capabilities in thisdomain and to reach the level permitting the connection with the European H&FC Platform.

The project is of Support Actions type.

Instrument: Support ActionsProjected total costs: 0.25 mCoordinator’s e-mail address: [email protected]

Title: Integrated research platform in the Energy field


Main goalsThe project target is to create a national R&D platform forHydrogen and Fuel Cells.

Objectives:• to ascertain the scientific and technological capabilities of

the partners involved in the H&FC field;• to determine the directions of the future development in

this field, in connection with the European strategy;• to increase the national H&FC platform scientific and tech-

nological capabilities in hydrogen and fuel cells technology :• to increase the national and European platform visibility.

We estimate that all the proposed objectives will highlyimprove the professional and communication opportunitiesof the researchers, the quality of the technological equip-ments of the platform, and strengthen the importance of theplatform at regional level and in the European framework ofresearch centers in hydrogen and fuel cells domain.

Project approachThe project is evolving a period of one year, from December2004 to December 2005, and its scope is to support theR&D lines in the H&FC field, which were already started bythe partners:• Hydrogen production via reforming;• Hydrogen storage on metal hydrides;• Hydrogen purification;• Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell;• Solid Oxide Fuel Cell.

The first stage of the project ascertained the scientific andtechnological capabilities of the partners in the mentioned R&Dlines and outlined their needs in order to connect their activitywith the European efforts and achievements in this field.

The second stage of the project will increase the technologi-cal capabilities of the partners by renewing and up-gradingtheir S&T equipments.

The third stage of the project deals with:• Consolidation and improvement of the professional skills and

communication opportunities offered to the researchers by:- training programs;- workshops.

• Increasing the national and European platform visibility by:- preparing the project

website under presentICIT web portal;

- creating a database covering the Hydrogen& Fuel Cells related organisations in Romania

The financial support, of 325,000 €, is provided by the Ministry of Education andResearch – 250,000 €, and by the partners themselves –75,000 €.

PartnersLeader of the Consortium:• National R&D Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic

Technologies – ICSI Rm. Valcea Members:National R&D Institutes:• National R-D Institute for Electrical Engineering-Advanced

Research, ICPE-CA, Bucharest• National R-D Institute for Materials Physics, Bucharest-

Magurele• National R-D Institute for Isotopic and Molecular

Technologies - ITIM, Cluj-Napoca• National R-D Institute of Technical Physics - IFT, IasiUniversities:• Petroleum and Gas University, Ploiesti • University „Politehnica” BucharestPrivate Companies:• ZECASIN SA Bucharest, • ICEMENERG SA Bucharest

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Switzerland some NationalHydrogen and Fuel Cell Projects

An important goal of the Swiss Hydrogen and FC programme is to make the R&D effortsvisible in demonstration objects, preferably in collaboration with industrial partners

in view of new markets:

The main focus in hydrogen R&D is in the production of hydrogen by:• Electrolysis (30 bar)• solar thermal processus (> 2000 °C, ZnO – cycle) • photoelectrolysis and in the hydrogen storage by:• pressure vessels• metal hydrides

The Fuel cell R&D is focused on PEFC and SOFCtechnology.

Main Topics in both technologies are:• basic materials research, characterization and

production• proton conducting membranes • cell and stack design• test procedures, in situ diagnostics• various modelling activities for components and

stacks up to total system aspects• databases for modellers

For further information contact:Dr. Alphons Hintermann - Head of the hydrogen and fuelcell programmes at SFOE Swiss Federal Office of Energy

[email protected] 3003 BernT: +41 31 323 56 54 F: +41 31 323 25 00


The R&D and demonstration activities are lead by SFOE. The total funding amounts up to 10 Mio CHF/y (mainly institu-tional). Additional public funding is provided by SFOE, CTI, SNF, BBW and cantonal agencies.

Many projects are brought into the International Energy Agency, some are part of FP5 or FP6.

PAC-Car (Shell Eco-marathon)400 W PEFC drive, 115 kg, < 40 km/h15 g hydrogen/100 km

ETH-Zürich/PSI www.imrt.ethz.ch/pac-car

Decentralised Energy SupplyFuel Cell Heating SystemsSOFC1 kWe, 2.5 kWth 350 kglifetime 5’000 h

Sulzer Hexiswww.hexis.comNew generations are in progress

Micro-SOFC as Batteryreplacement e.g. for cellular phones <1 W SOFC

ETH Zürich, EPF-L, NTB, ZHWwww.mat.ethz.ch

Water Electrolysisand Hydrogen Storageat 30 bar, 20’000 m3 H2

Djeva SA www.djeva.com

Photoelectrolysisfor Hydrogen Production

EPF Lausanne photochemistry.epfl.chUniversity of Geneva

Hydrogen Snow CatModified 6 piston otto engine 300 kg metal-hydride, 5 kg H2 storedUNI Fribourg, www.ifres.ch www.swissalps3000.ch

EIVD Yverdoniese.eivd.ch/hydroxy

Hydroxy 3000 boat3 kW PEFC drive1500 kg, 10 – 15 km/h

500 W EnergyCubeSOFC stack with SOFconnex Technology12 kg Demonstrator

HtceramixEPFL, EMPAwww.htceramix.ch

PEFC Stack 500 W, air cooled

SAM light car6 KW PEFC drive

HTI Biellabs.hti.bfh.ch/index.php?id=747

USV for GSM Station >1 kWPEFC battery replacement

HTA Luzernwww.hta.fhz.ch/institute/ipe/projekte.html

PEFC-braneLow cost high performance membrane

PSI :ene.web.psi.checl.web.psi.ch/groups.html

Hy-Light Car (Michelin)30 kW PEFC drive + SC

Power Pac System1 kW PEFC, water cooled

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Austrian Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Initiative

Contact: Dr. Andreas DordaAustrian Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology - email: [email protected]


• has a funding budget of 15 M¤ for the 2 years 2005and 2006.

• concentrates on mobile FC and H2 deployment and pursues potential synergies between R&D policyand transport policy.

• demands for interdisciplinary co-operation with at least 3 partners in the projects.

• provides a broad range of funding instruments (studies, basic research, applied research, demons-tration and pilot projects).

• includes funding of education and training, mobility of researchers, international R&D-co-operation with foreign partners in the projects.

• lays the focus in hydrogen production out of renewablesources.

• tries to establish interesting niches and includes also R&D activities beyond the actual main stream of research.

• developed a Vision focusing on 3 important (but not exclusive)

Objectives:

- Development of a high efficient electric powertrainas important element of an efficient overall system

- Propulsion systems using hydrogen from renewablesources

- Development of a fuel cell as auxiliary power unit

• emphasises international cooperation, as Austria is work package leader in the ERA-NET TRANSPORTwhere joint calls between national R&D programmesare pursued.

Overview on projects of retained after evaluation inthe call 2002:• PEM – Fuel Cell – Hybrid Vehicle• Development of Safe Liquid Hydrogen Tanks• Environmentally friendly urban bus and product deli

very traffic systems – clean fuels and zero emissionsin city centres

• "PRO-BZ": Education programme creating know howon fuel cell technologies

• Solid oxide fuel cell auxiliary power unit for mobile application

• Energy efficient climatisation of buses and trucks• "Quant B": Qualification and education of teachers

and technical personnel in the area of fuel cells andhigh performance batteries

• Direct hydrogen fuel cell module for vehicle drives and APU’s (5kW)

• "BZ-VIT": Fuel Cell: Network – Internationalisation - Transfer

Overview on projects of retained after evaluation inthe call 2004:• Severe plastic deformation of nano crystalline

magnesium as hydrogen storage• High-efficient APU based on microtubular SOFC

and diesel• SOFC and sorption cooling technology for transpor-

tation of refrigerated goods• New material, design and vehicle integration for

SOFC-APU• High temperature membrane electrode assemblies

for the automotive industry• Hydrogen as Future Automotive Energy Source• Integration of H2+FC-technology in scientific education• Creating awareness for H2+FC in the automotive

industry and linking it with international activities• High efficient bipolar PEM with polymer/carbonnano-

tubes by injection molding• Liquid hydrogen storage combining the vacuum

chamber with inner vessel suspension

DG ResearchDG Interpretation

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