Proceedings of the

1999 Joint Meeting of

The

EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUMand The

IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROLSYMPOSIUM

Sponsored by:

• The Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers, Inc.

(Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control Society)

• Region de Franche-Comte'

• Conseil General du Doubs

• Ville de Besancon

• Bureau National de Metrologie (BNM, Paris)

• Services de l'Etat (Prefecture, DRIRE)

IEEE Catalog No. 99CH36313

Library of Congres No. 87-654207

13-16 April 1999

MICROPOLIS

Besan§on, FRANCE

Volume 2

Fraunhofer Diffraction by Vibrating Optical Slits on the Surface of a NS-GT Cut

Quartz Crystal Resonator 505- S. Yamagata, Hokkaido University of Education, Japan and

H. Kawashima, Seiko Instrument Inc., Japan

Relations Between the Frequency-Temperature Dependence of the

Fundamental and Third Harmonic of AT-Cut Quartz Plates 510

- J. Zelenka, Technical University in Liberec, Czech Republic

Measurements of Interfacial Friction Using Quartz Crystal Resonators 514- A. Laschitsch and D. Johannsmann, Max-Planck-lnstitute

for Polymer Research, Germany

Analysis of Parametric Noise in Quartz Crystal Oscillators 518- L. Couteleau, R. Brendel, G. Marianneau, N. Ratier, LPMO, France

and P. Guillemot, CNES, France

Detecting Weak Modes in Rectangular Quartz Plates by Measuring Surface

Charges 522

- Y. Watanabe, T. Tanaka, S. Goka and H. Sekimoto,

Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan

Modifications Made To a Cots RB STD For Use Under Stressed OperatingConditions 526

- S.R. Cantor and M.J. DiFranza, The MITRE Corporation, USA,A. Stern, B. Levy and Y. Agam, Accubeat Ltd., Israel

Use of Plastics Parts in MIDS at MARCONI CNI 531

- K. K. Bahri, Marconi Aerospace Systems, USA

Plastic Encapsulated Microcircuits (PEMS) In the MIDS Program 536

- M. Dieumegard, Thomson-CSF Communications, France

PEMS they are Used Successfully In HI-REL Avionics 540

- J. Fink, Honeywell Commercial Aviation Commercial systems, USA

Temperature Control for SUB-10"16 Fractional Frequency Stability 544

- M. Oxborrow, C.C. Hodge, B. Radcliffe, National Physical Laboratory, UK

VOLUME 2

MICROWAVE OSCILLATORS AND MICROWAVE FREQUENCY SYNTHESIS

Stability and Phase Noise Tests of Two Cryo-Cooled Sapphire Oscillators 548

- G.J. Dick, and R.T. Wang, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA

Future Trends in the Development of Ultra-Low Noise Microwave Oscillators

with Interferometric Signal Processing 552

- E.N. Ivanov and M.E. Tobar, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands

A New Method for the Design of Ultra Low Noise Oscillators 557

- E. Vaury, J.C. Nallatamby, M. Prigent, J. Obregon, IRCOM,

V. Giordano, J. Groslambert, LPMO, M. Camiade, UMS,

O. Llopis, LAAS, F. Gonzalez and M. Chaubet, CNES, France

Performance Evaluation of Optoelectronic Oscillators 561

- S. Romisch, J. Kitching, L. Hollberg, and F.L. Walls, NIST,

USA and E. Ferre-Pikal, University of Wyoming, USA

xviii

Opto-Electronic Oscillator Incorporating Carrier Suppression Noise Reduction

Technique 565

- X.S. Yao and L. Maleki, J. Dick, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA

Suggestions for Finding Optimum Materials and Manufacturing Methods for

Metallic Microwave Cavity Resonators 567

- H. Eskelinen, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland

Measurements of Low-Loss Crystalline Materials for High-Q TemperatureStable Resonator Applications 573

- M. E. Tobar and J. G. Hartnett, E.N. Ivanov, Universityof Western Australia, Australia, J. Krupka, InstytutMikroelektroniki i Optoelektroniki PW, Poland,

R. G. Geyner, NIST, USA

Applications of Coupled Dielectric Resonators Using SrTi03 Pucks:

Tuneable Resonators and Novel Thermometry 577

- J.C. Gallop and L. Hao, National Physical Laboratory, UK

Compact Temperature-Compensated Cryogenic Whispering GalleryMode Resonator Operated at 63 K in a Closed Cycle Cooler 581

- L. Hao, J.C. Gallop, National Physical Laboratory, UK and

N. Klein, M. Winter, FZ, Germany

Thermal Stabilization of Microwave Sapphire Resonator References 585

- Y. Kersale, V. Giordano, F. Lardet-Vieudrin, I. Lajoie, LPMO,M. Chaubet, CNES, France

High-Q Whispering Gallery Travelling Wave Resonators for Oscillator FrequencyStabilisation 589

- M. E. Tobar, E. N. Ivanov, University of Western Australia,P. Blondy, D. Cros, P. Guillon, IRCOM, France

High-Q Si02 Whispering Gallery Mode Resonator 593

- V. Giordano, R. Barhaila, LPMO, France, D. Cros and

G. Duchiron, Institut de Recherche en Communications

Optiques et Microondes, France

Microwave Whispering Gallery Mode Dielectric Resonator Oscillator 597

- S.L. Badnikar, N. Shanmugam, Defense Electronics

Research Laboratory, and V.R.K. Murthy, HT, India

A Miniaturized Microwave Resonator for Rubidium Frequency Standards 601

- G.H. Mei and J.T. Liu, Chinese Academy of Science, P.R. of China

Continuous Frequency Control from 5 to 10 GHz of an Optical Oscillator 602

- O. Frazao, P. Tavares, J. Ferreira da Rocha,

University of Aveiro, A.F. Cunha, University of Aveiro,

Portugal and L. Ribeiro, University of Minho, Portugal

1.5-40 GHz Multifunctional Microwave Sampling Converter 604

- A. M. Schitov, Institute of Electronic Measurements, Russia

A Highly Stable, Phase Coherent, Wideband Microwave Synthesizer for

Radio Astronomy Applications 607

-G.H. Tan, Netherlands Foundation for Research

in Astronomy, The Netherlands

XIX

The Adiabatic Anti-Jitter Circuit 611- M.J. Underhiil, University of Surrey, UK

Cs Frequency Synthesis: A New Approach 615- A. S. Gupta, National Physical Laboratory, India,

D. Popovic, University of Belgrade, Yugoslavia,F. L. Walls, NIST, USA

OPTICAL FREQUENCY STANDARDS AND OPTICAL FREQUENCY SYNTHESIS

The Measurement of Large Optical Frequency Differences and the Designof a New Type of Frequency Chain 620

- Th. Udem, J. Reichert, R. Holzwarth, T. Hansen,

Max-Planck-Jnstitut fur Quantenoptik, Germany and

M. Kourogi, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan

Frequency Stability Limits of Optical Frequency Intervals in New Generation

Optical-to-Microwave Frequency Chains 626

- R.P. Kovacich, A.N. Luiten, University of Western Australia, Australia

Sub-Systems for Optical Frequency Measurements: Application

to the 282 NM 199HG+ Transition and the 657 NM CA Line 630

- B. Freeh, J.S. Wells, C.W. Oates, J. Mitchell,Y-P. Lan, T. Kurosu, L Zink, L. Hollberg, T. Zibrova,

B.C. Young, J.C. Bergquist, NIST, USA

Optical Frequency Synthesis 635- A.N. Luiten, and J.J. McFerran, R.P. Kovacich,

University of Western Australia, Australia

Generation of Coherent Optical Radiation By Electronic Means:

The Electro-Optical Parametric Oscillator 639

- A. Wolf and H.R. Telle, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Germany

Absolute Frequency Measurement In Mid Infrared 643

- G.D. Rovera, O. Acef, and A. Clairon, BNM-LPTF Observatoire de Paris, France

Optical Frequency Synthesis In The Near IR With Application To Trapped Ion

Standards 647

- S.N. Lea, G. Huang, H.S. Margolis,G.M. Macfarlane, P. Taylor, and P. Gill,National Physics Laboratory, UK

Phase Coherence In Optical Frequency Measurement and Synthesis 651

- G. Kramer, B. Lipphardt, U. Hiibner,

Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Germany

Measurement Methods of Frequency Noise In Optical Sources Based

on Fabry-Perot Discriminators 655

- E. Bava, G. Galzerano, and C. Svelto, Politecnico di Milano, Italy

Toward A 3:1 Frequency Divider Based on Parametric Oscillation Using

AgGaS2 and PPLN Crystals 659

- A. Douillet, and J. -J. Zondy, BNM-LPTF, France,

A. Yelisseyev, S. Lobanov, L. Isaenko, Siberian

branch of Russian Academy of Science, Russia

XX

Ultra-Stable Optical Frequencies For Space 663

- C.C. Hodge, H.A. Klein, National Physical

Laboratory, UK, D.J.E. Knight, DK Research,

UK, and L Maleki, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA

Fabry-Perot Resonator with Interferometric Read-Out For Low Noise

Applications 667

- M.E. Tobar, University of Western Australia, Australia

Development Towards A Space Qualified Laser Stabilization SystemIn Support of Space-Based Optical Interferometers 672

- D.J. Seidel and S. Dubovitsky, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA

199ng+ optical Frequency Standard: Progress Report 676

- R.J. Rafac, B.C. Young, F.C. Cruz, J.A. Beall,

J.C. Bergquist, W.M. Itano, and D.J. Wineland, NIST, USA

Towards an Indium Single-Ion Optical Clock 682

- E. Peik, J. Abel, Th. Becker, M. Fries, J.V. Zanthier,and H. Walther, Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Quantenoptikand Sektion Physik der Universitat, Germany

Development of an Optical Frequency Standard Based Upon the

2S-|/2-2D5/2Transition in Sr+ 686

- G.P. Barwood, P. Gill, G. Huang, and H.A. Klein, NPL, UK

Near-Recoil-Limited Temperatures Obtained by Laser Trapping on the

Narrow 1Srj"3Pi Intercombination Transition of Neutral Strontium 692

- K.R. Vogel, T.P. Dinneen, A. Gallagher, andJ.L. Hall, JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, USA

Probing Ca+ Ions in a Miniature Trap 696

- M. Knoop, M. Herbane, M. Houssin, T. Pawletko,M. Vedel, F. Vedel, Universite de Provence, France

The Optical Ca Frequency Standard 700

- F. Riehle, H. Schnatz, B. Lipphardt, G. Zinner,T. Trebst, T. Binnewies, G. Wilpers, and J. Helmcke,Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Germany

All-Diode-Laser Optical Frequency Standard Based on Laser-Trapped CaAtoms 706

- C.W. Oates, F. Bondu, and L. Hollberg, NIST, USA

Present Performance of the Transportable HE-NE/CH4 Optical FrequencyStandards 710

- M. Gubin, A. Shelkovnikov, E. Kovalchuk, D. Krylova,E. Petrukhin, D. Tyurikov, P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russia

Performances of OSO4 Stabilized CO2 Lasers As Optical FrequencyStandards Near 29 THz 714

- F. Ducos, G.D. Rovera, C. Daussy, O. Acef,BNM-LPTF Observatoire de Paris, France

XXI

Single Ion Spectroscopy of Ytterbium 718- M. Roberts, P. Taylor, and P. Gill, National

Physical Laboratory, UK

Cs-Referenced Optical Frequency Measurement of the Single, TrappedSr+ Ion Standard at 445 THz 722

- J.E. Bernard, A.A Madej, L. Marmet, K.J. Siemsen,and B.G. Whitford, Institute for National Measurement

Standards, NRC, Canada

Progress in the Development of an Optical Frequency Standard at 192.6 THz

Based on a Two-Photon Transition of Rubidium Atoms at Laval University 726

- C. Latrasse, M. Poulin, D. Touahri, M. Allard and

M. Tetu, University Laval, Canada

Experimental Characterization of FM Spectroscopy of 127I2AT at 532 nm

Using a Frequency-Doubled Nd:YAG LASER 730- G. Galzerano, C. Svelto, P. Ceriani, L. Re, E. Bava, Politechnico di Milano

and F. Bertinetto, Istituto di Metrologia Gustavo Colonnetti, Italy

Compact, Broadly Tunable Mid-IR Source for the SpectroscopicInvestigation of Molecular Reference Lines in the 27 to 33 THz Range 734

- T. Kaing, J.-J. Zondy, BNM-LPTF, France,P. Yelisseyev, S. Lobanov and L. Isaenko, DTIM, Russia

Toward the Realization of a Frequency Standard at 1.5 u.m on

Narrow-Linewidth Erbium Lasers and Saturated Acetylene Lines 738

- A. Onae, National Research Laboratory of Metrology, JapanC. Svelto, G. Galzerano, E. Bava, Politecnico

di Milano, Italy, K. Nakagawa, University of Electro-

Communications, Japan, S. Taccheo and P. Laporta,Politecnico di Milano, Italy

Absolute Frequency Measurements with a Set of Transportable methane

Optical Frequency Standards 742

- O. Acef, A. Clairon, G.D. Rovera, F. Ducos, L. Hilico, BNM-LPTF,G. Kramer, B. Lipphardt, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Germany, A. Shelkovnikov,E. Kovalchuk, E. Petrukhin, D. Tyurikov, M. Petrovskiy,M. Gubin, Lebedev Physical Institute, Russia, R. Felder,

BIPM, France, P. Gill and S. Lea, National Physical Laboratory, UK

PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS. RESONATOR THEORY. DESIGN AND

ANALYSIS

Contribution to the Determination of High-Order Elastic Stiffnesses

from the Measurement of BT-Cut Quartz Resonators 746

- J. Nosek, L. Kretschmerova, P. Kretschmer, Technical

University of Liberec, Czech Republic

Calculations of Parameters of BAW Microwave Composite Resonators 750

- B. Dulmet, ENSMM/LCEP, France, G. D. Mansfeld,Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Russia

XXII

Extensional Vibrations of Piezoelectric Crystal Plates and Strips 754

- P.C.Y. Lee, and N.P. Edwards, Princeton University, USA

Synthetic Modeling of Quartz Crystal Oscillator 758

- R. Brendel, N. Ratier, L. Couteleau, G. Marianneau,F. Lardet-Vieudrin, LPMO/C.N.R.S., P. Guillemot, CNES, France

Investigation of Excitation Circuit Influence on Crystal Oscillator

F-T Curve Local Disturbances 762

- A. Lepetaev, A. Kosykh, Omsk State Engineering University, Russia

Characterization of Low-Dislocation Synthetic Quartz Grown on HighlyDistorted Seed by X-Ray Topography 766

- A.H. Shinohara, M.C. lano, C.K. Suzuki, University of

Campinas, Brazil and Y. Mikawa, Fine Crystal Co., Ltd., Japan

High Voitage Diffusion Along Z- and X-Axes on Quartz Crystal 769

- M. Smaali, J. J. Boy, and J. B. Briot, ENSMM/LCEP, France

New Technique To Decrease Dislocations In Synthetic Quartz Crystal 773

- Y. Mikawa, M. Hatanaka, and Y. Banno, Fine Crystals Co., LTD, Japan

Hydrogen and Its Radiation Effects In Quartz Crystals 777

- H. Bahadur, National Physical Laboratory, India

Mathematical Model for Computer Simulation of Quartz Hydrothermal Growth 781

- M. A. Arkhipov, Scientific Production Company Goodwill, Russia

Isochronism Defect For Various Doubly Rotated Cut Quartz Resonators 784

- N. Gufflet, R. Bourquin, J. J. Boy, ENSMM/LCEP, France

A Layerwise Plate Theory for the Vibrations of Electroded Crystal Plates 788

- J. Wang, J.D. Yu, Epson Polo Alto Laboratory, USA,Y.K. Yong, Dept. Civil & Environmental Eng. USA,T. Imai, Seiko Epson Corp., Japan

Relationship Between Quartz Crystal Orientation and the Surface QualityObtained By Ultrasonic Machining 792

- P. L. Guzzo, A. A. Raslan, J.D.B. DeMello, Universidade

Federal de Uberlandia, Brazil

Trapped-Energy Vibratory Gyroscopes Using Rotated Y-Cut LiNb03 796

- K. Nakamura and M. Ohsaki, Tohoku University, Japan

Internal Stress In Sputtered Gold Electrodes and Its Significance for Quartz

Resonators 800- G. Thornell, F. Ericson, Uppsala University,

G. Portnoff, Quartz Pro AB, Sweden

Direct Bonding for True All Quartz Package and New Resonator Designs 804

- O. Vallin and P. Rangsten, Uppsala University, Sweden

Batch Fabrication of AT-Cut Crystal Resonators up To 200 MHz 807- C. Wuthrich, Asulab, S.D. Piazza, B. Studer, and

U. Ruedi, Micro Crystal, Switzerland

XXlll

A Comprehensive Mapping of Surface Acoustic Wave Properties onGallium Orthophosphate (GaP04) 811

- E.H. Briot, E. Bigler, W. Daniau, G. Marianneau,A. Pakfar, LPMO/CNRS, France

Langasite, Langanite, and Langatate Resonators: Recent Results 816- R. C. Smythe, R. C. Helmbold, G. E. Hague, and

K. A. Snow, Piezo Technology, USA

Growth of High Quality Single Domain Crystals of LangasiteFamily Compounds 821

- B. Chai, H. Qiu, Y. Y. Ji, and J.L. Lefaucheur, Crystal Photonics Inc., USA

Synthesis, Growth and Some Properties of Single Crystals with the

Ca3Ga2Ge40i4 Structure 829

- B. V. Mill, E. L. Belokoneva, Moscow State University,Y. V. Pisarevsky, Institute of Crystallography, MoscowState University, Russia

Langasite: What Temperature Coefficients of Material Constants are

Correct? 835

- R. M. Taziev, Institute of Semiconductors Physics, Russia

Investigation of Phase Forming at Synthesis of Langasite-Piezoelectric 839

- M. F. Dubovik, T. I. Korshikova, Institute for SingleCrystals of NAS Ukraine, O. M. Proskurnya,Government Politechnical University

Modern State and Perspectives of Bulk Acoustic Wave Composite Resonators 843

- G. D. Mansfeld, Institute of Radioengineering and

Electronics, Russia

Some Applications of a Stereographic Analysis of Etching Shapes for

Structures Micro-Machined in Singly and Doubly Rotated Quartz

Plates 847

- C. R. Tellier and T. G. Leblois, ENSMM, France

Complete X-Ray Orientation Determination of Quartz Bars UsingA Small Scanning Range 851

- H. Berger, H. Bradaczek, and G. Hildebrandt, EFG

International Berlin Research Center, Germany

SAW AND STW DEVICES

Theoretical Analysis of the Second Stop-Band of Rayleigh Waves

Propagation on Periodically Corrugated Anisotropic Substrates 855

- B. Dulmet, H. Watchueng, J-B. Briot, LCEP/ENSMM, France

Scattering Matrix Approach to One Port SAW Resonators 859

- W. Soluch, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Poland

Characterization of Single-Port Surface Transverse Wave Resonators in the

Lower GHz Range 863

- I.D. Avramov, Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgaria

XC1V

Theoretical and Experimental Evidence for Superior Intrinsic Q of STW

Devices on Rotated Y-Cut Quartz 867

- J.A. Kosinski, R. Pastore, U.S. Army CECOM, USA,

and I.D. Avramov, Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgaria

Sensitivity of STW Resonators to Radial in-Plane Stress Effects: Theory and

Experiments871

- S. Ballandras, W. Daniau, E.H. Briot, G. Marianneau,

G. Martin, Universite de Franche-Comte\ France

Design of STW Resonators on Langasite Using Experimentally Determined

COM Parameters 875

- I. S. Mitrofanov, A. V. Perevalov, Avangard-Elionica Co., Russia,

and E. Bigler, LPMO/CNRS, France

Low-Loss Dect-lf SAW Filters Without Matching Networks 879

- S. A. Dobershtein, and V.A. Malyukhov, ONIIP, Russia

Experimental Measurements of Velocities and Temperature Effects for

SAW on Y-Rotated and X-Cuts of Langasite 883

- E.H. Briot, E. Bigler, S. Ballandras, G. Marianneau, LPMO/CNRS,

and M. Solal, Thomson Microsonics, France

Dispersion of SAW Velocity and Transformation of SAW Into the Bulk Waves

in Reflective Gratings 887

- V. F. Dmitriev, SP&TC Leninetz, and I. S. Mitrofanov,

Avangard-Elionica Co., Russia

The Design Verification Module For a SAW Design Automation System 891

- M. J. McCollister, and S. M. Richie, University of Central Florida, USA

The Effect of Diffraction on the Dispersive Delay Lines Performance 895

- A. Milewski, and S. Gawor, Tele-and Radio Research Institute, Poland

Design of SAW Filters with Two Apodised In-Line Transducers on Quartz 899

- J. Renger and B. Wall, Vectron International, Germany

Acoustooptic Method For Measurements of SAW Steering Beam Angleand SAW Velocity in an Anisotropic Solid 903

- A. V. Tsarev, and E. A. Kolosovsky, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia

LSAW Attenuation in Double-Layer-Systems 907

- P. Wallner, W. Ruile, Siemens AG, Germany, and

R. Weigel, Universitat Linz, Austria

GHz-Range Surface Acoustic Wave Low Loss Filter at Super Low Temperature 911- K. Yamanouchi, H. Nakagawa, and H. Odagawa, Tohoku University, Japan

Frequency-Temperature Effects in Three-Dimensional Surface Acoustic

Wave Periodic Structures 915- Y-K. Yong, Rutgers University, USA, and S. Kanna, Seiko Epson, Japan

Swept Frequency Acoustic Time Domain Reflection Measurements 922- S.K. Frederick, and M. Chou, and

D. C. Malocha, University of Central Florida, USA

XXV

Design and Fabrication Technology of Low Loss and High FrequencySAW Devices For Mobile Radio Phones 926

- J. Yamada, Hitachi Ltd., Japan

Reflector-Filter Using An SAW Waveguide Directional Coupler For IF

Applications in CDMA System 932- J. Tsutsumi, T. Matsuda, O. Ikata, Y. Satoh, Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd., Japan

4-Pole SAW Coupled-Resonator Filters With Solely Acoustic Proximity Coupling 936

- T. W. Johannes, Siemens AG, Germany

An SAW Filter Employing Weighted Reflectors and a Multi-Strip Coupler 941- Y. Kaneda, Fujitsu Media Devices Limited, M. Tajima, Chiba University,

T. Omori, K. Hashimoto, M. Yamaguchi, J. Tsutsumi, O. Ikata, andY. Satoh, Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd., Japan

A Mixed Transverse Modes and Angular Spectrum of Waves Model For the

Analysis of SAW Transversely Coupled Resonator Filters 945

- M. Solal, Thomson Microsonics, France

The Use of Design of Experiments for the Optimization of Deposited Glass

on SAW Filters 950- F.S. Hickernell and H.D. Knuth, Motorola Systems Solutions Group, USA

Nonequidistant Uniform-Beam-Profile IDTS in Broadband SAW Filters 954

- E.V. Bausk and E.A. Kolosovsky, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia

Leaky SAW Branches Coupled with Oblique Acoustic Axes in Trigonal Crystals 958

- V.G. Mozhaev, Moscow State University, Russia,F. Bosia and M. Weihnacht, Institut fur Festkorper-undWerkstofforschung, Germany

On the Excitation of Surface and Pseudo-Surface Quasi-Bulk Waves 962

- A.N. Darinskii, Institute of Crystallography andN.F. Naumenko, Moscow Steel and Alloys Institute, Russia

SENSORS AND ACTUATORS

The Dissipative QCM-D Technique: Interracial Phenomena and Sensor

Applications for Proteins, Biomembranes, Living Cells and Polymers •. 966

- F. Hook, C. Keller, K. Glasmastar, B. Kasemo, University of

Technology and Goteborg University, Sweden,M. Rodahl, C. Fredriksson, P. Dahlqvist, Q-Sense AB, Sweden

Surface Acoustic Wave-Based Sensors Using Mode Conversion in an

Array of Periodic Gratings 973

- F. Bender, R. Dahint, Universitaet Heidelberg, Germany, and

F. Josse, Marquette University, USA

Acoustic Emission Sensor for Identification of Chemical Reactions 978

- R.M. Lee, P.A. Lewin, S.W. Bang, S. Goel, S. Kwoun,

E. Radulescu, Drexel University, USA,M. Musavi, University of Maine, USA

XXVI

Effects of a Liquid Layer on Thickness-Shear Vibrations of Rectangular

AT-Cut Quartz Plates 983

- P. C. Y. Lee, and R. Huang, Princeton University, USA

Signal Amplification with Multilayer Arrangements on Chemical

Quartz-Crystal-Resonator-Sensors 987

- R. Lucklum, C. Behling, and P. Hauptmann, Otto-Von-Guericke

University, Germany

Gas Phase Chemical Detection with an Integrated Chemical Analysis System 991

- S. A. Casalnuovo, G. C. Frye-Mason, R. J. Kottenstette,

E. J. Heller, C. M. Matzke, P. R. Lewis, R. P. Manginell,S.V. Hietala, W. K. Schubert, V.M. Hietala and D.Y. Sasaki, J.L. Reno,

Sandia National Laboratories, USA

The Use of Dextran as an Intermediate Layer: A New Approach Towards

SAW Based Biosensors 997

- N. Barie, M. Rapp, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Germany,

and H. Sigrist, Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique, Switzerland

Sensing of Organic Vapor Adsorption on Gold Using a Temperature Insensitive

Microbalance 1001

- Y. Kim, U.S. Army Communication-Electronics Command, USA

and D.E. Pierce, William Paterson University, USA

Latex Piezoelectric Immunoassay: It's Application for Clinical and

Environmental Analysis 1005

- S. Kurosawa, C. Nakamura, H. Aizawa, J. Miyake, National Institute

for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, N. Minoura, National Institute

of Materials and Chemical Research, M. Muratsugu, Osaka Prefectural

College of Health Sciences, M. Yoshimoto, Kagoshima Univerisity,N. Kamo, Hokkaido University, Japan

Chemical Identification Using Internal Friction and Frequency Measurements

on a Polymer Coated Resonator 1009

- R.A, Kant, C.L. Daly, H.D. Wu, Naval Research Laboratory, USA

Wirelessly Interrogable Acoustic Sensors 1013

- F. Seifert, A. Pohl, R. Steindl, University of Technology, Austria,

L. Reindl, Siemens Corporate Research, Germany, M.J. Vellekoop,B. Jakoby, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands

Long-Term Stability and Performance Characteristics of Crystals Quartz

Gauge at High Pressures and Temperatures 1019

- N. Matsumoto, Y. Sudo, M. Niwa, Schlumberger, Japan, andB. Sinha, Schlumberger-Doll Research, USA

Solving the Cable Problem Between Crystal Sensor and Electronics by Useof a Balanced Bridge Oscillator Circuit 1023

- E. Benes, M. Schmid, M. Groschl, P. Berlinger, H. Nowotny,Vienna University of Technology, Austria, and K.C. Harms, AVL, Austria

Identification with SAW Devices in Passive Remote Telemetry Systems 1027

- W. Buff, J. Ehrenpfordt, St.Klett, M. Rusko, M. Goroll,Technical University of llmenau, Germany

xxvii

State of the Art in Signal Processing for Wireless SAW Sensing 1031- A. Pohl, University of Technology, Austria

The Interoferometric Frequency Measurement with Variable Acousto-

Optic Delay Line 1037- V.V. Kludzin, S.V. Kulakov, V.V. Molotok and L.N. Preslenev,

St. Petersburg State University, Russia

The Via Vibrating Beam Accelerometer: A New Quartz Micromachined Sensor 1041

- 0. Le Traon, F. Deyzac, D. Janiaud, and S. Muller, ONERA, France

Quartz Resonant Micro-Structures as Sensing Elements for Temperature Sensors 1045- T.G. Leblois and C.R. Tellier, LCEP/ENSMM, France

Quartz Microresonator Temperature Sensors Using Lame-Mode 1049

- H. Kawashima, Seiko Instruments Inc., and H. Kanie, Science

University of Tokyo, Japan, S.Yamagata, Hokkaido University, Japan

The Principle of Pressure-Temperature Transducer of Quartz Crystal Resonator 1054

- R.G. Jia, University of Petroleum, China

ALC Crystal Oscillators Based Pressure and Temperature IntegratedMeasurement System for High Temperature Oil Well Applications 1058

- R.A. Bianchi, J.M. Karam and B. Courtois, TIMA Laboratory, France

Microwave Oscillator as a Sensor of Electrophysics Flow Parameters 1062

- V.V. Boloznev, and E.V. Safonova, Tupolev Kazan State

Technical University, Russia

Propagation of LAMB Waves in 1-3 Piezocomposite Bordered by Liquids 1066

- F. Teston, G. Feuillard, M. Lethiecq, LUSSI/GIP, France

Piezoelectric Hydrogen Sensor on the Base of W03-Pd Films 1070

- I.A. Ges and B.A. Budkevich, Belarus National Academy of Sciences, Belarus

Optimization of Sensing Film for Quartz Crystal Microbalance Odor Sensor

Using Self-Assembly Deposition Method "1074

- A. Saitoh, T. Nomura, Shibaura Institute of Technology, S. Munoz

and T. Moriizumi, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan

Methods of Harmful Effects Limitation in SAW Gas Sensors 1078

- J. Hechner, W. Soluch and T. Wr6bel, Institute of Electronic

Materials Technology, Poland

Surface Acoustic Wave Vapor Sensor Using Ultrathin Multilayer Films 1082

- T. Nomura, A. Saitoh, Shibaura Institute of Technology and

S. Furukawa, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan

An Attempt for NH3 Detection Based on Quartz Resonator with Thin Sn02 Film 1086

- V. Georgieva, L. Spassov, V. Georgiev, Institute of Solid

State Physics, Bulgaria

Automatic Ultrasonic Measurement of Sound Velocity in Liquids by a

Phase-Locked Loop Method 1089

- K. Ikeda, Shinshu University, Japan

xxviii

NOISE AND OTHER STABILITY ISSUES

Total Variance Explained 1093

- D.A. Howe, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA

Noise Predictions for Optoelectronic Oscillators Using Different Models 1100

- S. Romisch, and A. DeMarchi, Politecnico di Torino, Italy

A Practical Method to Process Time and Frequency Signal 1105- W. Zhou, Z. Li, Xidian University, P.R. China

Estimation of the Power Spectral Density of phase: Comparison of

Three Methods 1109- F. Vernotte, Observatoire de Besancon, France

Limited Live-Time Measurements of Frequency Stability 1113- D. A. Howe, and E. E. Hagn, National Institute of Standardsand Technology, USA

Phase Noise Evaluation Digital Algorithm for Precision Oscillations 1117- D.V. Bogomolov and D.S. Ochkov, "Radiophyzika" Joint Stock

Company, Russia

Direct Approach to MTIE Calculation 1121- A. Dobrogowski and M. Kasznia, Poznan University of Technology, Poland

Correlation-Based Noise Measurements Below the Thermal Noise Floor 1125- E. Rubiola, Politecnico di Torino, Italy and V. Giordano, LPMO CNRS, France

Characterization of Phase Error Using Gray Dynamic Model 1129- C-H. Chang and C-S. Liao, National Standard Time & Frequency

Laboratory, USA

Correlation of Frequency Hopped VCO Phase Settling to Varactor

Transient Capacitance 1133- LA. Mallette, M.J. Delaney, S. Killman and T. Folk, B. Wong, Hughes Spaceand Communications, USA

Spurious Signals in Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers Due to thePhase Truncation

1138- V.F. Kroupa, V. Cizek, J. Stursa, H. Svandova, Academy of

Sciences of the Czech Republic

On the Frequency and Amplitude Spectrum and the Fluctuations at the

Output of a Communication Receiver 1142- M. Planat, LPMO/CNRS, France

Evaluation of Passive Component Short-Term Stability Via Use in Low LoopDelay Oscillators

1146- M. M. Driscoll, Northrop-Grumman Corporation, USA

A Study of the Frequency Stability Limits of Oscillators Based on

Sapphire Dielectric Resonators 1150- J.G. Hartnett, E.N. Ivanov, M.E. Tobar, University of Western Australia, Australia

xxix

Investigation of Dual-Mode Excitation of Crystal Oscillator 1154- A.V. Kosykh, A.N. Lepetaev and S.A. Zavjalov, Omsk State

Engineering University, Russia

Noise in Oscillators with Two Asynchronous Oscillations 1158- D.P. Tsarapkin, Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Russia, and

F.L. Walls, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA

Experimental Studies of Noise in a Dual Mode Oscillator 1163

- H. Ascarrunz, Spectra Dynamics Inc., F.L. Walls, NIST, USA,E. Ferre-Pikal, University of Wyoming, and

D. Tsarapkin, Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Russia,

J. Vig, US Army CECOM, USA

Phase-Noise Measurement in Dual-Mode SC-Cut Crystal Oscillators 1168

- Y. Watanabe, S. Goka and H. Sekimoto, Tokyo Metropolitan University,

Japan, T. Okabayashi, Hitachi Electronics Services Co. Japan

Flicker Noise Measurement of HF Quartz Resonators 1172

- J. Groslambert, V. Giordano, LPMO CNRS, France,

M. Brunet, CNES, France

E. Rubiola, Politecnico di Torino, Italy

PM Noise Measurements of 10 MHz BVA Quartz Crystal Resonators Using

a Phase Bridge System with Carrier Suppression 1176

- F. Sthal, M. Mourey, F. Marionnet, LCEP/ENSMM, France, and

W. F. Walls, Femtosecond Systems Inc.USA

PM and AM Noise in Nonlinear BJT Amplifier 1180

- V.N. Kuleshov, Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Russia

PM and AM Noise in Common Base Amplifier 1184

- T.I. Boldyreva and V.N. Kuleshov, Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Russia

PM and AM Noise of BJT Amplifiers with Quartz Crystal Resonator in Emitter Circuit 1188

- T. I. Boldyreva, Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Russia

Quantum 1/F quartz resonator theory versus experiment 1192

- P.H. Handel, University of Missouri St. Louis, USA

Equivalent Parameter 1/f Noises1196

- Y.S. Shmaliy, Kharkiv Military University, Ukraine

Quantum 1/f Quartz Resonator Theory Versus Experiment 1200

- P.H. Handel, University of Missouri, USA

A Phenomenological Model of 1/f Noise 1204

- D. P. Tsarapkin, Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Russia

A Generic Generation of 1/F Noise in Locked Systems Working in Nonlinear Mode 1207

- S. Dos Santos, EIVL, France, and M. Planat, LPMO/CNRS, France

Proceedings Ordering Information1211

Specifications and Standards Relating to Frequency Control 1213

Author Index1216

XXX