European Exploration

Was it focused on

exploring or exploiting?

ORAL PREVIEW

• How were Europeans reintroduced to luxury goods from Asia after the fall of the Roman Empire. How did the goods get to Europe? Who got rich on this trade? Answer these in complete sentences.

New Inventions

• Caravel – ship with triangular sails that could sail into the wind

• Astrolabe – device that gave location due to stars

• Magnetic Compass – showed the direction one was going

Products Europeans sought

• Spices (pepper, cinnamon)

• Silk

• Gold

• Gems

• Silver

Portugal

• Prince Henry (the Navigator) established an academy to train sailors, ship builders, cartographers, etc.

• Sought to sail around Africa to Asia – set up trading posts along the western coast of Africa

• 1487 – Bartolomeu Dias reached the tip of Africa – “Cape of Good Hope”

• 1498 – Vasco de Gama reached port in India (his profit of 60x the cost of the trip)

Spain

• Monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella wanted to find a trade route as well

• Columbus sailed west to get to Asia – landed in the Caribbean – called it San Salvador

• Portugal thought Spain was claiming their land – so they appealed to the Pope – he drew a “line of demarcation” and gave Spain everything to the west of it and Portugal everything to the eastTreaty of Tordesillas – b/t Spain & Portugal – P. got Brazil – S. got rest of the Americas

Spain• Ferdinand Magellan- credited w/ sailing around

the world although he died half way into the trip• Hernán Cortés- conquered the Aztecs in

Mexico and got a lot of gold• Francisco Pizarro – conquered the Incas in

Peru and Chile – gained a lot of gold• Conquistador – Spanish explorer and warrior

who sought wealth and glory in the Americas

France• Explored and set up fur trading outposts in

Canada• Samuel de Champlain – claimed Quebec for

France and served as administrator for Quebec City. Essentially he paved the way for New France.

• Father Marquette & Louis Joliet – explored Great Lakes area & the upper Mississippi Valley

• Robert de La Salle – explored the Lower Mississippi River and claimed it all for France – called it Louisiana (after King Louis XIV)

England

• 1607- Jamestown settled in Virginia (1st permanent English settlement in Americas)

• 1620 – Pilgrims settle at Plymouth, Mass.

• 1628 – Puritans settle at Massachusetts Bay Colony

England

James Cook – made three expeditions to the Pacific Ocean where he discovered New Zealand, parts of Australia, and the Hawaiian Islands

Dutch (Netherlands)

• Henry Hudson – sought a northwest passage to Asia – explored Hudson River and Hudson Bay

• New Netherlands – set up trading post on Manhattan Island – became a melting pot of ethnicities because few Dutch wanted to go there.

Plantation Life

• Several countries colonized the Caribbean in the 1600s –established sugar & tobacco plantations

• They needed a lot of labor – thus initiated the Atlantic slave trade

• Majority of slaves were not brought to the US but rather to the Caribbean

• The trip from Africa to the Americas was called the “Middle Passage”

Middle passage

Triangular Trade Routes

EUROPE

AFRICAWEST INDIES

WEST INDIES

NEW ENGLAND

AFRICA

manufactured goods

slaves

sugar, coffee, tobacco

TRIANGULAR TRADE ROUTE 1

TRIANGULAR TRADE ROUTE 2

rum and other manufactured goods

slaves

sugar, molasses