European Commission - CEPI · EUROPEAN COMMISSION –DG TREN – 2006 1 Bioenergy Policies in the...

FP7 - August 2005 1

EUROPEAN COMMISSION – DG TREN – 2006 1

Bioenergy Policies in the EU

& Biomass Availability

European Commission

Kyriakos MANIATISHead of Sector

Biofuels & IndustryDG TREN

FP7 - August 2005 2


EU energy strategy and RES policy

Ongoing RES policy activities of the EC

Conclusions and further information

Structure of this presentation

Will Europe meets its RES targets?

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• Global energy demand – and CO2 emissions - is predicted to increase by 60% over the next 30 years

• Until 2030 the EU energy dependency could rise from 50% to 70%, mostly from regions threatened by insecurity

• High and volatile prices for oil and gas will stay

• According to the Kyoto Protocol, EU has to reduce its GHG emissions from 1990 until 2008/2012 by 8 %

• In Europe alone, energy infrastructure investments of around 1 trillion Euros will be needed over the next 20 years

European energy policy is facing key challenges

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Competitiveness & Growth

Demand side management, energy efficiency

Supply side management, diversification of energy

mix, RES

Internal market for electricity and gas, inter-connections

Security of supply

Climate changeOthers (external relations,

solidarity, RD&D etc.)

TREN energy strategy

Green Paper on Energy, COM(2006)105 final

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XXXXDirective on a Scheme for GHG AllowanceTrading

XXXXXXDirective on the Taxation of EnergyProducts

XXXDirective on Biofuels

XXXXGreen Paper on Energy Efficiency

XXXXXXGreen Paper on Energy

EERES

X

X

X

X

X

X

Sector

X

X

X

X

XXXXTo be continued….

XXXDirective on Co-generation

XDirective on Energy Performance of Buildings

XXXDirective on RES- electricity

XXXGreen Paper on Security of Energy Supply

XXXWhite Paper on RES

INDTRBU

Demand

SupplyPolitical and legislative instruments :

1997

2006

A comprehensive framework for EE and RES is already in place

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• Indicative share of electricity produced from RES in total electricity consumption 22.1% (EU-15) and 21% (EU-25), respectively, by 2010

• Quantified national targets for consumption of electricity from renewable sources of energy

• National support schemes plus, if necessary, a harmonised support system

• Simplification of national administrative procedures for authorisation

• Guaranteed access to transmission and distribution of electricity from renewable energy sources

Promotion of electricity from RES through:

Legislation on EU level (example 1/3)RES-e Directive 2001/77/EC

FP7 - August 2005 7


• Kyoto Protocol: EU to cut its GHG emissions by 8%, between 2008 and 2012, in relation to 1990 levels

• Addressing harmonised GHG emission permit rules, relevant activities and emissions, national allocation plans, monitoring and reporting rules etc.

• Starting with 11,500 installations, CO2 emissions only

• Additional accountability of JI/CDM credits within the ETS

• 3 trading periods with limited transferability of allowances: 2005-2007, 2008-2012 (coincides with Kyoto period), 2013-? (possibly based on a revised ETS Directive)

Establishing a scheme for a greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community:

Legislation on EU level (example 2/3) ETS Directive 2003/87/EC

FP7 - August 2005 8


• Directive 2003/30/EC on biofuels : Member States shall ensure by end of 2005 a 2% and by end 2010 a 5.75%

• Directive 2003/96/EC on taxation of energy productsand electricity : Article 16 allows Member States to apply exemption or reduced rate of taxation on “biofuels and other products produced from biomass”

• Directive 98/70 as amended by Directive 2003/17/EC contains the environmental fuel quality specifications for petrol and diesel fuels in the Community with a novel focus on biofuel blending (ongoing revision)

Promoting the use of biofuels for transport:

Legislation on EU level (example 3/3) Biofuel related Directives

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l CAP reform (2003)– Decoupled income support– Non-food (energy) crops on set-aside areas – Energy crop premium – Reduced scope for steering production

l Sugar reform (2005)

– Sugar beet for ethanol eligible for both regimes exempt from quotas

l Rural development policy (2007-2013)– Menu of measures for renewable energies, e.g.,

biomass supply chains, biofuels processing capacity on/near the farm

l EU Forest Action Plan: adopted June 2006Øenergy use of forest biomass is a key action

Support from Common Agricultural Policy

FP7 - August 2005 10









Gross energy consumption of the EU-25

Coal

Oil

Gas

Nuclear

Renewables

0

250

500

750

1000

1250

1500

1750

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Mtoe

0

250

500

750

1000

1250

1500

1750

Source: EUROSTAT

5.2 %6.3 %

White Paper target for EU-15 (EU-25): 12 % RES-share in 2010

4.5 %



EU25, 1990-2004, biomass & waste only

EU Bioenergy market development in the past

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Mto

e

Wood & wood waste in households & services

Other wood & wood waste

BiogasMSW

liquid biofuels

Source: EUROSTAT



Source: EUROSTAT

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

Mto

e

Hydro Power Wind EnergyBiomass & Wastes Solar EnergyGeothermal Energy

Current trend: 75-80 Mtoe in 2010

White Paper target for EU-15: 135 Mtoe biomass use in 2010Adjusted targets for EU-25: 150 Mtoe biomass use in 2010

Danger of missing EU targets for 2010

COM(2004)366 final: « biomass is lagging behind »










Impact AssessmentSecurity of supply, GHG reduction, employment (rural/global), cost

Communication COM(2005)628 final

EU Biomass Action Plan (BAP)

Recommending EC and MS level action in the areas• Biomass heating (+ 27 Mtoe/yr until 2010)• Electricity from biomass (+ 35 Mtoe/yr until 2010)• Transport biofuels (+ 18 Mtoe/yr until 2010)• Cross cutting issues• Research

incl. CHP !



BAP: The Commission will bring forward a report in 2006 in view of a possible revision of the biofuels directive. This report will address the issues of … biofuel targets, biofuel obligations, … minimum sustainability requirements.

Action:

ü Public consultation on biofuel policy

o Impact Assessment of future policy options by experts

o Workshop on sustainability criteria and certification in co-operation with WWF, tender on sustainability criteria

§ Revised biofuel directive may be proposed by theCommission in early 2007, final decision to be made by the European Parliament and the Council thereafter

Implementation of the BAP (example 1/3)



BAP: The Commission will work towards a proposal for Community legislation in 2006 to encourage the use of renewable energy, including biomass, for heating and cooling

Action:

ü Public consultation on RES heating/cooling

o Expert Impact Assessments of future policy options on RES in general and RES heating/cooling in particular

§ RES legislation on RES heating/cooling may be proposed by the Commission in early 2007, final decisions to be made by the European Parliament and the Council thereafter




BAP: The Commission will encourage Member States to establish national biomass action plans (nBAPs)

Action:

ü Meeting of MS representatives on national Biomass Action Plans for exchange of experience and ideas

o Collection of country specific market and policy information and publication on nBAP web site

o Evaluation of country specific market and policy information through experts

§ Further meetings of MS representatives on national Biomass Action Plans if applicable




Implementation of the Green Paper on Energy

Energy GP: The Commission will bring forward a Rene-wable Energy Road Map … This would cover… targets beyond 2010 ... and a detailed medium to long term plan

Action:

ü Public consultation on Green Paper on Energy

o Expert Impact Assessments of future policy options on RES targets in 2020 and sectorial distributions

§ RES Roadmap to be proposed by the Commission in early 2007, final recommendations to be made by the European Parliament and the Council thereafter,

§ High importance for all new RES policy initiatives



RES electricity

Directive, indicativetargets for 2010

Implementation report in early 2007

RES fuels

Directive, indicativetargets for 2010

Implementation report in early 2007

May propose revision of Directive

in early 2007

RES heating/cooling

May propose new initiative in early

2007

RES in general

Political targets for 2010 (White Paper)

RES Roadmap with overall strategy and political targets for 2020 in early 2007, more flexibility amongst sectors for MS?

Overview on current RES policy activities



Sustainable provision of feedstocks, considering– potential of European agriculture and forestry– impacts on food and feed markets - EU and globally– other possible uses of biomass– environmental balance of different raw materials

Research and technological development– optimised production and mix of raw materials– advanced, more cost-effective conversion

technologies– more diverse feedstocks – not only food crops

Stable environment for the industry to develop

Challenges and questions



Biomass AvailabilityGlobal current use and future potential

l Current use of bioenergy: 50 EJ/a of 406 EJ/a total world energyconsumption

l Future potential of bioenergy: up to 200 - 300 EJ/a

Year

Scenario 2025 2050 2100

Shell (1996) 85 200–220 –

IPCC (1996) 72 280 320

Greenpeace (1993) 114 181 –

Johansson et al. (1993) 145 206 –

WEC (1993) 59 94–157 132–215

Dessus et al. (1992) 135 – –

Lashof and Tirpak (1991) 130 215 –

Faaij (2006) 40-1100

“Preliminary results indicate that significant biomass is available to support ambitious renewable energy targets in 2010, 2020 and 2030, even after taking environmentalconstraints into account.”

EEA Study: How much biomass can Europe use without harming the environment?










Conclusions

The European Commission is supporting RES use with a variety of legislative initiatives, action plans, and its

programmes for project funding and financing

Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are expected to make a substantial contribution to a future

sustainable energy system in Europe

For the foreseeable future it appears that there are no significant problems of biomass availability

Exploitation of RES and Bioenergy’s full potential primarily depends on policy rather than on technology development.



Key Message

Wood for Energy and Paper



Further information

EC, DG TREN: Biomass Action Planhttp://ec.europa.eu/energy/res/biomass_action_plan/green_electricity_en.htm

EC, REGIO: Structural and Cohesion fundshttp://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/index_en.htm

EC, DG AGRI: EAFRDhttp://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/rurdev/index_en.htm

European Investment Bank (EIB)http://www.eib.org/

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