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EuropeanCollegeofZoologicalMedicine

POLICIES&PROCEDURES,

PART2:WILDLIFEPOPULATIONHEALTHSPECIALTY

UPDATEDAUGUST2018

RegisteredAddress:EuropeanCollegeofZoologicalMedicine

Yalelaan108,NL-3584CMUtrecht,TheNetherlands.

e-mail:admin@eczm.euwebsite:www.eczm.eu

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TheEuropeanCollegeofZoologicalMedicine(ECZM)recognizesfiveseparatespecialtiesundertheECZM umbrella; Avian, Herpetology, Small Mammal; Wildlife Population Health and Zoo HealthManagement.

The wildlife population specialty Policies & Procedures, Part 2 document follows the structurebelow:

Chapter1:Introduction

Chapter2:RequirementsforadmissiontotheEuropeanCollegeofZoologicalMedicine

Chapter3:WildlifePopulationHealthResidencyProgrammes

Chapter4:ExaminationCredentialingandApplicationProcedure

Chapter5:WildlifePopulationHealthApprovedResidencyTrainingSites

Chapter6:WildlifePopulationHealthReadingList

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Chapter1:IntroductionThe specialty of Wildlife Population Health has an emphasis on ecosystem health and wildlifepopulation medicine, including disease management and prevention, surveillance, outbreakinvestigationandepidemiology.It isnotclinicallyorientedbutemphasizesonecosystemhealthandwildlifepopulationmedicine,including:

• diseasemanagementandprevention• healthsurveillance• outbreakinvestigation• epidemiology (with consideration of population estimates, habitat use, landscape

structureandotherecologicalfactors)• assessmentofcausesofwildlifepopulationdecreasesincludingassessingimpactof

humanactivitiesonwildlifepopulationsWildlife Population Health is a discipline-related specialty. Whilst many of the objectives of thespecialtyaresharedwiththetaxon-relatedspecialties, itmustberecognisedthatthere isminimalemphasisonclinicalmedicineandtheobjectivesaremodifiedtoreflectthisdifference.ThePoliciesandProcedures,Part2containsinformationaboutrequirementsforadmissiontotheCollege,aprofileofthespecialties,andapplicationandexaminationprocedures.

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Chapter2:RequirementsforadmissiontotheEuropeanCollegeofZoologicalMedicineTherequirementsforadmissiontotheCollegeasaDiplomateandbeingaSpecialistarespecifiedintheBylawsoftheCollege,inlinewiththePoliciesandProceduresdeterminedbytheEBVS.TherequirementslistedbelowareacondensedversionChapter4ofthePoliciesandProcedures,Part1:GeneralInformationandtherequirementsfoundinArticle4intheECZMConstitution.DiplomatesofthewildlifepopulationhealthspecialtyappointedbytheCollegeareveterinarianswho:

§ Havedemonstratedfitnessandabilityinwildlifepopulationhealthbymeetingthe

establishedtrainingandexperiencerequirementsasassessedbytheCollege,includingpublicationrequirements.

§ Haveattainedacceptablescoresinthewildlifepopulationhealthexamination.

§ Demonstratemoralandethicalstandingintheprofessionandpractisescientific,evidence-

basedveterinarymedicine,whichcomplieswithanimalwelfarelegislation.

§ Participateinwildlifepopulationhealthforatleast60%oftheirtime,basedona40hourworkingweek(i.e>24hours/week).

§ Arere-evaluatedevery5yearsusingastandardre-certificationprocess.

EachindividualwhosatisfiestheaboverequirementsshallbeauthorizedtousethedesignationofDiplomateoftheEuropeanCollegeofZoologicalMedicine(WildlifePopulationHealth),abbreviatedtoDipECZM(WildlifePopulationHealth).Theindividualisalsoawarded,bytheEBVS,thetitleofEuropeanVeterinarySpecialist™inWildlifePopulationHealth,followingsuccessfulre-evaluationevery5years.EachDiplomateisexpectedtoactivelyparticipateinthescientificandbusinessaffairsoftheCollege.FurtherinformationonspecificrequirementsforprospectivecandidatesisalsofoundintheECZMPoliciesandProcedures,Part1:GeneralInformation.

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Chapter3:WildlifePopulationHealthResidencyProgrammesAWildlife Population Health Residency Programme, is a training programme allowing a graduateveterinarian ("Resident") to acquire in-depth knowledge of Wildlife Population Health and itssupportingdisciplines,aswellastheexecutionofaresearchproject,allunderthesupervisionandguidanceofoneormoreWildlifePopulationHealthDiplomates.TheresidencyprogrammewillfocusonWildlifePopulationHealthandaimsto:

§ instilltheoreticalknowledge,appliedpracticalskillsandanethicalattitudeinthepracticeofwildlifepopulationhealth.

§ provide the Resident with the opportunity to pursue career goals in teaching, research,service,and/orspecialtypractice.

§ preparethecandidateforthewildlifepopulationhealthexamination.

A.GeneralobjectivesoftheWildlifePopulationHealthResidencyTrainingProgramme.(i)Knowledgeandskillsconcerningprofessionalcontactsandtransferofknowledge.AspecialistinWildlifePopulationHealthmustdemonstrate:

- clearexpressionofthinking,inoralaswellasinwrittenform,intheEnglishlanguage- anapproach toproblems inananalytic, scientificway to find solutionsandbeable toassignprioritiesforthese

- theabilitytoorganizeworkefficiently- theabilitytosearchtheliteraturetofindrelevantinformationandevidence.- theabilitytogiveastructuredscientificpresentationwithclarity

(ii)Generalknowledgeandskillsconcerningthespecialty.AspecialistinWildlifePopulationHealthmustdemonstrate:

- theabilitytoassessthehealthofpopulationsoffree-livingwildanimalsandtheconsequencesofdiseaseforthepopulation,ecosystem,humanhealthandtheeconomy

- conformitytomodernstandardsofskillsandmethodologies(iii) Knowledgeand skills concernedwithobtaininghelp forproblems that lie outside the specialtyand/orfacilities.ThespecialistinWildlifePopulationHealthshall:

- keepabreastofnewdevelopments in theirspecialtyandbecomefamiliarwithnewmethods,beforeapplyingtheseinpractice

- understandthelimitationsoftheirspecialty- understandthepossibilitiesthatotherspecialitieshavetooffer- befamiliarwiththepotentialof,andbeactivelyinvolvedin,multidisciplinaryco-operation.

(iv)KnowledgeandskillsconcernedwithworkingasaprofessionalspecialistAspecialistshouldhaveextensivepracticalexperiencewithinthespecialty.Throughexperience,thespecialist shouldhavedeveloped theself-confidence, self-criticismandsenseof responsibility thatareessentialforthepracticeofthespecialty.

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(v)KnowledgeandskillsconcernedwiththegeneralpracticeofWildlifePopulationHealth.ThespecialistinWildlifePopulationHealthshould:

- recognise, investigateand resolve issues as theyoccur in animal andhumanpopulations andtheenvironmentasrelatedtothespeciality

- performproceduresandinvestigationsaccordingtotheprinciplesofgoodveterinarypractice- cooperatewithspecialistsandcolleaguesinotherclinicalandrelateddisciplinestothebenefitofhumanandanimalpopulationhealthandwelfare

- contributetothedevelopmentandapplicationofconceptsandmethodsinWildlifePopulationHealth

B.DetailedobjectivesoftheWildlifePopulationHealthResidencyTrainingProgramme.It isnotpossibletobeprescriptiveregardingtheexactquantityoftrainingrequired ineachofthefollowing areas as each trainingprogrammewill beuniquely tailored to theneedsof the trainee.However,atleast15%oftheresident’stimeshouldbespentoneachofthefirstfoursectionsandatleast 20% on the fifth section (Research), with the remaining 20% allocated according to theresident’sparticularinterestsandtrainingrequirements. (i)WildlifePopulationandEcosystemHealth1. Know the concepts, principles and application of epidemiology that apply to wildlife disease

management. Attendance and satisfactory completion of a course on the principles ofepidemiologyisstronglyencouragedaspartoftheresidencytrainingprogramme.

2. Demonstrateacriticalunderstandingofhowtaxonomy,geographicaldistribution,andnaturalhistoryoffree-livingwildlifespeciesaffectsusceptibilityto,andtheepidemiologyofdiseases.

3. Understand the ecological context of health, including disease transmission at thewildlife/livestock/humaninterface,andtherolewildlifeveterinariansplayinthepreventionofdiseasetransmission.

4. Be able to conduct a qualitative risk analysis (risk identification, risk assessment, riskmanagement and risk communication) of wildlife diseases. Understand the concepts ofquantitativeriskassessment.

5. Understand how infections, toxins or other anthropogenic threats can impact on wildlifepopulationsandhowthiscanbemeasuredinfree-livingpopulations

6. Befamiliarwithdiseasemodellingtechniquesandtheinterpretationofdiseasemodels.7. Have knowledge of the major diseases (aetiology, epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis,

treatmentandcontrol)ofinvertebrates,fish,amphibians,reptiles,birdsandmammals.Itisnotsufficient toknowonly thepathogens responsible fordiseasebut it isalso important tohaveknowledgeofwhichdiseasesoccurmorecommonlyinthesegroupsoffree-livingwildanimals.Wildlife Population Health specialists need to know the gross lesions produced by thesediseases and to realize that a specific diagnosis can only be confirmed by using appropriatelaboratorytechniques.

8. Understand the role of wildlife in the epidemiology of new and emerging or re-emergingdiseases;understandthedifferencesbetweendetectionofthesediseasesandendemicwildlifediseasesandbeabletodesignsuitablemethodstodetectthem.

9. Havea conceptualunderstandingof the societal roleand the responsibilitiesof the specialistwith regard to his or her colleagues, public health and environmental issues, wild animalstogetherwith theirhabitatsand theenvironmentandalso tobeable toexpressandsupportviewsoncurrentissuesrelevanttothisfieldofknowledge.

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(ii) WildlifePathologyandDiseaseInvestigation1. Haveacriticalunderstandingoftheaetiology,epidemiology,diagnosisandcontrolofinfectious

and non-infectious diseases of wildlife populations, both monofactorial and multifactorial innature.

2. Beabletoperformgrossnecropsiesonwildfish,amphibians,reptiles,birds,andmammals,andbeabletorecognisetheimportantlesions,andinterpretgrossfindings.

3. Beabletoundertakeadditionallaboratorydiagnosticsincludingbasiccytologyandhistology.4. Understandtheappropriateuseofdiagnostictesting,includingELISA,PCR,serologyandother

tests.Understand the limitationsof these tests, be able to interpret themand adviseon theappropriateuseofdiagnosticteststodetectinfectiousagents,andtodiagnosewildlifedisease.

5. Know how to conduct an appropriate health and safety risk assessment and how to usepersonalprotectiveequipment toensurehuman safetywhen carryingout samplingandpostmortemexaminationsofwildanimals.

6. Demonstrateacriticalunderstandingofthecommontoxins,environmentalcontaminantsandother impacts aswell ashabitat loss and fooddepletionwhicharemost likely to affect free-livingwildanimals.Knowtheclinicalsignsthesetoxicmaterialsandotherinsultsproduceandbefamiliarwithdifferentialdiagnoses.Knowwhichbodytissuesandspecimensarerequiredbya laboratory for the identification of the contaminant or poison. It is important that thespecialistisadeptatgatheringinformationandevidenceincasesofpoisoning.

(iii)WildlifeDiseaseSurveillanceandPreventiveMedicine1. Be able to design a preventive medicine program, e.g. for a rehabilitation facility, a

translocationprojectorare-introductionproject.2. Understand and implement the IUCN guidelines relating to conservation interventions in a

pragmaticandcosteffectivemanner.3. Understand and advise on the health components of sustainable use of wildlife, including

huntingandfishing,withparticularemphasisonzoonoticandfoodborneriskstohumans.4. Beabletoadviseonabiosecurityprogrammeforlivestockkeepersusingknowledgeofwildlife

ecologyanddiseasetoreducetherisksfordiseasetransmissionbetweenlivestockandwildlife.5. Understandthediseaserisksofwildanimaltranslocationsandreintroductionandmethodsto

assessandamelioratetheserisks6. Befamiliarwiththeconceptsofdiseasesurveillancedesign,settingobjectives,andevaluation

ofsurveillancesystems.Beabletodemonstrateexperienceinapplyingtheseprocesses.7. Understandthedifferentmethodspossibleforfree-livingwildanimaldiseasesurveillanceand

monitoringatalocal,nationalandinternationallevelincludingstructuresandorganisationsinplacetoachievetheseaims.

8. Understand thepotential roleofwildlife indiseaseoutbreaksparticularlyofnotifiable,exoticand zoonotic disease, be able to provide advice and recommendations to policymakers andcontributetocontingencyplanning.

9. Understandtheapplicationoftelemetry,trackingandGeographicInformationSystemswithregardtowildlifediseasesurveillance,controlandprevention,andabasicunderstandingofthestatisticalanalysisofspatialdata.

(iv)WildlifeMedicine 1. Possess knowledge of how anatomical, physiological and immunological differences between

free-livingwildanimalscaninfluencetheirhealthandsusceptibilitytodisease.2. Show an understanding of the benefits and risks of managing free-living wild animals for

conservationordiseasecontrolpurposes,forexampleinsupplementaryfeeding.

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3. A critical understanding of available diagnostic tests and the interpretation of results forcommondiseasesinwildlife.

4. Knowledgeoftheprinciplesofpopulationmedication infree-livingwildanimals.This includesknowledge of the pharmacokinetics and the bioavailability of drugs which are suitable fortreatmentandalsothevariousmethodsofadministration.

5. It is necessary to have a general knowledge of the legislation relevant toWildlife PopulationHealthandtohaveadetailedknowledgeofthelegislationrelatingtotheroleoftheveterinarypractitioner in the field (e.g. CITES, legislation with regard to import and export of animals,animal welfare, legislation on hunting and capture from the wild, the use of drugs andimmunobiologicals, legal aspects of supplementary feeding and treatment of free-living wildanimals).

6. Knowthetechniquesandequipmentusedtophysicallyrestrainwildanimals,andtobeabletoperformphysicalrestraintoffree-livingwildreptiles,birdsandmammals.

7. Knowtheprinciplesofremotedrugdeliverydevicesandfieldanaesthesiatechniques.8. Knowthewildlifetrappingmethods,equipmentandhowtoperformlivecaptureofwildlife.9. Beabletoperformandinterpretdiagnosticproceduressuchashaematology,radiographyand

endoscopyofwildreptiles,birdsandmammals.10. Perform and monitor both inhalation and injectable anaesthesia on free-living wild reptiles,

birdsandmammals,includingappropriateanaestheticmonitoring.11. Understand the medical and ethical issues regarding the treatment, rehabilitation and

conservationofwildlife.12. Knowcommonmethodsofeuthanasiausedforwildlifespecies.13. Demonstrate competency in the above points through keeping a record book of experiences

andtraining,andsubmittingreportsonspecificresearchundertakenaspartoftheresidency.

(v)Researchstudies1. Understandhowtodesignresearchprojects,bothinthelaboratoryandinfieldsituations.2. Understand,andbeabletoconductandinterpret,relevantbasicstatisticaltechniques.3. Knowhowtoappropriatelycollectandprocessdata,recognisingitslimitationsandquality.Be

abletointerpretdataaccurately.4. Participate in public engagement activities to disseminate the results of research to a wider

audience.C.WildifePopulationHealthTrainingProgrammeDescriptionTheResidencyprogrammewill focuson all aspects ofWildlife PopulationHealth specialty andbesupervisedbyaDiplomateofthatspecialty.PrerequisitesforspecialtytrainingDetailsofthetrainingrequiredpriortoundertakingaresidencyprogrammecanbefoundinsection5.2ofthePoliciesandProcedures,Part1,GeneralInformation.In summary, this first period must be a one year rotating multi-disciplinary internship (in anyspecies)or2years ingeneralpractice.Thisperiodof trainingmustbeapprovedby theEducationand Residency prior to starting a residency training programme, butpre-approval of this trainingperiodisnotrequired.Residencyprogrammedescription

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Asecondperiodshallcompriseathree-year(minimum)postgraduatetrainingprogramme(standardresidency)oranalternateprogrammeundersupervisionofawildlifepopulationhealthDiplomateofECZM. This period is designed to educate the resident primarily in the art and science ofwildlifepopulationhealth.Atleast60%ofthe3yearprogrammemustbespentonwildlifepopulationhealthfocusingonfree-living wildlife populations and ecosystem health (and not clinical treatment of captive zoologicalspecies). The programme is divided into five training elements detailed in sectionB above. Thesemaybeundertakenat a single institutionormay require time tobe spent inpartner institutions.EitherrouterequiresdirectsupervisionfromaDiplomateinWildlifePopulationHealth.Atleast20%oftheresidencyprogrammemustbeoffclinicalduties.Duringthistime,residentsmustfulfiltheirrequirementsforresearch,publicationsandspeakingengagements.Thespecificrequirementsforastandardresidencyprogrammeoranalternateroutecanbefoundinchapter5ofthePoliciesandProcedures,Part1:GeneralInformationand,inparticularsections5.3–5.6.D.Facilities,services,andequipmentrequiredinwildlifepopulationhealthresidencyprogramme.A. Library: a library containing recent textbooks and current journals relating to wildlife

population health and its supporting disciplines must be immediately accessible to theprogrammeparticipants(workingcollection).

B. Access to appropriate computer hardware, software and other information technology as

needed.C. PathologyservicesmustbeavailableduringthePathologyandDiseaseInvestigationtraining

element

(i) Clinical pathology: a clinical pathology laboratory for haematology, clinical chemistry,microbiology,andcytologicaldiagnosismustbeavailable.Clinicalpathologyreportsmustberetainedandberetrievable.

(ii)Morphologic pathology: a separate room for gross pathologic examination must be

available. Facilities for histopathological examination of necropsy tissues must beavailable.Anatomicpathologyreportsmustberetainedandberetrievable.

E.DocumentationTheperformanceoftheresidentisformallymonitoredbytheEducationandResidencyCommittee(asdetailedbelow).Eachofthefivetrainingelementsisassessedalthoughitisacceptedthat,duetothestructureofresidencyprogrammes,notallelementswillbeassessedoneveryoccasion.The resident is responsible formaintainingand timely submissionof the reportingpackage to theEducationandResidencyCommitteeasdescribedinPoliciesandProcedures;Part1,sections5.6.Thewildlifepopulationhealthspecialtyisanon-clinicalresidencyprogramandthereforefollowsthereport submission frequencyof 6-6-12-12months (Policies and Procedures: Part 1, section 5.6.1).Thereportsmustbemaintainedandsubmittedintheofficiallyapprovedspecialtyreporttemplates

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as described below. A set of wildlife population health case log documents is available on thewebsite.

1.Resident’sActivitySummary

A Resident’s Activity Summary should contain summaries of work undertaken in WildlifeDiseaseSurveillanceandPreventiveMedicineandWildlifePopulationMedicineandEcosystemHealth.Tworeports(between1,000and2,000wordsperreport)shouldbesubmittedeverysixmonths.

2.WildlifeMedicineActivityLogOverthecourseoftheresidency,interventions(e.g.captures,anaestheticprocedures,samplingprocedures) on at least 50 individual live animals shouldbe conducted,which should includerepresentationacrossalltaxa(mammals,birds,reptiles,amphibians,fish&invertebrates).TheResident’sWildlifeMedicineActivity Log should detailwhether the residentwas the primaryveterinarianorassistingaseniorcolleague.

3.PathologyandDiseaseInvestigationActivityLogOverthecourseoftheresidency,atleast100post-mortemexaminationsshouldbeconducted,which should include representation across the following taxa: mammals, birds, reptiles,amphibians, fish& invertebrates. The Resident’s Pathology andDisease Investigation ActivityLog should contain signalment, date, investigation undertaken, post mortem diagnosis andinterpretationofthefindings.Itshoulddetailiftheresidentwastheprimaryinvestigatororthelevelofsupervisionprovided.

4.ResearchActivityLog

The Resident’s Research Activity Log should list the conferences, seminars and lecturesattended and the presentations given at wildlife health and disease conferences and otherprofessionalmeetings.

5.ResidentProgressReportThis Progress Report contains a summary of the resident’s activity throughout the residencyperiod and includes an up-to-date overview of the residency, including the% of supervision,totalnumberofcasesseensofar,daysofspecialist trainingthathavebeencompleted inthevariousdisciplines,hoursofcompletedCPD,numberofinternationalconferencesattendedandprogresswithregardtotheresearchproject,numberofpublicationsinpeer-reviewedjournalsandpresentations/lectures.6.SupervisorProgressReportSimilartotheResident,theResidentSupervisorwillalsosubmitaSupervisorProgressReporttotheEducationandResidencyCommittee, inwhich theSupervisorstates thathe/shehasseenandverifiedtheCaseLogsubmittedbytheResident,aswellashis/herexpectationswithregardtocompletionoftheresidencyandadditionalconcernsand/oractionstobetaken.

In addition, the resident is required to complete an annual Residency Evaluation Form. This issubmitted to the Chair of the Education and Residency Committee, and gives the resident anopportunitytoevaluatetheresidencyprogrammetheyaretakingpartin.Theinformationisstrictly

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confidentialandifproblemsareraised,theChairwillcontacttheresidentprivatelytodiscussthingsfurther.Residents must meet with the Programme supervisor at least twice yearly for evaluation ofperformance and progress. When the resident has multiple supervisors, this meeting should beprecededbyameetingamongthesupervisors.Latesubmissionofreportsmaybesubjecttosanctionsasdetailedinsection5.6.3ofthePoliciesandProcedures;Part1;GeneralInformation.

F.Research,PublicationandSpeakingRequirementsPublications:

(i) The resident must complete at least one (1) investigative project that contributes to theadvancement ofwildlife population health. The residentmust be first author and have thework accepted for publication in a peer reviewed well-established internationally refereedscientificjournal(i.e.mentionedintheScienceCitationIndexorinthereadinglistofthesmallmammalspecialty)priortosittingtheexamination.

(ii) Theresidentmustcompleteatleastone(1)additionalpaperthatalsoshouldbeacceptedforpublication,andcanbeoriginal scientific research,acaseseriesorasinglecasereport.Theresidentmustalsobethefirstauthorofthispaper.

Otherrequirements:ContinuingProfessionalDevelopment:Aminimumoffiftyhoursofformalcontinuingeducation isrequired per year. External continuing education may be within the local, regional, national orinternationalmeetingsinthespecialty.Thismayincludeparticipationinwetlabs.AllactivitiesinthisareamustberecordedintheResearchActivityLog.Internalcontinuingeducationattheinstitutionincludesparticipationinjournalclubs,casepresentationseminarsandwetlabswhichareorganisedaspartoftheresidency.Conferences Presentations: The Residentmust give at least two (2) presentations at appropriatescientificconferences,relevanttowildlifepopulationhealthoverthecourseoftheresidencySeminars: Present a minimum of two (2) one-hour seminars per year in a formal setting withattendanceofotherveterinarians.Aseminarisdefinedasascientificpresentationwhichisfollowedbyadiscussionperiod.

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Chapter4:ExaminationCredentialingandApplicationProcedureExaminationCredentialingTheprocess,documentation,anddeadlinesrequiredtocredentialtositanECZMexaminationisdetailedinchapter6ofthePoliciesandProcedures,Part1:GeneralInformation.

Listedbelowisasummarizedversionofthatsectionwithreferencetospecificthewildlifepopulationhealthspecialtyrequirements.ApplicantsareadvisedtorefertoBOTHthislistandsection6.4.ofthePoliciesandProcedures,Part1:GeneralInformation,inordertosubmitacompleteapplicationforexaminationcredentialing.

§ CoveringLetter

§ CurriculumVitae

§ Referenceletter(s)fromtheprogrammesupervisor(s)ofeachinstitutioninvolvedinthetrainingprogramme.

§ Documentationlogs.ForwildlifepopulationhealththeseincludeResident’sActivitySummary,WildlifeMedicineActivityLog,PathologyDiseaseandInvestigationActivityLog,andResearchActivityLog.Ifthetrainingprogrammeisnotyetfinished,thenthelogsmustbecompleteuptothetimeofapplication.

§ Publications.Atleasttwo(2)originalpeerreviewedpapersinthefieldofwildlifepopulationhealth,publishedinawellestablishedinternationallyrefereedscientificjournal(i.e.mentionedintheScienceCitationIndexorontheavianspecialtyreadinglist).Withbothofthesepaperstheapplicantmustbetheprincipalauthorandonemustbetheresultofanoriginalresearchproject.Publicationsmustbealreadypublishedorfullyacceptedforpublicationasevidencedbyaletterfromtheeditor.

§ Anyrelevantpreviouscorrespondencerelatingtothetrainingprogrammeandapplication.

§ EvidenceofpaymentofCredentialingforExaminationfee.TheapplicationmaterialsmustbearrangedasdetailedaboveandsentelectronicallytotheECZMSecretarybeforethedeadline.AnysubsequentcorrespondenceshouldbethroughtheSecretaryunlessadvisedotherwise.AllsubmittedapplicationmaterialsbecomethesolepropertyoftheECZMandwillnotbereturnedtotheapplicant.ApplyingforandsittingtheexaminationThewildlifepopulationhealthexaminationandapplicationprocess,followsthegeneralformatofallCollegeexaminationsasdetailedinChapter7ofthePoliciesandProcedures,Part1:GeneralInformation.Candidatesareadvisedtoreadthatchapteralongsidethissection,sotheyarefullyinformedaboutallaspectsoftheapplicationandexamination.Thewildlifepopulationhealthexaminationwillaimtotestallaspectsofwildlifepopulationhealth.Itwillbecomposedoftwosections:1.WrittensectioncontainingmultiplechoicequestionsThissectionconsistsof100multiplechoicequestionseachworthonepoint(totalavailablethissection;100points).Thepassmarkis65%.Eachmultiple-choicequestionconsistsoftwoparts:the

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stemandtheresponses.Thestemistheintroductorystatementorquestion.Theresponsesaresuggestedanswersthatcompletethestatementoranswerthequestionaskedinthestem.Foreachquestion,thereisonecorrectresponseand4distractors.TheMCQexaminationis3hoursindurationonly,withnoadditionalperusaltime.

2.Practical/writtensectiondesignedtotestinterpretiveskillsThesecondpartisthepractical/writtenpartoftheexamandcontains27questionsspreadacross9“stations”,with3separatequestionsateachstation.ThequestionsmaybebasedonphotographsorspecimensrelatedtotheWildlifePopulationHealthspecialty.Thephotographsorspecimensmaydepictanatomicalspecimens,instruments,relevantdiseases,pathologicalandhistologicalspecimens,orradiographs.Questionsmayusecase/outbreaksimulationsorrequirepracticalapplicationtoaspecificsituation,forexample,developingadiseaseriskassessmentforaspecifictranslocation.Eachquestionwillbereadorshowntothecandidateand20minuteswillbegiventoanswerbeforemovingon.Afterallquestionshavebeenseen,afurtherreviewperiodof20minuteswillbeallowed,wherethecandidatecanreturntoanystation,beforetheexampapersarehandedintotheexaminer.Eachquestionisworth10points(totalavailablethissection;270points).Thepassmarkis65%. TheintegrityoftheDiplomatestatusexaminationwillbemaintainedbytheEuropeanCollegeofZoologicalMedicinetoinsurethevalidityofscoresawardedtocandidates.Obligations for the successful examination candidate and requirements for re-application for anexamination,alongwithallotherpolicesanddeadlinesregardingtheexamarefoundinChapter7ofthePoliciesandProcedures,Part1:GeneralInformation.

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Chapter5:WildlifePopulationHealthApprovedResidencyTrainingSitesFacultyofVeterinaryMedicine,GhentUniversity,Merelbeke,BelgiumSupervisor:AnMartelAn.Martel@UGent.beUniversityofVeterinaryMedicine,Hannover,GermanyandUniversityofAarhus,DenmarkSupervisor:UrsulaSiebertandChristianSonneUrsula.Siebert@tiho-hannover.de;cs@bios.au.dkClinicforBirds,Reptiles,AmphibiansandFish,Justus-Liebig-UniversitätGiessen,GermanySupervisor:MichaelLierzMichael.Lierz@vetmed.uni-giessen.deDepartmentforGameBiology,PathologyandBreeding,UniversityofZagreb,Zagreb,CroatiaSupervisor:DeanKonjevicdean.konjevic@vef.hrInstituteofZoology,London,UnitedKingdomSupervisor:AndrewCunninghama.cunningham@ioz.ac.ukRoyalVeterinaryCollege,London,UnitedKingdomSupervisor:JulianDrewejdrewe@rvc.ac.ukCentreforFishandWildlifeHealth,VetsuisseFacultyBern,Bern,SwitzerlandSupervisor:Marie-PierreRyser-Degiorgismarie-pierre.ryser@vetsuisse.unibe.ch

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Chapter6:WildlifePopulationHealthReadingListResidents should use a wide literature base to research subjects, critically analyse their findings, anddistinguishbetweenknowledgethathasbeenestablishedandwherethereareuncertaintiesandaneedfor furtherenquiry. The residentdevelops skills in the judgementof researchvalidity (whether itusedscientifically validmethods and interpreted the results and drew conclusions that are justifiable), anddecision-making between important and unimportant information. To become aware of recentdevelopments in the field, theaimshouldbetodeveloptheability toknowwhereto lookandhowtosearchforrelevantinformationusingelectronicdatabases,ratherthandictationofaspecificreadinglist.Therearemanypotentially relevant journals andbookspublishedover awide timeframe thatmake itimpossibletolistallofthem.Reference and learningmaterials are global in scope –we are a European College, but that does notrestrictourknowledgeandexpertisetoEuropeanwildlife.Themajorityofexamquestionsarebasedonthe:1.corelistofbooks(relevantchapterswhereapplicable),2.corelistofjournals(goingback5yearsfromSeptember1sttoAugust31ste.g.e.g.foraresidentsittingtheexaminSpring2019,theperiodforthejournalswouldbeSeptember1st2013toAugust31st2018.),3.corelistofspecifiedjournalarticlesofparticularrelevancetoWildlifePopulationHealth(whichmaycomefromtheadditionallistorotherjournalsandisnotlimitedtothe5-yearwindow).Examquestionsmayalsobedrawnfromthe‘Additional’listofbooks/journalsbutthesewillbeintheminority(upto10%).Asper theECZMPOLICIES&PROCEDURES,PART1:GENERAL INFORMATIONUPDATEDOCTOBER20167.3.ThemajorityofexaminationquestionswillbereferencedfromtherelevantspecialtyECZMReadingList. However, occasional questions may be referenced from additional relevant resources where thesubjectmatterisimportantandrelevanttothespecialty.Journals:(onlypublicationsrelevanttoWildlifePopulationHealth):Journaltitle COREorADDITIONALDiseasesofAquaticOrganisms COREEuropeanJournalofWildlifeResearch COREEcoHealth COREJournalofWildlifeDiseases COREJournalofZooandWildlifeMedicine**NEWJOURNAL CORE(ADDITIONALfor2019exam)ConservationBiology ADDITIONALConservationPhysiology ADDITIONALEmergingInfectiousDiseases ADDITIONALInternationalJournalforParasitology:ParasitesandWildlife ADDITIONALJournalofWildlifeManagement ADDITIONALOIERevueScientifiqueetTechnique ADDITIONALNature ADDITIONALNatureCommunications ADDITIONALPLoSONE ADDITIONALPNAS ADDITIONALScience ADDITIONALScientificReports ADDITIONALTransboundaryandEmergingDiseases**NEWJOURNAL ADDITIONALVeterinaryPathology ADDITIONALWildlifeResearch**NEWJOURNAL ADDITIONAL

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Books:Booktitle COREor

ADDITIONALAtkinson,C.T.,Thomas,N.J.,Hunter,D.B.(Eds.)2008.ParasiticDiseasesofWildBirds.BlackwellPublishing.pp1-484

CORE

Delahay,R.,Smith,G.,Hutchings,M.2009.ManagementofdiseaseinWildMammals.Springerpp1-300

CORE

Fairbrother,A.,Locke,L.N.,Hoff,G.L.(eds.).1996.NoninfectiousDiseasesofWildlife,2nded.IowaStateUniversityPress,Ames,Iowa.pp1-219.(Onlyfollowingchapters:1,2,4-15,17)

CORE

Fowler,M.E.(ed).2011.ZooandWildAnimalMedicine7thedition,W.B.Saunders,Philadelphia.(Onlyfollowingchapters:9,18,20,28,29,30,33,38,46,51,54,59,72,83)

CORE

Fowler,M.E.(ed).2014.ZooandWildAnimalMedicine,8thedition,W.B.Saunders,Philadelphia.(Onlyfollowingchapters:1-64(forthesechaptersfeedingandhousingrequirementsareconsideredAdditionalinformation),72-76)

CORE

Gavier-Widen,D.,Meredith,A.,Duff,J.P.2012.InfectiousDiseasesofWildMammalsandBirdsinEurope.Wiley-Blackwellpp1-568.

CORE

Hudson,P.,Rizzoli,A.,Grenfell,B.T.,Hesterbeek,H.,Dobson,A.P.(2002)TheEcologyofWildlifeDiseases.OxfordUniversityPresspp.1-218.

CORE

IUCNManualofproceduresforwildlifediseaseriskanalysis.pp1-143,IUCN-OIE,downloadableforfreeathttps://portals.iucn.org/library/node/43386pp1-143.

CORE

IUCNGuidelinesforreintroductionsandotherconservationtranslocations.pp-136.,downloadableforfreeathttps://portals.iucn.org/library/efiles/documents/2013-009.pdf

CORE

Silvy,N.J.2012.TheWildlifeTechniquesManual7thEdition.(Volume1:Research,Volume2:Management).JohnHopkinsUniversityPress,pp1-1136

CORE

Thomas,N.J.,Hunter,D.B.,Atkinson,C.T.2008.InfectiousDiseasesofWildBirds.BlackwellPublishing.pp1-557.

CORE

Thrusfield,M.2007.VeterinaryEpidemiologyThirdEdition.BlackwellPublishing1-624.

CORE

West,G.,Heard,D,Caulkett,N.(eds).2014.ZooAnimalandWildlifeImmobilizationandAnesthesia.BlackwellPublishing.pp1-968.

CORE

Miller,E.R.,Lamberski,N.,Calle,P.(2018)Miller–Fowler’sZooandWildAnimalMedicineCurrentTherapy,Volume9.W.B.Saunders,Philadelphia.(Onlychaptersrelevanttofree-livingwildlife.)**NEWBOOK

CORE(ADDITIONALfor2019exam)

Terio,K.,McAloose,D.,St.Leger,J.(Eds)(2018).PathologyofWildlifeandZooAnimals.1stEdition.AcademicPress.Pp.1-1136.**NEWBOOK

CORE(ADDITIONALfor2019exam)

AguirreAA,etal.(eds).2012.NewDirectionsinConservationMedicine.Appliedexamplesofecologicalhealth.OxfordUniversityPress,Inc.,NewYork,NY.pp1-672.

ADDTIONAL

Friend,M.2006.DiseaseEmergenceandResurgence:TheWildlife-HumanConnection.USGeologicalSurvey.pp1-357,downloadableforfreeathttp://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/publications/disease_emergence/

ADDITIONAL

Friend,M.,Franson,T.C.(eds).1999.FieldManualofWildlifeDiseases:GeneralFieldProceduresandDiseasesofBirds.U.S.GeologicalSurvey.pp1-426,downloadableforfreeathttp://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/publications/field_manual/

ADDITIONAL

Gulland,F.M.D,Dierauf,L.A.,Whitman,K.L.(2018)CRCHandbookofMarineMammalMedicine.3rdEdition.CRCPress.Pp.1-1124.(Onlychaptersrelevanttofree-livingwildlife)NEWBOOK

ADDITIONAL

LaddsP.(2009)PathologyofAustralianNativeWildlifePp.1-648**NEWBOOK ADDTIONAL

17

Pfeiffer,D.U.2009.VeterinaryEpidemiology:Anintroduction,Wiley-Blackwellpp1-150.

ADDITIONAL

Samuel,W.M.,Pybus,M.J.,Kocan,A.A.(eds).2001.ParasiticDiseasesofWildMammals,2nded.ISUPress,Ames,Iowa.pp1-559

ADDITIONAL

Williams,E.S.,Barker,I.K.(eds).2001.InfectiousDiseasesofWildMammals,3rded.ISUPress,Ames,Iowa.pp1-560

ADDITIONAL

Wobeser,G.A.2007.InvestigationandManagementofDiseaseinWildAnimals2ndedition.Springerpp1-404

ADDITIONAL

Wobeser,G.A.2005.EssentialsofDiseaseinWildAnimals.BlackwellPublishing.pp1-256

ADDITIONAL

REVISEDANDAPPROVED,AUGUST2018FOLLOWINGTHEAGM