Europe: Feudalism
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Transcript of Europe: Feudalism
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Europe: FeudalismEmerging Europe and the Byzantine
Empire
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Background• Roman Empire
o 3rd and 4th Century Pope o Martyrs
Peter Inspiration
o Barbarians Constant threat Roman Man’s Duty
o Apostates and Apologistso Emperor Diocletiano Constantine
Successor Vision Sun God – Mithras Edict of Milan Byzantium
• Constantinople
• Threats
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Background• Arius of Alexander
o Heresyo Council of Nicaeao St. Nicholas
• Splito Western and Eastern Roman Empireo 476 AD
• Gothic Tribeso Ostrogothic King o Emperor in Constantinopleo Western part of the empire
Allowed Barbarians to occupy Taxes
o Ostrogoth’s Theodoric Pope Conversion
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I. The New Germanic Kingdoms
A. Destroy all that is "Roman" a. Visigoths b. Roman Govt.
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II. The Kingdom of the Franks
A.Long-lastingB.Clovis
a. Conversion
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III. Germanic Society
A.Family B.Wergild
a. "money for a man"C. Ordeal
a. trial by Cold Waterb. trial by Hot Ironc. trial by Hot Waterd. trial by Host (if defendant was a priest)
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IV. The Role of the Church
A.Organization of the Churcha. Priestb. Bishop (dioceses)c. Archbishop (Bishop of Rome)
B.Gregory I a. Papal States
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C. The Monk and Missionsa. St. Benedictb. Ora et Labora
D. Monasteries a. abbotb. Monks = heroes of Christian
Civilization
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V. Charlemagne
A.Downfall of the Frankish Kingdoma. Pepin
B.The Carolingian Empire C.Roman Emperor D.An Intellectual Renewal
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Section 2Feudalism
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I. Invaders
A.The Carolingian Empire Falls ApartB. Invasions
a. Muslimsb. Magyarsc. Vikings
i. love of adventure and warii. Dragon Ships
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II. Feudalism
A.DevelopmentB.Knights & Vassals
a. fief C.Feudal Contract
a. relationship between lord and vassalD.The Nobility of the Middle Ages
a. love of warfareb. chivalry
E.Aristocratic Women
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Section 3The Growth of European
Kingdoms
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I. England in the Middle Ages
A.Angels & SaxonsB.The Norman Conquest
a. October 14, 1066b. William of Normandy
i. Battle of Hastingsii. Bayeux Tapestry iii. Domesday Book
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C. Henry IIa. Common Law Systemb. Conflict with Thomas a' Becket c. Magna Cartad. Parliament
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II. The French Kingdom
A.The Capetian Dynasty a) Hugh Capet
B.Philip II Augustus a. Estates General
1. Clergy 2. Nobles3. Everyone else
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III. Holy Roman Empire
A.Otto I a. Defeted the Magyars in 955b. "Emperor of the Romans” – Pope John XII
B.Struggles in Italya. Frederick I and Frederick II
C.Effect on the Empire
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IV. Central & Eastern Europe
A.Slavic People B.Western Slavs
a) Poland and Bohemian Kingdomsb) Christianity
C.Southern & Eastern Slavsa. Cyril and Methodius b. Orthodox Christianityc. Glagolitic Alphabet - Cyrillic
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V. Develoment of Russia
A.Viking Influencea) Named Rulers “Rus”
B.Kievan Rusa) Viking leader Olegb) Settled in Kievc) Orthodox Christianityd) 1169- civil war and invasion
C.Mongol Rule a) 13th Century Mongolsb) Alexander Nevsky – Khan - Moscow
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Section 4: The Byzantine Empire & the
Crusades
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I. The Reign of Justinian
A.Constantinoplea) Old eastern part of the Roman Empireb) Survived – Islamic Forces
B."Reestablish" the Roman Empirea) Justinianb) Empire – Italy, Spain, Asia Minor,
Palestine, and SyriaC.The Body Civil Law
a) Codification of Roman Law b) Sole Source of Law
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II. From Eastern Roman Empire to Byzantine Empire
A. Justiniana) Problems with the Empire
B. Threat from Arabs a) Rise of United Arab groups
C. Transition to Byzantine Empirea) Eastern Roman Empire – Balkans and Asia Minorb) Both Christian and Greekc) Orthodox Church/ Emperor - Control
D. Life in Constantinople a. Tradeb. Building c. Hagia Sophia "The Church of Holy Wisdom"
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III. New Heights and New Problems
A. The Macedonians a) Ruled from 867-1081b) Trade
B. 1054a) Split Eastern Ortodox and Roman Catholicb) Pope Leo IX and Michael Cerularius
C. Seljuk Turksa) 1071 – Manzkert – Alexius I
D. Crusadesa. Background to Conflict
a. Pope Urban IIb. Holy War – Religion, Fame and Fortune