Europe, Africa, and Asia The Beginnings of our Global Age.
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Transcript of Europe, Africa, and Asia The Beginnings of our Global Age.
Prince Henry decides to explore Portugal
Wants to make Portugal a world power and hoped to convert people to Christianity.
He encourages advances in mapmaking (cartography) and navigation
He maps out the African coastLegacy: oes succeed in making Portugal a
world power but does not succeed in spreading Christianity.
Vasco da Gama
Early explorers could not navigate from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea and into the Indian Ocean. The Suez Canal was not artificially manufactured until the 1860’s. This man made canal further connected Eastern Europe to Asia.
Seeking India
Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama finds India
Acquires a large cargo ship of Spices that proves to be highly profitable
Creates a vast empire and trade routes that are open to the world
Other Explorers?Who is this guy? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=raPLzhzxAeU&safety_mode
=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
Christopher ColumbusMain accomplishments of Columbus
first European (except for the Vikings) to reach the Americas; he motivated other explorers
Treaty of Tordesillas Treaty of Tordesillas affected competition
among European nations It intensified competitionEuropean nations felt they needed to claim
land quickly before there was nothing left Line of Demarcation: divided European
and non-European countries into 2 zones controlled by Spain and Portugal
Effects of European ExplorationWhat effects did European exploration have on the people of Africa?Pgs. 90-93
European Footholds
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Slave Trade
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New African States
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Sec. 2 Turbulent Centuries in Africa
Europeans set up posts along Africa’s coast -bases to repair and resupply ships
European Slave Trade—plantations—large estates, Europeans bought large #s of slaves to work for them.
Expansion encourages Slave TradeAfrican nations competed to dominate the
slave tradeAfrican leaders resisted, but in the end were
not successful.
New African StatesDepended on slave trade and waged war on
neighboring tribes in order to dominate the slave trade.
Asante KingdomOsei Tutu: trading city of KumasiConquered neighboring kingdoms and unifiedTraded with Europeans exchanging gold and slaves for
firearmsOyo empire
Present day NigeriaTraded with Europeans and built an army to establish
control.Traded at the port city of Porto-Novo
MONOPOLY: is the exclusive control of a business or industry.
Cape Town• Dutch immigrants built Cape Town—the first
permanent European settlement• Gave sailors a direct route to Asia• Used to supply ships sailing to and from the
East Indies• Boers: Dutch farmers who settled around Cape
Town—felt Africans were inferior
How Did European Nations Build Empires in South and Southeast Asia?Pgs. 95-98
Portugal
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Netherlands
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Spain
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Britain
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Portugal Builds an Eastern EmpirePortugal first gained a foothold in Asia through
Vasco da Gama. Portuguese ships had unmatched powerful
cannons allowing them to gain control of the Indian Ocean and spice trade.
Afonso de Albuquerque was able to gain favor with portions of Southern India.
Goa: major military and commercial base for Portugal off the coast of India.
Port Malacca: outpost in the East Indies.Outposts: distant areas under Portuguese
control.
Portugal’s Legacy in the AreaWas Portugal successful in making inroads into the region? Why?
Mughal Empire
Netherlands: DutchDutch are able to establish STRONG
presence in the regionStrong Sea Power: used military forceDutch East India Company—formed by
wealthy Dutch merchants. Sovereign powers…allowing them to build armies, wage war, negotiate peace treaties, and govern overseas territory.
Set up to protect trade by the DutchCaptured Malaca from PortugueseInfluence remained up to 1900’s
Spain Seizes the Philippines
Foothold in the Philippines: Filipinos were not united making it easier for Spain to gain control.
Spanish shipped silver mined in Mexico and Peru across the Pacific to the Philippines. They used the silver to buy goods in China. Large quantities of American silver flowed into the economies of East Asian nations.
Mughal India and European Traders
Mughals: largest, richest, most powerful kingdom in Europe.
Mughals allowed Dutch, Portuguese, French, and British traders to set up coastal ports, warehouses in Indian coastal towns.
Religious conflict between Hindu and Muslim princes rekindled and civil war depleted resources.
British and French established allegiances and organized company’s of sepoys: Indian troops.
Power-Shift: the infighting, corruption, and conflict lead to British and Frances power. Britain and France then begin engaging in conflict and competition.
European Contact With Ming ChinaPortugal reached China from their Malaccan
base in 1514.Limitations on trade
China’s textiles and metalwork were superior to Europeans.
Demanded payment in gold or silver.Allowed one solitary location to trade at
Macao in present day Guangzhou. Dutch, English and other Europeans traded
under the supervision of imperial officials.
Matteo RicciJesuit priest born in Italy.Made a strong impression
on the Chinese.Jesuits, and other priests
had little success spreading their religious beliefs in China.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mav-rG-z3O4&feature=player_embedded
The Manchu ConquestManchus: ruled a region in the northeast,
Manchuria, that had been influenced by Chinese civilization.
Manchu armies seized Beijing and made it their capital. (1644)
Qing Dynasty: adopted Confucian system of government. Shared government positions…1 Qing, 1 Chinese
Kangxi extended Chinese power in Central Asia and promoted Chinese culture.
Qianlong (Kangxi grand-son) expanded China’s borders to rule the largest are in their history.
ManchuSpreading Peace and Prosperity
Economy expandedAgriculture: crops from Americas were
successfully introduced.Ag-Boom led to increased population
140 Million 1740 to 300 Million 1800
Rejecting Contact With Europeans Qianlong rejected trade from westerners
(Ming). Lord Macartney (British) is an example of how not to interact. What happened?
Analyze the decisions of Chinese trade.
Foreign Traders in JapanPortuguese, Dutch, Spanish, and British
welcomed.Traded for firearms to aid in control of people
Jesuits: Francis Xavier spread ChristianityJapanese questioned allegiance of Christians.
Welcomed the printing press.Tokugawas expelled missionaries and killed
thousands of Japanese Christians.Japan outlawed building large ships, and forbade
travel.Nagasaki harbor: permitted Dutch ships to trade to
keep informed on worldly affairs. Why the Dutch?