Eukaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Structure and FunctionFunction

This is VITAL This is VITAL information!!!!!!!!information!!!!!!!!

CytoplasmCytoplasm

Cyto = cellCyto = cell Plasm = forming substancePlasm = forming substance

Jellylike fluid inside the cell, but Jellylike fluid inside the cell, but outside of the nucleus which outside of the nucleus which contains the organelles contains the organelles

NucleusNucleus

Large dark “blob” in cellLarge dark “blob” in cell Control center of the cellControl center of the cell Contains DNAContains DNA Chromatin – granular material, DNA Chromatin – granular material, DNA

bound to proteinsbound to proteins Chromosomes – condensed chromatinChromosomes – condensed chromatin Surrounded by a nuclear envelopeSurrounded by a nuclear envelope Nucleolus – makes ribosomesNucleolus – makes ribosomes

RibosomesRibosomes

Sites where proteins are Sites where proteins are assembledassembled

Composed of RNA and proteinComposed of RNA and protein

Are attached to the ER (rough Are attached to the ER (rough appearance) or free floating in appearance) or free floating in cytoplasmcytoplasm

Endoplasmic Reticulum Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)(ER) Smooth ER – does not have Smooth ER – does not have

ribosomes attached, make lipids ribosomes attached, make lipids for membranes, some contain for membranes, some contain enzymes to detoxify drugs (liver enzymes to detoxify drugs (liver cells)cells)

Rough ER – has ribsosomes (sand Rough ER – has ribsosomes (sand papery) where proteins are made papery) where proteins are made and transportedand transported

Golgi Bodies Golgi Bodies (Apparatus)(Apparatus) Series of flattened sac-Series of flattened sac-

like structureslike structures Sorts, modifies, and Sorts, modifies, and

packages proteins packages proteins before shipping them before shipping them to other parts of the to other parts of the cell, or to the outside cell, or to the outside of the cellof the cell

Packing and shipping Packing and shipping departmentdepartment

LysosomesLysosomes

Small organelles filled with Small organelles filled with digestive enzymesdigestive enzymes

Breakdown of “junk” in the cell Breakdown of “junk” in the cell that could build up and eventually that could build up and eventually kill the cellkill the cell

Clean-up crew, janitors of cell, Clean-up crew, janitors of cell, garbage trucksgarbage trucks

VacuolesVacuoles

Empty spaces Empty spaces (vacuums) that (vacuums) that store water, food, store water, food, waste, anything waste, anything really that the really that the cell needs to cell needs to storestore

Warehouse of the Warehouse of the cellcell

MitochondriaMitochondria

Site of cellular Site of cellular respiration respiration (Chapter 9)(Chapter 9)

Releases energy Releases energy by breaking by breaking down glucosedown glucose

Powerhouse of Powerhouse of the cellthe cell

ChloroplastsChloroplasts

Found only in plant cellsFound only in plant cells Site of photosynthesis (Chapter 8)Site of photosynthesis (Chapter 8)

CytoskeletonCytoskeleton

Network of protein filaments that Network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shapehelps the cell maintain its shape

Also involved in movementAlso involved in movement Centrioles – filaments located Centrioles – filaments located

near the nucleus in animal cells near the nucleus in animal cells involved in cell divisioninvolved in cell division

Cell MembraneCell Membrane

Found in plant and animal cellsFound in plant and animal cells Regulates what enters into and Regulates what enters into and

out of cellsout of cells Lipid bilayerLipid bilayer Selectively permeable – lets some Selectively permeable – lets some

things in and outthings in and out

Cell WallCell Wall

Found in plant cellsFound in plant cells Provides support and protectionProvides support and protection Made up of carbohydrate Made up of carbohydrate

(cellulose) and proteins(cellulose) and proteins ““crunch” of lettuce or celerycrunch” of lettuce or celery WoodWood Paper (cellulose)Paper (cellulose)