Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Function Animal and Plant Cells.
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Transcript of Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Function Animal and Plant Cells.
Eukaryotic Cell Structure and
Function
Animal and Plant Cells
Essential Questions
• How does a cell function?• How do materials the cell
needs get into the cell?• What are the 3 most important
organelles and what do they do?
Eukaryotic Cell Structure
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• Cell membrane – membrane that surrounds cell and separates outer from inner.
• Nucleus – internal compartment of cell that houses cell’s DNA
• Organelles – structures in a cell that carry out specific jobs for cell.
• Cytoplasm – the jelly-like fluid where the organelles “float.”
Cytoskeleton
• Cytoskeleton – network of protein filaments( microtubules) in cytoplasm.– help cell maintain shape, move,
and move organelles.– help with cell division
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Cytoskeleton
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Inside the Nucleus
• Nuclear Envelope – membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
• Chromatin – consists of DNA wrapped around proteins.
• Chromosomes – condensed string-like structure that forms from DNA just before the cell divides.
• Nucleolus – structure within the nucleus that makes ribosomes.
Inside the Nucleus
Nuclear Envelope
Chromatin
Nucleolus
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Ribosomes
• Ribosomes – made of RNA and protein. Make Proteins!
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Ribosomes
Ribosome
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Vesicle
• Small, membrane-bound sac that transports substances in cells– Some become lysosomes
Vesicle
vesicle
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• Endoplasmic reticulum – internal membrane system of the cell that moves proteins and other substances.– Rough ER – has ribosomes,
makes proteins– Smooth ER – no ribosomes,
makes lipids, and breaks down toxins
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Rough ER
Smooth ER
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Golgi Apparatus
• Golgi Apparatus – modifies, sorts, and packages proteins.– like UPS
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Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Apparatus
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Lysosomes
• Lysosomes – small organelles filled with enzymes.– Digest molecules and old cell
parts to be used by the cell
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Mitochondria
• Mitochondria – converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.– “Powerhouse of the Cell!”– Makes energy (ATP).
Has own DNA
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Mitochondria
Mitochondria
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Plant Cells – 3 features Animal cells don’t have.
Central Vacuole
• Central Vacuole – large, space; stores water and other substances such as ions, nutrients, and wastes.
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Central Vacuole
Vacuoles
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Chloroplasts
• Chloroplasts – organelles that capture light energy from sunand convert it into chemical energy. (Photosynthesis)– Found only in plants, algae, and some
bacteria.– Has own DNA.
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Chloroplasts
Chloroplast
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Cell wall
• Cell Wall - structure surrounding cell membrane that provides structure and shape. – composed of proteins, carbs,
and cellulose– protects from damage and
connects it to next cell
Cell Wall
Cell wall
Animal Cell vs. Plant Cell
Activities
• Make foldable of plant and animal cell. – Must have drawing of both
animal and plant cells.– Must be colored and labeled.– Must have venn diagram
comparing cells.– Will be graded with rubric
• Homework – Cell City Analogy