Eugenics and Genocide in and from Australia (1999) by Dr Romesh Arya Chakravarti

7/24/2019 Eugenics and Genocide in and from Australia (1999) by Dr Romesh Arya Chakravarti

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MPC Wucjendtebks mttps9//www.hdn`cbbf.nbl/MbjestenPkev`rsetyCrescdk

mttps9//www.snreca.nbl/rbl`smRs`k`werdtk

4

@uo`kens dka O`kbnea` ek

dka hrbl Dustrdjed

Sbl`sm Dryd Nmdfrdvdrte (LA)


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3

NBKQ@KQ^9

Ektrbauntebk...>

Ellukezdtebk, m`pdtetes C dka DEA^.....47

^nmezbpmr`ked dka abpdlek` cjbnf`rs..>0

Ldnhdrjdk` Curk`t N`ktr` dka FC.10

Wsynmbdkdjyses bh psynmedtry..07

Aruo xp`rel`ktdtebk dka cebjboendj wdrhdr`..87

Ldnhdrjdk` Curk`t N`ktr` dka Ekt`rkdtebkdj M`djtm..?3

Xentbredk psynmedtry dka jetmeul...=7

Bhh`kn` dka a`h`kn`.=8Hre`kas, k`le`s dka prbt`nteko a`lbnrdny.57

S`n`kt cebjboendj wdrhdr`....51

Ldnhdrjdk` Curk`t N`ktr` bk DEA^.478

D cre`h mestbry bh L`jcburk`.441

@uo`kens dka l`ktdj myoèk`.44=

L`ktdj M`djtm Hbukadtebk.435

Qm` a`v`jbpl`kt bh psynmedtry ek Dustrdjed417

D p`rsbkdj `xp`re`kn`41=

Wrìuaenà Suj`s.40>Wsynmedtry ek tm` Cretesm @lper`..487

Dl`rendk Wsynmedtry ek Dustrdjed488

Làendj wdrs dka tm` DEA^ ekaustry...4?7

Aes`ds` Nr`dtebk..4=4

^`nr`t Wbjen`, _drhdr` dka tm` Nbllbkw`djtm..454

L`ktdj M`djtm S`ve`w Cbdra.....344

Wsynmedtry, presbks dka vebj`kn`.....348

^FC dka Wdken.....318

Cebjboendj wdrhdr` dka tm` ldss làed.307Dktdobkesl c`tw``k tm` ^tdt`s..303

Qm` aesuketà kdtebks..301

Aedokbseko tm` Ojbcdj @nbkbly..305

S`h`r`kn`s..357


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>

@PO@KEN^ & O@KBNEA@ EK DKA HSBL DP^QSDJED3777 ArSbl`sm `k`werdtk`

Ek r`n`kt y`drs tm`r` mds c``k eknr`dseko ekt`rkdtebkdj dtt`ktebk bk

dka nbkn`rk dcbut muldk reomts dcus`s ek Dustrdjed, pdrtenujdrjy dodeksttm` Dcbreoekdj pbpujdtebk bh Dustrdjed. Qm` ekaeo`kbus ekmdcetdkts bh tmes

w`djtmy kdtebk suhh`r hrbl dk dppdjjeko stdt` bh m`djtm, wetm d jeh`

`xp`ntdkny dcbut 37 y`drs j`ss tmdk tm` Ndundsedk pbpujdtebk bh

Dustrdjed. Qm` ejjk`ss`s tmdt Dcbreoekdj p`bpj` dr` ayeko hrbl eknjua`

`dsejy nurdcj` cdnt`redj ekh`ntebus aes`ds`s, ekh`ntebus aedrrmb`d, dka

ldjkutretebk ek d pdtt`rk bh aes`ds` nbllbk ek pbbr kdtebks. Qm`

dcbreoekdj pbpujdtebk bh Dustrdjed es djsb suci`nt tb d meom eknea`kn` bh

aedc`t`s l`jjetus dka myp`rt`ksebk, cbtm bh wmenm pràespbs` tb m`drt

aes`ds` dka feak`y adldo`. Qm`s` jdtt`r nbkaetebks dr` djsb eknr`dsekojynbllbk ek tm` a`sn`kadkts bh Dhrendk sjdv`s ek Kbrtm Dl`rend. C`ndus`

o`k`ten r`jdtev`s stejj jeveko ek Dhrend ab kbt suhh`r hrbl nblpdrdcj` rdt`s

bh myp`rt`ksebk dka aedc`t`s ds tmèr r`jdtev`s wmb w`r` tdf`k tb

Dl`rend, et es nj`dr tmdt `kverbkl`ktdj hdntbrs (eknjuaeko ae`tdry hdntbrs

dka psynmbjboendj hdntbrs) rdtm`r tmdk o`k`ten hdntbrs lust c` r`spbksecj`

hbr tmes eknr`ds`.

D selejdr setudtebk dppje`s tb Dcbreoekdj p`bpj` ek Dustrdjed9 lbst bh

tm` ejjk`ss dka a`dtm nurr`ktjy bnnurreko es au` tb nurdcj`, pr`v`ktdcj`prbcj`ls wmenm dr` cèko doordvdtà dt pr`s`kt cy tm` `kverbkl`kts ek

wmenm Dcbreoekdj p`bpj` dr` hbrnà tb jev`, dka tm` hbba, arekf dka

làendj tr`dtl`kt tm`y dr` prbveaà wetm dka a`prevà bh. Ek daaetebk tb

ekh`ntebks dka a`hene`kny aes`ds`s, djnbmbj-ekaunà nmrbken ejjk`ss dka

`drjy a`dtm mdv` c``k h`dtur`s bh tw`kte`tm n`ktury surveveko dcbreoekdj

nbllukete`s, d prbcj`l ektrbaunà dka ldektdekà cy tm` wmet`-

nbktrbjjà djnbmbj ekaustry dka dc`ttà cy Nbllbkw`djtm, ^tdt` dka

Q`rretbry obv`rkl`kt suppbrt bh djnbmbj prblbtebk cy tmes ldssev`

ekaustry. D hurtm`r dtrbnety nbllettà dodekst tm` dcbreoekdj p`bpj` wdstm` a`jec`rdt` ektrbauntebk bh pjdou`s ved cjdkf`ts nbktdlekdtà wetm

sldjjpbx dka btm`r ekh`ntebks (cebjboendj wdrhdr`), ek d selejdr hdsmebk tb

tm` o`kbnea` bh Dl`rendk Ekaedks cy Cretesm nbjbkests ek tmdt nbktek`kt

(F`rek, 4555). Nm`lendj pbesbks tbb w`r` usà. Ibmk Wejo`r ek D ^`nr`t

Nbuktry(45=5) wret`s bh `v`kts ek tm` 45tm

N`ktury9


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1

_m`r` tm` drly nbuja kbt a`h`dt tm` Dustrdjedks, nm`lendjs

w`r` usà. Qm` ^yak`y Lbketbrnbll`ktà tmdt ldss pbesbkeko cy

strynmkek`, pmbspmbrus dka drs`ken es lunm sdh`r. D Tu``ksjdka

Obv`rkl`kt r`pbrt a`snrecà tm` `hh`nt9 tm` keoo`rs *w`r`

oev`k+sbl`tmeko r`djjy stdrtjeko tb f``p tm`l que`ttm` rdtebksnbktdekà dcbut ds lunm strynmkek` ds dkytmeko dka kbt bk` bh tm`

lbc `sndpàlbr` tmdk d mukarà cjdnfs w`r` str`tnmà but cy

tmes rus` bh tm` bwk`r bh Jbko Jdobbk.

Qm` preknepdj fejjeko he`jas w`r` ek Tu``ksjdka, wm`r` d sp`nedjjy

hbrlà nbjbkedj drly, tm` Kdtev` Lbuktà Ndjvdry, usà ^kea`r

rehj`s wmbs` wea` cbr` tbr` p`bpj` dpdrt. Qmes hbrn` bp`rdtà ds

`xt`rlekdtebk squdas bh 8-43 p`rsbkk`j s`kt tb pdnehy. Mestbredk

Dkar`w Ldrfus mds jef`kà tm`l tb Metj`rs @eksdtzorupp`k, tm`

`jet` stbrltrbbp`rs dsseokà tb `xt`rlekdt` I`ws ek tm` ekvdaàdr`ds. (p.38)

Bk` nbuja jev` bk`s wmbj` jeh` ek sucurcdk L`jcburk` dka k`v`r l``t

dk Dcbreoekdj p`rsbk. Bk` leomt mdrajy `v`k s`` bk`. Qmes es c`ndus` bv`r

tm` pdst bk` mukarà y`drs lbst bh tm` ekaeo`kbus p`bpj` wmb jevà ek

tmes dr`d mdv` c``k arev`k dwdy, pbesbkà, muktà br jbnfà up. U`t hbr

tmbusdkas bh y`drs kul`rbus hdleje`s bh Dcbreoekdj p`bpj` mda jevà ek

tm` h`rtej`, hbr`stà dr`ds bh wmdt w` kbw ndjj ^butm`rk Xentbred. Qmes

dr`d, pdrt bh d ldssev` vbjndken pjdt`, prbveaà d cbuktehuj suppjy bh hbba,hr`sm wdt`r, dnn`ss tb tm` s`d (nbktdekeko hesm dka sm`jjhesm) dka btm`r

kdturdjjy bnnurreko k`n`ssete`s hbr d jbko, mdppy, m`djtmy jeh`. ^butm-

@dst`rk Dustrdjed dka Qdsldked djsb nbktdekà sbl` bh tm` lbst

ldokehen`kt hbr`sts ek tm` wbrja, nbktdekeko tm` wbrjas tdjj`st hjbw`reko

tr``, tm` Lbuktdek Dsm (@undjyptus Sòkdks). Et nbktdekà kdturdj jdf`s

dka sprekos, wdt`rhdjjs, rev`rs dka ndv`s. Et djsb nbktdekà ldky

tmbusdkas bh p`bpj` wmb mda jevà m`r` sekn` tel` ell`lbredj dka wmb

kurturà dka r`sp`ntà tmèr mbl`jdka hdr lbr` tmdk tm` @urbp`dk

ekvda`rs wmb ndl` m`r` ek s`drnm bh telc`r, obja, jdka dka p`bpj` tb`xpjbet.

Qm` tr`dtl`kt bh ekaeo`kbus p`bpj` ek Dustrdjed cy Cretesm nbjbkests es

w`jj sulldresà cy tm` iburkdjest ^tudrt Sektbuj ek tm` ektrbauntebk bh mes

455> cbbf Qm` _dejeko9 D Kdtebkdj Cjdnf Brdj Mestbry9


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0

Qm` tw`kte`tm n`ktury wds kb j`ss crutdj. Dht`r tm` fejjekos bh

tm` èomt``ktm dka kek`t``ktm n`kture`s ndl` lbr` vebj`kn`, lbr`

dcus`, elpresbkl`kt, mulejedtebk, d orbt`squ` odjj`ry bh jdws wmenm

a`keà ekaeo`kbus p`bpj` tmèr hukadl`ktdj muldk reomts. Qm`

lessebkdre`s odv` tm`l d mdv`k hrbl tm` cujj`ts bh tm` pbjen` dkatm` wmet` jdkabwk`rs, cut usudjjy tm` pren` r`querà wds tmèr

nujtur`. Ds tm` lessebkdre`s dt M`rldkkscuro, ek N`ktrdj Dustrdjed,

sdko tm`l Cdnm ndktdtds, tm`y prdyà hbr Oba tb nmdko` tm` m`drt bh

tm` Dustrdjedk Dcbreoek`.

Ek lbst bh Dustrdjed, ekaeo`kbus p`bpj` w`r` hbrceaa`k tb sp`df

tmèr mukaràs bh c`dutehuj jdkoudo`s, dka pursu` tmèr nujtur`. Qm`y

w`r` obv`rkà cy prbt`ntebk cbdras wmbs` dcsbjut` pbw`rs

a`t`rlekà wm`r` dka mbw tm`y wbuja jev`. Jbndj prbt`ntbrs w`r`

bht`k tm` pbjen` dka usudjjy ceobtà wmet`s veoejdktjy pursuekopbjene`s a`seokà tb cr`à but tm` cjdnf, kbt slbbtmeko tm` pejjbw

bh d ayeko rdn` cut suhhbndteko tm`l uka`r et. Wresbk`rs ek k`nf nmdeks

dr` dlbko tmes nbuktrys lbst hbrceaaeko mestbrendj eldo`s. Nmejar`k

w`r` skdtnmà hrbl tmèr pdr`kts drls cy pbjen` dka w`jhdr`

bhhen`rs dka tm`k s`kt but tb wbrf ds abl`sten s`rvdkts dka

jdcbur`rs hbr jettj` br kb lbk`y. (p.0)

Ek tmes cbbf, tm` ekhju`kn` bh ùo`ken tm`bre`s ek tm` syst`ldten

o`kbnea` bh tm` ekaeo`kbus p`bpj` bh Dustrdjed wejj c` `xpjbrà, sekn` tmessmàs jeomt bk tm` hujj elpjendtebks bh dtt`lpts tb cr`à but tm` cjdnf

dka wmy et wds tmdt Dcbreoek`s w`r` nbksea`rà tb c` d ayeko rdn`. Et

djsb a`lbkstrdt`s mbw p`rsest`kt tm`s` t`ka`kne`s mdv` c``k ek tm`

làendj dka pbjetendj pbjene`s bh Dustrdjed, dka wmy tmes es kbt d prbcj`l bh

Dustrdjeds pdst cut bh Dustrdjeds pr`s`kt. Dk `xdlekdtebk bh tm` mestbry

bh ùo`kens dka psynmedtren tm`bry dka prdnten` ek Dustrdjed djsb smbws

tmdt btm`r rdn`s ek tmes kdtebk mdv` djsb c``k tdro`tà cy aesnrelekdtbry

pbjetendj, sbnedj dka làendj pbjene s dka tr`dtl`kts cdsà bk ùo`ken dka

r`jdtà ^bnedj Adrwekest tm`bre`s dka elpj`l`ktdtebk prbordls. ^bl`bh tm`s` tr`dtl`kts mdv` dlbuktà tb tbrtur` dka ldss-lura`r, dka

mdv` bnnurrà ek wmdt w`r` r`h`rrà tb r`trbsp`ntev`jy ek Kdze O`rldky

ds nbkn`ktrdtebk ndlps, cut ek Dustrdjed, dr` usudjjy t`rlà r`s`rv`s,

lessebks, mbspetdjs, presbks dka dcbreoekdj nblpbukas.


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Ek D ^`nr`t Nbuktry, Ibmk Wejo`r a`snrec`s nbkaetebks ek dk dcbreoekdj

r`s`rv` kdlà tm` ^dktd Q`r`sd Lessebk ek tm` 4587s9

Dcbut tmr`` mukarà Dcbreoekdj p`bpj` jevà ek tm` ndlp, ek

a`da ndrs dka uka`r sm`jt`rs bh j`dv`s dka k`wspdp`rs stehh wetm

hje`s dka wmdt hje`s mda j`ht. Qm` wmet` dalekestrdtbr mda nblpj`t`dutmbrety bv`r tmèr jev`s. M` nbuja aevea` hdleje`s cy s`kaeko

trbucj`ldf`rs ektb tm` cusm dka nmejar`k tb mbl`s ek tm` nete`s

hrbl wmenm tm`y wbuja k`v`r r`turk. Ds pukesml`kt m` nbuja

wetmmbja hbba dka wdt`r dka nbkhesndt` lbk`y dka p`rsbkdj

pbss`ssebks. M`r` Dcbreoek`s w`r` cèko pmdsà ektb sbne`ty cy

wdy bh dk erbk smà, d prbtbtyp` bh wmenm wds bk aespjdy c`meka

tm` odrcdo` aulp. Qm`yjj c` mbus`-crbf`k ek tmdt, sdea tm`

dalekestrdtbr, daaeko ru`hujjy tmdt kb bk` wdktà tb jev` ek et

c`ndus` et wds ètm`r tbb mbt br tbb nbja. (p.>1)

êlejdr nbkaetebks tb tmbs` w`r` tm` jbt bh surveveko Dcbreoekdj

nbllukete`s drbuka Dustrdjed - ek sbl` tm`y w`r` wbrs`. D nbkstdkt

mdrdssl`kt dka hr`qu`kt lura`r bh dcbreoek`s (`sp`nedjjy tmbs` ek pbjen`

nustbay) cy pbjen` w`r` daaetebkdj prbcj`ls wmenm mdv` nbktekuà

tmrbuombut tm` tw`kte`tm n`ktury, dka c`ndl` tm` suci`nt bh d rbydj

nbllessebk ek tm` 45=7s. Wejo`r wret`s, bh tmes9

Dk dcbreoekdj hre`ka r`l`lc`rs mes lbtm`r cèko teà tb d

v`rdkad pbst, dwdeteko tm` vesets bh d wmet` ldk wmb dcusà m`r dkames sest`r r`p`dtàjy. Kb bk` wds pukesmà. Dkbtm`r hre`ka, d jdwy`r,

r`l`lc`rs dk uknj` smbt a`da cy d pbjen`ldk ek d rdejwdy ydra. Kb

bk` wds pukesmà. Dkbtm`r a`snrecà tm` a`neldtebk bh mes

ordkapdr`kts hdlejy hbr ndttj` st`djeko, dka tm` lura`r bh dk dukt

dt m`r hrbkt abbr. E fkbw bh btm`r sunm stbre`s6 tm` lbst nbllbk es

bh vebj`kt a`dtm wmej` ek pbjen` nustbay.

_met` sej`kn` es tm` btm`r nblpbk`kt. Mbw ldky wmet`

pbjen`l`k, jdwy`rs, ldoestrdt`s dka braekdry netez`ks fk`w dcbut

tm`s` dtrbnete`s dka aea kbtmeko2 Mbw ldky r`pbrt`rs fk`w dkawrbt` kbtmeko2 Mbw ldky àetbrs mda dk ukwrett`k pbjeny bk Dcbs

dka wbuja pucjesm kbtmeko tmdt ndst abuct bk tm` rdnedj dka lbrdj

sup`rebrety bh tm` ldibrety2

Qm` pr`ss, E bht`k m`dra et drouà, nbuja kbt pucjesm rulburs.


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?

Qbady tm`s` stbre`s dr` kb jbko`r rulburs. Dcbreoekdj a`dtms ek

pbjen` nustbay mdv` c`nbl` d pucjen essu` ek Dustrdjed6 dka wmdt es

hekdjjy abk` dcbut et wejj sdy lunm dcbut tm` a`v`jbpl`kt bh

Dustrdjedk nevejezdtebk. Dt tm` tel` bh wreteko, d Sbydj Nbllessebk es

`kquereko ektb dt j`dst 470 uk`xpjdekà a`dtms ek pbjen` dka presbkn`jjs sekn` 45=7. @v`ry h`w w``fs y`t dkbtm`r a`dtm es daaà tb tm`

jest. Eh wmet` p`bpj` w`r` ayeko ek d selejdr rdteb, tm` a`dtm tbjj wbuja

c` =,777 ek èomt y`drs. Ds Dustrdjedk obv`rkl`kts bh tm` 45=7s mdv`

njdelà tm` lbrdj reomt tb n`ksur` ^butm Dhrend, tm` rdt` bh

elpresbkl`kt bh cjdnfs ek Dustrdjed mds res`k tb dt j`dst ds meom d

j`v`j ds ek ^butm Dhrend dka tm` rdt` bh a`dtms ek nustbay es tmert``k

tel`s meom`r tmdk ek ^butm Dhrend. (p.1>)

Wejo`r pbekts but tmdt ldky bh tm`s` a`dtms dr` dttrecutà cy pbjen` tbsuenea`, wm`k et es wds nj`drjy wetmbut lbtev` br l`dks. Dt tm` tel` bh

wreteko, y`t dkbtm`r dcbreoek` mds aeà ek nustbay, tmes tel` d heht``k-y`dr-

bja cby ek d Adrwek presbk. Mes nrel` wds tm`ht bh sbl` stdtebkdry dka

p`ks, wbrtm, dnnbraeko tb tm` Do` r`pbrt bh 44.3.3777, $57 abjjdrs (jdt`r

r`pbrts njdelà $07.77 bh Q`xtds dka p`ks bkjy). M` w`kt tb idej c`ndus` bh

ldkadtbry s`kt`kneko jdws ek pjdn` ek tm` Kbrtm`rk Q`rretbry dka

_`st`rk Dustrdjed (tmdt mdpp`k tb c` mbl` tb tm` jdro`st prbpbrtebk bh

dcbreoek`s ek Dustrdjed tbady). M` mda hev` adys tb ob c`hbr` r`j`ds`, dka

wds dk brpmdk hrbl Orbbt` @yjdkat wmb spbf` jettj` @kojesm. Qm` aer`ntbr bhtm` Letwdij Dcbreoekdj ^`rven`, Lr ^`jwyk Mdusldk, wmb mda vesetà tm`

cby ek idej, sdea tmdt tm` nmeja mda kb nbkn`pt bh tm` ròel` tmdt

ekndrn`rdtà mel, dka tmdt m` wds aestr`ssà dka wdktà tb j`dv` tm`r`.

Qm` Kbrtm`rk Q`rretbrys Nme`h Lekest`r, A`kes Curf`, mbw`v`r njdelà tmdt

et wds d je` tb nbkk`nt tm` cbys a`dtm wetm ldkadtbry s`kt`kneko dka,

tmdt tb suoo`st sbl`mbw tmdt tmes ybutm aeà bh ldkadtbry s`kt`kneko es

tm` jbw`st bh tm` jbw. Qm` essu`, dnnbraeko tb Curf` es tm` trdoày bh d

ybutm wmb nbllettà suenea`. Mbw`v`r, dnnbraeko tb tm` r`pbrt, DQÊN,

nbllukety orbups dka tm` jòdj prbh`ssebk dttdnfà tm` jdws Vldkadtbrys`kt`kneko\ ds aesnrelekdtbry, suoo`steko tm`y a`jec`rdt`jy tdro`ttà

iuv`kej` Dcbreoek`s.

D h`w adys jdt`r, wetm tm` `y`s bh nbkn`rkà Dustrdjedks bk tm`

Kbrtm`rk Q`rretbry nburts, dkbtm`r ybutm, doà 33, wmb mda djjòàjy


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=

stbj`k $>.77 wbrtm bh cesnuets dka nbraedj (jdt`r r`pbrts njdelà $3>.77, ds

eh tmdt ldf`s lunm aehh`r`kn`) hrbl tm` lekeko nblpbuka dt Orbbt`

@yjdka (erbkendjjy, bk Nmrestlds ady) wds s`kt`knà tb bk` y`dr ek idej hbr

mes nrel`. Qm` idej ek Adrwek es =77 fejbl`tr`s hrbl mes mbl` ek tm` sldjj

esjdka bh Orbbt` @yjdka. Qmes ybutm es bk` bh ldky ybuko dcbreoek`s ek idejhbr p`tty nrel`s (dka ventelj`ss nrel`s sunm ds aruo us`, br kbk-pdyl`kt

bh hek`s) ek tm` Kbrtm`rk Q`rretbry dka _`st`rk Dustrdjed, wm`r` ldkadtbry

tmr`` stref`s dka ybur` ek s`kt`kneko jdws w`r` ektrbaunà ek 455? bk

tm` r`nbll`kadtebks bh Lr ^mdk` ^tbk`, wmb dpprbpredtà tm` ardnbkedk

jdws hrbl tm` lbr` ròr`ssev` stdt`s ek tm` P^D wmenm stejj dppjy tm`s` jdws

bst`ksecjy ds pdrt bh tm` P^ obv`rkl`kts wdr bk aruos. ^mdk` ^tbk` es

kbw tm` Hà`rdj Wr`sea`kt bh tm` Jec`rdj Wdrty ek Dustrdjed, dka wds

pr`vebusjy Nme`h Lekest`r bh tm` Kbrtm`rk Q`rretbry. Qm` Wrel` Lekest`r,

Ibmk Mbwdra, mds `xpr`ssà r`juntdkn` tb ekt`rh`r` wetm t`rretbryldtt`rs dka, tm` Jdcbur Wdrty bppbsetebk, jà cy Fel C`dsj`y, mds lda`

bkjy w`df dka ek`hh`ntudj nbll`kts dcbut tm` dcus`. Hdr hrbl

nbka`lkeko nj`drjy ukiust dka aesnrelekdtbry jdws, br dnfkbwjàoeko d

mestbry bh ldss-lura`r, o`kbnea` dka sjdv`ry ek Dustrdjed, Fel C`dsj`y

nbuja bkjy lust`r tmdt9

Lbst dpprbpredt` wbuja c` eh tm`y aea tm` reomt tmeko dka

dnfkbwjòà tmdt tm`r` dr` tbb ldky ekhj`xecejete`s, pdrtenujdrjy ds hdr ds

ybuko p`bpj` dr` nbkn`rkà.

Mbw`v`r, prblek`kt Dustrdjedk jòdj heour`s mdv` (uknmdrdnt`restendjjy)

c``k vbndj dcbut tm` k`à hbr dcbjetebk bh tm` ldkadtbry s`kt`kneko jdws

bh tm` Kbrtm`rk Q`rretbry dka _`st`rk Dustrdjed. Ar _ejjedl Ibkds,

Nbllessebk`r hbr Dcbreoekdj dka Qbrr`s ^trdet Esjdka`r ^bnedj Iusten` dt tm`

Muldk Seomts dka @qudj Bppbrtukety Nbllessebk wrbt`, ek tm` Dustrdjedk,

bk 48.3.37779

Sòr`ttdcjy, tmes a`dtm es kbt dk dc`rrdtebk. Qm` Sbydj

Nbllessebk ektb Dcbreoekdj A`dtms ek Nustbay r`pbrtà ek 4554 tmdt

ek tm` pr`vebus a`nda` tm`r` mda c``k dk dppdjjeko 55 sunm a`dtms.Ek tm` 4557s tm` heour` rbs` tb 41?Sòr`ttdcjy, dutmbrete`s ek

Dustrdjed mdv` fkbwk hbr y`drs tmdt ekaeo`kbus p`bpj` dr` vdstjy

bv`r-r`pr`s`ktà ek tm` iuv`kej` iusten` dka nrelekdj iusten` syst`ls.

Qm`y mdv` fkbwk hbr y`drs tmdt tm` ndus`s dr` syst`len, rbbtà a``p


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5

ek d mestbry bh aesnrelekdtebk dka aesdavdktdo`, bh `nbkblen

a`prevdtebk dka sbnedj aesruptebk.

Qm` nbkk`ntebk c`tw``k rdn` dka idej mds c``k nbllbk ek

ekaeo`kbus essu`s hbr sbl` 37 y`drs. Qm` Sbydj Nbllessebk ektb

Dcbreoekdj A`dtms ek Nustbay r`nbll`kaà tmdt stdt` dka t`rretbryjdws dka pbjene`s smbuja bhh`r djt`rkdtev`s tb ekndrn`rdtebk wm`r`v`r

pbssecj`. Wresbk smbuja c` d jdst r`sbrt. Qm` 455? Kdtebkdj Ekquery

ektb tm` ^`pdrdtebk bh Dcbreoekdj dka Qbrr`s ^trdet Esjdka`r nmejar`k

hrbl Qmèr Hdleje`s `xpbsà tm` trduldten nbks`qu`kn`s bh

s`pdrdtebk. Ekndrn`rdtebk, bk tm` sndj` kbw `xp`re`knà cy bur

ekaeo`kbus nbllukete`s, es s`pdrdtebk uka`r d k`w oues`.

Ldkadtbry s`kt`kneko, ektrbaunà ek _`st`rk Dustrdjed ek 4558

dka ek tm` Kbrtm`rk Q`rretbry ek 455?, mds lda` d cda setudtebk

wbrs`.Qm` jòesjdtebk es mdveko d pdrtenujdrjy a`vdstdteko elpdnt bk

ekaeo`kbus ybutm. Dcbreoekdj nmejar`k dnnbuktà hbr =7 p`r n`kt bh

tm` tmr`` stref`s nds`s ek tm` Nmejar`ks Nburt bh _`st`rk Dustrdjed

hrbl H`crudry 455? tb Ldy 455=. D 4555 r`pbrt cy tm` Kdtebkdj

Nmejar`ks dka Ubutm Jdw N`ktr` hbuka tmdt lbst bh tmbs` s`kt`knà

uka`r ldkadtbry a`t`ktebk jdws ek tm` Kbrtm`rk Q`rretbry mdv` c``k

ybuko Dcbreoekdj l`k.

Qm` jòesjdtebk hbrn`s nburts tb mdka abwk lekelul s`kt`kn`s

hbr lekbr prbp`rty bhh`kn`s sunm ds tm`ht (err`sp`ntev` bh tm` vdju` bhtm` prbp`rty), ukjdwhuj `ktry tb cuejaekos, ukjdwhuj us` bh d lbtbr

v`menj` (wm`tm`r ds pdss`ko`r br arev`r), dka r`nèveko stbj`k obbas

(dodek, ròdraj`ss bh vdju`). Qm` nburts aesnr`tebk tb tdf` ektb

dnnbukt `xt`kudteko nernulstdkn`s mds c``k dcbjesmà, dka tm`r` es

kb reomt bh dpp`dj.

Mbw ab`s tmes trdksjdt` ektb prdnten`2 D 31-y`dr-bja ekaeo`kbus

lbtm`r wmb r`nèvà d stbj`k ndk bh c``r wbrtm $3.07, dka dk 4=-

y`dr-bja ldk wmb stbj` d neodr`tt` jeomt`r dka tm`k bc`yà mes hdtm`r

dka dalettà et tb tm` pbjen`, w`r` `dnm elpresbkà hbr 41 adys. D40-y`dr-bja Dcbreoekdj cby wmb crbf` d wekabw dht`r m`dreko dcbut

tm` suenea` bh d njbs` hre`ka wds s`kt`knà uka`r ldkadtbry

a`t`ktebk hbr adldoeko prbp`rty, tm`k m` dtt`lptà suenea`. Dt

sbl` j`v`j bh nujpdcejety, tm` jòesjdtebk trdksjdt`s ektb tm` jdt`st

a`dtm.


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47

Qm` pucjen w`r` oev`k sbl` spdn` ek j`tt`rs tb tm` àetbr cy tm`

Lurabnm pr`ss tb `xpr`ss tmèr dko`r dt ldkadtbry s`kt`kneko. Bk

48.3.3777, tm`Dustrdjedknbktdekà s`v`rdj j`tt`rs, eknjuaeko bk` hrbl Qbk-

Qmdt Tuykm-Au bh DNQ9_mej` E mbp` tmdt tm` hà`rdj Obv`rkl`kt wejj c` p`rsudaà tb

bv`rrea` tm` KQ ldkadtbry s`kt`kneko jdws, E dl kbt mbjaeko ly

cr`dtm.

J`t us kbt hbro`t tmdt Lr ^mdk` ^tbk`, tm` breoekdj eksteodtbr dka

prel` drnmet`nt bh tmbs` jdws, es tm` hà`rdj pr`sea`kt bh tm` Jec`rdj

Wdrty.

Dka et wds Wrel` Lekest`r Mbwdra wmb crbuomt mel tb tm`

hà`rdj pr`sea`kny

Edk ^`ll`j bh Tu``ksjdka wrbt`9

E wbka`r mbw ldky stdt` dka t`rretbry l`lc`rs bh pdrjedl`kt

nbuja stdka up dka mbk`stjy sdy tmdt tm`y mdv` k`v`r stbj`k

dkytmeko2

K`v`r peknmà dkytmeko hrbl d smbp wm`k tm`y w`r` ybuko,

k`v`r tdf`k p`ks br Q`xtds mbl` hrbl tm` bhhen` dka oev`k tm`l tb

tm` feas, br k`v`r f`pt dky lbk`y tm`y hbuka.

Qm` a`dtm bh Ibmkkb ek tm` Kbrtm`rk Q`rretbry wds kbt d trdoen

dnnea`kt. M` aeà ds d aer`nt r`sujt bh tm` a`jec`rdt` dntebks bh tm`Kbrtm`rk Q`rretbry dalekestrdtebk. Dkybk` wmb r`ldeks sej`kt smdr`s

tm` ouejt.

Cdrry Qmblsbk hrbl K`w ^butm _dj`s wrbt`9

Et wbuja c` d cet pr`ldtur` hbr Ibmk Mbwdra tb sdy sbrry tb tm`

stbj`k nmejar`k. Mes ldt`s ek Adrwek dr` stejj dt et.

Qwb adys jdt`r, bk Hready, 4=tm

H`crudry, lbr` butrdoà j`tt`rs w`r`

prektà ek tm` Dustrdjedk. Nmdrj`s M`ray, bh K`w ^butm _dj`s smbwà dor`dt`r dwdr`k`ss bh Dustrdjedk Mestbry tmdk bur sb-ndjjà pbjetendj

j`da`rs wm`k m` wrbt`9

D ldk ek tm` Kbrtm`rk Q`rretbry mds c``k s`kt`knà tb d y`drs

elpresbkl`kt hbr tm` tm`ht bh cesnuets dka nbraedj. Qm`r` es elpbrtdkt

jòdj pr`nà`kt hbr tmes s`kt`kneko ròel`9 ek tm` 4=tm

n`ktury sbl`


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44

Cretesm suci`nts hbuka tm`ls`jv`s trdkspbrtà tb K^_ hbr tm` tm`ht bh

cr`da.

Bk` ekt`rpr`tdtebk leomt c` tmdt tm` or`dt`st t`k`ts bh tm`

pr`nà`kn`-cdsà Nbllbk Jdw mdv` c``k `ksmrekà ek KQ

jòesjdtebk. Dkbtm`r leomt c` tmdt, lbr` tmdk 377 y`drs bk, sblìuresaentebks ek tmes nbuktry mdv` tdf`k bk tm` lekaj`ss dka m`drtj`ss

nmdrdnt`r bh tm` jòdj syst`l tmdt wds d hdntbr ek @urbp`dk

s`ttj`l`kt m`r`

Iuaetm C`ssdkt bh tm` Dustrdjedk Ndtmbjen S`s`drnm N`ktr` ek L`jcburk`

wrbt`9

_` ldy w`jj wbka`r wm`tm`r dky prbor`ss mds c``k lda` sekn`

Dustrdjed wds d p`kdj nbjbky dka aulpeko orbuka hbr @kojdkas pbbr

smeppà tb tm` btm`r sea` bh tm` @drtm ds pukesml`kt hbr nrel`s sunmds st`djeko cr`da.

Nbk Xdetsds, bh Tu``ksjdka dsfà d rm`tbrendj qu`stebk9

Eh d ldk ndk ndk c` s`kt tb idej hbr st`djeko d pdnf`t bh cesnuets

wmy dr` kb pbjetenedks jdkouesmeko ek idej hbr lesuseko tmèr trdv`j

djjbwdkn`2

Advea W``tz bh Tu``ksjdka `xpr`ssà mes ekaeokdtebk9

Pkiust. M`drtj`ss. ^bujj`ss. Nykendj. Bppbrtukest. Eokbrdkt. ^bl`wbras ndk a`snrec` tm` jdws tmdt `qudt` d y`dr bh d ldks jeh` tb d

pdnf`t bh cesnuets, dka d nmejas a`dtm tb d h`w Q`xtds dka pdekts. Cut

mbw wejj w` a`snrec` bur kdtebkdj j`da`rs eh tm`y hdej tb bv`rturk

tm`s` jdws2

D h`w adys jdt`r tm` ^`nr`tdry O`k`rdj bh tm` Pketà Kdtebks, Fbhe Dkkdk

wds ek tm` Kbrtm`rk Q`rretbry wm`r` m` l`t tm` KQ Nme`h Lekest`r Curf`,

wmb mda pr`vebusjy sdea tmdt ldkadtbry jdws dr` kbt bk tm` *mes+ do`kad

wm`k m` l`t Dkkdk. Qm` pucjen dka tm` Lurabnm làed mbpà btm`rwes`,cut nbktrdry tb tm` `xp`ntdtebks bh sbl`, tm` PK nme`h aea kbt rdes` tm`

ldtt`r bh tm` butrdo`bus kulc`r bh dcbreoekdj p`bpj` ek Dustrdjedk idejs br

tm` kulc`r wmb ae` tm`r`, wetm Lr Curf`. M` aea kbt s``f `vea`kn` tb

cdnf njdels tmdt ^tdt`-sdkntebkà lura`rs dr` rbutek`jy aeslessà ds

suenea`s ek Dustrdjed, dka tmdt ldky btm`rs dr` a`snrecà ds dnnea`kts,


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43

m`drt dttdnfs, strbf`s dka bv`rabs`s. Dkkdk aea kbt ndsteodt` Curf` hbr

pr`seaeko bv`r nbktekuà sbnedj dka `nbkblen elpbv`resml`kt bh

Dcbreoek`s ek mes ^tdt`, br tm` mdrrdssl`kt bh Kbrtm`rk Q`rretbry

dcbreoek`s cy pbjen` dka psynmedtren s`rven`s. Dkkdk aea kbt rdes` tm`

mestbry bh o`kbnea` ek Dustrdjed, br qu`stebk Dustrdjedk ekvbjv`l`kt eklejeteds wmenm rdvdoà @dst Qelbr c`hbr`, aureko dka dht`r tm` pdrtetebk bh

Qelbr. M` nbuja kbt, bh nburs`, dsf qu`stebks dcbut tmekos m` mda kbt c``k

ekhbrlà dcbut. M` aea kbt ekv`steodt` njdels bh cebjboendj wdrhdr` dka

nm`lendj wdrhdr` breoekdteko ek Dustrdjed br aruo wdrhdr` cèko ekstetutà

dodekst Dustrdjedk p`bpj`. M` aea kbt dsf uknblhbrtdcj` qu`stebks dcbut

nbrruptebk ek Dustrdjedk pbjetens, làenek` dka jdw. M` wbuja mdv` kbt c``k

oev`k trutmhuj dksw`rs `v`k eh m` mda dsfà sunm qu`stebks, cut tm`y w`r`

kbtbk tm` do`kad.

Fbhe Dkkdks snmàuj` wds tb creko mel (surrbukaà cy leka`rs) tb

^butm`rk Dustrdjed, wm`r` m` l`t Ibmk Mbwdra, tm` Wrel` Lekest`r, wmb

mdppejy s`kt Dustrdjedk trbbps tb f``p tm` p`dn` ek Qelbr, dht`r

nbktrecuteko tb turlbej dka o`kbnea` tm`r` aureko ldky y`drs ek bhhen`,

wm`k m`, ek tm` mdcet bh mes prà`n`ssbrs, suppbrtà tm` lejetdry crutdjety

bh ûmdrtbs Idvdk`s` `lper`. Tu`stebks dcbut Dustrdjeds dppdjjeko muldk

reomts r`nbra dka suppbrt bh btm`r kdtebks wetm r`pr`m`ksecj` muldk reomts

r`nbras (sunm ds Cretdek dka tm` P^D) w`r` pr`suldcjy kbt bk tm` do`kad

wetm Mbwdra, ètm`r. Qm` Dustrdjedk, bk 45.3.3777 `xpjdekà tm` Wrel`Lekest`rs s`ksetevety tb muldk reomts essu`s dka ekdcejety tb aesnrelekdt`

nrel`s dodekst muldkety hrbl jbndj pbjetens. Ek d pdo` 5 drtenj` tetjà Abkt

t`jj us wmdt tb ab, WL wdrks, C`kidlek Mdsj`l r`pbrts9

Qm` hà`rdj Obv`rkl`kt wbuja kbt c` aentdtà tb cy tm` PK

wm`k a`t`rlekeko ets pbsetebk bk tm` ldkadtbry s`kt`kneko bh

iuv`kej`s, Ibmk Mbwdra wdrkà y`st`rady.

Qm` Wrel` Lekest`r sdea m` wbuja kbt stdka hbr Dustrdjeds muldk

reomts r`putdtebk cèko tdrkesmà ekt`rkdtebkdjjy bv`r d abl`sten

pbjetendj essu`.

Mbwdra es qubtà ds sdyeko bk DCN rdaeb9

_`v` mda bur cj`lesm`s dka lda` bur `rrbrscut El kbt obeko tb

mdv` d setudtebk wm`r` p`bpj` dr` a`keordteko tm` muldk reomts r`putdtebk

bh Dustrdjed.


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4>

Qm` muldk reomts r`nbra bh Dustrdjed es mestbrendjjy bcvebus. Sbutek`jy,

ldss-lura`r dka ekaeveaudj lura`r bh dcbreoek`s mdv` c``k a`keà cy

`v`ry obv`rkl`kt ek tm` nbuktry hbr 377 y`drs. Qbrtur` dka t`rrbresl mdv`

djsb c``k a`keà ds w`jj ds drcetrdry elpresbkl`kt cy obv`rkl`kt hbrn`s.Cut sur`jy, oev`k tm` w`jj-`stdcjesmà nbks`qu`kn` bh esbjdtebk, sbjetdry

pukesml`kt, steoldtesdtebk dka aespbss`ssebk ds bnnurs syst`ldtendjjy

tmrbuom tm` prbn`ss bh cèko hbuka ouejty dka s`kt tb presbk, r`sujteko

ek a`pr`ssebk dka suenea`, obv`rkl`ktdj dka iuaenedj nbjjusebk ek d

lura`rbus ròel` smbuja c` nbksea`rà. Oev`k tm` daaà hdntbrs bh

syst`ldten mdrrdssl`kt dka cujjyeko Vdka `v`k lura`r\ cy wmet` pbjen` bh

ybuko cjdnf bhh`ka`rs, tmes c`nbl`s d ldtt`r bh ekt`rkdtebkdj muldk

reomts seokehendkn`. Qm` l`lbry bh tm` t`j`vesà mbl` vea`b bh ceobtà

Tu``ksjdka ^tdt` Wbjen` Bhhen`rs jduomeko dt dka lbnfeko dk `hheoy bh dmdkoeko cjdnf ldk (smbrtjy dht`r tm` làed r`pbrts bh y`t dkbtm`r

dcbreoekdj a`dtm ek nustbay) es elprektà bk ldky lekas ek Dustrdjed,

ròdraj`ss bh Lr Mbwdras pdtm`ten `hhbrts tb wmet`-wdsm bur muldk

reomts r`nbra.

Ek daaetebk tb aer`nt vebj`kt lura`r, Dcbreoekdj p`bpj` mdv` c``k

suci`nt tb ldss-lura`r cy wetmmbjaeko r`daejy dvdejdcj` làendj ndr`,

wmenm wds hr``jy dvdejdcj` tb wmet`s dt tm` tel`. Dk `xdlpj` bh ldss-

lura`r cy ekndrn`rdtebk, kòj`nt dka a`prevdtebk bh làendj ndr` hrbl tm`tw`kte`tm n`ktury es oev`k cy Sektbuj ek tm` ektrbauntebk bh Qm` _dejeko9

Qm`r` w`r` sp`nedj Dcbreoekdj presbks, tm`r` w`r` tm` ekhdlbus

jbnf mbspetdjs bk Abrr` dka C`rke`r esjdkas wm`r` ekaeo`kbus

p`bpj` suhh`reko hrbl v`k`r`dj aes`ds`s dka btm`r nbktdoebus

nbkaetebks w`r` ekndrn`rdtà, wmenm tm` lessebkdry Adesy Cdt`s

ndjjà tm` Esj`s bh tm` A`da. Ek tm` Kbrtm`rk Q`rretbry, Dcbreoek`s

suhh`reko hrbl nbktdoebus aes`ds`s w`r` s`kt tb Adrwek wm`r` tm`y

w`r` elpresbkà ek d jbnf-up dt tm` Fdmjek Dcbreoekdj Nblpbuka.

]dve`r M`rc`rt c`ndl` ldkdo`r bh tm` nblpbuka ek 453?. Oeveko`vea`kn` dt tm` Hekkess Sev`r jdka njdel m`dreko ek 45=7, M`rc`rt

a`snrecà nbkaetebks ek tm` nblpbuka wm`k m` mda tdf`k bv`r ds

mea`bus. _bl`k suhh`reko hrbl obkbrrmb`d w`r` f`pt ek dk bja

cuejaeko lda` bh wmet`-wdsmà nbrruodtà erbk, wmenm mda,

erbkendjjy, bkn` c``k tm` nmdp`j9 Qmes wds bnnupeà cy sex tb t`k


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wbl`k djj hderjy davdknà ek do`wmb w`r` nmdekà tb pbsts. Qm`y

mda erbk càs dka tm`y w`r` nmdekà tb pbsts ek et cy tm` jò dka

tm`y mda c``k tm`r` hbr y`drs jef` tmdt. Qm`r` wds kb tr`dtl`kt hbr

tm`l (p.?)

Wejo`r wret`s, bh tm` o`kbnea` bh Qdsldkedks9

Ek tm` esjdka stdt` bh Qdsldked, tm` cjbbaj`tteko nbktekuà hbr

lbr` tmdk mdjh d n`ktury. Bk Ldy > 4=71 tm` 473ka

Sòel`kt smbt

a`da hehty p`bpj` dt Sesabk Nbv`, eknjuaeko wbl`k dka nmejar`k. Qm`

Qdsldkedks mda dpprbdnmà ukdrlà dka wetm or``k cbuoms ek tmèr

mdkas, d seok bh p`dn`. Qm` nblldkaeko bhhen`r r`ldrfà dht`rwdras

tmdt m` aea kbt dppr`m`ka tmdt tm`s` p`bpj` wbuja mdv` c``k dky

us` tb tm` @kojesm. Ek 4=>7 ldrtedj jdw wds a`njdrà ek Qdsldked dka

tm` Cjdnf _dr wds sdea tb c` d hekdj sbjutebk, wetm 0777 @urbp`dksdss`lcjà tb arev` tm` r`ldekeko 3777 dcbreoek`s ektb tm` Qdsldk

p`keksujd. Qw`kty y`drs jdt`r tm` hdcren bh Qdsldkedk Dcbreoekdj jeh`

mda djj cut ukrdv`jjà6 dka bkjy d h`w survevà. (p.3=)

Qm` nrel` bh o`kbnea` bh tm` Qdsldkedk Dcbreoekdj p`bpj` wds

dnnblpdkeà cy d nru`j dtt`lpt tb pbstmulbusjy prbv` tmèr ekh`rebrety

useko psùabsne`ktehen t`nmkequ`s dka droul`kts, dka sbl` dnts bh

crutdjety tmdt a`hy tm` lbst lbrcea eldoekdtebk6 dnts tm` Dustrdjedk dka

Cretesm Obv`rkl`kts dr` stejj ek a`kedj bh. Sektbuj sulldres`s tm` lura`rdka lutejdtebk bh tm` jdst hujj-cjbbaà Qdsldkedk Dcbreoek`s ds hbjjbws9

Byst`r Nbv`, Qdsldked9 d sldjj ordv`ydra tmdt crekos ybu tb

t`drs. Et wds m`r` tmdt tm` jdst trecdj Qdsldkedks w`r` crbuomt tb ae`,

a`prevà bh wdrltm dka aeokety, bkjy d o`k`rdtebk dht`r tm` drrevdj bh

tm` wmet` l`k. D mdkahuj bh ordv`s. Ek d cbttj` ek d smà es tm`

s`v`rà m`da bh d ldk iust r`nbv`rà hrbl @kojdka, d ldndcr`

r`leka`r bh tm` sne`ktehen dtt`lpts tb prbv` tm` rdnedj sup`rebrety bh

tm` wmet` ldk. Ek 4=85, tm` cbay bh _ejjedl Jdkk`, tmbuomt tb c` tm`

jdst hujj-cjbbaà Qdsldkedk ldk, wds lutejdtà c`hbr` dka dht`rcuredj, mes sfujj r`lbvà cy Ar _ejjedl Nrbwtm`r dka r`pjdnà wetm d

wmet` ldks. Ek spet` bh m`r pj`ds tmdt m`r r`ldeks kbt c` vebjdtà,

tm` cbay bh Qruodkeke, tm` jdst Qdsldkedk, wds `xmulà, m`r sfujj

hejjà wetm j`da cy sne`ktests wmb njdelà m`r nrdkeul sez` wds lbr`


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jef` dk dp`s tmdk d muldks, dka m`r drtenujdtà sf`j`tbk `xmecetà

ek tm` Qdsldkedk Lusùl, kbt tb c` r`turkà hbr 477 y`drs. (p.44)

Ek Dustrdjedk mestbry cbbfs et es kbt nustbldry tb a`snrec` tm` ndlps ek

wmenm dcbreoekdj p`bpj` w`r` hbrnà tb wbrf ds sjdv`s nbkn`ktrdtebkndlps br a`dtm ndlps, cut tmdt es wmdt tm`y w`r`. Qm`y w`r` djsb

`ksjdv`l`kt ndlps, hrbl wmenm dcbreoekdj nmeja sjdv`s w`r` stbj`k hrbl

tmèr hdleje`s tb wbrf ds abl`sten s`rvdkts hbr rdtebks dka d pjdn` tb jev`.

Qm` nbkaetebks tmdt tm`s` p`bpj` w`r` hbrnà tb `kaur` w`r` dt j`dst ds

cda ds tmdt bh Dhrendk sjdv`s ek tm` Pketà ^tdt`s, dka, wm`r`ds Dl`rendk

sjdv`s w`r` dcj` tb cuy tmèr hr`àbl dt tel`s, hbr tm` Dustrdjedk dcbreoek`

tm`r` wds kb hr`àbl dkywm`r`9 tmèr nmben` wds sjdv`ry br a`dtm. Lbst

w`r` oev`k kb nmben`. Ds Sektbuj wret`s, tm` tr`dtl`kt bh tmes dkne`kt rdn`

wds eka`snrecdcjy crutdj9Qmrbuombut Dustrdjed, l`k dka wbl`k dka nmejar`k w`r`

muktà dka lura`rà, rdpà, c`m`daà, aesl`lc rà, cbejà abwk

ek cunf`ts, sfekkà hbr tmèr nendtren` pdtt`rks, tmèr snrbtuls nut bhh

dka areà dka usà hbr tbcdnnb pbunm`s.

Qm`s` dr` kbt `v`kts hrbl tm` aestdkt pdst. Qm` bkobeko aer`nt ldssdnr`

bh Dcbreoekdj p`bpj` nbktekuà w`jj ektb tm` tw`kte`tm n`ktury, ds tm`

nmrbkbjboy dt tm` ka bh Qm` _dejeko9 D Kdtebkdj Cjdnf Brdj Mestbryr`v`djs9

45389 Ek tm` Felc`rj`y ròebk bh _D, hbjjbweko tm` fejjeko bh dwmet` pdstbrdjest, d m`dvejy drlà pbss`, nblpreseko twb pbjen`l`k,

hbur btm`r wmet`s dka s`v`k Dcbreoek`s ob bk d fejjeko rdlpdo`.

Ldky Dcbreoek`s dr` smbt, wbl`k dka nmejar`k njuccà tb a`dtm.

Qm` cbae`s dr` curkà dt hbur s`pdrdt` set`s ek wmdt c`nbl`s fkbwk

ds tm` Hbrr`st Sev`r ldssdnr`. D rbydj nbllessebk r`pbrts tmdt dt

j`dst `j`v`k Dcbreoek`s w`r` fejjà6 tm` S`v`r`ka @rk`st Oreccj`, tm`

lessebkdry r`spbksecj` hbr mdveko crbuomt tm` eknea`kt tb pucjen

kbten`, sdys m` p`rsbkdjjy fk`w bh tmerty ventels. Dcbreoek`s sdy

mukaràs w`r` lura`rà. Qm` twb pbjen`l`k wmb jà tm` pdrty dr`put bk tredj, tb tm` butrdo` bh tm` wmet` pbpujdtebk wmenm s`ts up d

huka tb l``t tmèr jòdj nbsts. Qm` pbjen` dr` hbuka tb mdv` dntà ek

s`jh-a`h`kn`, dnquettà dka prblbtà but bh tm` aestrent. Oreccj` mda

herst c``k lda` dwdr` bh tm` lura`rs cy pbjen` dka stbnfl`k ek

4533, wm`k m` wds tbja cy Dcbreoekdj p`bpj` tm` nbuktry djj stekf


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hrbl tm` a`da h`jjbws. Mes `hhbrts tb hbrn` dk ekquery cy tm` Nme`h

Wrbt`ntbr, D.B.K`vejj`, w`r` uksunn`sshuj. (p.>=4)

Qm` Nme`h Wrbt`ntbr bh kdtev`s wds bk` bh s`v`rdj ùpm`lesls bh

nbjbkedj Dustrdjeds syst`l bh obv`rkl`kt. Qm` hdnt tmdt tm` dcbreoekdjpbpujdtebk wds a`neldtà hrbl dk `steldtà ?07,777 ek 4?== tb 87,777 ek

4537 (Sektbuj, 455>) oev`s sbl` ekaendtebk bh mbw a`hene`kt wds tm`

prbt`ntebk oev`k dcbreoek`s cy tm` nbjbkedj dalekestrdtebk. D lessebkdry

z`dj tb sdv` m`dtm`k sbujs (cut kbt cbae`s br lekas) wds nblcekà wetm

sup`rnejebus `hhbrts tb àundt` tm` kdtev`s ektb d nevejesà wdy bh jeh`. Kbt

`kbuom àundtebk wds oev`k tb tm` kdtev`s, mbw`v`r, tb prbvea` tm`l wetm

prbh`ssebkdj qudjehendtebks, reomts bh netez`ksmep dka tm` lbst cdsen bh

muldk reomts. Qm` pettdkn` tm`y `drkà ek bnnupdtebks a`struntev` tb tmèr

nujturdj ektòrety dka tmèr p`rsbkdj w`jjcèko wds m`ja ek trusts tmdtw`r` kbt tb c` trustà. Qmes a`keà tm`l tm` hr`` us` bh tmèr bwk mdra-

`drkà lbk`y. Dky mbp` bh àundtebk ek tm` wmet` ldks jdkoudo`s, jdws,

nustbls, làenek` dka sne`kn` ndl` ved Nmrestedk lessebkdre`s wmb

prbveaà d wbrjave`w tmdt a`keordtà tmèr wesabl dka tmdt bh tmèr

dkne`kt nujtur`s dka trdaetebkdj c`je`hs. Qm`y w`r` ve`wà ds cdnfwdra,

kduomty nmejar`k, ekndpdcj` bh dadpteko tb ek`vetdcj` nmdko` dka

t`nmkbjboendj prbor`ss, y`t w`r` rbutek`jy a`keà bppbrtukete`s tb j`drk

lbr` tmdk tm` lbst ruael`ktdry t`nmkbjboendj dka sne`ktehen hdnts. Qm`y

w`r` dnnusà bh jdzek`ss, cut a`keà bppbrtukete`s tb wbrf ek btm`r tmdktm` lbst s`rvej` dka bci`ntebkdcj` ibcs.

@v`k tbady lbst dcbreoekdj p`bpj` dr` trdppà wetmek r`s`rv`s dka

lessebks wm`r` tm`y dr` a`prevà bh tm` cdsen k`n`ssete`s hbr m`djtm9

nj`dk wdt`r, hr`sm hruets dka vò`tdcj`s dka sdh`, myoe`ken mbuseko. Ek tm`s`

r`s`rv`s dka lessebks dcbreoekdj p`bpj` dr` hbrnà tb wbrf ek nbkaetebks

dka hbr wdo`s tmdt h`w, eh dky, wmet` Dustrdjedks wbuja tbj`rdt`. D vèjà

dalessebk bh tmes es `vea`kt ek tm` nbll`ktdry bh Abuojdss Cdajek dka

Advea Lbbr` ek Qm` Adrf Dustrdjedks, pucjesmà ek 45?79^da tb sdy, tm` ldek hdntbr pr`v`kteko dky sbjutebk *tb tm`

prbcj`l bh pdst pbjene`s ròdraeko dcbreoek`s+ es v`stà ekt`r`st.

Hbr, jef` et br kbt, or`dt dr`ds ek tm` kbrtm bh tm` nbktek`kt dr`

a`p`ka`kt `nbkblendjjy bk tm` `xpjbetdtebk bh dcbreoekdj jdcbr,

wmenm ek tm` pdst mds c``k prbveaà nm``rhujjy dka wejjekojy hbr kb


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lbr` r`wdra tmdk lekeldj dka ukm`djtmy rdtebks dka tm` us` bh

sucstdkadra, ukmyoe`ken smdnfs ds sm`jt`r hbr tmèr hdleje`s. Ek lbr`

s`ttjà dr`ds et mds c``k us`huj hbr hdrl`rs dka btm`rs tb mdv` d pbbj

bh uksfejjà ndsudj jdcbr, wejjeko tb uka`rtdf` s`dsbkdj wbrf hbr d

pettdkn` dka kbt r`quereko mbuseko up tb @urbp`dk stdkadras.(p.43?)

Qm` dutmbrs bh tm` cbbf uka`rstdt` tm` `nbkblen dka sbnedj pjeomt tmdt

hbrn`s hdleje`s tb dnn`pt suc-stdkadra mbuseko, wdo`s dka hbba. Qm` tmr`dt

bh stdrvdtebk ndus`s p`bpj` djj bv`r tm` wbrja tb tbj`rdt` bppr`ssev` jeveko

nbkaetebks c`ndus` tm`y dr` oev`k kb c`tt`r djt`rkdtev`. Qm`s` c`tt`r

djt`rkdtev`s eknjua` hder wdo`s, pj`dsdkt jeveko nbkaetebks, a`n`kt njbtmeko,

prbor`ssev` àundtebk, kburesmeko hbba, nj`dk wdt`r, obba m`djtm ndr`, dka

tm` sbnedj stelujdtebk dka `lbtebkdj suppbrt bh hdlejy dka hre`kas. Djj bhtm`s` cdsen k`n`ssete`s mdv` c``k wetmm`ja hrbl Dcbreoekdj p`bpj` ek

Dustrdjed, wmb w`r` arev`k tb tm` a`sbjdt` pdrts bh tm` nbktek`kt s`v`rdj

o`k`rdtebks dob dka kbw fkbw kb btm`r mbl`. Ek daaetebk tb tm`s`

prbcj`ls bh a`prevdtebk tm` dcbreoekdj pbpujdtebk nbkteku`s tb mdv`

sp`nehen làendj ekt`rv`ktebk pbjene`s aer`ntà tbwdras tm`l, eknjuaeko

sp`nedj prbordls ekvbjveko ellukezdtebk dka psynmedtren tr`dtl`kt, cbtm bh

wmenm ekvbjv` hbrnà br nb`rnà eki`ntebks, dka ek tm` nds` bh tm` jdtt`r,

bht`k ekndrn`rdtebk dka btm`r pukesml`kts.

ELLPKEYDQEBK, M@WDQEQE^ C DKA DEA^

Qm` eki`ntebk bh ekndrn`rdtà Dustrdjedk p`bpj`, eknjuaeko Dcbreoekdj

p`bpj`, wetm nm`lendj r`strdekts wejj c` aesnussà dt j`kotm jdt`r, cut herst, d

cre`h `xpjbrdtebk bh nurr`kt ellukezdtebk prbordls wejj c` uka`rtdf`k,

sekn` tm` nbkn`rks dcbut tmèr sdh`ty dr` j`ss nj`dr cut `v`k lbr` s`rebus

tmdk tm` bcvebus ekiusten` bh aedokbseko p`bpj` wmb sp`df d aehh`r`kt

jdkoudo` dka mdv` aehh`r`kt nujturdj dka r`jeoebus ve`ws wetm @urbn`ktren

dka sp`nehendjjy Dkojbn`ktren psynmedtren ejjk`ss`s dka p`rsbkdjety

aesbra`rs, dka eki`nteko tm`l wetm fkbwk kùrbtbxeks uka`r tm` oues` bh

làendj tr`dtl`kt.


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Dcbreoekdj nmejar`k mdv`, hbr s`v`rdj a`nda`s, c``k rbutek`jy oev`k, wetm

Obv`rkl`ktdj dssestdkn` dka eksest`kn`, tm` sdl` nmejambba

ellukezdtebks (vdnnekdtebks) tmdt btm`r nmejar`k ek Dustrdjed r`nèv` ds w`jj

ds m`pdtetes C vdnnekdtebk c`ndus` tm`y w`r` (dka dr`) nbksea`rà dk dt

resf orbup hbr tmes ekh`ntebk. Qm` rbutek` vdnnekdtebk prbordl ek Dustrdjedeknjua`s ellukezdtebk dodekst t`tdkus, wmbbpeko nbuom (p`rtusses) dka

aepmtm`red ds tm` AQW br trepj` dkteo`k vdnnek`s, wmenm dr` oev`k tb djj

nmejar`k ek Dustrdjed (`xn`pt tmbs` wetm strbkojy bci`nteko pdr`kts)

còekkeko dt tm` do` bh 3 lbktms. Qm` herst eki`ntebk bh AQW es dnnblpdkeà

cy 3 arbps bh Brdj ^dcek vdnnek`, d prbt`ntebk dodekst pbjeb. Hbjjbweko

tmes, tm` preldry vdnnekdtebk bh AQW nbkteku`s wetm eki`ntebks dt hbur, sex,

dka èomt``k lbktms bh do`. êkn` tm` 45=7s, L`dsj`s-Lulps

ellukezdtebk mds c``k oev`k dt tm` do` bh 43 lbktms, wmenm es kbw

nblcekà wetm Suc`jjd vdnnek` ds l`dsj`s-lulps-ruc`jjd (LLS)ellukezdtebk. Ek tm` 4557s dkbtm`r s`re`s bh eki`ntebks w`r` daaà tb tm`

preldry vdnnekdtebk nburs` hbr Dustrdjedk nmejar`k. Qmes wds dodekst

md`lbpmejus C, wmenm es d cdnt`redj brodkesl wmenm ndk ndus` leaaj` `dr

ekh`ntebks dka d s`rebus, cut rdr`, dnut` ekh`ntebk bh tm` `peojbttes (tm`

trdpabbr dt tm` upp`r `ka bh tm`jdrykx). Qm`s` eki`ntebks dr` oev`k djbko

wetm tm` AQW vdnnekdtebks dt 3, 1 dka 8 lbktms, bk tm` bppbset` jelc (tm`

tmeom es r`nbll`kaà) ds tm` AQW.

Ek daaetebk tb tmes, Dcbreoekdj, Qbrr`s trdet Esjdka`r dka ^butm-@dst Dsedkrdn`s mdv` c``k, sekn` tm` 45=7s, sp`nehendjjy tdro`ttà ds dt resf

pbpujdtebks hbr ellukezdtebk dodekst m`pdtetes C. Ek tm` pdst twb y`drs et

mds djsb c``k njdelà tmdt tm`y mdv` d meom eknea`kn` bh tm` k`wjy

aesnbv`rà m`pdtetes @ verus, wmenm ndus`s d meom lbrtdjety ek ekh`ntà

pròkdkt wbl`k. Ek 455?, et wds a`neaà cy tm` Kdtebkdj M`djtm dka

Làendj S`s`drnm Nbuknej (KMLSN) tmdt djj Dustrdjedks smbuja c`

ellukezà dodekst m`pdtetes C. Dnnbraeko tb tm` Duoust 455? NM@NF

prbordl, d o`k`rdj prdnten` àundtebk prbordl hrbl tm` Sbydj Dustrdjedk

Nbjjò` bh O`k`rdj Wrdntetebk`rs, s`xudjjy dntev` mblbs`xudj l`k dr` djsbdk dt resf orbup dka MEX pbsetev` l`k smbuja r`nèv` abucj` tm` abs` bh

vdnnek`.

Qm` vdnnekdtebk prbordl r`nbll`kaà cy tm` Dustrdjedk Kdtebkdj

M`djtm dka Làendj S`s`drnm Nbuknej (KMLSN) dka tm` Dl`rendk N`kt`rs


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hbr Aes`ds` Nbktrbj dka Wr`v`ktebk (NAN) es strbkojy `kabrsà cy làendj

dka obv`rkl`ktdj brodkezdtebks ek Dustrdjed, eknjuaeko tm` Sbydj Dustrdjedk

Nbjjò` bh O`k`rdj Wrdntetebk`rs, tm` Sbydj Dustrdjedk Nbjjò` bh Wmysenedks

tm` Dustrdjedk Làendj Dssbnedtebk (DLD) dka tm` Nbllbkw`djtm dka

^tdt` a`pdrtl`kts bh m`djtm. Ellukezdtebk djsb hbrls d pràblekdkt hbnusbh làendj dea prbordls ek tm` Qmera _brja, eknjuaeko s`v`rdj prbordls

brnm`strdt a hrbl Dustrdjed.

Qm` DAE^ Ekt`rkdtebkdj pr`ss es Dustrdjeds ceoo`st prbaun`r dka

aestrecut`r bh làendj iburkdjs ek Dustrdjed, s`kaeko, hr`` bh nmdro`,

tmbusdkas bh nbpe`s bh Nurr`kt Qm`rdpùtens, Wrdnten` Ldkdo`l`kt dka

Wdte`kt Ldkdo`l`kt tb OWs drbuka tm` nbuktry. Qm` ldodzek`s dr` hr``

dka s`kt uksbjenetà tb abntbrs, nbktdekeko drtenj`s wrett`k cy abntbrs hbr

abntbrs. Qm` ldodzek`s dr` djsb hujj bh aruo nblpdky dav`rteseko dka tmìburkdjs dr` hekdknà cy tm` pmdrldnùtendj ekaustry. Qm`y dr` a`snrecà

cy tmèr prbaun`rs ds làendj àundtebk.

Qm` A`n`lc`r 4555-Idk 3777 àetebk bh Nurr`kt Qm`rdpùtensnbktdeks d

h`dtur` drtenj` tetjà Xdnnekdtebk Nbuks`jjeko9 aesp`jjeko tm` lytms,

dutmbrà cy Aedkd Q`rry, tm` Kdtebkdj OW Ellukesdtebk Nbbraekdtbr hbr

tm` Dustrdjedk Aevesebk bh O`k`rdj Wrdnten` Jta, A`dfek, DNQ. ^m` es

a`snrecà ek Dutmbr a`tdejs ds Ls Q`rry, sb pr`suldcjy sm` es kbt d

làendj abntbr. ^m` r`p`dts ds err`hutdcj` abntrek`, mbw`v`r, aboldsnr`dtà dka prbpdodtà cy làendj abntbrs. Ek m`r `y`s, tm` r`juntdkn` bh

tm` mdra tb o`t 0-47%, ds sm` t`rls tmbs` wmb r`hus` tb mdv` tmèr

nmejar`k (br tm`ls`jv`s) ellukezà, es lesoueaà. Qm`y dr` eokbrdkt bh tm`

hdnts dcbut ellukezdtebk dka suci`nt tb ekdnnurdt` vdnnek` ekhbrldtebk,

hbr wmenm sm` cjdl`s tm` _brja _ea` _`c dka làed-s``feko m`dajek`

k`ws9

Qm` prbor`ssev`jy pbpujdr tr`ka tbwdras djt`rkdtev` làenek`,

tm` `ds` wetm wmenm ekdnnurdt` vdnnek` ekhbrldtebk es aess`lekdtà

ved tm` _brja _ea` _`c, dka tm` `v`r-pr`s`kt làed-s``fekom`dajek` k`ws, ldf` tm` tdsf bh mdkajeko vdnnek` sdh`ty nbkn`rks d

vetdj sfejj hbr OWs dka btm`r vdnnek` prbvea`rs. M`djtm `hh`nts jekfà

wetm vdnnek`s ldy c` tru` dav`rs` r`dntebks, br selpjy nbeknea`ktdj

dssbnedtebks. Bpteldj butnbl`s r`jy bk `ksureko resf


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nbllukendtebks da`qudt`jy daar`ss tm` essu`s rdesà cy pdr`kts dka

ndròev`rs.

Bpteldj butnbl`s l`dk sunn`sshuj nbllukendtebk bh tm` k`à hbr

vdnnekdtebk, kbt d cdjdknà pr`s`ktdtebk bh sne`ktehen `vea`kn` hbr dkadodekst sp`nehen vdnnekdtebks, br dcbut vdnnekdtebk o`k`rdjjy. ^ne`ktehen

r`pbrts bh dssbnedtebks c`tw``k nmrbken (br a`jdyà) aes`ds` hrbl

ellukezdtebk es aeslessà ds nbeknea`ktdj. Qm` a`serdcejety bh

elpj`l`kteko tm` KMLSNs r`nbll`kadtebks es dssulà dka tm`

brodkesdtebk (a`spet` njbs` pmdrldnùtendj dka nbrpbrdt` nbkk`ntebks) es

ve`wà ds dk ekhdjjecj` dutmbrety9

Hekaekos bh pr`vebus stuae`s ekaendt` tmdt d meom prbpbrtebk bh

OWs hdej tb ellukes` dt tm`s` bppbrtukesten `knbukt`rs Vwm`k

nmejar`k dr` s``k hbr ukr`jdtà r`dsbks\, ètm`r cy kbt hbjjbweko tm`Kdtebkdj M`djtm dka S`s`drnm Nbuknej (KMLSN) r`nbll`kaà

ouea`jek`s br kbt r`ve`weko tm` nmejas nurr`kt ellukesdtebk stdtus. D

ldibr nmdjj`ko` hbr cusy OWs es tb heka ekkbvdtev` dpprbdnm`s tb

`ksur` rbutek` dss`ssl`kt bh nmejar`ks vdnnekdtebk stdtus dt `dnm

prdnten` veset. Qmes ldy eknjua` rbutek` nm`nfjests usà cy prdnten`

stdhh, br eketedteko nmdko`s tb r`nbokesà pbjeny dka prbnàur`s dt tm`

prdnten` j`v`j. Hdnejetdteko prdnten` stdhh trdekeko tb eknr`ds`

fkbwjào` dka sfejjs dnrbss djj dr`ds bh prdnten`-cdsà vdnnek`

ldkdo`l`kt (eknjuaeko nbja nmdek) wejj hurtm`r `kmdkn` qudjetypdte`kt ndr` dka c`st prdnten` stdkadras dt tmes j`v`j.

Et es kbt nj`dr ds tb wmdt btm`r j`v`js `xest ek làendj ndr` ek tm` ve`w

bh tm` dutmbr, (d t`rl suoo`stev` bh tm` Dustrdjedk kurseko me`rdrnmy), dka et

es kbt `xpjdekà ds tb wmdt tm` sekest`r-sbukaeko nbja-nmdek ldkdo`l`kt

es, cut Aedkd Q`rry ab`s `xpjdek tm` nbkn`pt bh lessà bppbrtukete`s *tb

vdnnekdt`\ wetm d aboldten dss`rtebk tmdt tmes es d s`rebus làendj hdejur`9

Ldky stuae`s mdv` abnul`ktà tm` elpdnt bh `jelekdtebk bh

lessà vdnnekdtebk bppbrtukete`s. Lessà bppbrtukety es a`hekà dswm`k d nmeja ètm`r au` br bv`rau` hbr ellukesdtebk, es s``k cy d

m`djtm ndr` prbvea`r cut r`nèv`s kb ellukesdtebks br kbt djj bh tm`

ellukesdtebk au` br bv`rau` dt tmdt veset. Qm`s` jbst bppbrtukete`s

dr` v`ry nbllbkjy dttrecutà tb tm` tel` pr`ssur`s uka`r wmenm OWs


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wbrf (Qdcj` 1). @jelekdtebk bh tm`s` lessà bppbrtukete`s ek o`k`rdj

prdnten` wbuja eknr`ds` ellukesdtebk rdt`s o`k`rdjjy.

Et es dssulà tmdt eknr`dseko ellukesdtebk tb o`t tm` jdst 0-47 % es d

obba tmeko, ekaendteko qudjety ndr` hrbl cusy OWs. Qb f``p tmekos selpj`dka quenf, tm` drtenj` mds d 1 tdcj`s, pr`s`kteko stdtestens dka pbekts tb

r`l`lc`r9 A`dtms ek Dustrdjed hrbl nbllbk pr`v`ktdcj` aes`ds`s 4538-

4550 (tdcj` 4), Sàuntebk ek lbrtdjety wetm vdnnekdtebk hbr nbllbk

pr`v`ktdcj` aes`ds` ek Dustrdjed (tdcj` 3), Do` dpprbpredt` vdnnekdtebk

rdt`s cy ^tdt` ds dt >4 Ldrnm 4555(tdcj` >) dka Lessà bppbrtukete`s tb

vdnnekdt` (tdcj` 1).

Qdcj` 1 es pr`s`ktà ek twb nbjulks9 prbcj`l dka sbjutebk. Qm` hev`

prbcj`ls jestà dr` bhhen` dka njeken cdrre`rs, pdr`ktdj lesnbkn`ptebks,hdejur` tb trdnf nmejar`k, ekvdjea nbktrdekaendtebks dka jdnf bh

selujtdk`bus dalekestrdtebk. Qm` sbjutebks dr`, jef` tm` prbcj`ls,

a`seokà tb o`t tm` eki`ntebk abk` wetm tm` lekelul qu`stebks dsfà br

dksw`rà. Kb qu`stebk bh prbveaeko cdjdknà ekhbrldtebk dka oeveko tm`

pdr`kt, hdlejy dka nmeja tel` tb aesnuss prbs dka nbks c`hbr` `lcdrfeko bk

d pbt`ktedjjy resfy prbordl bh `xpbseko tmèr elluk` syst`l tb jev` verus`s

dka dkeldj prbtèks ek tm` hbrl bh s`redj, pdekhuj eki`ntebks. Ds hdr ds

Nurr`kt Qm`rdpùtens es nbkn`rkà, djj pdr`ktdj nbkn`rks (dka butreomt

bppbsetebk) es au` tb lesnbkn`ptebks wmenm es tb c` sbjvà cy dwdr`k`ssrdeseko dcbut tm` prbs (cut kbt tm` nbks) bh ellukezdtebk. _mdt ldky

sne`ktests, abntbrs dka pdr`kts wbuja ve`w ds tel`s dka r`dsbks tb a`h`r br

r`hrdek hrbl ellukezdtebk, dr`, tb tm` vdnnek` prblbt`rs, lessà

bppbrtukete`s9

Lessà bppbrtukete`s ndk djsb c` dttrecutà tb cdrre`rs eknjuaeko

hdjs` c`je`hs ròdraeko tru` nbktrdekaendtebks sunm ds9 hdlejy mestbry

bh dky dav`rs` r`dntebks hbjjbweko vdnnekdtebk6 hdlejy mestbry bh

nbkvujsebks6 pr`ldturety6 mestbry bh djj`roy eknjuaeko dstmld,

`nz`ld, mdyh`v`r br skuhhj`s6 nmeja cèko cr`dsthà6 tr`dtl`kt wetmdktecebtens6 nbktdnt wetm dk ekh`ntebus aes`ds`6 dka pr`vebus

p`rtusses-jef` ejjk`ss, l`dsj`s, ruc`jjd br lulps ekh`ntebk.

Qm` drtenj` str`ss`s tmdt tm`r` dr` bkjy twb tru` nbktrdekaendtebks tb

vdnnekdtebk, wmenm dr` pr`s`ktà ek d cbx tetjà O`k`rdj Suj`9


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Qm`r` dr` bkjy twb p`rldk`kt nbktrdekaendtebks tb vdnnekdtebk9

ellàedt` s`v`r` djj`roen br dkdpmyjdnten r`dntebk tb vdnnekdtebk

wetm aepmtm`red-t`tdkus-p`rtusses vdnnek` (AQW)6 dka `kn`pmdjbpdtmy

wetmek ? adys, a`hekà ds s`v`r` dnut` kùrbjboendj ejjk`ss wetm

prbjbkoà sèzur`s dka/br uknbksnebusk`ss dka/br hbndj seoks (cutkbt d selpj` h`crej` nbkvujsebk), wetmbut d fkbwk ndus`. (p.4?)

Ek btm`r wbras, ukj`ss tm` ekhdkt br nmeja nbjjdps`s ellàedt`jy hrbl

dkdpmyjdnten smbnf br ob`s ektb d nbld br stdt` bh sèzur`s wetmek d h`w

adys bh tm` vdnnekdtebk, ellukezdtebk smbuja c` p`rhbrlà rbutek`jy bk

`v`rybk`. Djj tm` bcs`rvà nbrr`jdtebks c`tw``k sucs`qu`kt (dka bht`k

lbr` suctj`) ejjk`ss dka vdnnekdtebk mestbry es aeslessà ds nbeknea`kn`.

Qm` drtenj` pr`s`kts sbl` sp`nehen lytms dka lesnbkn`ptebks wmenm mdv`

sndrà tm` pucjen (dka abntbrs)9Jbss bh pucjen nbkhea`kn` mds c``k a`lbkstrdtà bk kul`rbus

bnndsebks. Hbr `xdlpj`, pucjen nbkn`rks ròdraeko tm` sdh`ty bh

wmbj` n`jj p`rtusses vdnnek` ek tm` 45=7s, r`sujteko ek d a`njek` ek

vdnnek` nbv`rdo` rdt`s dka tm` r`suro`kn` bh `pea`len aes`ds` ek

Idpdk, tm` Pketà Fekoabl dka @urbp`. Lbr` r`n`ktjy ek tm` Pketà

Fekoabl, purpbrtà dssbnedtebks c`tw``k l`dsj`s-lulps-ruc`jjd

(LLS) vdnnek`, Nrbmks aes`ds` dka dutesl r`nèvà lunm làed

dtt`ktebk dka r`sujtà ek d seokehendkt a`njek` ek pucjen nblpjedkn`

wetm tm` kdtebkdj ellukesdtebk prbordl ek tmdt nbuktry. Hurtm`rlàed dtt`ktebk mds c``k hbnusà bk ndusdj r`jdtebksmeps c`tw``k

m`pdtetes C dka lujtepj` snj`rbses, dka Md`lbpmejus ekhju`kzd`typ` c

vdnnek` dka aedc`t`s dka ekhju`kzd vdnnek` dka Ouejjdk`-Cdrr`

sykarbl`.

Qm`r` mdv` djsb c``k nbkn`rks dcbut ellukesdtebk pràespbseko tb

drtmretes jdt`r ek jeh`, ds w`jj ds dutbelluk` aes`ds`. Nbrr`jdtebks mdv`

jekfà vdnnekdtebk adt`s dka suaa`k ekhdkt a`dtm (ÊA^), cut tm`s` dr` kbt

l`ktebkà cy tm` dutmbr bh Xdnnekdtebk Nbuks`jjeko9 aesp`jjeko tm`lytms. Qm` dssbnedtebks c`tw``k vdnnekdtebk dka adldo` tb tm` elluk`

syst`l dr` kbt l`ktebkà ètm`r, dka sp`nehendjjy blettà es tm` nbkk`ntebk

c`tw``k m`pdtetes C vdnnekdtebk dka DEA^.


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M`pdtetes C es d verdj ekh`ntebk wmenm ndk, dka ab`s ek j`ss tmdk 0 p`rn`kt

bh nds`s, j`da tb d nmrbken ekh`ntebk bh tm` jev`r r`sujteko ek eknurdcj`

sndrreko bh tm` jev`r (nerrmbses) dka jev`r hdejur`. J`ss nbkvekneko `vea`kn`

djsb jekfs nmrbken m`pdtetes C ekh`ntebk wetm tm` sucs`qu`kt a`v`jbpl`kt bh

jev`r ndkn`r (djtmbuom lbst wmb a`v`jbp sunm ndkn`r ab kbt mdv` m`pdtetes,dka lbst wmb mdv` m`pdtetes ab kbt a`v`jbp ndkn`r). M`pdtetes C es

trdkslettà s`xudjjy dka cy cjbba-cbrk` trdkslessebk, dnnbraeko tb làendj

t`xts, dka es `ka`len ek sbl` dr`ds bh tm` wbrja (ek tm` tmera wbrja) dka

dlbko pdrtenujdr dt resf orbups ek herst wbrja nbuktre`s. Ek Dustrdjed tm`

ekh`ntebk es sdea tb c` lbr` jef`jy ek mblbs`xudjs, ektrdv`kbus aruo us`rs,

Dcbreoek`s dka ^butm-@dst Dsedks, pdrtenujdrjy Xe`tkdl`s`. Djj tm`s`

pbpujdtebks dr` sp`nehendjjy tdro`ttà hbr vdnnekdtebk dodekst m`pdtetes C,

mbw`v`r, s`rebus qu`stebks mdv` c``k rdesà ròdraeko tm` sdh`ty bh tm`

M`pdtetes C vdnnek`, dka tm` ojbcdj ellukezdtebk prbi`nt lbr` o`k`rdjjy.

Ek tm` 45=7s nbkn`rks w`r` rdesà cy s`v`rdj r`s`drnm`rs dcbut tm`

aesprbpbrtebkdt` kulc`r bh mblbs`xudj l`k ek tm` Pketà ^tdt`s bh

Dl`rend wmb jdt`r a`v`jbpà MEX ekh`ntebks dka DEA^ dht`r cèko

vdnnekdtà wetm dk `xp`rel`ktdj m`pdtetes C vdnnek` ek tm` jdt` 45?7s dka

`drjy 45=7s. Ar Djdk Ndktw`jj r`h`rs tb tmes ek dk drtenj` tetjà, DEA^9 d

abntbrs kbt` bk tm` ldk-lda` tm`bry9

Nbkv`ke`ktjy jbst ek tm` mestbry bh DEA^ es tm` ody M`pdtetes-C

vdnnek` xp`rel`kt tmdt ellàedt`jy pr`nàà tm` a`neldtebk bh odyDl`rendks. D nbmbrt bh bv`r d tmbusdka ybuko odys wds eki`ntà

wetm tm` vdnnek` dt tm` K`w Ubrf Cjbba N`kt`r ek Ldkmdttdk aureko

tm` p`reba Kbv`lc`r 45?= tb Bntbc`r 45?5. êlejdr ody `xp`rel`kts

w`r` nbkauntà ek ^dk Hrdknesnb, Jbs Dko`j`s, A`kv`r, ^t.Jbues, dka

Nmendob, còekkeko ek 45=7. Qm` DEA^ `pea`len crbf` but smbrtjy

tm`r`dht`r. (p.30)

Lbr` a`tdej wds oev`k cy S.Dydkd ek tm` 45== pucjendtebk DEA^9 Qm`

S`dj ^tbry9 Qm` DEA^ verus còdk tb dpp`dr ek mblbs`xudjs drbuka 45?5.

Qmes wds ellàedt`jy hbjjbweko t`sts bh tm` herst m`pdtetes vdnnek`,

sdys Ar I. Dktmbky Lbrress, d j`daeko verbjboest wmb mds wbrfà wetm

tm` KEM, _djt`r S`à Mbspetdj, dka hbr >0 y`drs wetm tm` Hbba & Aruo


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Dalekestrdtebk ek nbkk`ntebk wetm r`s`drnm bk vdnnek`s hbr ekhju`kzd

dka btm`r r`sperdtbry aes`ds`s.

Qm` m`pdtetes-C vdnnek` wds prbaunà useko ekh`ntà cjbba tdf`k

preldrejy hrbl mblbs`xudj ldj`s. Ekhbrldtebk bk MEX ek tm` _`st

prebr tb tm` `drjy 45=7s nbl`s hrbl tm` a`t`ntebk bh dktecbae`s ekcjbba sdlpj`s stbrà ds pdrt bh d ^dk Hrdknesnb stuay bh m`pdtetes C

dlbko mblbs`xudj l`k.

Qm` herst t`sts bh tm` vdnnek` w`r` nbkauntà uka`r ukusudj

nernulstdkn`sBkjy mblbs`xudj ldj`s c`tw``k 37 dka 17 wmb

w`r` kbt lbkbodlbus nbuja pdrtenepdt` ek tm` t`sts bh tm` vdnnek`,

wmenm tbbf pjdn` preknepdjjy ek ^dk Hrdknesnb dka K`w Ubrf. ^bbk

dht`rwdra, DEA^ wds herst a`t`ntà dlbko ody ldj`s ek tm`s` dr`ds.

Qm` N`ktr`s hbr Aes`ds` Nbktrbj (NAN) r`pbrtà ek 45=4 tmdt 1%

bh tmbs` r`nèveko tm` m`pdtetes vdnnek` w`r` DEA^-ekh`ntà. Qmes wdsprebr tb tm` dav`kt bh t`steko fets hbr MEX. Ek 45=1 tm` NAN r`pbrtà

tmdt 87% bh tmbs` ekvbjvà ek tm` m`pdtetes-C prbordl mda a`v`jbpà

DEA^.

Ar Ndktw`jj, ek d lbr` r`n`kt drtenj` (Iuk`, 4555) tetjà Nmelps,

Nbksperdne`s dka Fejj`r Xerus`s, wrbt`9

Còekkeko ek tm` Hdjj bh 45?= (drbuka tm` tel` MEX wds

ektrbaunà ektb tm` ody nbllukety), tmbusdkas bh mblbs`xudjs

w`r` eki`ntà ek K`w Ubrf Nety ds pdrt bh tm` `xp`rel`ktdj m`pdtetes Cvdnnek` prbordl. Ek 45?5 tm` herst h`w nds`s bh DEA^ (tm`k fkbwk ds

ody-r`jdtà elluk` a`hene`kny sykarbl`) smbwà up ek

Ldkmdttdk.

Aureko tm` y`drs 45=7-45=4, selejdr vdnnek` `xp`rel`kts w`r`

nbkauntà ek Jbs Dko`j`s, ^dk Hrdknesnb, A`kv`r, Nmendob dka

^t.Jbues. Ek tm` Hdjj bh 45=7 tm` herst _`st Nbdst nds` bh DEA^

dpp`drà ek d ybuko ldk hrbl dk Hrdknesnb.

Cy 45=7 tw`kty p`rn`kt bh tm` Ldkmdttdk l`k ek tm`

`xp`rel`kt mda turkà MEX-pbsetev`

M` nbkteku`s9

Mbw nbuja MEX c``k s`àà ektb odys aureko vdnnek` `xp`rel`kts

ek tm` jdt` 45?7s wm`k tm` verus wds suppbsàjy ukfkbwk dka

ukdvdejdcj` tb sne`ktests2 Pktej r`n`ktjy et wds njdelà tmdt tm`


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`drje`st MEX-pbsetev` cjbba sp`nel`ks djj trdnà cdnf tb ody l`k ek

tm` m`pdtetes C `xp`rel`kt dt tm` K`w Ubrf Cjbba N`kt`r. (Qmes hdnt ek

ets`jh smbuja oev` sbl` nrà`kn` tb tm` r`jdtebksmep c`tw``k tm`

`xp`rel`kt dka tm` butcr`df bh DEA^.)

Mbw`v`r, `vea`kn` prbveaà cy Ibs`pm LnNbrlenf ek J`v`j 19Xerus Mukt`rs bh tm` NAN (Qurk`r Wucjesmeko, 4558) suoo`sts MEX-

nbktdlekdtà cjbba wds djr`day ek tm` verbjboy r`s`drnm nbllukety

c`hbr` tm` ody `xp`rel`kts còdk. LnNbrlenf, d hbrl`r nme`h bh tm`

NANs (N`ktr` hbr Aes`ds` Nbktrbj) jò`kadry mbt zbk` jdcbrdtbry,

njdels tmdt mukaràs bh vedjs bh Dhrendk s`rul w`r` nbjj`ntà dka

dersmeppà tb tm` NAN (dka pr`suldcjy djsb tb cebwdrhdr` dka ndkn`r

verus jdcbrdtbre`s) hbr r`s`drnm purpbs`s ek 45?8. Qm`s` cjbba

sp`nel`ks w`r` nbjj`ntà hrbl kdtev`s ek d r`lbt` kbrtm`rk dr`d bh

Yder` (kbw fkbwk ds tm` A`lbnrdten S`pucjen bh tm` Nbkob) wmbw`r` `xpbsà tb tm` lyst`rebus Dhrendk @cbjd verus butcr`df (y`t

dkbtm`r `l`roeko verus bh aucebus breoek).

D a`nda` jdt`r wm`k tm`s` vedjs w`r` r`t`stà hbr MEX, et wds

aesnbv`rà tmdt 0 but bh 877 sdlpj`s w`r` pbsetev` hbr MEX, dka hrbl

bk` sp`nel`k tm` verus wds dntudjjy nujturà. Qmus, twb y`drs c`hbr`

tm` m`pdtetes `xp`rel`kt còdk, MEX-ekh`ntà Dhrendk cjbba wds ek

tm` mdkas bh cebwdrhdr` sne`ktests dka dkeldj ndkn`r verus

r`s`drnm`rs.

Djdk Ndktw`jj ldf`s tm` dssulptebk tmdt verdjjy ekh`ntà s`rul hrbl

Dhrend cèko ek tm` mdkas bh tm` NAN ek tm` 45?7s l`dkt tmdt et wds djsb ek

tm` mdkas bh cebwdrhdr` dka ndkn`r verus jdcbrdtbre`s. Es tmes tru`2 _mej`

ndkn`r verus jdcbrdtbre`s n`rtdekjy `xest ek tm` P^ dka `js`wm`r` ek tm`

_`st, cebwdrhdr` jdcbrdtbre`s ab kbt bhhenedjjy `xest ek tm` P^D, Cretdek br

@urbp`. Qm`y w`r` butjdwà ek tm` `drjy 45?7s. Dt tmes tel` tm` Drly

Cebjboendj _drhdr` Jdcbrdtbry dt Hbrt A`trenf (Ldryjdka) wds r`kdlà tm`

Kdtebkdj Ndkn`r Ekstetut`s Hrà`renf Ndkn`r S`s`drnm Hdnejety. Aea tm`

tmreveko Dl`rendk cebjboendj wdrhdr` ekaustry ldf` d ardldten nmdko` hrblaes`ds` nr`dtebk ek tm` `k`ly tb aes`ds` pr`v`ktebk dka nur` hbr

`v`rybk`, ròdraj`ss bh rdn`, nbjbur, njdss br r`jeoebk2 Eh sb, wm`k aea tmes

mdpp`k2


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Btm`r r`s`drnm`rs dka nbll`ktdtbrs mdv` a`snrecà d smeht ek

cebwdrhdr` hrbl bhhenedj lejetdry a`pdrtl`kts tb prevdt` ukev`rsete`s,

jdcbrdtbre`s dka r`s`drnm ekstetutebks wmenm r`nèvà lejetdry nbktrdnts dka

prbveaà tm` lejetdry wetm daven` dka `xp`rtes` bk verbjboy (dka làenek`

o`k`rdjjy), prbt`ntebk dodekst cebwdrhdr` dka nm`lendj wdrhdr`, dkapr`v`ktebk bh aes`ds` ek nblcdt. Qmes es jef`jy tb c` tm` nds`, mbw`v`r tm`

daven` es sdea tb c` ekt`kaà hbr prbt`ntebk dodekstcebjboendj dka nm`lendj

wdrhdr`. Qmus tm` sbjae`rs wmb w`r` s`kt tb tm` W`rsedk Oujh ek tm` 4557s

w`r` oev`k `xp`rel`ktdj vdnnek`s dodekst dktmrdx dka cbtujekul tbxek,

wmenm w`r` sdea tb c` ek ^daadl Mussèks cebjboendj wdrhdr` drlbury. Et es

`dsy tb r`nbokes` prbcj`ls ek tm` daven` tm` Dl`rendk lejetdry mdv` c``k

oev`k hrbl tm` r`n`ktjy pucjenesà Oujh _dr ^ykarbl` dka tm` ldky

prbcj`ls dhh`nteko sbjae`rs wmb r`turkà hrbl Xe`tkdl (eknjuaeko

psynmbjboendj prbcj`ls, aruo daaentebk dka tm` `hh`nts bh pbesbkeko cytbxeks sunm ds Do`kt Brdko`). Eh Erdq wds jeleteko ets cebjboendj wdrhdr`

r`s`drnm tb dktmrdx dka cbtujesl, cy tm` wdy, tmèr sne`kn` es hdr c`meka

tm` tel`s. Qm`s` do`kts w`r` fkbwk dcbut bv`r d mukarà y`drs dob. Qm`

rdko` bh pbt`ktedj cebwdrhdr` do`kts mds orbwk nbksea`rdcjy sekn` tm`k.

Ar Ibs`pm LnNbrlenf, dk eksea`r ek tm` NAN, dka bk` bh tm` f`y

bctdek`rs bh ekh`ntà cjbba sp`nel`ks hbr tm` Dl`rendk obv`rkl`kt dka

NAN, ldf`s kb dalessebk dcbut Dl`rendk br @urbp`dk cebjboendj wdrhdr` ek

J`v`j 19 Xerus Mukt`rs bh tm` NAN, djtmbuom m` ab`s ldf` d sekoj` r`h`r`kn`tb ekt`r`st ek md`lbrrmdoen h`v`rs ds do`kts hbr cebjboendj wdrhdr`. Qmes

r`h`r`kn` elpjendt`s Sussedk sne`kn` cut kbt tmdt bh tm` Dl`rendks9

Nmekd dka tm` hbrl`r ^bve`t Pkebk mdv` djwdys mda d f``k

ekt`r`st ek m`lbrrmdoen h`v`rs. _` fkbw tmdt tm` ^bve`t lejetdry mda

`stdcjesmà d ldibr `xp`rel`ktdj prbordl tb ekv`steodt` tm`s`

aes`ds`s. Cut tmèr ekt`r`st ek tm` verus`s wds kbt k`n`ssdrejy

djtruesten. Lbr` blekbusjy, tm`y ldy mdv` c``k lbtevdtà cy tm`

prbsp`nt bh a`v`jbpeko NNMH dka btm`r aes`ds`s hbr us` ek cebjboendj

wdrhdr`. (p.>4>)

NNMH es dk dnrbkyl hbr Nrel`dk Nbkob Md`lbrrmdoen H`v`r, bk` bh

s`v`rdj fkbwk verdj md`lbrrmdoen h`v`rs, btm`rs eknjuaeko Jdssd H`v`r,

@cbjd Xerus dka Ldrcuro verus. Qm`y ndus` h`v`r, aedrrmb`d wmenm c`nbl`s

cjbbay, dka ndk ndus` hdtdj md`lbrrmdo`. Qm` ekh`ntebks ndk djsb ndus`


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`kn`pmdjetes wetm jbss bh nbksnebusk`ss, nbkvujsebks, nbld dka a`dtm. Lbst

pmysenedks ek Dustrdjed, eknjuaeko lys`jh, mdv` k`v`r s``k d nds` bh

md`lbrrmdoen h`v`r cut et sbukas jef` d mbrrehen ejjk`ss. Qm`s` ekh`ntebks dr`

hdtdj, dt tel`s, dka ndk djsb ndus` p`rldk`kt aesdcejety, ldekjy tmrbuom

crdek adldo`. Dnnbraeko tb LnNbrlenf, m` pebk``rà tm` us` bh tm` dkte-verdj aruo recdverek hbr dnut` md`lbrrmdoen h`v`rs ek Dhrend (wm`r` lbst bh

tm` a`dtms hrbl md`lbrrmdoen h`v`rs bnnur) dht`r uksunn`sshuj xp`rel`kts

wetm pjdsld hrbl r`nbv`rà pdte`kts. M` hbuka ektrdv`kbus recdverek

pdrtenujdrjy `hh`ntev` ek tm` tr`dtl`kt bh `drjy Jdssd H`v`r, djtmbuom et

c`nbl`s vea`kt tmdt tm` aruo wds kbt dhhbradcj` hbr lbst Dhrendks.

Ek Ibs`pm LnNbrlenfs dav`ktur`s dka tmbs` bh mes weh` ûsdk Hesm`r-

Mbnm (wmb nb-dutmbrs J`v`j 19 Xerus Mukt`rs bh tm` NAN) et c`nbl`s `vea`kt

tmdt tm` Dl`rendk lejetdry djsb mdv` dk dntev` ekt`r`st ek md`lbrrmdoenh`v`rs, dka nbjjdcbrdt` wetm tm` NAN dt tel`s. ^`kebr stdhh hrbl tm` NAN

mdv` sucs`qu`ktjy c``k `lpjbyà ek tm` P^DLSEEA (Pketà ^tdt`s Drly

Làendj S`s`drnm Ekstetut` bh Ekh`ntebus Aes`ds`s, cdsà dt Hbrt A`trenf,

Ldryjdka). Ek hdnt, et wds hrbl `xp`rel`kts bk ekh`ntà lbkf`ys dt tm` P^

lejetdry r`s`drnm n`ktr` tmdt Ln Nbrlenf obt tm` ea`d bh tryeko but recdverek

bk muldks wetm Jdssd H`v`r9

Fdrj *Ar Fdrj Ibmksbk, nme`h bh ^p`nedj Wdtmbo`ks dt NAN+ tbja l`

tmdt m` wds djr`day t`steko tm` aruo dodekst Jdssd verus ek tessu`

nujtur`s, daaeko tmdt selejdr `xp`rel`kts w`r` cèko nbkauntà cyW`t`r Idmrjeko dt P^DLSEEA. W`t`r wds ekh`nteko lbkf`ys wetm Jdssd

verus dka tr`dteko tm`l wetm recdverek. Qm`r` wds obba sdh`ty adtd bk

tm` aruo, eknjuaeko muldk us` adtd, c`ndus` et mda djr`day c``k

usà sunn`sshujjy ds d tr`dtl`kt hbr dnut` verdj pkùlbked ek

ekhdkts. (p.55)

Fdrj Ibmksbk wds m`da bh ^p`nedj Wdtmbo`ks dt tm` NAN (dka

LnNbrlenfs cbss) aureko tm` 45?7s, wm`k tm` herst nds`s bh DEA^ w`r`

aesnbv`rà (cut c`hbr` Sbc`rt Odjjbs dkkbukn`l`kt tmdt m` mdaaesnbv`rà tm` MEX verus), dka w`kt hrbl tm`r` tb wbrf dt tm` P^DLSEEA ek

45=3, j`dveko tmr`` y`drs jdt`r, smbrtjy dht`r Odjjbs dkkbukn`l`kt (ek

45=1). Et wds Ibmksbk wmb herst s`kt LnNbrlenf tb Dhrend ek 45?8 ek s`drnm

bh @cbjd Xerus.


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3=

J`v`j 19 Xerus Mukt`rs bh tm` NAN es d p`rsbkdj dnnbukt bh LnNbrlenfs

dav`ktur`s ek s`drnm bh fejj`r verus`s ek Dhrend aureko tm` 45?7s dka 45=7s

dka oev`s dk ekaendtebk bh sbl` bh tm` ukbhhenedj dka bhhenedj djjedkn`s tmdt

bnnur ek tm` adko`rbus wbrja bh verdj `pea`len r`s`drnm. Ln Nbrlenf t`jjs

mes stbry ek ordpmen a`tdej, nbkn`ktrdteko lbr` bk pr`s`kteko dk`kt`rtdekeko kdrrdtev` tmdk prbveaeko sbjutebks tb tm` prbcj`ls bh ojbcdj

m`djtm. M` pbrtrdys mels`jh ds tm` m`rb9 v`ktureko ektb tm` adrf`st Dhrend ek

s`drnm bh tm` sburn` bh Jdssd H`v`r, @cbjd verus, Ldrcuro verus dka btm`r

md`lbrrmdoen h`v`rs. Qm`s` dr` pbt`ktedjjy j`tmdj verus`s, cut LnNbrlenf,

ek t`jjeko d ardldten kdrrdtev` `xdoo`rdt`s tm` ardld. _reteko dcbut

prenfeko mes heko`r wetm d pbssecjy ekh`ntà k`àj`, m` wret`s9

Mbw nbuja E mdv` c``k sb ndr`j`ss2 E mda cjà bv`r tmr``

mukarà ventels bh Jdssd H`v`r dka k`v`r nbl` njbs` tb prenfeko

lys`jh. Ly herst eksteknt wds tb pujj bhh ly ojbv` dka nry but, cutwmdt obba wbuja tmdt mdv` abk`2 Qmbuom E reksà bhh tm` ojbv` wetm

aesekh`ntdkt, E fk`w tm` adldo` mda c``k abk`. ^b tm` bkjy tmeko E

nbuja ab wds hekesm cj`àeko tm` wbldk dka nbkteku` wetm ly wbrf.

E ndkt sdy tmdt E wds ndjl, cut E wdskt ek d pdken, ètm`r. ^tejj, E mda d

kdus`dteko h``jeko. E fk`w, lbr` tmdk lbst p`bpj`, tmdt wm`k ybu

o`t stunf cy d pbt`ktedjjy nbktdlekdtà k`àj` ek tm` least bh d

a`dajy `pea`len jef` tm` bk` Ea `drje`r ekv`steodtà ek Yder` tm`

baas hbr survevdj dr`kt v`ry obba.

Dntudjjy, Ea mdv` tb sdy tmdt tm` hdtdjety rdt` wds dcbut 477p`rn`kt. (p.4?)

Qmes es kbt dntudjjy tru`, dka Ar LnNbrlenf smbuja fkbw et kbt tb c`

tru`. D k`àj`-prenf wetm `v`k d a`heket`jy ekh`ntà k`àj` ab`s kbt

oudrdkt`` ekh`ntebk9 tm` resf bh tmes es d sldjj p`rn`ktdo` `v`k wetm tm`

lbst a`dajy verus`s. K`v`rtm`j`ss, @cbjd verus, wmenm pbt`ktedjjy

nbktdlekdtà tm` k`àj` wetm wmenm m` dnnea`ktdjjy prenfà mels`jh, es d

mbrrehen lenrb-brodkesl.

Qm` 45=7 àetebk bh Mdrresbks Wreknepj`s bh Ekt`rkdj Làenekà`snrec`s

tm` t`rrecj` lbrtdjety tmdt tmes verdj ekh`ntebk ndusà ek `drjy nds`s (djj hrbl

N`ktrdj Dhrend)9

C`tw``k Iujy dka Kbv`lc`r 45?8 selujtdk`bus butcr`dfs bh

dk dnut` h`crej` m`lbrrmdoen aes`ds` bnnurrà ek ^butm`rk ûadk dka


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35

Kbrtm`rk Yder`. ^`nbkadry dka t`rtedry spr`da bh ekh`ntebk,

pdrtenujdrjy dlbko mbspetdj stdhh, wds kbtà. Ek tm` ûadk bv`r >77

nds`s wetm 404 a`dtms dka ek Yder` 3>? nds`s wetm 344 hdtdjete`s w`r`

r`pbrtà. Ek bk` ûadk`s` mbspetdj, ?8 l`lc`rs bh d stdhh bh 3>7

w`r` ekh`ntà dka 14 aeà. Qm` verus esbjdtà hrbl pdte`kts ek tm`ûadk dka Yder` wds lbrpmbjboendjjy selejdr tb tm` Ldrcuro do`kt

cut wds dkteo`kendjjy aesteknt. Qm` kdl` @cbjd verus, dht`r tm` rev`r ek

Yder` jbndtà k`dr tm` `pea`len, mds c``k prbpbsà. (p.=33)

Qm` t`xtcbbf a`snrec`s tm` typendj nburs` bh dk @cbjd verus ekh`ntebk9

g Njekendjjy, tm` aes`ds` es selejdr tb Ldrcuro verus aes`ds`. Qm`

eknucdtebk p`reba rdko`s hrbl 1 tb 8 adys. Wdte`kts usudjjy pr`s`kt

bk tm` hehtm ady bh ejjk`ss wetm d mestbry bh dcrupt bks`t bh m`dadnm`,

ldjdes`, lydjoeds Vlusnj` pdeks\, meom h`v`r, aedrrm`d, dcablekdjpdek, a`myardtebk, dka j`tmdroy. Wjùreten nm`st pdek, d ary mdnfeko

nbuom dka d prbkbuknà pmdrykoetes Vtmrbdt ekhjdlldtebk\ w`r` djsb

kbtà. D ldnujbpdpujdr `ruptebk Vsfek rdsm\ a`v`jbps c`tw``k adys

0 tb ? bh ejjk`ss. Bk cjdnf sfeks tm` rdsm es bht`k hdekt dka kbt

r`nbokesà uktej a`squdldtebk Vjbss bh surhdn` jdy`rs bh sfek\ bnnurs.

M`ldt`l`ses Vvbleteko cjbba\, l`j`kd Vpdssdo` bh cjbba ek hd`n`s\,

dka cj`àeko hrbl tm` kbs`, ouls dka vdoekd dr` nbllbk. Dcbrtebk

dka ldssev` l`trbrrmdoed wds d hr`qu`kt nblpjendtebk dlbko

pròkdkt wbl`k. A`dtm usudjjy bnnurs ek tm` s`nbka w``f bh ejjk`ssdka es pr`nàà cy s`v`r` cjbba jbss dka smbnf. (p.=3>)

Qm` ejjk`ss ndusà cy @cbjd Xerus es selejdr tb tmdt bh Ldrcuro verus,

kdlà dht`r tm` O`rldk tbwk wm`r` tm` herst nds` bh tm` md`lbrrmdoen

verdj ekh`ntebk wds aesnbv`rà, ek 458?. Djj tm` eketedj nds`s bh muldk

ekh`ntebk w`r` ek p`bpj` wbrfeko ek O`rldk dka Uuobsjdvedk làendj

jdcbrdtbre`s wm`r` tm`y w`r` `xpbsà tb Dhrendk Or``k Lbkf`ys,

dnnbraeko tb Mdrresbks Wreknepj`s bh Ekt`rkdj Làenek`. Qm` t`xtcbbf oev`s

dk bv`rve`w bh tm` `pea`lebjboendj cdses bk wmenm tm` lbkf`ys w`rèlpjendtà9

Qm` eketedj butcr`dfs dhh`ntà >4 pdte`kts ek Ldrcuro dka

Hrdkfhurt, O`rldky, dka C`jorda`, Uuobsjdved, dka wds

`pea`lebjboendjjy jekfà tb lbkf`ys elpbrtà hrbl tm` sdl` sburn`

ek Podkad. Xerus wds esbjdtà hrbl tm` cjbba dka tessu` bh tm`s`


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>7

lbkf`ys. Bh tm` 30 preldry ekh`ntebks, tm`r` w`r` s`v`k a`dtms. êx

s`nbkadry nds`s, ekvbjveko twb pmysenedks, bk` kurs`, d pbstlbrt`l

dtt`kadkt, dka tm` weh` bh d v`t`rekdredk bnnurrà. W`rsbk-tb-p`rsbk

trdkslessebk wds h`jt tb tdf` pjdn` ved dnnea`ktdj k`àj` stenfs br

dcrdsebks, djtmbuom r`sperdtbry dka nbkiukntevdj ekh`ntebk nbuja kbtc` rujà but. Qm` weh` bh bk` pdte`kt a`v`jbpà Ldrcuro verus

aes`ds` dt tm` bks`t bh mes ejjk`ss6 Ldrcuro verus wds a`lbkstrdtà

ek tm` s`l`k bh tm` breoekdj pdte`kt, a`spet` tm` pr`s`kn` bh

nernujdteko dktecbay, dka tmes s`nbkadry nds` es c`je`và tb mdv` c``k

dnquerà tmrbuom s`xudj ekt`rnburs`. ûcs`qu`kt ekv`steodtebks ek

tm` Jdf` Fybod ròebk bh Podkad wm`r` tm` lbkf`ys breoekdtà

r`v`djà kb ukusudj ejjk`ss`s br a`dtm dlbko preldt`s ek tm` dr`d.

Nblpj`l`kt hexdtebk dktecbae`s w`r` a`lbkstrdt a ek >8 p`rn`kt bh

N. d`tmebpsVor``k lbkf`ys\ trdppà ek tm` ròebk, dka dktecbay wdsa`t`ntà ek tmr`` lbkf`y trdpp`rs. (p.=33)

Qm`r` dr` btm`r pbssecejete`s wbrtm nbksea`reko hbr tm` breoek bh Ldrcuro

verus, @cbjd verus dka MEX. Bk` es tmdt tm` verus`s drbs` tmrbuom nrbss-

ekh`ntebk hrbl `xp`rel`ktdj dkeldjs dka muldks wmb w`r` ekh`nteko tm`l

wetm vdrebus verus`s tb stuay tm` `hh`nts bh ekh`ntebk ek aehh`r`kt dkeldjs

(eknjuaeko or``k lbkf`ys) dka t`steko aruos bk tm`s` dkeldjs c`hbr` useko

tm`l bk muldks. Dkbtm`r pbssecejety es tmdt tm` ekh`ntebks w`r`

trdkslettà tb m`djtm ndr` wbrf`rs dka jdcbrdtbry wbrf`rs ved`xp`rel`ktdj vdnnek`s br ekh`ntà vdnnek`s (jdcbrdtbry wbrf`rs dka m`djtm

ndr` wbrf`rs dr` rbutek`jy ellukesà ds dt resf orbups). Qm`s` vdnnek`s

nbuja mdv` c``k ukekt`ktebkdjjy nbktdlekdtà wetm dkeldj verus`s, br tm`y

nbuja mdv` c``k ekt`ktebkdj tredjs bk tm` r`s`drnm`rs. _mej` tm` jdtt`r

leomt s``l elprbcdcj`, dalessebks cy tm` P^ lejetdry tmdt mukaràs bh

bp`k der o`rl t`sts w`r` abk` bk nevejedk pbpujdtebks bh nete`s ek tm` P^D

ek tm` 4507s dka 87s, ldf` et nj`dr tmdt lbrdjety pjdys jettj` rbj` ek

`xp`rel`ktdj `tmens ds hdr ds tm` P^ lejetdry r`s`drnm `stdcjesml`kt es

nbkn`rkà. Et es djsb nj`dr tmdt tm` P^ lejetdry mdv` kbt m`setdtà tba`jec`rdt`jy ekh`nt lbkf`ys wetm md`lbrrmdoen h`v`r verus`s. ûsdk Hesm`r-

Mbnm, ek J`v`j 1 Xerus Mukt`rs bh tm` NANwret`s9

Et es tru` tmdt `xp`rel`kts mdv` c``k nbkauntà dt P^DLSEEA tb

smbw tmdt d`rbsbj spr`da bh s`v`rdj m`lbrrmdoen h`v`r verus`s es

pbssecj`. Cut abeko sb r`quer`s tm` us` bh d luzzj` syst`l dttdnmà


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>4

tb tm` hdn` bh ouek`d peos dka lbkf`ys, wmenm a`jev`rs d jdro` abs`

uka`r pr`ssur`. (p.3=1)

Jdssd h`v`r es d j`ss adko`rbus md`lbrrmdoen h`v`r tmdk tmdt ndusà cy@cbjd verus br Ldrcuro verus, dka lbst p`bpj` wmb dr` ekh`ntà wetm Jdssd

h`v`r survev`. Qm` 45=7 àetebk bh tm` dutmbretdtev` t`xtcbbf Mdrresbks

Wreknepj`s bh Ekt`rkdj Làenekòdv` tm` bhhenedj lbrtdjety heour`s hbr wmdt es

a`snrecà ek tm` cbbf ds d k`w verusaes`ds`9

Qm` lbrtdjety rdt`s ek Ibs *ek Keo`red, wm`r` dk butcr`df

bnnurrà ek 45?7\ dka Ybrzbr Vek Jec`red, wm`r` dk butcr`df bnnurrà

ek 45?3\ w`r` 03 p`rn`kt dka >8 p`rn`kt, r`sp`ntev`jy, wmej` ek ê`rrd

J`bk` tm` rdt` wds = p`rn`kt.

Qm`s` lbrtdjety heour`s dr` cdsà bk sldjj sdlpj`s, sekn` tm` kulc`r bh

p`bpj` wmb c`ndl` ejj dka aeà wds bkjy 47 (but bh >3 susp`ntà nds`s) ek

Keo`red dka 1 (but bh 47 susp`ntà nds`s) ek Jec`red. Lbr` nds`s bh tm`

md`lbrrmdoen h`v`r w`r` r`pbrtà c`tw``k 45?7 dka 45?3 hrbl ê`rrd

J`bk`, cut stejj bkjy 8> nds`s w`r` r`pbrtà. Qm` lbrtdjety rdt` dlbkost

tm`s` susp`ntà nds`s wds seokehendktjy jbw`r tmdk ek Keo`red dka Jec`red,

wetm d a`dtm rdt` bh = p`rn`kt r`pbrtà ek Mdrresbks Wreknepj`s bh Ekt`rkdj

Làenek`. Qm` t`xtcbbf djsb oev`s stdtestens wmenm suoo`st tmdt Jdssd H`v`r

es kbt usudjjy d fejj`r verus9Ek ê`rrd J`bk` 8 p`rn`kt bh tm` pbpujdtebk surv`yà mda

nblpj`l`kt-hexeko dktecbay dodekst Jdssd Xerus, wmej` bkjy 7.3

p`rn`kt mda r`nbokesà aes`ds`, suoo`steko leja aes`ds` br

ekdppdr`kt ekh`ntebk. Ek Jec`red 47 p`rn`kt bh mbspetdj p`rsbkk`j mda

dktecbae`s. (p.=1>)

Ek tm` ardldten tdj` bh mbw m` aesnbv`rà tm` vdju` bh ektrdv`kbus

recdverek (dk dkte-verdj aruo) hbr tm` tr`dtl`kt bh `drjy ekh`ntebk wetm Jdssd

H`v`r ek ê`rrd J`bk`, mbw`v`r, Ln Nbrlenf oev`s aehh`r`kt heour`s hbruktr`dtà v`rsus tr`dtà Jdssd H`v`r9

_` w`kt bk tb tr`dt lbr` tmdk 4,077 pdte`kts wetm jdcbrdtbry-

nbkherlà Jdssd H`v`r. Hrbl bv`r 48 p`rn`kt, lbrtdjety arbppà

ardldtendjjy tb j`ss tmdk 0 p`rn`kt. Ds tel` w`kt bk, tm` k`w

tr`dtl`kt c`ndl` hdlbus tmrbuombut tm` aestrent (p.47?)


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>3

Qm` heour` bh d ràuntebk hrbl 48% lbrtdjety tb 0%, wmenm wds

dttrecutà tb tr`dtl`kt wetm recdverek, ndk c` `xpjdekà ek btm`r wdys. Qm`

stuae`s ek tm` m`djtmy pbpujdtebk bh ê`rrd J`bk` dka Jec`red ekaendt` tmdt d

lunm jdro`r prbpbrtebk bh tm` pbpujdtebk mdv` Jdssd H`v`r dktecbae`s tmdkdntudjjy a`v`jbp sylptbls bh tm` aes`ds`, j`t djbk` ae` hrbl et. Cy abeko

wea`spr`da dka `drje`r t`steko hbr dktecbae`s, d sez`dcj` kulc`r bh lejajy

ekh`ntà p`bpj` (wmb wbuja r`nbv`r wetmbut tr`dtl`kt dkywdy) nbuja mdv`

c``k tr`dtà wetm tm` aruo, r`sujteko ek dppdrdktjy jbw`rà lbrtdjety rdt`s

cy us` bh tm` aruo. Et es dnn`ptà cy Ln Nbrlenf tmdt s`rebus nds`s aea kbt

r`nbv`r, `v`k wetm us` bh tm` aruo, dka tmdt mes pr`vebus tredjs bh brdj

recdverek w`r` bh abucthuj vdju`.

Qm`s` tredjs, a`snrecà ek d nmdpt`r tetjà ldoen cujj`ts, bnnurrà ek45?5, dka ekvbjvà nblpdreko brdj recdverek wetm pjdsld tdf`k hrbl p`bpj`

wmb mda r`nbv`rà hrbl Jdssd H`v`r. Dht`r r`turkeko tb NAN m`daqudrt`rs

ek Dtjdktd, Ln Nbrlenf dkdjysà tm` r`sujts bh tm` tr`dtl`kt wetm tm` m`jp

bh nblput`r t`nmkbjboy9

Qm` herst dkdjyses suoo`stà tmdt kètm`r tr`dtl`kt wds `hh`ntev`.

Jbbfà dt ds nbja, mdra kulc`rs, `v`k tm` recdverek s``là tb mdv`

jettj` hh`nt.

U`t E nbuja kbt j`t ob sb `dsejy. Qm` lbr` E tmbuomt dcbut et, tm`

lbr` E còdk tb wbka`r wm`tm`r tm`r` leomt kbt c` dkbtm`r wdy bhjbbfeko dt tm` r`sujts. E w`kt cdnf dka r`dkdjyzà tm` adtd. Qmes tel`,

E a`neaà, w` wbuja tdf` d aehh`r`kt tdnf. E stdrtà tb cr`df abwk tm`

pdte`kts ektb twb cdsen ndtòbre`s tmbs` wmb w`r` ek tm` `drjy

stdo`s bh ejjk`ss bk tm` ady w` còdk tr`dtl`kt, dka tmbs` wmb w`r`

ek tm` jdt` stdo`s. Ek bur herst dkdjyses, w` tbbf kb dnnbukt bh tm`

teleko bh tm` dalessebk9 _m`k aea tm` pdte`kt c`nbl` ejj, dka wm`k

aea m` dntudjjy ob tb tm` mbspetdj hbr m`jp2 Kbw E tbbf ektb dnnbukt

mbw lunm tel` mda pdssà hrbl tm` bks`t bh ejjk`ss tb tm` ady wà

stdrtà recdverek.Kb ldtt`r mbw w` jbbfà dt tm` adtd hbr elluk` pjdsld, tm`

r`sujt wds tm` sdl`. Ek `v`ry nds`, tm` pjdsld hdejà tb wbrf. Et

aeakt ldtt`r mbw `drjy ek tm` aes`ds` w` tr`dtà, tm` pdte`kts

nbktekuà tb ae` dt tm` sdl` rdt` ds c`hbr`. Cut wetm tm` recdverek E

a`t`ntà d ojell`r bh sunn`ss, tm` hdekt ojbw, p`rmdps, bh dt j`dst d


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>>

hrdntebk bh tm` lerdnj` w` sbuomt. Eh d pdte`kt wds dalettà ek tm`

herst sex br s`v`k adys bh mes ejjk`ss, recdverek elprbvà prbsp`nts hbr

survevdj. Eh tm` pdte`kt mda c``k senf hbr lbr` tmdk d w``f, tm`

ndpsuj`s mda j`ss `hh`nt. _` w`r` bktb sbl`tmeko.

Qm` hdekt ojbw bh d hrdntebk bh d lerdnj`, prbveaà cy d aruo wmenm wds

djwdys tbb `xp`ksev` hbr ê`rrd J`bk`, Keo`red br Jec`red tb dhhbra hbr tmèr

elpbv`resmà netez`ks. Qm` sdl` dppje`s hbr dzeabtmyleaek`

(DYQ/Yeabvuaek`)9 dpdrt hrbl a`cdtdcj` c`k`hets hrbl tm` aruo, et es tbb

`xp`ksev` hbr lbst bh tm` p`bpj` wetm DEA^ ek tm` wbrja tbady.

Hurtm`rlbr`, et ldy smbrt`k, rdtm`r tmdk j`kotm`k, jeh` xp`ntdkny.

Qm` pbssecejety tmdt DEA^ mds c``k ektrbaunà ektb tm` muldk

pbpujdtebk tmrbuom vdnnekdtebks, wm`tm`r dnnea`ktdjjy br ekt`ktebkdjjy, es sbs`rebus tmdt et ndkkbt c` `dsejy aeslessà ds ukprbvdcj` br ukjef`jy. Eh

ukekt`ktebkdj et es d làendj cjuka`r bh ukpr`nà`ktà sndj`, wmenm

wdrrdkts dk ellàedt` r`-`vdjudtebk bh làendj ellukezdtebk strdtòe`s

dka pucjen m`djtm prbordls wbrjawea`. Eh ekt`ktebkdj, wmenm es d pbssecejety

rdesà cy s`v`rdj r`s`drnm`rs, et es dk dnt bh crutdj o`kbnea` dka ldss-

lura`r `v`k wbrs` tmdk tm` Kdze dtrbnete`s bh tm` ^`nbka _brja _dr, dka

tm` p`rp`trdtbrs smbuja c` ek presbk. Ndktw`jj ldf`s tm` elpbrtdkt pbekt,

mbw`v`r, tmdt djj cebjboendj wdrhdr` r`s`drnm ek tm` P^ es s`nr`t dka meaa`k

hrbl pucjen ve`w. Qm` sdl` dppje`s tb cebjboendj wdrhdr` r`s`drnm ek btm`rnbuktre`s, eknjuaeko Dustrdjed dka Cretdek.

Qm` mestbry, a`lbordpmens dka `pea`lebjboy bh DEA^ ek tm` lba`rk

wbrja dr` selpjy eknbksest`kt wetm tm` tm`bry, prblbtà cy tm` làendj

dka pmdrldnùtendj ekaustre`s ek Cretdek, Dl`rend dka Dustrdjed, tmdt tm`

ekh`ntebk, kbw ndjjà Muldk Ellukba`hene`kny Xerus (MEX), spr`da tb

muldks hrbl weja lbkf`ys (br nmelpdkz``s) ek N`ktrdj Dhrend aureko tm`

4587s br 45?7s. Et nj`drjy ab`s kbt `xpjdek d selujtdk`bus `xpjbsebk bh MEX

dka DEA^ ek wmet` mblbs`xudjs ek Dl`rend, dka cjdnf m`t`rbs`xudj l`kdka wbl`k ds w`jj ds nmejar`k ek Dhrend. Ndktw`jj wrbt`, ek 455=9

_m`r` aea MEX breoekdt`2 Wrblek`kt ndkn`r verbjboests dka

obv`rkl`kt `pea`lebjboests mdv` tm`bresà tmdt MEX breoekdtà ek

Dhrendk or``k lbkf`ys. Wurpbrtàjy tm` lbkf`y verus iulpà

sp`ne`s dka `kt`rà tm` cjdnf pbpujdtebk. Hrbl tm`r` et leordtà tb


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Mdete dka Ldkmdttdk. Dht`r tm` verus `kt`rà tm` cjdnf m`t`rbs`xudj

pbpujdtebk ek tm` jdt` 45?7s, et rdpeajy spr`da tb lejjebks bh cjdnfs

c`ndus` bh trdkshusebks wetm MEX-ekh`ntà cjbba, aerty k`àj`s,

prblesnuety dka o`ketdj ujn`rsbr sb tm` `xp`rts sdea.

Kbt djj sne`ktests c`je`v` tm` bhhenedj lbkf`y stbry, djtmbuom et esrdr` tb heka p`bpj` wmb `xpr`ss tmes ve`w pucjenjy. Bk` p`rsest`kt

uka`rorbuka rulbr es tmdt DEA^ es cebjboendj wdrhdr`. Wrbpbk`kts bh

tm` DEA^ nbksperdny tm`bry c`je`v` tmdt DEA^ mds kbtmeko tb ab wetm

or``k lbkf`ys, mblbs`xudjety, aruo daaentebk, o`ketdj ujn`rdtebks,

dkdj s`x br prblesnuety, cut tmdt et mds tb ab wetm sne`ktests

`xp`rel`kteko bk cjdnfs dka odys9 ek smbrt, DEA^ es o`kbnea`. Lbst

Dhrendk-Dl`rendks mdv` m`dra tm` stbry tmdt MEX es d ldkuhdnturà

verus o`k`tendjjy-`koek``rà tb fejj bhh tm` cjdnf rdn`. Qmerty p`rn`kt

bh K`w Ubrf Nety cjdnfs pbjjà cy Qm` K`w Ubrf Qel`s(Bntbc`r 35,4557) dntudjjy c`je`v` DEA^ es dk `tmkb-sp`nehen cebw`dpbk a`seokà

ek d jdcbrdtbry tb ekh`nt cjdnf p`bpj`.

A`spet` tm` o`k`rdj dnn`ptdkn` tmdt MEX ndl` hrbl lbkf`ys dka

tm` rdek hbr`st, tm`r` es kb sne`ktehen `vea`kn` tb prbv` tmdt MEX dka

DEA^ breoekdtà ek Dhrend. _mdt es tru` es tmdt tm` herst DEA^ nds`s

w`r` uknbv`rà ek tm` P.^. ek 45?5, drbuka tm` sdl` tel` tmdt DEA^

nds`s w`r` aesnbv`rà ek Dhrend. Ek daaetebk, kb stbrà Dhrendk tessu`

hrbl tm` 45?7s t`sts pbsetev` hbr MEX Vtmes es nbrr`ntà ek Ndktw`jjs

4555 drtenj`\. Dka sne`ktests mdv` d mdra tel` `xpjdekeko mbw d cjdnfm`t`rbs`xudj `pea`len n`kt`rà ek Dhrend nbuja mdv` quenfjy

trdkshbrlà ets`jh ektb d wmet` mblbs`xudj `pea`len ek Ldkmdttdk.

(p.30)

Ndktw`jj ab`s kbt l`ktebk s`v`rdj sne`ktehen dka mestbrendj hdnts dka

tr`kas wmenm leomt smà lbr` jeomt bk tm` suci`nt bh lbtevdtebk hbr d

o`kbneadj us` bh tm` MEX verus ds d cebjboendj w`dpbk. Qm`s` eknjua`

nbkn`rk dcbut Ojbcdj Bv`rpbpujdtebk cjdlà bk Qmera _brja

Bv`rpbpujdtebk dlbko Herst _brja sne`ktests, pbjetenedks dkaekt`rkdtebkdj m`djtm `xp`rts (eknjuaeko tm` _MB), pr`-`xesteko wmet`

supr`ldnest ròel`s, ùo`ken tm`bre`s dka prbordls, aruo prblbtebk

ekt`r`sts dka tm` nbrpbrdt` prblbtebk bh k`àj`s dka nbkabls, ds w`jj ds

tm` hekdknedj ekt`r`sts bh tm` eksurdkn` ekaustry, lekeko ekaustry dka

nm`lendj ekaustry, tm` làendj tr`dtl`kt ekaustry dka tm` ekt`rkdtebkdj


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dea ekaustry. ^p`nehendjjy, et es aehhenujt tb eokbr` tm` hdnt tmdt tm`

pbpujdtebks wbrst a`neldtà cy DEA^9 mblbs`xudjs, ektrdv`kbus aruo-

eki`nt`rs dka cjdnfs mdv` c``k tm` tdro`ts bh o`kbneadj ùo`ken prbordls

ek tm` pdst, tm` lbst kbtbrebus bh wmenm w`r` tm` Kdze ùtmdkdsed

prbordls. D aer`nt nbkk`ntebk c`tw``k tm`s` Kdze prbordls dka tmà`v`jbpl`kt bh Dustrdjed-cdsà làendj ldss lura`r strdtòe`s

(cebwdrhdr` prbordls) c`nbl`s lbr` jef`jy wetm tm` r`n`kt r`v`jdtebks

tmdt ldky Kdze sne`ktests w`r` oev`k dsyjul ek Dustrdjed dht`r tm` ^`nbka

_brja _dr. Kdze sne`ktests dka s`kebr lejetdry `spebkdo` bhhen`rs w`r` djsb

`lpjbyà cy tm` Dl`rendk lejetdry dht`r tm` wdr, dka w`r` ekvbjvà ek tm`

a`v`jbpl`kt bh tm` NED dka Nbja _dr dodekst nbllukesl, dnnbraeko tb

r`n`kt xpbs`s (Xdkfek dka _mdj`k, 455?).

Qm` pbssecejety tmdt tm` elpbrtdtebk Kdze sne`ktests dav`rs`jy ekhju`knàtm` a`v`jbpl`kt bh sne`kn` ek Dustrdjed es aesnbuktà cy Ouy Kbjnm, ek tm`

^`pt`lc`r 4555 àetbredj bh Dustrdjedk ^ne`kn`, ek wmenm m` a`pjbr`s tm`

kdleko bh s`v`rdj Kdze sne`ktests cy tm` L`jcburk`Do`k`wspdp`r9

Jdst lbktm tm` pucjen eldo` bh sne`kn` wds turkà cdnf lbr`

tmdk 07 y`drs wm`k Qm` Do` r`pbrtà tmdt Dustrdjed mda sluoojà

43? hbrl`r O`rldk sne`ktests ektb Dustrdjed sbbk dht`r _brja _dr EE.

Qm` rdtebkdj` hbr tmes wds tb cbjst`r Dustrdjeds hjàojeko sne`ktehen

`hhbrt. Bur djje`s djsb wesmà tb f``p lejetdry fkbwjào` but bh ^bve`t

mdkas.Qm` Do` kdlà 14 bh tm` sne`ktests wmb mda c``k l`lc`rs bh

tm` Kdze Wdrty, dka usà tmes hdnt tb ster up d hr`kzy. _m`tm`r tm`y

w`r` dra`kt Kdzes br mda ibekà tm` pdrty uka`r aur`ss wds uknj`dr,

dka err`j`vdkt ds hdr ds Qm` Do` wds nbkn`rkà. Qm`s` w`r` wdr

nrelekdjs!

_mdt wds kbt r`v`djà cy Qm` Do` br Dustrdjdsedk ^ne`kn` es wmdt

làendj dka m`djtm sne`kn` ekaustre`s hbrl`r Kdzes dka Kdze-sylpdtmes`rs

w`r` `lpjbyà ek, dka ek wmdt obv`rkl`kt dka pucjen s`rven` pbsetebkstm`y w`r` oev`k wbrf wm`k tm`y ndl` tb Dustrdjed. Qmes es elpbrtdkt

fkbwjào` hbr tm` Dustrdjedk p`bpj`, dka wbuja m`jp njdrehy tm` ^tdt` dka

Nbllbkw`djtm Obv`rkl`kts dttetua` tb Kdze pmejbsbpmy, wmenm ldy w`jj

mdv` c``k bk` bh sylpdtmy. Et ldy djsb m`jp Dustrdjedks odek d lbr`

nblpj`t` pentur` bh Dustrdjedk dka Dustrdjed-cdsà cebwdrhdr` prbordls bh


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tm` 37tm

n`ktury. Et es nj`drjy k`n`ssdry tb ea`ktehy dcus`s bh sne`kn` ek tm`

pdst tb stbp hurtm`r us` bh sne`ktehen fkbwjào`, eknjuaeko cebjboendj

fkbwjào` tb nr`dt` aes`ds`, hdlek` dka p`stej`kn` ek tm` hutur`.

Ek tm` sdl` àetebk bh Dustr

Eugenics and Genocide in and from Australia (1999) by Dr Romesh Arya Chakravarti

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Transcript of Eugenics and Genocide in and from Australia (1999) by Dr Romesh Arya Chakravarti