EU Environmental Regulations: Benefits and Challenges to the Thai Electrical & Electronic Industry...

EU Environmental Regulations: EU Environmental Regulations: Benefits and Challenges to the Thai Electrical Benefits and Challenges to the Thai Electrical

& Electronic Industry& Electronic Industry

Dr. Chirapat PopuangDr. Chirapat Popuang

Director of Information and Technical Service DepartmentDirector of Information and Technical Service DepartmentElectrical and Electronics Institute, ThailandElectrical and Electronics Institute, Thailand

3

Thai Electrical & Electronic Industry Benefits & Challenges Conclusions & Pending Issues

4

Local 49%Foreign / Joint venture 51%

Local 54%Foreign / Joint venture 46%

No.of Factories, 2006S = 1,619M = 389L = 287

Total = 2,295

Thai Electrical & Electronic Industry

Export Value: 2001-2007

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

50,000

Mill

ion U

S$

Electrical

Electronics

E&E

Electrical 8,503 9,682 10,750 13,428 13,467 14,751 11973 16,226

Electronics 14,498 14,863 17,032 18,974 21,553 26,264 21164 29,153

E&E 23,002 24,546 27,783 32,403 35,020 41,016 33,137 45,379

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007/09 2007F

5

Source: EEI and the Customs Department

11+%17%

8+%


Import Value: 2001-2007

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

Mill

ion U

S$

ElectricalElectronicsE&E

Electrical 4,723.53 6,524.44 7,383.59 8,114.38 10,141.95 11,289.20 9,213.51 12,177.88

Electronics 8,013.82 13,179.87 14,085.49 16,492.49 18,468.64 20,332.13 16,150.93 21,053.29

E&E 12,737.34 19,704.31 21,469.08 24,606.87 28,610.59 31,621.33 25,364.44 33,226.97

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007/09 2007F

6

Source: EEI and the Customs Department

+5.11%10%

12%


Electrical Export Value to EU

0

1000

2000

3000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Millio

n US

$

SME L N/A

7


Electronics Export Value to EU

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Millio

n US

$

SME L N/A

8


9

E lectronics Export by key Product

IC31%

Diode Semicon

4%

PCB4%

Misc.6%

Computer

Part &

Component

51%

Radio & Etc 4%

Electrical Export by key Product

Small Motors4%

COMPR4%

Cable & Wire4%

TV Component

4%

Color TV5%

Refrig.5%

TV/VDO5%

C/B9%

A/C21%

Misc.36%

Wash machin

3%

Export Products


10

E lectronics Import by key Product

IC31%

Diode Semicon

4%

PCB4%

Misc.6%

Computer

Part &

Componen

t

51%

Radio & Etc 4%

Electrical Import by key Product

Small Motors4%

COMPR4%

Cable & Wire4%

TV Component

4%Color TV

5%

Refrig.5%

TV/VDO5%

C/B9%

A/C21%

Misc.36%

Wash machin3%

Import Products


Trade Volume

11


TV

0

2,000,000

4,000,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

10,000,000

12,000,000

14,000,000

16,000,000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Year

Set

Production

New Import

New Export

Domestic Shipment

Used Import

Used Export

Estimated Generation of Waste TVs in the Future

395 446 502563

628699

775856

9401,026

1,1131,200

1,2841,364

1,437

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Year

Uni

t (1,

000)

12


Trade Volume

13


RF

0

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Year

Set

Production

Import

Export

Domestic Shipment

Used Import

Used Export

Estimated Generation of Waste RFs in the Future

138 159 183 208 236 266 298 333 370410

453498

547600

656

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Year

Uni

t (1,

000)

14


Trade Volume

15


AC

0

2,000,000

4,000,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

10,000,000

12,000,000

14,000,000

16,000,000

18,000,000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Year

se

t

Production

Import

Export

Domestic Shipment

Used Import

Used Export

Estimated Generation of Waste ACs in the Future

56 64 72 81 90 101 113 128 145 165190

219255

298

350

050

100150200250300350400

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Year

Un

it (

1,00

0)

16


Trade Volume

17


WM

-

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Year

set

Production

Import

Export

Domestic Shipment

Used Import

Used Export

Estimated Generation of Waste WMs in the Future

199 226 256 288323

362404

450501

557618

685758

838926

0

100

200300

400500600

700800

9001,000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Year

Uni

t (1,

000)

18


Trade Volume

19


PC

-

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Year

set

Production

New Import

New Export

Domestic Shipment

Used Import

Used Export

Estimated Generation of Waste PCs in the Future

622 700 799 930 1,1091,351

1,6642,046

2,4832,950

3,4193,876

4,3224,777

5,260

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Year

Uni

t (1,

000)

20


Trade Volume

21


MP

-

5,000,000

10,000,000

15,000,000

20,000,000

25,000,000

30,000,000

35,000,000

40,000,000

45,000,000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Year

set

Production

Import

Export

Domestic Shipment

Used Import

Used Export

Estimated Generation of Waste MPs in the Future

12,47414,55417,58121,782

27,03432,850

38,62944,010

49,05854,126

59,55765,514

72,06579,272

87,199

010,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,00080,00090,000

100,000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020Year

Uni

t (1

,000

)

22


• Cost and Availability of Recycle Plant in EU

• Appropriate Local WEEE Regulation & Management System, Product Stds. to leverage NTBs while build up local capacity

• Cost and availability of HS-Free parts/material and mfg. process

• Reporting system for self-declaration and cost of product liability

• Stds., test method, test cost, and Certification of Conformity / Compliance for market access 23

WEEWEEEE

RoHSRoHS

Benefits & Challenges

• Eco Design Capability & Experience

• Development of Quality Management System, Energy Saving Stds., Environmental Product Labeling

• Availability of LCI Database• Competency in LCA

• Registration & Evaluation Cost Burden

• Availability & Cost of “AUTHORIZED” Chemicals

• Cost & Burden in Conformity / Compliance Assessment

24

EuPEuPREACREACHH

“Local SMEs not in “Branded” supply chain will be suffered”


25

Raw MatProcessTransportationRetailer/

Wholesaler Use

Repair

RecyclingLCI

Life Cycle AssessmentEco-design

Clean Productivity

Refurbishment

Green

Product

Thai WEEE? Thai WEEE?

ThaiRoHSGreen ProcurementGreen Purchasing

LCI

Education Public(Eco-Products

International Fair )


Glass57%Plastic

23%

Fe10%

Cu3%

Al2%

Others5%

Plastic40%

Fe50%

Cu4%

Al3%

Others3% Glass

0%

Glass Plastic Fe Cu Al Others

Glass0%

Plastic11%

Fe55%

Cu17%

Al7%

Others10%

Plastic36%

Fe53%

Cu4%

Al3%

Others4% Glass

0%

26

TVRefrigerator

Air Con Washing Machine

Recycled Material ProportionRecycled Material Proportion

Source: Matsushita Eco Technology Center


Estimated Precious Metals Market (2003)Silver 5,870 tons (332 Euro/kg, Sep. 07)Gold 160 tons (17,620 Euro/kg, Sep. 07)Platinum11 tons (31,800 Euro/kg, Sep. 07)Palladium 22 tons (8,300 Euro/kg, Sep. 07)Rhodium5.5 tons (156,500 Euro/kg, Sep. 07)

(Estimated from figures of precious metal producer)

27


28

WEEE Recyclable Non-recyclable(Tons) (tons)* (tons)**

TVs 8,201 2,542 5,659Refrigertors 17,763 16,342 1,421Washing machines 11,370 8,073 3,297Air Conditions 17,407 17,407 -Computers 2,105 2,105 -

total 57,934 (100%) 47,577 (82.1%) 10,377 (17.9%)

ประเภท

• High potential to be recycledHigh potential to be recycled

Source:Source: PCD, 2004 PCD, 2004


29

Foreign

Domestic

Import used/ low quality parts/

componentImported part/

component

Imported product

Returnoff-spec

E-wasteUsed product

Component

Mfg.

E-waste

Fluid waste

ScrapOff-spec

Product

Export

Domestic user

Scrap Scrap

Semi precious

metal

Repair shop

Recondition/ Refurbish

Recycleplant

Precious metal

Sell to local/Export mkt

WasteWaste

treatment /Landfill /Cement

plant


30

(2)EEE import

EEE retailer/dealer

(5)

Consumer

(6)

Collection(7)

EEE repair shop (10)

Separation(Tri-cycler/

Used materials trader)

(11)

Project 3R

(8)

Permitted treatment

plant

(15)

Under supervision of MOI

WEEE import

(4) Parts retailer

(9)

Offspec. parts/ products

EEE production(1)

Under market mechanismUnder market mechanismUnder Local Administration

Organization

Valuable materials/ metals

Residues from 3R processNon-valuable materials/ metals

repair repair

dispose

Reusable parts

Residues

Under supervision of MOI

reusable

Non-reusable

Sell

Inappropriate treatment of

WEEE

(12)

Need improvement

LawStrategy

Sell

Pilot project

Import of used EEE

(3)

Offspec. parts/ products

EEE

(16)/ WEEE export


Related Envi. Issues/Directive

“Key” Capacity Building

Experiences

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

National Subcommittee for impact follow up and policy determination to EU Directives on WEEE and RoHS

Pilot project : LCA study (electricity grid mix) by Thai Env Inst

Establishment of Office of Import Policy Admin Committee : Import stewardship on used & waste EEE

RoHS : impact survey by Nat Metal & Mat Tech Center

Feasibility study project on EE recycling plant by Dep of Indus Works

National Subcommittee for EU–IPP

EEI study project (Dep of Foreign Trade)

- Study & research: legislative study, economic impact, LCA, eco-design, WEEE, RoHS, impacts and measures (ASEAN and EU), existing and suggested local e-waste mgmt.

31

WE

EE Ro

HS

Eu

PE

coD

esig

n

RE

AC

H




Experiences

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

PM’s special meeting on inter-ministerial env. legislative update

DIW notificatn on import used EEE

Study trip : recycling plants, e-waste mgmt, research lab, RoHS reporting s/w (Japan, Korea and EU)

E-waste mgmt.: TV, RF, WM, AC, PC, CRT wastes collection survey (PCD/ METI)

National case study on environmental requirements, market access, and competitiveness in the electronics sector (UNCTAD/EEI)

Guideline on develop’t of envi. mgmt. via business partners and appropriate GSC process in Thai context (TEI)

Framework & RM Development to Support GP & Service (MTEC/TRF)

EEE pilot project (mobile phone, battery, F/L)

(PCD)

32

WE

EE Ro

HS

Eu

PE

coD

esig

n

RE

AC

H




Experiences

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

Recycling plant feasibility study F/L (PCD)

Survey of the import and the environmentally sound management of the electronic wastes in Thailand (BCRC/PCD/EEI)

Thailand sustainable production & consumption (Thai Res Fund/ TEI)

Training : LCA and eco-design by

(GAP/METI/MTEC)

Green Procurement Management Model Demonstration Project (EEI/METI-JETRO/Toshiba)

Thai-RoHS voluntary networking initiative (MTEC/EEI)

Pilot project on EE recycling system (Fed of Thai Ind / EEI / Thai Inst of Sci & Tec Res / MTEC)

Min of Ind established Committee (24 inter-ministerial members) to follow-up & handle EU environmental directives, will propose action plans for further Cabinet approval.

33

WE

EE Ro

HS

Eu

PE

coD

esig

n

RE

AC

H




Experiences

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

Development of Government green procurement mechanism

(TEI, TRF, Min of Fin)

EEE Green Camp Project (Nat Econ & Soc Dev Board/EEI/MTEC)

International meeting on IEC TC111/WG2 (FTI/EEI), Bangkok

Impact Assessment of REACH on the supply chain of export industry in Thailand (TRF/TEI)

Development of Policy Framework in Response to REACH Enforcement: Preparedness of Laboratory Services for Thai Industries (TRF/Dep Sci Serv)

International Conference on Green & Sustainable Innovation 2006 – 2007 (Chiengmai Uni/EEI/MTEC)

Established REACH Committee (Off of Ind Econ/TRF)

34

WE

EE Ro

HS

Eu

PE

coD

esig

n

RE

AC

H




Experiences

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

SPF: Cap. building on LCA/eco-design for EEI

SPF: Cap. building on testing & compliance assessment related to WEEE & RoHS for EEI

Promotion of advanced waste management based on 3R concept in the three countries (UNEP/ PCD/TEI)

Development of “Thai WEEE”

SPF: Practical Guideline to become RoHS/ELV compliance producers & preparation for EuP directive (MTEC/EEI/Inst SME Devel/FTI/King Mong Inst of Tech at Nor Bk)

SPF: Capacity build up for the determination of levels of regulated substances in electrical, electronic and automotive parts (MTEC)

SPF: REACH Capacity building (TRF) 35

WE

EE Ro

HS

Eu

PE

coD

esig

n

RE

AC

H


Complete

Incomplete No



Experiences

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

International Conference “THAILAND ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS GREEN SOCIETY (EEI/FTI/Dep of Exp Pro)

Thai WEEE manual (MTEC/PCD)

OIE & Poll Con Dep: National Strategy on “Thai” WEEE

APE: Asia Eco-Design Electronics (AEDE) Centre for Sus Design/ Linkoping/ The Ener & Rerources Inst/ Electronic Industries Aassoc of India/ Renmin Univ of China/ EEI/ Gandhi Foundation

JAPAN-MOE: National E-waste inventory development (PCD/EEI)

APE II “Sustainable Production and Consumption as the Long-term Solution to Reduce Urban Environmental Degradation Developing a Reference Framework for Electrical and Electronic Products” (TEI, SIRIM, IZM Fraunhofer, CITQ)

36

WE

EE Ro

HS

Eu

PE

coD

esig

n

RE

AC

H


Complete

Incomplete No



Experiences

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

Training in Recycling Technology of E&E Products (AOTS/EEI)

KOSAKA-DOWA-BCRCSEA: Pilot Project on Tran boundary movement of eol mobile phone in east Asian countries TH/SIN/MA (PCD)

Thai – RoHS std development by Thai Indus Stand Inst

Potential enhancement of used electronics under plc tracking system of WEEE (DIW/Kasetsart Univ)

Eco-Town (Dep of Pri Indus & Mines)

Potential enhancement of SMEs for IMS (TEI/Off of SME Pro)

Integrated project for national information center under sustainable national resources & env strategy (Mahidol Univ/ Nat Stat Off)

Survey of quantities & types of EEE (PCD/TESCO)

37

WE

EE Ro

HS

Eu

PE

coD

esig

n

RE

AC

H


Complete

Incomplete No

• WEEE• Early setup of National Sub. comm• Thai WEEE development• Pilot collection projects• Development of informal/private collectors / recycling

plants• Ongoing WEEE inventory survey• DIW/MOI’s Notification to regulate 2nd hand

EEE/WEEE cross boundary movement

38

Conclusions & Pending Issues

+ ?

• RoHS• Awareness raising, C/B activities, voluntary

Thai-RoHS N/W• Thai-RoHS development• Government & EU supports on C/Bs

• EuP• Proactive C/Bs activities with government

and EU supports

• Overall• Setting up new committee in MOI to support

further needs in capacity bldg. across ministries.

• Effective date of implementation

• Appropriate WEEE system management (collection, separation, recycling tech., refurbishment, etc.) & sustainable operations

• 3-R movement VS.BC-Cross Boundary movement issue

• Harmonization of other ”RoHS”• Effective date of implementation

&enforcement

• Availability of LCI data base & LCA competency to support Eco Design

• MRA on Energy Saving Std. and Green Labeling, & etc.

• Need of influential focal pt./powerful catalysts to follow up/coordinate for concerted effort and strategically focus

• WEEE

Capacity building

39

+ ?

RoHS Capacity building

EuP Capacity building

REACH Capacity building Infrastructure

Precious metal recycling Infrastructure: HW/SW/Law International cooperation

Green procurement/ JGPSSI Infrastructure: Regulations

Technical requirements

Knowledge-base Need of lab International cooperation


Benefits

40


• Capacity Building: Expert Training/ Trainer Training/ Worker Training/ Factory Consulting/ Implementation in Factories

• Investment • Technology Transfer• Production Improvement: HS free/ CP• R & D/ Educational Institutions-Factories: Development of

green products/ LCA-ED have been included in university curricula

• Information Dissemination: Eco-products international fair• Environmental Preservation

Challenges

41


• Capacity Building: Thai WEEE (System)/ Thai RoHS/ Thai GPN/ Government GP/ Thai GDN

• Technology Transfer• Improvement of Infrastructure: National

foreground-background DB & WEEE inventory creation/ Legal improvement

42

Thank you for your kind attention

[email protected]

EU Environmental Regulations: Benefits and Challenges to the Thai Electrical & Electronic Industry...

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