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8/22/2019 EU Administrative Conditionality and Domestic Downloading. The Limits of Europeanization in Challenging Contexts
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EU A C D DTh L f Ez Ch Cx
A Eb
Nr. 2 | July 2009
Working Paper
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2 | KFG Working Paper Nr. 2 | July 2009
KFG Working Paper Series
Edited by the Kolleg-Forschergruppe „T T P E“
Th KFG W P S h h f h Kolleg-Forschergruppe b h
b b b. I h xh h b x b
h x E h E U.
A KFG W P b h KFG b .f. b
f-@f-b..
Ch f h : A Eb
E : F Ahä/M Bb
Eb, A 2009: EU A C D D: Th L f Ez
Ch Cx, KFG W P S, N. 2, J 2009, K-Fh (KFG) „Th Tf P-
f E“, F U B.
ISSN 1868-6834 (P)
ISSN 1868-7601 (I)
Th b h b f b h G Rh F (DFG).
F Uä B
K-Fh
„Th Tf P f E:
Th E U h D f I“
Ih. 26
14195 B
G
Ph: +49 (0)30- 838 57033
Fx: +49 (0)30- 838 57096
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EU Adminstrative Conditionality And Domestic Downloading | 3
EU Administrative Conditionality and Domestic
Downloading:
The Limits of Europeanization in Challenging Contexts
Arolda Elbasani
F Uä B
Ab
H h x h E f h - h
h E? Whh h f h
E U (EU) h x? Rh - f, b , h
EU f f f h . H, h
h EU b f h f h E, h b
‘b’ h h / h q f, h
h EU . Th h f
h f b f - Ab.
D f h Ez , h b- h h,
b h f h f E
f h . E f h h h h EU
fh h – h h f h f f
h b h EU b x , b
f h h f h h
f b hh h - . Th EU’ b hh
f h b f h f
h h EU , h f f -
z .
T A
A Eb - f h Rh C “Th Tf-
P f E”. Sh h PhD h E U I-
, F 2007. H b h h f h-
f h, EU , ,
Sh E h f b
. H h f h b
EU b f h - .
8/22/2019 EU Administrative Conditionality and Domestic Downloading. The Limits of Europeanization in Challenging Contexts
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4 | KFG Working Paper Nr. 2 | July 2009
C
1. I 5
2. Ez I Rf h
P-C C 6
2.1 EU and Eecve Rule Transfer in the East 7
2.2 Boom-Up Research Design:
Striking a Balance between Sources of Change 8
3. Pb A Rf P-C Ab 9
3.1 Late and Paral Eorts to Cope with the Communist Legacy,
1992 - 1997 10
3.2 The Foreign Drive to Restructure the State Administraon,
1997 - 2000 11
3.3 The Mixed Record of Implementaon,
2000 - 2005 13
4. Th R f h EU‘ A C 14
4.1 What Does the EU Ask Regarding State Administraon Reforms? 14
4.2 The Use of Enlargement Instruments in Funcon of
Administrave Reform 15
4.3 Domesc Compliance: Paying Lip Service to the
Administrave Criterion 17
5. C 18
L 20
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EU Adminstrative Conditionality And Domestic Downloading | 5
1. I
EU h b f h h - . Th
h f EU h , f h f f h Ch
, h b h EU h h. A
z, “h EU h h f , b
h h h z h f” (Shf/S 2008: 99).
A h f EU f ,
h h h f h f h b f f h EU
. Wh h , h, ‘b’
h h h / h q f. Th b
h EU h h W B, f h
. A h , h b h h h h
f h f h f f E x.
Th h f h EU h , f h f
b f Ab. Rf f h
b h W h h Wb- b –
h h z , b, f
b hz (Gz 2001: 1033). P- h
h h f h h f h f
b. H, f h - h h
b f f f h , h
j h , h
f b f. Th x f h h B ,
Ab, h f f f
b h E. H h x EU h f
f h h ? M , hh f f h
f E h ?
Th h h h h f h Ez , hh, b
f EU , x -à- f h f
h. Th , , h f h f , h z h h . Th h
f h h Ez . Th f h
f h f b f - Ab
h f h EU h bh f f. Th h
h h f f h f f 1992 1996; h f h
h f h h f h Ab 1997.
Th h h f h EU - h f f, h x
f h - h W B 2000.
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6 | KFG Working Paper Nr. 2 | July 2009
Th h h f h h f
h j f f -z b, bh
b h h - f - (Vhj 1998: 410). H,
h EU , h f f , b b
h h EU h f
b f h . O, h h h f EU
f f h EU z EU
h h f h h
.
2. E I R P-C C
S h -1990, EU h h
C E E (CEE). M h h -
z h b f h f
(P-Eh 2007: 142). P h f EU , h Ez
h h h x h q,
f h h E (Shf/S 2008).
I , h Ez - h h h
z h f EU b . Th f h
E b h f h E- f
h h (Gz/V 2008: 4). I , h h
b f ‘’ b bb f bh z, h h -
f f f , , ; x f
f f E (R/Pq 2008: 17).
E, Ez h CEEC x h f h f
f h hh EU h . O h h,
h EU h h f Ez,
hz b h f (Shf/S 2008: 88).
I , h EU f f h h f h f
, b - , bh, , h f
h (Gbb 2001). O h h
h, f h Ez h
f f, h h h f . A Ez
h CEEC h, h, bh h f EU h
x h .
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EU Adminstrative Conditionality And Domestic Downloading | 7
2.1 EU and Eecve Rule-Transfer in the East
A h h f EU h f ,
h h h f h f h b f f h EU
h f h h b b h EU.
Rh f, h, h h f, f
.
A f h EU h, h
f f h . I, h EU h
f h , bh b h E Ch
C 1993. Gbb h h “ h x f
f E, h EU bh h h
f” (2006: 250). Th h h b
f b h h
j E (D 2002: 175). Fh, EU f
f reinforcement by reward : h EU h f hh f
- - , f h
f bh - hh h EU f , b hh
f -. C , h, ’
b f h h f f h q bh
h f EU . Th h f h x f h
h hz h b EU -
hb EU bh b b f h CEEC, b h f h EU. Th
b h h hh f h bh h
b h EU h f h
(Shf/S 2008: 98).
H, h E h h h h
h f Ez f h. A Böz R
: “D E h h .
Ez h h f ” (2009:
1) M, b f h E b, h f
h f (Jb 2004). C, f
, h b h h EU ,
h . Thf, b EU
f f h EU h .
P h f EU h E, Ez
h h q f h f h.
C h hh EU j
h f h EU -à- h f h, h h Gz f “
h f ” (Gz 2000; R/Pq 2008; Böz 2002: 193). S,
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8 | KFG Working Paper Nr. 2 | July 2009
E-z h h EU b f
f, hh f h f b x x,
hh f h, b h b “” h
h b (B 2005: 297). F, Ez h h
f h f f EU h h h
x f h (B 2005: 300). Sh x
h f h h
, hh h EU h . I , f -h
h f f h h , b
f h h f (O 2003: 521)
x f (Gbb 2006: 63) hh b h f h
h - . O, h EU h h
f f b h h h h h .
2.2 Boom-Up Research Design: Striking a Balance Between Sources of Change
Th b- h Ez b h
f f h f EU -à- f f h
(R 2003: 50-52). D f Ez h, b- h
f h f h b q h f, h
h h EU h f h f h f . EU
, h, f h f h h -f
f f h. I h , h b- h h “ f hh
- ” (R/Pq 2006: 40). Th
hh h f h f EU h
x , h hh Ez -
h.
Fh, h h b f h f ,
q f - h f - f h
EU . Th f h -
f h h - f f. I h
h - h h h - - f
h. P- h f , h, b h
f f EU f “” “h
Ez” (Gz 2000: 1032).
F, h h b - h hh hh x
, h f h (S 2008: 197). S f
b h b h f
‘ ’ h h h f , h f P (1988). Th h- f h h
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EU Adminstrative Conditionality And Domestic Downloading | 9
, h , h b f h
f x f h - x. Gbb, f x, :
“The issue is more what happens aer policies were transferred from one body to the other. Large-
scale transfer of EU rules into naonal law in CEE certainly occurred, but what happened when
the policies were implemented? […] the model has to be expanded in the implementaon phase,
moving beyond its current focus on the emergence of transfer networks to encompass the phase
between process and outcome.” (2006: 63)
B h f h , h b- h
b “x ” h EU
’ f f f. I, b h
h x f h f f bh h-
, hh h EU b j h f h
f . A h h h h x h b
b h f , f bh
, hh h “h” f EU f h .
3. Pb A R P-C Ab
P h f h - , h - Ab, f
f h f h h b. G h
f , b f h h
h f h f h
, f f b (Vhj 2002: 480;
Gz 2001: 1034). Th f f f z
h f W E h Wb b.
Th f h Wb - f b h
f - b h b f ‘ ’ z
f f h , h b
b, f ,
(Gz/W 2001: 865)
Th h f f b h h f Ab h h
fh h h bh C P’ bh f
h f f b h f 1992.
I, h h b bz h
f f h bj b bh
. Th 1976 , hh q hx
h , fz h f h “h f f
h ” h Ab “ f h h f (P 1999:
214-229).
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10 | KFG Working Paper Nr. 2 | July 2009
D h f hf f , f 1945 1990, h f h
x f b f h h q, hh
f bj f h h . Wh h -
f, h b f h bh D P (DP) 1992, h h
b f b h h - f h -
z, h f f h - .
3.1 Late and Paral Eorts to Cope with the Communist Legacy, 1992-1997
Th f Wb f f b b
h f h f h, h f h
DP’ . Y, , h h h h f f h b
h f h h h (Bbj
2000). G h ’ f , h h
b - b h h b, hh h h x x,
b f; h x f h f h
- , hh h h bf. Wh h f
b f , h h f f
x x. Th h h h h h
h f h b f . Th f h h b f (V/Pf 2000). O,
hh h - bh h h h h, f h ‘x’ f
h h h x h , h -
b q h h h h h
f .
Th h f h - h h b f b
h f f b f h f h . E h
f h f h j, f b f
f , f h Ab
h , , h -1990, h h h h C S L. U
, h f b b h f h
Lb C. A 24/1 f h b f h ,
h , h h h
“ f h ” (Sh 2004). S h h h
b f , h b- f
h f h . I f, h h f ,
f h , . Ah f h b h h
h f , x b . Bh
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EU Adminstrative Conditionality And Domestic Downloading | 11
h , h b h f h
(W B 1998: 96). E h C S L b h f 1995,
f , hh h b- ,
h f h b.
D h f f 1992 1996, f h h
bj h j, z h
f b . Thh h , h
h h , hh h - f h
. Th x z b
h h h f h ’ . N ,
h - x h h h f
h h bh
, hh b h fb h f h - (Bbj 2000).B 1997, h b h f h h h f
h, hh h f h hf f h Ab f b
b hh , h h b 1996 1997. Th -
h f h h h h f h q
h f h h h f - x
b h (W B 2000: 47).
3.2 The Foreign Drive to Restructure the State Administraon, 1997-2000
Th -1997 h h -
h b h h f hh h
h f. F h -
Ab f h b h - f
f f . H, h f h 1997 h f
h f E x h h f h
. A f h Ab , “[ h ] […] b h b
h h , f f h
” (R 2003: 153). Wh h Ab b
f f , h b h h x
h h h f h f
f E (D R 2000: 138; Vh-Whh 1999: 8).
A J 1997, h S f R Gh j b h W B, h EU,
h E B f R D (EBRD) , , h I M
F (IMF), b h f f f
(W B 1997: 3). Th W B h h f
“ b f h f […]h h f h f Ab” (W B 2000). Cq,
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12 | KFG Working Paper Nr. 2 | July 2009
h f f f h h
. Th Strategy for State Instuon and Public Administraon Reform (SIPAR),
b h h f 1997, f b f h EU,
h Oz f S C E (OSCE), h EBRD, h W B, h U
N D P (UNDP), h C f E (CE), h U N A f
I D (USAID), f b .
D’ f b h h f h b z h
. V ’ h f
h . I SIPAR, h h
h h h f, f b, h f
bj (W B 2000: 13). O, h f j : 1) h
f ; 2) x f h b
. Th f .
Th 1998, hh f f h f h Strategy
for Recovery and Growth b h , h h
f h hh b f h . A 107 f h q
b h ; b hh x; b
, h h f h f , -b
f h h f f . Th
z h bb f
, b h h b f h h
h b .
O , 1999, h bh h , hh h
h h f f f. Th W
B f h f j j “ q
f h , ,
h G’ b f ” (W B 2007: 2).
Th h f h f
f h h . A C S L h b
f , h W B h Support for Improvement in
Governance and Mangagement (SIGMA), Nb 1999. Th h
f f, , , , ,
h b, , b h f b
(A 3). M b- h C S C
h hf f 2000.
H, h f h h h f b f
, hh f h h f
h h b f (Vh-Whh 1999:
21). I h x f -h , f h
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EU Adminstrative Conditionality And Domestic Downloading | 13
h h , hh
h h h f b hh h x.
3.3 The Mixed Record of Implementaon, 2000-2005
Th f h h f h f
’ h f. Th f b h b f
h b f h b f
b f h . A h W B ,
“With this law, the framework for compeve, transparent recruitment and selecons procedures
were put in place. […] This is at stark dierence from the previous system which was subject to
arbitrary and non-transparent human resource management pracce.” (2007: 27)
H, f, h b f
f b h . F, h f b 1999 2000,
bb h f h f h f h S
P (SP) 1997. D h 15,000 15 f b
f f h SP
(F H 1998: 51). B 1998, h h f h f h
h h h x hh h
(UNDP 2003). O h h h h 1999,
b b f h h h
f.
S, h h h q fq h f x b h f
SP , f 1997 2005, h fh h f q
f . SIGMA, f x, h f h b
b f h (SIGMA 2004: 32). I 2003 h IMF b h
f q . Wh h
h f h b j f h, h q
f h h f b h h S j h
’ b f h hh f h h
h bh ’ h .
Wh h f b bh – b h
h b b - h h
h f f b bb f b h f
h C S L, hh f x 2
f b (Sh 2004). Th x f f b
h f f. Thf,
h b f h f f h f
h b b h .
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14 | KFG Working Paper Nr. 2 | July 2009
4. T R EU’ A C
U h f h f h W B 2000, h EU f
h h h f b h f h
1997. A , h EU f SIGMA f f
b f, b h h h h h W
B, UNDP, EBRD, USAID f b h -b
f h h . H, h EU h f
h h f h
h Ab h.
Th x f EU f h B h
f h EU b x f h h h qf
f f (P 2004; Eb 2008). Th b h b h
EU , b f bh , b
f h EU q. I , h EU f
f ’ f f. EU h hh x
f h, hh b f b , bh h
b. C h EU ’ h ? H h
f? A h x h
h h f?
4.1 What Does the EU Ask Regarding State Administraon Reforms?
Th EU f h b h
b (O 2003: 513 f). H, f f h E, h
U z h
f h b f h acquis communautaire h (Vhj
2002: 248). M, h U’ x h
h - h h ‘ ’ .
Th Ch C f h , b, h
U h h h f .
Th Wh P 1995 h “h h f h CEEC h
x f h x, b h h […] h
” (D 2002: 175; Wh P 1995). L , h A 2000,
h ’ bh b, h
h. Th C O h, “ j [ h Ch
C] h f ’ ”. Cq, h
h h b f
h.
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EU Adminstrative Conditionality And Domestic Downloading | 15
F, SIGMA’ Preparing Public Administraon for the European Public Space h
b b f h . O,
h EU q h h f
, h bh f , f (F 1998: 113; Vhj
2002: 250). Th EU q, h, b f h h f z f h
h - . A Gz “h E f bh
h f h f h z h h h
h bj h f b h h f b
h EU ” (2001: 1037).
Th f b f, b SIGMA, h C’
f h ’ . Y, h f h
b f b b (Kh 2005: 18-20). I , h
b SIGMA f b h h h
h q f. H h b -
b h hh hh h EU x h j b f h hh
f (D 2002: 181). Wh h W B
f , h EU h h
h f f h x f h .
4.2 The Use of Enlargement Instruments in Funcon of Administrave Reform
I h f Ab, h EU h f h f b f h
. A h f , h Stabilizaon and
Associaon Agreement (SAA), EU , h C
hz h f . Th High Level Steering Group, hh h f
f h f h h f h SAA, h,
“The Albanian administraon remains extremely weak. Recruitment on the basis of open
compeons has only just begun and it will take me to build a culture of public service, free from
polical and nancial inuence. In almost every area where Albania would take on obligaons
under a ‘Stabilizaon and Associaon Agreement’ there is a lack of implemenng capacity. The
legal situaon is broadly sasfactory […], but there is lile capacity to implement them. Unl this
situaon can be redressed, the new laws will exist only on paper.” (E C 2001)
S h 2001, h EU h f f
h f . Th ’ f
b h b f (E C 2002, 2003) h
h b h (E C 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007). I , h E
Ph (EP), hh f h , hh h bh h
, . Th EP (2008) h h
(2005, 2006) h h Ab h h :
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16 | KFG Working Paper Nr. 2 | July 2009
“Ensure enforcement of the Civil Service Law and take steps towards its improvement; Take measures
to prevent undue polical interference in the funconing of the public administraon; Produce clear
guidelines as regards recruitment, transfer and dismissal for all civil servants, and implement them.”
(European Council 2008).
Th, h EU h f , b
f f j b h h
h b h h f h EU h f f.
I b hh h f ,
h EU h f b f f h
f . I, h EU h h b
f f h h h h . Th
f h , b h h
f h EU h f h SAA h Ab, h q f h
European Agreements f h W B. Th High Level Steering Group h f
h h h 2001 f f SAA, hh
“ f b” (E
C 2001: 8). Th f h f h Ob 2002,
b h h h f b 2001 (Eb
2004). Th f SAA 2006, hh h h
b 2004, x f f, b
h h b.
Thh h , h h h f f b ,
h f f h SAA, h f
h h h f h EP b, h h EU f
h h h SAA 2006. O , hf, h h
h h EU h bh
b b h “h ” b b b h
h f f .
Th EU’ f h , h h h f f
f f h , b x b h f h EU f
f z h Ab, h f
b. I , h f f bh
h f EU. Y, h h U h f h h -
f h h f bh
h b, b h ’ f f f. Th
h f f f z h
hh f h h b h f (Eb 2009).
H h x EU , h, b h bh f f?
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EU Adminstrative Conditionality And Domestic Downloading | 17
4.3 Domesc Compliance: Paying Lip Service to the Administrave Criterion
Wh EU 2000, h h h
h , hh h f b
z, b q h b . A h, h b
f h f EU -à- f f b 1)
f 2) h f h .
Th f f h f z, b
h h h f b b- f. Th
2005 b f h EU h bh h DP j, hh
h b f h h hf x f h .
G h b h h SP j (1997-2005) h DP j
f (1992-96) h h h h h f h
, h 2005 b h hh h EU h h
b h “f ” f h h h .
Th EU’ b f h
f f h b . Th
DP , h f EU, h h b f h
f f b . H, b h h
f h . O , h DP h h b h
f C S L f x
h b . I, h
h h f f - h D f
Pb A - f h P M O h D f I, hh
h ’ h .
Fh, h h f h EU h h
f . Ahh h , -
b. Th bh h h
h h h f h f h , 4500 b hf f
h , 1300 f h f h , . Ahh h j
f , f h
f h . Th ’
1700 h f h fh 2009, h
h f , h
h f h . I h f
b h b f h x
. Fh, h h h f h h SP
h h h h
b .
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18 | KFG Working Paper Nr. 2 | July 2009
5. C
Th z h f EU f h ‘b’
f f, f f b - Ab. D
f Ez , hh b h EU h
f h, h b- h hh b h
x jx h f EU -à- f, h
f h z h f . Th
f h f h , b q, h h
h h EU h h f .
Th f f, h Wb f
, h h f f
. I h f f (1992-97), h f f
h , h h b f ’
h h f h f h
f . I h ,
f - z h , h h
h h .
Th f h C S L b-
h h f h , h EU, h
h Ab h 1997 . Rf h , h, h f ,
h h , bh hh b
. Y, f Ab h h h f h f
z h f z
b h j f h . Wh fq Ab, h
“” f , hh h h x h b f h h
f h f h . Th h
f , b h h , hh
b h x f hh z .
Th x f h EU f h B , Ab,
h f h EU b f h b h f
h, h j bj f f h
. I h b- h , h f h EU xz h
f f h h EU’ h b . E
f f f h f EU , h f
f h 2005 , h h EU’ b q, h h
h, h f h b h
Wb f f. H, h EU f
f z j 2005. A h f h
h j . Th h h
h h f f .
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EU Adminstrative Conditionality And Domestic Downloading | 19
O, h h f EU h x. O h
h, h EU’ b hh h h
b h f f h f h
f h h EU q h f,
b f f h hh f . Th
, h f h h f – hh
f h b f , b f
h h hh f h f
. Th -x f h b h h
f z b h h f EU h
f h h f f h.
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20 | KFG Working Paper Nr. 2 | July 2009
L
Biberaj, Elez 2000: Shq Tz [Ab T], T.
Börzel, Tanja A. 2002: P-S, F-D F-S: Mb S R E,: J f C M S 42: 2, 193-214.
Börzel, Tanja A./Risse, Thomas 2009: Th Tf P f E: Th E U h D f
I, : KFG W P S N. 1, A 2009, F U B.
Brusis, Marn 2005: Th I U f E U C: R Czh Rb
S, : E E P S 19: 2, 291-316.
Della Rocca, Roberto 2000: Shq h Rj Kz [Ab h R f h C], T.
Dimitrova, Antoaneta 2002: E, I B h EU’ A C Rq, :
W E P 25: 4, 171-190.
Elbasani, Arolda 2004: Dz P Ab: A M f I N?,
: Sh E P 5: 1, 24-44.
Elbasani, Arolda 2008: EU E h W B: S f B I, : J f
Sh E h B 10: 2, 293-307.
Elbasani, Arolda 2009: P Tf I f EU D Rq Ab, :
C f EU E S B, h://b..h////b/Ab_
P; 23 J 2009.
European Commission 2001: O h W f h EU/Ab Hh L S G, P f h
N f Sbz A A h Ab, COM 300.
European Commission 2002: Ab: Sbz A R, COM 163.
European Commission 2003: Ab: Sbz A R, COM 139.
European Commission 2004: Ab: Sbz A R, COM 203.
European Commission 2005: Ab: Sbz A R, COM 561.
European Commission 2006: Ab: Sbz A R, COM 649.
European Commission 2007: Ab: Sbz A R, COM 1429
European Commission 2008: Ab: Sbz A R, COM 2692
European Council 2008: O h P, P C C h E Ph h
Ab, EC 2008/210.
Fournier, Jacques 1998: A Rf h C O C h A f h C
E E C h E U, : S P 23, S f I
G M.
Freedom House 1998: N T. C R: Ab, : h://.fh./.
f?=17&=2006; 23 J 2009.
Goetz, Klaus H. 2000: E I N Ex: C Sh f E, : W E
P 23: 4, 211-231.
Goetz, Klaus H. 2001: M S f P-C C A: M, Ez
Lz, : J f E Pb P 8: 6, 1032-1051.
Goetz, Klaus/Wollman, Hellmut 2001: Gz C Ex P–C E: A F
C C, : J f E Pb P 8: 6, 864-887.
Grabbe, Heather 2001: H D Ez A CEE G? C, D D, :
J f E Pb P 8: 6, 1013-1031.
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EU Adminstrative Conditionality And Domestic Downloading | 21
Grabbe, Heather 2006: Th EU’ Tf P: Ez hh C C E
E, Hh N Y.
Graziano, Paolo/Vink, Marteen P. 2008: Ch f N Rh A, : Gz, P/V, M
(E.): Ez: N Rh A, B N Y, 3-23.
Jacoby, Wade 2004: Th E f h E U NATO: O F M C E,Cb.
Kochenov, Dimitry 2004: Bh h Ch Fç. Th M S f Ch P C
f D h R f L, : E I O P 8: 10, : h://..//
x/2004-010.h; 23 J 2009.
Olsen, Johan P. 2003: T E A S, : J f E Pb P 10: 4, 506-531.
Pippan, Chrisan 2004: Th R R E: Th EU Sb A P F h W
B h P f C, : E F A R 9: 2, 219-245.
Pop-Eleches, Grigore 2007: B H L h P f W I: D
C C, : E E P S 21: 1, 142-161.
Prii, Peter 1999: R Ab: Th P f I, T.
Putnam, Robert 1988: D D P: Th L f T L G, : I O
52: 3, 427-60.
Radaelli, Claudio M. 2003: Th Ez f Pb P, : Fh, K/R, C M. (E.):
Th P f Ez, Oxf, 27-56.
Radaelli, Claudio M./Pasquier, Romain 2008: C I, : Gz, P/V, M (E.):
Ez: N Rh A, B N Y, 35-46.
Ruli, Genc 2003: Ab: Th W f h S, : M, W (E.): P R b EU
E, Sh E: W S S I S, O.
Schimmelfennig Frank/Sedelmeier, Ulrich 2008: C C C, : Gz, P/V,
M (E.): Ez: N Rh A, B N Y, 88-102.
Shunsi, Andi 2004: H R M: Th L F, T I f Pb A,
T.
SIGMA 2004: C P C; : h://.b.//40/18/34990334.f; 23 J 2009.
Sverdrup, Ulf 2008: I, Gz, P/V, M (E.): Ez: N Rh A,
B N Y, 197-212.
UNDP U N D P 2003: I h M D G N
M E S P F, M 2003, : h://.../x.
h?=MDG/_; 23 J 2009.
Vaughan-Whitehead, Daniel 1999: Ab C: Th b F f h Sh S, Chh.
Verheijen, Tony 1998: NPM Rf h W Rf S: Th W M f C
E E, : Vhj, T/Cb, D (E.): I Pb M: P
f E W E, Chh, 407-417.
Verheijen, Tony 2002: Th E U Pb A D C E E, :
B, R (E.): T f Ah: Th R f h B, L.
Vickers, Miranda/Pefer, James 2000: Ab F Ah B I, L.
World Bank 1997: Ab D f R Gh: A I A, Wh DC.
World Bank 1998: Ab b h C: A S f R Gh, R 18658-ALB, Wh
DC.
World Bank 2000: Ab: C A E, R 21390, Wh DC.
World Bank 2007: O C f Pb A Rf Pj, R ICR0000488, Wh DC.
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T K-F - E A E
I R
Th K-Fh (KFG) f -
h b h G Rh F 2008. I -
f h KFG
hh h b h b b h f j h.
Th K-Fh „Th Tf P f E“
b h h E h B-B-
b z h h h -
h . I x h f h EU -
f , z h h
f x h h :
• I h Pb Sh
• C, C B
• C R E’ Ex R