ETSF05 Internetprotokoll SONET/SDH ATM - eit.lth.se · Figure 18.6 Multiplexing using different...
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ETSF05 Internetprotokoll SONET/SDH SONET/SDH ATM ATM Föreläsning 2 Jens Andersson Jens Andersson
Transcript of ETSF05 Internetprotokoll SONET/SDH ATM - eit.lth.se · Figure 18.6 Multiplexing using different...
ETSF05InternetprotokollSONET/SDHSONET/SDH
ATMATM
Föreläsning 2
Jens AnderssonJens Andersson
Figure 4.31 Data transmission and modes
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Figure 4.32 Parallel transmission
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Figure 4.33 Serial transmission
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Figure 4.34 Asynchronous transmission
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Figure 4.35 Synchronous transmission
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Isochronous transmissionIsochronous transmission
• Exempelvis realtids audio/video
• Synkronisering av enstaka tecken/byte inteSynkronisering av enstaka tecken/byte inte tillräckligt
H l bi ö å k i• Hela bitströmmen måste synkroniseras
• Alternativet är buffring vilket medför fö d öj ifördröjning
Figure 6.13 Synchronous time-division multiplexing
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Digital HierarchyDigital Hierarchy
• TDM i telefonnät
• Digital Signal (DS) ServiceDigital Signal (DS) Service
• Utgångspunkt = digitala telefonsignaler
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Figure 6.24 T-1 line for multiplexing telephone lines
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Figure 6.25 T-1 frame structure
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Figure 6.23 Digital hierarchy
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Table 6.1 DS and T line rates
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Table 6.2 E line rates
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SONET/SDHSONET/SDH
• SONET = Synchronous Optical Networks
• SDH = Synchronous Digital HierarchySDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
• SONET was developed by ANSI;SDH d l d b ITU TSDH was developed by ITU‐T.
• (DS/TDM lägre hastigheter även på ( / g g pkoppartrådar)
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Table 17.1 SONET/SDH rates
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Figure 17.1 A simple network using SONET equipment
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Figure 17.2 SONET layers compared with OSI or the Internet layers
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Figure 17.3 Device–layer relationship in SONET
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Figure 17 4 An STS 1 and an STS n frameFigure 17.4 An STS-1 and an STS-n frame
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Figure 17.5 STS-1 frames in transmission
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Figure 6.25 T-1 frame structure
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Figure 17.6 STS-1 frame overheads
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Figure 17.7 STS-1 frame: section overhead
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Figure 17.8 STS-1 frame: line overheadg
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Figure 17.9 STS-1 frame: path overhead
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Table 17.2 Overhead bytes
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Figure 17.10 Offsetting of SPE related to frame boundary
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Figure 17.11 The use of H1 and H2 pointers to show the start of an SPE in a frame
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Figure 17.12 STS multiplexing/demultiplexing
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Figure 17 13 Byte interleavingFigure 17.13 Byte interleaving
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Figure 17.14 An STS-3 frame
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Figure 17.15 A concatenated STS-3c signal
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Figure 17.16 Dropping and adding STS-1 frames in an add/drop multiplexer
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Figure 17.17 Taxonomy of SONET networks
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Figure 17.18 A point-to-point SONET networkg
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Figure 17.19 A multipoint SONET network
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Figure 17.20 Automatic protection switching in linear networks
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Figure 17.21 A unidirectional path switching ring
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Figure 17.22 A bidirectional line switching ring
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Figure 17.23 A combination of rings in a SONET network
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Figure 17.24 A mesh SONET network
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Figure 17.25 Virtual tributaries
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Figure 17.26 Virtual tributary types
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ATMATM
• A cell network uses the cell as the basic unit of data exchange.g
• A cell is defined as a small, fixed‐size block of informationinformation
• Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is the cell relay protocol designed by the ATM Forum and adopted by the ITU‐T.and adopted by the ITU T.
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Figure 18.6 Multiplexing using different frame sizes
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Figure 18.7 Multiplexing using cells
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Figure 18.8 ATM multiplexing
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Figure 18.9 Architecture of an ATM network
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Figure 18.10 TP, VPs, and VCs
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Figure 18.11 Example of VPs and VCs
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Figure 18.12 Connection identifiers
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Figure 18.14 An ATM cell
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Figure 18.13 Virtual connection identifiers in UNIs and NNIs
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Figure 18.15 Routing with a switch
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Figure 18.17 ATM layers in endpoint devices and switches
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Figure 18.18 ATM layer
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Figure 18.19 ATM headers
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Figure 18.16 ATM layers
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Figure 18.20 AAL1
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Figure 18.21 AAL2
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Figure 18.22 AAL3/4
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Figure 18.23 AAL5
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ATMWAN & LANATM WAN & LAN
• ATM egentligen WAN‐teknik
• ATM kan anpassas till att vara LAN‐teknikATM kan anpassas till att vara LAN teknik– Olika typer av förbindelser mellan slutanvändare
Olik jä d ill l i di– Olika tjänster anpassade till multimedia
– Skalar bra
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Figure 18.24 ATM LANs
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Figure 18.25 Pure ATM LAN
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Figure 18.26 Legacy ATM LAN
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Figure 18.27 Mixed architecture ATM LAN
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ATM som LAN inte helt enkelt
• ATM är förbindelseorienterat protokoll. Hur h t ö li d fö bi d l lö t k ll?hantera överliggande förbindelselösa protokoll?
• ATM är en‐till‐en. LAN är en till många/alla.• Fysiska adresser måste kopplas till Virtuella Circuit Identifier
• Multicast och broadcast?• Interoperabilitet i mixed architecture?Interoperabilitet i mixed architecture?
Hjäl f kti b hö !Hjälpfunktioner behövs!
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Figure 18.28 Client and servers in a LANE
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Figure 18.29 Client and servers in a LANE
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