Etp Original

7/31/2019 Etp Original

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INTRODUCTION

Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) is recently modified plant to increase water capacity in

the Texport Syndicate. ETP is a process of removing hazardous chemicals from the

effluent and disposing them in a safe isolated way. The plant is designed to treat

the effluent discharged from washing unit where various types of chemicals and

dye stuffs are being used. ETP is consisting of physio-chemical treatment plant

and it needs to be biologically treated and hence discharged to BWSSB sewage

line.

Purpose of ETP:-

Due to the nature of various chemical processing of textile, large volume of

waste water with numerous pollutants is discharged. Since the stream of water

affect the aquatic eco-system in number of ways such as depleting the

dissolving oxygen content on settlement of suspended substance in anaerobic

condition, a special attention needs to be demanded. Thus a study on different

measures, which can be adopted to treat the waste water discharged from

textile chemical processing industry to protect our surrounding from possible

pollution problem, has been the focus point of many recent investigation.

Main Objectives of ETP:-

1. To be socially responsible (it is the responsibility of every company to ensure

that they dont discharge any effluent directly to the environment).

2. Effluent affects the fertility of the soil and thus affecting the ground water.


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WORKING PROCESS OF ETP IN TEXPORT SYNDICATE:-

FLOW CHARTTrade effluent input

Bar Screen Settable Solid particle

Co-angulation tank

Oil separation

Equalization tank

Lime, FeSo4, Alum &

Poly electrolyte

Lamella Clarifier-1,2

Clarifier water collection

Filter press

Sludge storage

room

Pressure Sand Filter

Activated carbon filter

BWSSB SEWER

Water

SludgeSecondary clarifier tank


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1. Effluent coming from washing section contains solid substances like threads,

stone etc. These solid substances are stopped in the drain itself by using iron

cross-bar which acts as filter. And these substances are removed on daily basis.

2. Effluent contains some oil and grease which has to be removed from the

effluent. Since oil and grease are lighter in weight, they float on the surface of

water which is removed every week. And then water is passed to equalization

tank by using inverted U-tube pipe.

3. Equalization Tank:-

There will be Effluent discharge

with various properties & different

in PH

values and air is applied to

agitate to get homogeneous liquid

having water of same property all

over the tank. Then this water is

passed to the co-agulation tank

with help of feed pump.

Equalization Tank


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4. Co-agulation Tank:-

In this tank water is treated with

chemicals which enhance oppositely

charged particles to attract each

other and forms a solid mass.

Chemicals used in this tank are

Lime, Ferrous sulphate (FeSo4),

Alum & Poly electrolyte. And air is

also supplied to the tank to agitate.

Each chemical have its own

functions as we mentioned bellow.

Co-agulation tank

4(a) Lime:-

It is used to maintain the PH

value. First PH

value checked for incoming water on co-agulation tank and according to the result,

lime is added to it. Lime is mixed with water

in a container. Air is supplied to the

container for agitation throughout the

process. And mixture is continuously feeding

to the effluent by using a water tap from the

bottom of the container.

Lime Container


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4(b) Ferrous Sulphate (FeSO4):-

The main function of Ferrous Sulphate is to

remove the color from the water. The

solution is keeping in a container from where

it is regularly pouring to the co-agulation

tank by using water tap from the bottom of

the container.

Ferrous sulphate solution

4(c) Alum:-

It helps in the separation of solid dust

particles from water to settle at the

bottom. Air is applied continuous foragitation.

Alum container


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4(d) Poly electrolyte:-

This chemical is used for rapid settling

and to speed up in co-agulation process.Poly electrolyte is continuously supply

to the co-agulation tank by electronic

dosing pump.

Electronic Dosing Pump

5. Lamella Clarifier1 and 2:-

Effluent added chemicals are

passed to Lamella clarifier 1 &2. A lamella clarifier is the

equipment that features a rack

of inclined metal plates that

causes flocculated material to

settle down at the bottom of

the tank. Inclined plate settlers

also slow down the flow of

water.

Settled solid substances are

drained from the bottom and

send to filter press. Filter Lamella Clarifier

press separates the solids from
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the liquids so that the useful part can be processed, packaged or delivered to

the next step. Filter presses generally work in a batch manner. The plates are

clamped together and then a pump starts feeding the slurry into the filter press

to complete a filtering cycle and produce a batch of solid filtered material,

called the filter cake. The stack of plates is opened, solid is removed, and thestack of plates is re-clamped and the filtering cycle is repeated. And water

obtained from the filter press again sent to equalization tank for further

chemical treatment and filtration process.

Floating masses are removed from the top manually. Thus clarified the water is

collected in the collection water tank. Sludge is collected to a primary collector

and passed it to filter press by using a screw pump. Sludge inside filter press is

transformed into solid sludge by compressing the sludge with help of good

quality fabric. And some amount of water is filtered in the process and same

water is again sent to equalization tank. And sludge obtained from the filter

chamber is collected and expose to the sunlight to dry which is known as sludge

cake. Dried sludges are kept inside plastic bags, sealed and kept in a safe

custody and disposed through authorized agency for a safe disposal.

6. Secondary collection tank:

After water is separated fromsludge, it is collected in primary

collection or clarified water

collection tank 1 & 2. Each tank has

two separate portion divided by a

partition leaving some space at the

bottom which allows only water to

pass. The sludge will float on the

surface of water, where sludge is

removed manually. Then theclarified water is sent to collection

tank from where water again

feeding to pressure sand filter by

using pump.

Secondary Clarifier


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Sludge Collection

7. Pressure Sand Filter (PSF):

After the treatment of chemical,

water still may contains minute

particles and pressure sand

filter purified them. This filtercontains pebble, core sand and

fine sand and which purified the

water as much as possible. The

water comes from top and

comes out from the bottom

which is feeding by using filter

pumps. And again water is feed

from the top to the Activated

Carbon Filter.

Pressure Sand and Activated Carbon filter


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8. Activated Carbon filter (ACF):

This filter comprise of carbon with improved contact surface area, which

reduces the odor of water.

Document maintained in the unit:

1. Daily chemical consumption Log sheet.2. Monthly operational Log sheet.

Government provided a certain tolerance which has to be followed. The treated

water discharge from ETP is sent to lab to check quality of water whether it

confirm to the standard set up or not. The test is conducted in BARC-Banglore

Analytical Research Centre. And these test reports have to be maintained by

ETP unit.

Tolerance limits for industrial effluent discharged into Board sewers

Sl.no. Parameter Limit

1. Colour and odour --

2. Suspended solids 600

3. Particle size of Suspended --

4. PH

value 5.5 9

5. Temperature --

6. Oil and grease mg/L 20

7. Total residual Chlorine --

8. Ammonical Nitrogen (as N), mg/L max 50

9. Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen ( N ) --

10. Free Ammonia ( NH3) mg/L --

11. Biochemical Oxygen demand BOD ( 3 days at 27OC)

( mg/L, max)

350

12. Chemical Oxygen demand, mg/L, max --

13. Arsenic ( as As), (mg/L),max 0.2

14. Mercury ( as Hg), mg/L, max 0.01

15. Lead (as Pb) mg/L, max 1.0

16. Cadmium (as Cd) mg/L, max 1.0

17. Hexavalent Chromium (as Cr + 6), mg/L max 2.0

18. Total Chromium(as Cr0, mg/L, max 2.0

19. Copper (as Cu ), mg/L, max 3.0


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20. Zinc 9as Zn),mg/L, max 15

21. Selenium (as Se), mg/L, max 0.05

22. Nickel (as Ni), mg/L max 3.0

23. Cyanide (as CN), mg/L, max 2.0

24. Fluoride (as F), mg/L, max 15

25. Dissolved Phosphate (as P), mg/L, max --26. Sulphide (as S) mg/L, max --

27. Phenolic compounds (as C6H5OH) 5.0

28. Radioactive materials

(a) Alpha emitters (Micro curie/ml) max

(b) Beta emitters (micro curie/ ml) max

10-7

10-6

29. Bio-assay test 90% survival of fish after 96 hours in

100% effluent.

30. Manganese (as Mn) mg/L 2

31. Iron(as Fe) mg/L 3

32. Vanadium (as V) 0.2

33. Nitrate Nitrogen mg/L --34. Sulphates (as SO4 ) mg/L 1000

35. Total Dissolved Solids (inorganic) mg/L 2100

36. Chlorides (as CL) mg/L 600

37. Boron (as B) mg/L max 2.0

38. Percent sodium max 30

Advantages of ETP:

1. Reduced water consumption by effective recycling of water.2. To have clean environment.3. Improved efficiency.4. To increase company image.5. Better use of resources.6. More effective compliance with legislation.


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CONCLUSION

The company is successfully manufacturing the products considering the

lifestyle, fashion trends of the global market and also keeping the buyer

requirement in mind. In the meantime they ensure that their manufacturing

process gives no harm to surrounding environment and habitants by

implementing such programs. Thus by considering the above we can come to a

conclusion that buyers are attracted by the companys product and

compliances.

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