MACALALAD, MAREDEN E.

DHEN_TUMMY@YAHOO.COM

1.They are done in deliberately. The agent performing the act is not conscious of his actions going on. The action he is doing is not under the command of his consciousness.2. The acts are not done freely. They may be done by force, that is without the freedom of choice of the person.3. The acts are done involuntary. The acts do not emanate from the heart of the agent.

1.The act must be deliberate. 2.The act must be free. 3.The act must be voluntary.

♥==an act of decision to select a degree course ♥==an act of killing someone ♥==an act of marriage ♥==choice of life partner♥==to love♥==to vote for a candidate♥==act of teaching or studying etc.

♥ ELICITED ACTSemanate from the will of the agent. It is a will act begin and completed in the will without bodily involvement.

♥ COMMANDED ACTSare body mind acts done to carry out the elicited act of the subject or agent.

1.WISH 2. INTENTION 3. CONSENT 4. ELECTION 5. USE 6. FRUITION

WISH- natural inclination of the will towardsan object.

INTENTION- the wills tendency towards something, attainable but not obligatory.

CONSENT- is the acceptance of the will to

implement the agent’s attention.

ELECTION- agent chooses from among a variety of means what he believes to be the most effective to carry out of intention.

USE- wills command to make use of the

selected means in carrying out the intention.

FRUITION- enjoyment of the will as a result of the attainment of the object desired earlier.

COMMAND ACTS:

1.INTERNAL ACTS

2.EXTERNAL ACTS

3.MIXED

INTERNAL ACTS- refer to the purely mental facilities under the command of the will.

EXTERNAL ACTS- acts are done by the body as

commanded by the will.

MIXED - mixed acts are those done by bodily and

mental powers.

POLITICAL CONDITION:

1.There was dictatorship in the regime.

2. There was rampant violation of human rights here and there.

3. Graft and corruption in government officers and agencies.

HUMAN ACT AND RESPONSIBILITY

Responsibility is the ability of a person to respond to a need or problem in a given situation. A responsible person has that feeling of moral obligation to do an act as a response to the demand of the situation.

MORAL PRINCIPLES

PRINCIPLE 1.

INVINCIBLE IGNORANCE MAKES AN ACT INVOLUNTARY

PRINCIPLE 2.

VINCIBLE IGNORANCE DOES NOT RENDER THE ACT INVOLUNTARY, BUT REDUCES THE

VOLUNTARNESS AND THE CORRESPONDING ACCOUNTABILTY OVER THE ACT

PRINCIPLE 3.

AFFECTED IGNORANCE IN AWAY REDUCES AND IN ANOTHER WAY INTENSIFIES VOLUNTARIES

CONCUPISCENE a modifier of human acts, refers to bodily tendencies (appetite) of man sometimes called the passions

PRINCIPLE 4.

ANTECEDENT CONCUPISCENSE DIMINISHES THE VOLUNTARINESS

PRINCIPLE 5.

ANTECEDENT CONCUPISCENSE DOES NOT ELIMINATE

VOLUNTARINESS OF AN ACT

FEAR-refers to a person’s perturbed state of mind due to an impending danger or evil that

might befall anytime .

PRINCIPLE 6.

ACTS DONE IN FEAR ARE VOLUNTARY [GLENN; 41]

PRINCIPLE 7.AN ACT DONE OUT OF FEAR

HOWEVER GREAT ,IS SIMPLY VOLUNTARY ,ALTHOUGH IT IS ALSO REGULARLYCONDITIONALLY INVOLUNTARY [GLENN; 41]

VIOLENCE-refers to a physical external force

inflicted on a person by a free agent for the purpose of compelling said person to do an act against his will

PRINCIPLE 8.

EXTERNAL ACT WHICH ARE COMMANDED ,PERFORMED BY A PERSON UNDER PENDING VIOLENCE WHICH COULD BE REASONABLY RESISTED ,ARE INVOLUNTARY AND ,THEREFORE, NOT IMPUTABLE [AGAPAY; 25]

HABIT-refers to repeatable acts of a person done with facility and ease.

THE INDIRECT VOLUNTARY ACT-acts when perform can have multiple effects other than those directly

intended by the agent.

PRINCIPLE 9.

AN AGENT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE EVIL EFFECT HIS INDIRECT

VOLUNTARY ACT

PRINCIPLE 10.

THE PRINCIPLE OF DOBLE EFFECT♥=The act must be good in itself or at least

morally neutral.♥=The good effect must be greater than the

evil one, or equally important at least.♥=The act is the only means to attain the good

effect .♥=The evil effect must be the last to happen .♥=The agent must be honest in his intention .