ETHANOL AS A FUEL
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Transcript of ETHANOL AS A FUEL
ETHANOLAS A FUEL
WHAT IS ETHANOL?
The Fermentation of sugar crops (sugarcane, wheat, sorghum, maize, etc), starch, cornstalks, vegetable
leftover and fruits after distillation is known as ETHANOL
USE
Best known as the type of ethanol found in ethanolic beverages
Used in thermometers as a solvent
Used as a raw material in various industrial processes
also be used as a FUEL
ETHANOL AS A FUEL
Ethanol is used as an automotive fuel by itself and can be mixed with gasoline to form what has been called "GASOHOL" or FUEL ETHANOL.
How is ethanol being used as transportation fuel ?
Most ethanol used for fuel is being blended into gasoline at concentrations of 5 to 10
percent. All petrol engines can utilize the blended
ethanol and needs no alterations.
There is a small but growing market for E85 fuel (85 percent ethanol and 15 percent
gasoline) for use in Flexible Fuel Vehicles (FFVs), several million of which have been
produced by U.S. automakers.
Ethanol is also being used to formulate a blend with diesel fuel, known as "E-Diesel", and as a replacement for leaded aviation
gasoline in small aircraft.
Source: www.best-europe.org
WHY ETHANOL ?
FUEL EFFICIENT
When mixed with unleaded gasoline, ethanol increases octane levels improves combustion extends the supply of gasoline
.
ECO-FRIENDLY
A renewable source of energy
Its production or the combustion does not
emit green house gases or poisonous pollutants
Reduces the emission of Particulate Matter and sulfur dioxide
Decreases the discharge of benzene and butadiene, that cause cancer, by 50%
Decrease the emission of hydrocarbons that deplete the ozone layer.
source: www.odec.ca
HOW IS IT PRODUCED ?
By grains such as corn and sorghum
Potatoes, sugar cane, and other farm plants and plant wastes.
Forestry products such as wood, brewery waste, whey, paper waste, beets, or
vegetable waste.
Ethanol is a product of fermentation
In fermentation, ethanol retains much of the energy that was originally in the sugar, which explains why ethanol is an excellent fuel.
ETHANOL FROM CELLULOSE
Cellulose—an organic compound that is the structural component of cell walls for plants. Cellulosic materials, such as wood chips and corn stalks, are an emerging feedstock for ethanol production.
Cellulosic ethanol promises to reduce GHG emissions by up to 110% compared to
gasoline.
Source: www.wastetoenergymachines.com
The cost of producing ethanol remains significantly higher than the cost of producing
fuels from petroleum.
Continued progress with both conventional and advanced ethanol production technologies could someday result in ethanol production costs competitive with petroleum fuels.
ETHANOL IN USA
World’s top producerTop consumer
Leading exporter
Key Ethanol StatsNumber of Plants......................................................... 211Operating Production Capacity............. 13.3 billion gallonsIdled capacity.......................................... 1.5 billion gallonsCapacity Under Construction............... 50.0 million gallonsStates with Ethanol Facilities........................................... 29
-till 2013
Source: Renewable Fuels Association
Historic EthanolProduction
(in billions of gallons)2012......................13.3*2011......................13.92010......................13.32009......................10.92008........................9.3
Source: Renewable Fuels Association
There are currently over 2,250 gas stations in the U.S. that sell E85 fuel. This ethanol-fuel blend is for use in flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) only.
Source: Renewable Fuels Association
In 2012, American ethanol use helpedreduce the need for imported oil by an
estimated 462 million barrels. For perspective, that is more ethanol than America imports from
Saudi Arabia each year.
Source: Renewable Fuels Association
Oil import dependence dropped to 41% in2012. Without ethanol, oil import dependence
would have been 48%.Source: Renewable Fuels Association
Growing Domestic Energy Supplies
Ethanol also has an impact on the domestic energy markets. Today, ethanol accounts for almost one out of every four gallons of domestically-produced fuel consumed by
gasoline-powered vehicles.
Source: Renewable Fuels Association
Stimulating America’s Economy
Domestic ethanol production is an unrivaled economic engine in hundreds of communities all across the country. It is helping revitalize
rural communities, create new jobs requiring strong math and science skills, and putting more money in the pockets of Americans
through increased wages and lower gasoline prices.
Ethanol and the Economy:
87,000 direct jobs 295,000 indirect/induced jobs $43.4 billion contribution to GDP $30.2 billion in household income
Source: Renewable Fuels Association
SAVING MONEY AT THE PUMP
Ethanol reduced gasoline prices by an average of $1.09 per gallon in 2011
Source: Renewable Fuels Association
Source: Renewable Fuels Association
Today’s producers get more ethanol out of every bushel—and use less energy and water to do it. That’s the definition of
sustainability.
Since 2001:
i. Natural gas energy required to produce agallon of ethanol has fallen 28%.
ii. Electricity use is down 32%.
Source: Renewable Fuels Association
iii. The amount of ethanol produced per bushelof corn has increased to 2.8 gallons,
up more than 5%.
iv. Water use has fallen to 2.7 gallons per gallonof ethanol, down 47% since 2001 and comparable to water use for gasoline
production.
Source: Renewable Fuels Association
Ethanol’s energy balance is continually improving:
1 unit of energy invested in making ethanolyields up to 2.3 units of energy available for the
consumer.
Source: Renewable Fuels Association
Ethanol reduces greenhouse gas emissions by40-50% when compared directly to gasoline.
Conclusion
The ethanol industry continues to make a significant contribution to the economy in terms of job creation, generation of tax revenue, and displacement of
imported crude oil. The importance of the ethanol industry to agriculture and rural economies is
particularly notable. Continued growth and expansion of the ethanol industry through new technologies and feedstock will enhance the industry’s position as the
original creator of green jobs, and will enable America to make further strides toward independence from
imported fossil fuels.
BRAZIL
Pure ethanol (100% ethanol) is used in approximately 40 percent of the cars in Brazil. The remaining vehicles use blends of 24 percent ethanol with 76 percent gasoline. Brazil consumes nearly 4 billion gallons of ethanol annually. In addition to consumption, Brazil also exports ethanol to other countries.
SWEDEN
Sweden has used ethanol in chemical production for many years. As a result, Sweden’s crude oil consumption has been cut in half since 1980. During the same time period, the use of gasoline and diesel for transportation has also increased
ETHANOL IN INDIA
India is initiating the use of ethanol as an automotive fuel. A move has been made by distilleries in India to use surplus ethanol as a blending agent or an oxygenate in gasoline.
Currently, the mandate is for 5 percent blending but if we go to 10 percent, one could save about Rs 8,000-9,000 crore of foreign exchange which is currently being
used to import crude.
Source: www.moneycontrol.com
ACTUAL SCENE
Ethanol blending with petrol yet to gather steam
Some seven years have passed since the government launched the program to
blend 5 per cent ethanol with petrol. However, the desired blending has not yet been achieved
because of problems over pricing and procurement.
Blending at the rate of 5 per cent will require 1,050 million liters ethanol
annually. But the OMCs (Indian Oil, Bharat Petroleum and Hindustan Petroleum) have procured only 400 million liters since
January 2013.
Source: Business Today
Blending in states like Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Delhi and Karnataka has been taking
place at 10 per cent.
But in several other states like Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat only 5
per cent has been achieved.
At the national level, only 2 to 2.5 per cent blending is happening against a target of 5 per
cent.
Source: Business Today
In the absence of a well knit policy in the past for purchasing and blending ethanol, not many distilleries have been producing ethanol.
Only three distilleries attached to sugar mills had war years’ experience, and were able to gear themselves up to supply ethanol immediately.
The requirement of ethanol at 5 per cent blending is expected to rise from 465
million liters to 682 million liters.
Source: Ethanolindia.com
11 units in Uttar Pradesh -75 million liters7 units in Tamil Nadu -62.5 million liters8 units in Karnataka- 66.5 million liters
4 units in Andhra Pradesh-over 40 million
Similar steps have also be taken up by the cooperative sector units in Maharashtra,
Punjab and UP. By the end of the year it is estimated that about 300 million liters capacity would have been created for the
production of anhydrous ethanol.
Source: Ethanolindia.com
If additional cane available is utilized, the production of ethanol would be around
1,485 million liters.
Source: Ethanolindia.com
The country imports 80% of its fuel but is mandated to blend 20% ethanol by 2017.
Source: Ethanolindia.com
February 17, 2014
Indian oil companies buy record 720 million liters of ethanol from mills
In India, the country’s oil marketing companies have at last finalized a record ethanol purchase of 720 million liters of ethanol from sugar mills, making this the first year the country will reach its E5 blending target. The ethanol will reduce the country’s $20 billion annual fuel import bill by $1 billion. The OMCs paid between 56 and 60 cents per liter. About 230 million liters have already been picked up.Source: www.biofuelsdigest.com
RECENT HEADLINES
February 24, 2014
Indian edible oils company plans to set up corn-based ethanol
In India, Rasoya Proteins plans to invest $81 million in setting up additional soy oil production as well as a corn-based ethanol plant. The company believes that increased demand for ethanol for blending will provide a market to support the new investment.
Source: www.biofuelsdigest.com
RECENT HEADLINES
ON APRIL 7,2014
In India, the Inter-Ministerial Group has agreed to change the formula used to calculate the price sugar mills get for their ethanol, meaning that they will receive between 1 and 5 rupees per liter more during the next tender to supply from the crush starting in October. Mills have been holding back from participating in the tenders because it wasn’t financially viable at the prices the oil marketing companies were offering.
Source: www.biofuelsdigest.com
RECENT HEADLINES
Ethanol is part of our nation’s solution to reducing our dependency on imported oil,
creating domestic jobs, cleaning our environment by reducing dangerous
emissions caused by burning gasoline, and helping to improve engine performance by
adding much needed octane.
E-DIESEL CARS IN INDIA
HONDA AMAZE
TOYOTA INNOVA
HONDA CITY
Unlike biodiesel, there is no need to have a corporation. Ethanol can be made even in your
backyard. Those who want to save the environment are busy in producing ethanol in
their backyards; guidelines of the procedure are easily available.
MADE BY--
AKSHAY GAUTAM
THANK YOU