ETCA MME and SGSN)

ZXUN uMAC Product Description


ZTE Confidential Proprietary © 2012 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. I


Version Date Author Approved By Remarks

V1.00

V1.1 Update

V1.2 Update

© 2012 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZTE CONFIDENTIAL: This document contains proprietary information of ZTE and is not to be disclosed or used without the prior written permission of ZTE.

Due to update and improvement of ZTE products and technologies, information in this document is subjected to change without notice.

The capacity indices mentioned by this document are derived under certain conditions, the actual capacity indices for business must be derived according to the actual traffic model and other requirements.


II © 2012 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. ZTE Confidential Proprietary

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Overview ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Location and Functions of ZXUN uMAC ........................................................... 1 1.2 Interfaces and Protocols of ZXUN uMAC .......................................................... 4

2 Highlight Features .......................................................................................... 6 2.1 Advanced Design ............................................................................................. 6 2.2 Large Capacity & High Integration Unified All-IP Platform, Lesser TCO ............ 6 2.3 Common Elements for GSM/EDGE/UMTS and EPS ........................................ 7 2.4 Open Interface and Flexible Networking Capabilities ........................................ 7 2.5 Outstanding Reliability and Excellent Performance ........................................... 7 2.6 Abundant Service Functions ............................................................................. 8 2.7 Smooth Expansion Capabilities ........................................................................ 8 2.8 Convenient Operation Maintenance .................................................................. 8

3 Functionality ................................................................................................. 10

4 System Architecture ..................................................................................... 14 4.1 Product Physical Structure.............................................................................. 14 4.2 Hardware Architecture .................................................................................... 15 4.2.1 Hardware Structure of EPC Unified Platform .................................................. 15 4.2.2 ZXUN uMAC Hardware Structure ................................................................... 16 4.3 Software Architecture ..................................................................................... 18

5 Technical Specifications .............................................................................. 20 5.1 Physical Indices .............................................................................................. 20 5.1.1 Mechanical Dimension .................................................................................... 20 5.1.2 Weight and Floor Bearing ............................................................................... 20 5.1.3 Color ............................................................................................................... 20 5.2 Equipment Power ........................................................................................... 20 5.2.1 Power Supply Range ...................................................................................... 20 5.2.2 Power Consumption ....................................................................................... 21 5.3 Working Environment ..................................................................................... 21 5.3.1 Temperature and Humidity Requirements ...................................................... 21 5.3.2 Cleanness Requirements................................................................................ 21 5.3.3 Air Pollution Requirements ............................................................................. 21 5.4 Interface Indices ............................................................................................. 22 5.5 Capacity Indices ............................................................................................. 22 5.6 Clock Indices .................................................................................................. 23

6 Operation and Maintenance ......................................................................... 24 6.1 Configuration Management System ................................................................ 25 6.2 Alarm Management System ............................................................................ 26 6.3 Performance Management System ................................................................. 26 6.4 Diagnosis Test System ................................................................................... 26 6.5 Signaling Tracing System ............................................................................... 27 6.6 Service Observation System ........................................................................... 27 6.7 Variable Management System ........................................................................ 27


ZTE Confidential Proprietary © 2012 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. III

7 Reliability Design .......................................................................................... 28 7.1 System Reliability Design ............................................................................... 28 7.2 Hardware Reliability Design ............................................................................ 28 7.2.1 EMC Design ................................................................................................... 28 7.2.2 Simplification Design ...................................................................................... 29 7.2.3 Redundancy Design ....................................................................................... 29 7.2.4 Harsh Environment Resistance Design........................................................... 29

8 Networking .................................................................................................... 30

FIGURES

Figure 1 Location of ZXUN uMAC as SGSN in Mobile Network ....................................... 2

Figure 2 Location of ZXUN uMAC as MME in Mobile Network ......................................... 3

Figure 3 Location of ZXUN uMAC as SGSN/MME Combo in Mobile Network .................. 4

Figure 4 ZXUN uMAC cabinet appearance and dimension ............................................ 14

Figure 5 Front and back views of ZXUN uMAC chassis (E8280) .................................... 15

Figure 6 ZXUN uMAC Hardware Structure ..................................................................... 17

Figure 7 Software hierarchy ........................................................................................... 19

Figure 8 O&M System Structure ..................................................................................... 24

Figure 9 PS/EPS Backbone Network ............................................................................. 30

Figure 10 Networking Mode of xGW and uMAC Belonging to same LAN ......................... 32

TABLES

Table 1 Related Interfaces and Protocols of ZXUN uMAC .............................................. 4

Table 2 Environment Temperature and Humidity Requirements ................................... 21

Table 3 ZXUN uMAC Interface Indices ......................................................................... 22

Table 4 ZXUN uMAC Typical Capacity Indices ............................................................. 22

Table 5 ZXUN uMAC Clock Indices .............................................................................. 23

Table 6 ZXUN uMAC Reliability Indices ........................................................................ 28


ZTE Confidential Proprietary © 2012 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. 1

1 Overview

1.1 Location and Functions of ZXUN uMAC

Integration of core network and access agnostic is the trend of mobile network.

Following the trend, ZTE provides an integrated control plane core network product,

ZXUN uMAC (unified Mobile Access Controller), which can support 2G, 3G and LTE

access. ZXUN uMAC can be deployed as SGSN, MME or SGSN/MME combo node to

satisfy different scenarios during the evolution to pure LTE/EPC.

Working as SGSN, ZXUN uMAC is the core of PS domain. It manages the access

control and transmits the packet data of mobile stations in its coverage area. It also

validates the subscriber’s location (in home network or visited network) through mobility

management executing radio resource management. It provides routing functions to

forward packet data between RNCs and also between SGSN and other GGSNs. In

addition, it collects charging data for CG and supports network management through

O&M.

Working as MME, ZXUN uMAC is the core of EPS. It manages the access control. It

also validates the subscriber’s location (in home network or visited network) through

mobility management. It executes bearer management and provides routing functions to

assist packet data forwarding between eNodeB and SAE-GWs.

Working as SGSN/MME combo node, ZXUN uMAC can provide SGSN and MME

function as described above.

The location of ZXUN uMAC working as SGSN in the network is as shown in Figure 1.


2 © 2012 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. ZTE Confidential Proprietary

Figure 1 Location of ZXUN uMAC as SGSN in Mobile Network

The location of ZXUN uMAC working as MME in the network is as shown in Figure 2.



Figure 2 Location of ZXUN uMAC as MME in Mobile Network

HLR

SGSN

GGSN

RNC

NodeBBTS

BSC

BTS NodeB

eNodeBeNodeB

HSS

MME

PGW

SGW

PDN/IMS

Gi SGi

Gc

Gr

Gb

Iu-PS

S6a

S1-MME

S1-U

Abis

Um Uu

Iub X2

LTE-Uu

S12

Gn

GnS5

S11MME

S10

PCRFGx

GSM W/TDLTE

The location of the ZXUN uMAC working as SGSN/MME combo node in the network is

as shown in Figure 3.



Figure 3 Location of ZXUN uMAC as SGSN/MME Combo in Mobile Network

Z

XUN uMAC adopts module structure and executes different functions through different

modules. By combining modules in different ways, ZXUN uMAC can provide 2G Gb, 3G

Iu and LTE S1 access functions. In addition, it provides multiple physical interfaces such

as E1, Ethernet, ATM and POS to meet different requirements. Integrated with GPRS-

SSF function, ZXUN uMAC implements mobile intelligent service.

1.2 Interfaces and Protocols of ZXUN uMAC

The related interfaces, protocols and functions of ZXUN uMAC are listed in Table1.

Table 1 Related Interfaces and Protocols of ZXUN uMAC

Interworking NE

Interface Name

Protocol Interface Function

SGSN-BSS Gb BSSGP Connecting 2.5G BSS

SGSN-RNC Iu-PS RANAP/GTP

Connecting RNC

SGSN-MSC Server/VLR

Gs BSSAP+ Updating/paging the joint location of CS/PS, allocating TMSI



Interworking NE

Interface Name

Protocol Interface Function

SGSN-HLR Gr MAP Managing subscription attributes of packet subscribers

SGSN-SGSN Gn/Gp GTP Implementing mobility management between SGSNs

SGSN-SMS-GMSC Server

Gd MAP Processing short messages

SGSN-MSC/VLR

Gs BSSAP+ The interface between the Gn/Gp SGSN and the VLR. It uses the BSSAP+ protocol.

SGSN-EIR Gf MAP Processing IMEI Checking

SGSN-SCF Ge CAP This interface provides intelligent service control functions and realizes CAMEL.

SGSN-GGSN Gn/Gp GTP Managing tunnels of packet data subscribers

CG-GSN Ga GTP’ Collecting the GSN CDR in real time

MME-eNodeB S1-MME S1AP Accessing eNodeB for control plane

MME-HSS S6a Diameter Managing subscription attributes of packet subscribers

MME-MME S10 GTP Implementing mobility management between MME

MME-SGW S11 GTP Bearer management for UE

MME-Gn SGSN Gn GTP Implementing mobility management between SGSN and MME

MME-MSC SGs SGsAP Implementing CSFB function between MME and MSC

MME-EIR S13 Diameter IMEI check management between MME and EIR

MME-MSC Sv GTPv2 Implementing SRVCC function between MME and MSC



2 Highlight Features

2.1 Advanced Design

Designed in strict accordance with the 3GPP R8 specifications, besides MME function,

uMAC can integrate SGSN function to protect user’s investment.

The software is developed in strict accordance with the software engineering

requirements on the basis of the top downward, hierarchical and modular design

concept, which makes the software easily maintainable and expansible.

Utilize the advantages of various mobile switching systems at home and abroad; the

hardware structure, software structure and the integrated equipment expertise live up to

the state of arts of peer products.

The hardware design adopts the advanced Very Large-Scale Integrated (VLSI) Circuits

to reduce stand-alone components, improve the reliability and reduce the power

consumption.

The software adopts the hierarchical and modular structure, and works in the load

sharing mode. The load between modules is balanced dynamically, and the tasks are

taken over automatically.

The NE is based on unified all-IP software and hardware platform, which reduces the

system development and maintenance cost.

ZTE core network series are distributed processing platform and provide very high

expansibility. The whole system adopts the multi-level modular design to ensure the

easy installation of whole system and smooth expansion.

2.2 Large Capacity & High Integration Unified All-IP Platform, Lesser TCO

All CN products are based on All-IP unified hardware platform. Based on the advanced

hardware platform and technology, with the modular design, large capacity and high

integration are featured, which means less Equipment, and therefore less construction,

maintenance personnel & costs and power consumption.



2.3 Common Elements for GSM/EDGE/UMTS and EPS

ZXUN system provides support GSM/EDGE/UMTS and EPS services and subscribers

using same network elements. This ensures continuity for the existing GSM services. It

also facilitates an easy migration of the subscribers from GSM/EDGE/UMTS to EPS,

there are no changes in network topology or network element configurations during the

upgrades.

ZXUN system provides support access of BSS, UTRAN and E-UTRAN network

simultaneously. One unified core network can greatly reduce investment with resource

sharing:

� Signaling process, call process, switch resources etc, can be shared to save

investment and ensure smooth evolution.

� Soft capacity: During the evolution from 2G/3G to LTE, either 2G/3G or LTE user

number may increase suddenly. ZTE equipments can adjust the system resources

automatically to meet the 2G/3G and LTE capacity. It is based on any 2G/3G and

LTE service ratio. Therefore, the evolution may become smooth.

� Unified support and management system also can decrease investment.

� Facility such as transmission and equipment room can be shared

2.4 Open Interface and Flexible Networking Capabilities

ZXUN series provides open and standard interfaces. It supports GSM, 3GPP R99~R8,

networking and allows smooth upgrades and expansion.

IP, TDM, and ATM transport are supported. Thus, ZXUN series can be integrated into

any of the existing networks. A safe integration is also ensured by supporting the current

interfaces and signaling protocols towards the existing network elements.

2.5 Outstanding Reliability and Excellent Performance

Distributed processing design concept: The protocol processing units operate

independently to ensure excellent general performance. The failure of a unit does not

influence other processing units.

The high-performance processor chips ensure high processing capabilities of the system.

Network processor and high-performance embedded RISC processor are used in the



system to provide impetus and expansible communication functions for the system, and

prevent the processing capability from being a system bottleneck.

Perfect redundancy design:

� Key components such as service processing unit adopt 1+1 active/standby hot

backup mode, user plane processing units adopt N+M redundancy backup mode,

which provide automatic switching function and ensure uninterrupted running of

system.

� Interface boards can be deployed either in 1+1 active/standby mode or in load-

sharing mode.

� Intra chassis switching and communication adopt dual-star switching to avoid single

point failure.

� Hot plug-in is adopted for all boards for easy maintenance

� Multi-level of overload control mechanism and alarm function further ensure high

system reliability.

2.6 Abundant Service Functions

The system can support all PS data services, SMS service, mobile intelligent service,

and location service.

The system design meets the future communication development trend, and meets the

general structure requirements of mobile telecommunications systems such as EPS and

IN as well as the requirements of various new services.

2.7 Smooth Expansion Capabilities

Smooth evolution with Investment Protection: Since adopting the unified hardware,

hardware can be reserved when evolve from GSM/UMTS to LTE. So, hardware can be

shared and reused to protect hardware invests.

The system has hierarchical and modular structure and can be flexibly expanded and

applied. Flexible configuration is available for the user.

2.8 Convenient Operation Maintenance

B/S structure is adopted to ensure high networking capability and expandability of the

system.



The client embedded in browser provides user-friendly interfaces and flexible,

convenient and reliable operations.

It provides multiple remote and local system access ways. The O&M can be

implemented locally or remotely and can manage the whole system or some specific

entities.

It features reliable security and multi-level authorization protection.

With such functions as charging management, performance measurement, traffic

statistics, security management, service observation, user (equipment) tracing, signaling

tracing, data configuration, version upgrading, alarming, loading, data backup and

transmission, the system provides multiple accurate, reliable, practical and convenient

O&M approaches. In addition, functions can be added according to the actual network

operation and the operator’s requirements.

The O&M system provides user-friendly interfaces, comprehensive functionality and

flexible networking capability to implement centralized management over all kinds of

NEs of GSM/UMTS/LTE.



3 Functionality

ZXUN uMAC provides the following functions:

� Mobility Management

Mobility Management is one of the most essential basic functionalities in the mobile

network, enabling continuous service for the UE while subscriber is moving. Mobility

Management ensures the mobile aspect of the connection, including connection

over the radio interface, authentication, and routing area updates.

� Session Management

Session Management is one of the most essential basic functionalities in the mobile

network, enabling Internet Protocol (IP) data connections between the UE and the

network. It is responsible for allocating IP addresses for the connection, defining an

Access Point Name in the GGSN/PGW, and controlling PDP/Bearer contexts.

� QoS Management

Quality of Service is a basic function that allows operators to optimize the use of

network resources and accommodate traffic so that it satisfies the end-user needs.

Also, QoS makes it possible for operators to offer a richer variety of services and a

higher level of service personalization.

ZXUN uMAC can assign and limit different QoS to different subscribers classed by

IMSI ranges, e.g. if a roaming user subscribes in HLR a QoS of 256Kbps Max Bit

Rate, and IMSI is in the range with limit of 128Kbps MBR, then ZXUN uMAC

assigns QoS Less than or equal to 128Kbps MBR to the user, according to QoS

limit based on IMSI range.

� IMSI Range based Area Restriction

ZXUN uMAC can support IMSI range based area restriction. IMSI range can be

used to distinguish home subscribers and different VPLMN subscribers.

It allows operator to have the choice of restricting home subscribers or roaming

subscribers accessing in some route area or tracking area, e.g. restricting roaming

subscribers which have only 2G roaming agreement accessing from 3G network.

� IMSI Range based EPLMN List

ZXUN uMAC can configure IMSI range based EPLMN list, and then can send

different EPLMN list to subscribers in different IMSI ranges.



The maximum number of IMSI ranges is 16 and every IMSI range can be

configured with 15 EPLMNs.

� It allows subscribers to select other EPLMN that provides network service besides

their home PLMN. Multiple Access

ZXUN uMAC supports both Gb, Iu-PS, and S1 interfaces simultaneously to facilitate

2G/3G/LTE hybrid networking.

� Direct Tunnel Support

Direct Tunnel is deployed to separate Control Plane and User Plane in different

nodes to implement a flat network. After DT applies on UMTS network, User Plane

data transmits directly between RNC and GGSN, and SGSN is only responsible for

PDP contexts establishment and deletion. User Plane packets forwarding is no

longer in SGSN. Therefore network processing latency, which is especially

important for real-time services, is reduced. The flat architecture is also inline with

future network evolution.

� Short Message Service

SMS service is a text message service. ZXUN uMAC provides SMS services

including MS originated and MS terminated via MAP based Gd interface or SGsAp

based SGs interface.

� Mobile Intelligent Service

ZXUN uMAC supports CAMEL phase3 based intelligent service. It has SSP function

and can access mobile IN to provide multiple intelligent services for subscribers

including pre-paid service.

� IP Routing

The routing functions are needed on the Gn/Gp/S10/S11 interface to provide

connectivity to other GSNs (SGSNs/MME/GGSNs/SGW) and on Gb/Iu interface to

BSC and RNC if Gb/Iu over IP is adopted and on S1-MME interface to eNodeB.

ZXUN uMAC supports static routing as well as routing protocols including OSPF,

RIP, BGP and IS-IS.

� Lawful Interception

Lawful Interception (LI) ensures that the operator meets the local authority

requirements for interception of mobile user’s data call.

� Gb/Iu over IP

The Gb/Iu over IP feature makes it possible to transport Gb/Iu interface traffic on top

of IP. It is also helpful for the SGSN Pool networking to reduce transmission

resource requirement on Gb/Iu interface



� SGSN Pool

BSC/RNC connects all the SGSNs in the pool at the same time. If any SGSN fails,

the load is redistributed to other SGSNs in the pool. Inter SGSN RAU is replaced by

intra SGSN RAU when user moves in the pool, so signaling interchange is reduced.

� GGSN Selection based Redundancy

SGSN selects GGSN from the GGSN address list returned by DNS according to the

GGSN priorities. GGSN of highest priority will be selected first, when this GGSN

fails, less high GGSN will be selected instead. Multiple GGSNs can be put in the

same priority class. In the same priority class, GGSNs are selected by load-sharing

rule. With this feature, GGSN redundancy can be implemented.

� SS7 over IP

SIGTRAN is used to support SS7 protocols be transported on IP network.

� SGSN Charging

ZXUN uMAC supports Ga interface to connect CG adopting GTP’ protocol. Various

CDRs are generated by SGSN including S-CDR, M-CDR, SM-MO-CDR and SM-

MT-CDR. Charging on both data volume and duration are supported.

� S1 Flex

The eNodeB connects all the MMEs in the pool at the same time. If any MME fails,

the load will be redistributed to other MMEs in the pool. Inter MME TAU is replaced

by intra MME TAU when user moving in the pool, so signaling interchange is

reduced.

� PDN-GW Selection

ZXUN uMAC selects PDN-GW from the PDN-GW list returned by DNS. PDN-GWs

are selected according to their priority, static weight, topology relation and

availability. With this feature, PDN-GW redundancy is achieved..

� Serving-GW Selection

ZXUN uMAC selects Serving-GW from the Serving-GW list returned by DNS.

Serving-GWs are selected according to their priority, static weight, topology relation

and availability. With this feature, Serving-GW redundancy is achieved.

� IPv4v6 Dual Stack

IPv6 is considered as the next generation internet protocol to overcome the

shortage of IPv4 address. 3GPP has chosen IPv6 as one type of address allocated

for UE. ZXUN uMAC as MME supports MS attach request for IPv4v6 DS PDN and

IPv4v6 type bearer activation request.



� CSFB

Voice service in LTE era can be realized by CS Fallback (CSFB). The CSFB

solution redirects LTE UE to 2G/3G CS domain upon detection of a voice call and

thus reusing the CS infrastructure to support voice calls.

� SRVCC

Voice service in LTE era can also be realized by IMS. When UE moves from LTE

coverage to 2/3G coverage, SRVCC (Single Radio Voice Call Continuity)

technology will transfer voice call to CS domain without any interruption.



4 System Architecture

4.1 Product Physical Structure

ZXUN uMAC system is installed in the standard 19-inch Cabinet which has the internal

space of 47U, containing power distribution chassis, fan chassis, service chassis, air

deflector and dustproof chassis. The Cabinet appearance is shown in the following

figure.

Figure 4 ZXUN uMAC cabinet appearance and dimension



ZXUN uMAC adopts ZTE E8280 chassis which is based on ZTE ETCA platform and

fully compatible to ATCA standards. The dimension of 11U E8280 chassis is: 482.6 mm

× 607 mm× 486.1mm (Width × Depth × Height). The front and back views of ZXUN

uMAC chassis are shown as follows:

Figure 5 Front and back views of ZXUN uMAC chassis (E8280)

4.2 Hardware Architecture

ZTE hardware platform principle: This hardware platform adopts All-IP architecture to

meet the needs of smooth upgrading of R99, R44, R5, R6, R7, and R8 network. In

addition, this platform uses advanced electronic technology to improve the system

integrity and reduce the network construction cost.

Various Network Elements involved in ZTE R99, R4, R5/R6/R7/R8 networks, such as

MME, MSC, SGSN, MGW, MSC Server, MGCF, CSCF, and HLR/HSS, all utilize the

same hardware platform and share the same boards. Thus the consistency and the

reliability of the system are ensured.

4.2.1 Hardware Structure of EPC Unified Platform

� Based on Unified Hardware Platform , Possessing High Stability and Maturity

ALL-IP unified hardware platform (V4) is adopted, which guarantees the

consistency, service portability, system reliability and stability of the hardware for

2G/3G/LTE systems.

� Large Capacity, High Integration and Investment Protection

With today’s increased traffic and Declining ARPU, network elements are required

to have high capacity and less footprint. ZXUN uMAC needs only three chassis to

support 15 million subscribers and uses less equipment room area and power



supply system. Thus ZTE CN saves the investment of network construction for

operator.

� All-IP Hardware Platform, Easy Migration to All-IP Network

ZXUN (V4) hardware platform are based on all-IP architecture, adopts high-

performance packet processing platform of Crossbar technology and provides

80Gbps switching capability, which guarantee that WCDMA/EPC nodes will have no

congestion of switching capability.

� Abundant Interfaces and Supporting Various Networking Scenarios

ZXUN CN equipment supports the access interfaces such as E1, ATM STM-1, SDH

STM-1, FE etc. and different networking scenarios based on the practical

requirements. ZXUN CN equipment supports various applications, such as 2G

SGSN, 3G SGSN, 2G&3G SGSN, 2G&3G SGSN and MME, Pure MME etc.

� Support LTE access, as well as handover and roaming between 2G/3G and LTE

systems

ZTE WCDMA CN equipment supports GSM/GPRS/UMTS/EPS access, intra-MSC,

intra-SGSN, intra-MME, inter-MSC (2G-MSC and 3G-MSC), inter-SGSN (2G-SGSN

and 3G-SGSN), inter-MME handover and roaming. Various tests results of ZTE’s

handover process between 2G/3G/LTE systems demonstrate ZTE CN products to

be the best in industry.

4.2.2 ZXUN uMAC Hardware Structure

ZXUN uMAC system is based on ZTE ETCA hardware architecture. ETCA architecture

is an improvement on ATCA. ETCA is fully compatible with ATCA and both of them are

according to PICMG3.0 standard. Unlike RTM (Rear Transit Module) in ATCA, ETCA

rear board has signal connection with backplane, it means rear board is independent of

front one. Rear boards in ETCA not only provide connectivity for the system, but also

provide link layer processing, media processing and storage modules, which

dramatically increase the functionalities in one chassis. Following figure illustrates

hardware structure of ZXUN uMAC.



Figure 6 ZXUN uMAC Hardware Structure

The ZXUN uMAC system is composed by following boards and modules:

1. PPBB0: Packet Processing Blade B0, it can be configured as UOMP, USMP or

USUP logical module to implement corresponding service function.

� UOMP: Universal Operation Main Processor, it implements system control and

routing management functions and supports 1+1 active/standby redundancy,

every uMAC system needs one pair of UOMPs.

� USMP: Universal Service Main Processor, it implements service signaling

processing in Control Plane and supports 1+1 active/standby redundancy.

� USUP: Universal SGSN User Plane Processor, it implements packets

forwarding in 2G and 3G SGSN User Plane and supports N+M backup

mechanism.

2. PPBX0: Packet Processing Blade X0, UOMM (Universal Operation and

Maintenance Module) is implemented on this board for network management. It

supports 1+1 active/standby redundancy and every uMAC system needs one pair

of UOMM.



3. MPI: Multi-Protocol Interface board, It can be configured as UIPB for IP connection

with 4 GE copper or optical ports, USPB/UFRB for SS7 and FR connection

respectively with 32 E1/T1 ports.

4. API: ATM Protocol Interface board, UAPB (Universal ATM Process Board) is

implemented on this board for ATM connection at Iu interface with 4 STM-1 ports or

1 STM-4 port. UIMA (Universal Inverse Multiplexing over ATM) is also implemented

on API for IMA access.

5. BSW: Base Switch，logical name for uMAC system is UBSW (Universal Base

Switch). UBSW is adopted for Control Plane packets switching in one chassis or

between different chassis. Every UBSW provides 1Gbps switching capacity for

every front or rear slot and provides 4Gbps for the switching between different

chassis. UBSW supports 1+1 load-sharing redundancy, 2 UBSWs double the

switching capacity.

6. FSW: Fabric Switch, logical name for UMAC system is UFSW (Universal Fabric

Switch). UFSW is adopted for Media Plane packets switching in one chassis or

between different chassis. Every UFSW provides 1 Gbps switching capacity for

every front slot, 2Gbps for every rear slot and 20Gbps (2*10GE) for the switching

between chassis. UFSW supports 1+1 load-sharing redundancy, 2 UFSW double

the switching capacity.

4.3 Software Architecture

ZXUN uMAC software has a modular and hierarchical structure. Invoking between layers

is unidirectional in the primitive mode, while invoking between the modules of the same

layer is in the message interface mode. The interfaces between modules and layers are

clear, concise, and are easy to be upgraded. The independence of modules and

community of interfaces is emphasized. The ZXUN uMAC consists of a series of

functional subsystems, which are independent of each other, and communicates with

each other with the message mechanism. Each subsystem can further be divided into

multiple functional modules.

The ZXUN uMAC software system is composed of the operation supporting & HW,

TULIP, Telecom Application. Fig. 7 shows the system hierarchy.



Figure 7 Software hierarchy

ZXUN-uMAC software consists of such subsystems as bottom-layer drive module (BSP),

running support subsystem, IP protocol stack, database subsystem, network

management subsystem and service processing subsystem.

The relationship between modules is shown in the above figure.

The OS&HW provides a operating system environment for other modules.

In TULIP part, there are subsystems that are described as follows:

IP protocol stack provides static route, dynamic route and built-in route functions to

connect with the upper-level route directly.

The network management subsystem implements operation, maintenance, performance

statistics, data configuration and fault management functions for the uMAC subsystem.

The database subsystem, on the basis of the OS, is independent of the application

database system. It uses the object-oriented relation data mode to manage the data,

including defining, describing, operating and maintaining the data table. It can flexibly

provide and perform the system data configuration and provide data configuration and

maintenance and other functions. It also stores and manages the subscriber data and

other information, providing the service processing subsystem with efficient and reliable

data service.

The Telecom application implements service functions for subscribers, including

activation and mobility management.



5 Technical Specifications

5.1 Physical Indices

5.1.1 Mechanical Dimension

Outline dimension of cabinet:

2200mm * 600mm* 800mm (Height * Width * Depth)

5.1.2 Weight and Floor Bearing

The net weight of cabinet including power distribution module is 120kg.

The net weight of E8280 chassis with power module and fan array is 28kg

Full configured E8280 chassis is 95Kg

Floor bearing: Larger than 646kg/m2

5.1.3 Color

All sides of cabinet are dark blue (color code: ZX-01*02), except that frames and panel

are gray (color code: ZX-02*02).

5.2 Equipment Power

5.2.1 Power Supply Range

The system power supply is fully distributed. The power modules on the functional

boards convert and isolate -48V or -60V power supply into/from the power supply

needed by this board (such as +5V DC/+3.3V DC/+2.5V DC /+1.8V DC). In power board

design, the following factors are considered: EMC filtering, isolation, hot swappable,

power-on slow start, input over-current protection, output over-voltage protection and

power-on sequence.

Normal working voltage of the system: -60V to -40V for -48V,-72V to -50V for -60V.

For equipment with AC power as its primary power, such as a server, the nominal input

power is single-phase 220V AC power, the permitted input voltage ranges from 176V to

264V, and the frequency change ranges from 45 Hz to 65 Hz.

At the -48V or -60V power, inlet of the Cabinet is the power distribution module (PDM)

mounted at the top of the Cabinet. The EMC filter, the general power circuit breaker and

the circuit-breakers for the chassis are also installed at the inlet. The PDM module



supplies -48V or -60V power to service chassis and fan chassis individually through

independent busbar.

5.2.2 Power Consumption

The maximum power consumption of one chassis is less than 3500W

The maximum configuration of uMAC is 3 chassis in 2 cabinets. If the power

consumption is allowed, it is also possible to install 3 chassis in 1 cabinet.

5.3 Working Environment

5.3.1 Temperature and Humidity Requirements

The temperature and humidity requirements of the ZXUN uMAC are listed in Table 3.

Table 2 Environment Temperature and Humidity Requirements

Climatic Parameter

Normal Operating Condition

Exceptional Operating Condition

Temperature +5 to +40℃ -5 to 50℃

Relative Humidity 5 to 85% 5 to 90%

Absolute Humidity 1 to 25g/m3

1 to 25g/m3

Temperature Change

0.5℃/min 0.5℃/min

Note 1: The temperature and humidity of the operating environment inside the

equipment room are measured at the spot that is 1.5 m above the floor and 0.4 m in

front the equipment when there is no protective plate in front or back of the equipment

Cabinet.

Note 2: In exceptional Operating condition, equipment can keep operating for 96 hours

and the exceptional condition should not exceed 15 days in a year.

5.3.2 Cleanness Requirements

The concentration of dust particles with the diameter greater than 5µm should be ≤ 3 ×

104 particles/m3.

5.3.3 Air Pollution Requirements

Explosive, conductive, magneto conductive and corrosive dusts, as well as gases that

can corrode metal and affect insulation are not allowed.



5.4 Interface Indices

Complied standards and supported cables by interfaces of ZXUN uMAC are listed in

Table 3.

Table 3 ZXUN uMAC Interface Indices

Interface Type Physical Standard Cable Types

Gn � 100Mbps/1000Mbps Ethernet

� Category-5 twisted

pair/optical fiber

Gb � E1

� 100Mbps/1000Mbps Ethernet

� Coaxial cable


pair/optical fiber

IuPS � 100Mbps/1000Mbps Ethernet

� STM-1


pair/optical fiber

� Fiber jumper LC/PC-LC/PC

Ga � 100Mbps/1000Mbps Ethernet


pair/optical fiber

Gr/Gf/Ge/Gs � E1


� Coaxial cable


pair/optical fiber

S1-MME /S11/S10/Sv


� Category-5 twisted pair/optical fiber

S6a/S13/SGs � 100Mbps/1000Mbps Ethernet


pair/optical fiber

Network management


� Category-5 twisted pair

5.5 Capacity Indices

Capacity indices of ZXUN uMAC are listed in Table 4.

Table 4 ZXUN uMAC Typical Capacity Indices

Technical Features

Parameter Specific Indices

Capacity indices

Simultaneously attached users 2G/3G:12M

LTE:15M

Simultaneously activated PDP Contexts

2G/3G:24M

LTE:30M

eNodeB supported 10000

SGW supported 1024



Data throughput Gb over IP: 6.8Gbps

Iu over IP: 25.5Gbps

Concurrent bearers activated by a UE

11

Signaling indices

64Kbps links 5000

2Mbps links 320

Signaling points 255

Interface indices

FE interface 120

GE interface 120

E1 interface 960

STM interface 120 STM-1

5.6 Clock Indices

Clock indices of ZXUN uMAC are listed in Table 5.

Table 5 ZXUN uMAC Clock Indices


Clock Level Level-2 clock class A

Lowest clock accuracy ±4×10-7

Pull-in range ±4×10-7

Max. frequency deviation 10-9

/day

Initial max. frequency deviation

5×10-10

Clock working mode: Fast capture, locked, hold-over and free-run



6 Operation and Maintenance

NMS comprises operation & maintenance center (OMC) and charging management

parts. OMC provides perfect authentication mechanism to avoid illegal access. The

OMC comprises O&M server and O&M client. Charging management part includes CG

processing unit, charging client, and charging OMM server. The structure of NMS is as

shown in Figure 6.

OMC has powerful management capability. It provides centralized control of different

kinds of NEs in GPRS/WCDMA/EPS with powerful networking capability. It also provides

the cascading control and the reverse operation. It realizes remote access by accessing

WAN via routers. Q3 NM interface standard provides powerful interface control for NM

centers and integrates graphic interface and command line processing methods.

Figure 8 O&M System Structure

LAN

LAN

Internet

Router

CG2

OMC server

2G/3G/LTE NE group 1

Printer

Operation terminal

Disk arrayCG1

Charging and

operation server

2G/3G/LTE NE group 2

Operation terminal Printer

Router

WWW server DNS

Mail server

Redirected CG groupFTAM/FTP

Remote terminal

CG2Disk arrayCG1 Redirected CG group

Charging center

Up-level NMC

The charging operation server provides centralized configuration and processing of

circuit domain and packet domain, and also provides powerful charging mechanism



control so as to satisfy the charging content requirements in charging content time, flow,

quality and service. The dual-system is adopted to guarantee that charging operation

server is running without interruption. The charging system provides diversified

interfaces and FTP and FTAM file transmission mode to output bill contents. According

to software structure, NM system is divided into foreground module, server module and

client module. The whole software frame complies with TMN (telecommunication

network management) structure.

NMS comprises the following functional modules:

� Configuration management

� Performance management

� Fault management

� Diagnosis and test,

� Service observation,

� Signaling tracing,

� Security management

� Charging management.

6.1 Configuration Management System

The configuration management system provides user-friendly interfaces for the

configuration and management of network resources. The configuration management

system provides centralized configuration and management of the different kinds of NEs

in GPRS/WCDMA/EPS such as the configuration and management of physical

equipment, switch and signaling, and at the same time provides tools for data

transmission, data backup and recovery, and system initial configuration.

Before data configuration, to guarantee the version has been correctly installed and runs

normally, it is necessary to confirm the following data:

� Entity type of the current exchange, which is uMAC here.

� Cabinet configuration of the current exchange.

� Signaling point type of the current exchange, GT (Global Title) and IP address.

� The configuration data of the neighboring office of the current exchange: the type,

signaling point and associated mode (associated or quasi-associated) of each

neighboring office, signaling link coding and DNS address configuration.



6.2 Alarm Management System

The alarm management system consists of two parts: real-time current alarms display

and alarm-related operation.

6.3 Performance Management System

Current alarms of the device, communication, service and processor are displayed

through interfaces. Real-time display provides the detailed information of each alarm in

the list form, including alarm source, alarm level, alarm time, alarm content, alarm cause,

alarm type and additional information.

The performance management system provides statistic data about some performance

parameters and traffic data of the mobile system for reference by operation departments.

The maintenance client can define performance measurement flexibly. A performance

measurement job consists of the start/end time, days of duration, measurement object

set and granularity period. The maintenance client allows generating, deleting, modifing

and observing the performance measurement in real time.

The performance measurement has a wide coverage, ranging from traffic and signaling

performances, service quality measurement, network configuration verification,

availability measurement, throughput measurement and switching function

measurement.

6.4 Diagnosis Test System

The diagnosis test, a part of fault management, provides routine test and instant test for

the CS domain and PS domain devices of the core network for ensuring normal and

stable operation of the entire system. In daily maintenance, the diagnosis test is used to

test the physical devices and communication links through routine test. If the test result

is likely to be abnormal, the engineering personnel should pay enough attention to it and

take proper measures to avoid faults. In case of any fault, the diagnosis test helps the

engineering personnel in finding the fault cause and locating the fault quickly with the

instant test to remove the fault as soon as possible. This can also be used by the

engineering personnel to judge whether the equipment and even the entire system

resumes normal operation

ZXUN uMAC system adopts a multi-module & fully distributed control structure. Each

module consists of a series of basic units. The diagnosis test function is divided into

intra-module test and inter-module test. The intra-module test is used to test the

functions of the component units of the module, links between the units and MPs, and

speech channels between units and switching networks. The inter-module test is used to

test the communication and speech channels of the adjacent modules.



6.5 Signaling Tracing System

The signaling trace system performs tracing the signaling data of the network operation

and analyzes the service operation. It comprises No.7 signaling trace, circuit domain

signaling trace and packet domain signaling trace.

ZXUN uMAC signaling trace covers:

� Real time Tracing and displaying Diameter signaling, GTPC, S1AP signaling of S1-

uMAC interface and signaling of the S6a interface.

� Showing explanation for the signaling.

� Providing daily maintenance tools for data maintenance, such as tools for sorting,

filtering, searching and deleting the signaling trace records.

� Providing tools for reestablishing the database table for you to use to install the

database table for the first time or when the database table is damaged.

� Creating a new database table for the signaling trace record.

6.6 Service Observation System

The service observation system, as a part of the O&M system, is used to view the

service operation status of the NEs and conduct analysis and processing accordingly.

6.7 Variable Management System

The security variable system is used to maintain the service parameters that should be

modified dynamically. Currently, the parameters to be maintained are system control

parameter, EMM parameters, GTP parameters, SM parameters, packet domain NE

configuration parameters, authentication parameters and charging parameters.

The security variable functions modify data at the background and then transfer them to

synchronize the data of the foreground and the background, making the service

parameter configuration flexible.

The security variable system is used to configure the following parameters:

� System control parameters,

� Security parameters

� S1 interface parameters, and NE configuration parameters of packet domain



7 Reliability Design

7.1 System Reliability Design

Table 6 ZXUN uMAC Reliability Indices


Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) 148000hours

System Mean Time To Repair (MTTR) <30 minutes

System availability (A) >99.999％

System annual average interruption time <5 minutes

7.2 Hardware Reliability Design

7.2.1 EMC Design

EMC design of ZXUN uMAC system involves filtering, grounding, overlapping and

cabinet electromagnetic shielding. EMI power filter and lightening arrestor are used for

the power cables of the overall system. Filters are at the input/output terminals of power

modules boards.

Boards and parts must satisfy Grade B requirements of ESD air discharge ± 8KV and

touch discharge ± 6KV. To satisfy the requirements, the following measures should be

taken in addition to overlapping and shielding:

� Grounding points should be plenty and well distributed. They are well distributed on

the in-board sockets.

� Components (except indicators and switches) should be kept at a proper distance

from the panel (> 10 mm), away from panel edge.

� Holes for indicators and switches should be of proper size and there should be no

excessive gap.

� There is no wire alongside the panel edge. Any wire (except the indicator wire)

should be at least 5 ~ 10 mm away from the panel edge.

� The clock cable runs inside, not on the top or the bottom and should be as short as

possible.

� The devices to be used should be of high ESD protection level. Normally the ESD

of a device should be at least 2000V.



� The grounding wire layer should be larger than the boundary of the wires and

components. At the panel side, the grounding wires should be installed with at least

5mm spacing.

� The wires on the backplane must undergo crosstalk emulation Signal lines of high

working frequency should be suppressed and shielded as necessary.

� Boards and parts should bear anti-static labels.

7.2.2 Simplification Design

For the purpose of reliability, the system is designed in the following principles:

Simplifying the system structure and board circuits, reducing the quantity of devices on

the board, specifying uniform board signal definitions and implementing uniform

backplane design so that relevant function boards can be reused and mixed.

Reuse function and compatibility are fully recognized. For example, multiple function

boards are integrated into one board, and circuits of the same functions are integrated

into one standard circuit. Use more general-purpose devices/parts. General purpose

here means the compatibility inside this system and with other products. Units and

modules of the systems are designed according to relevant industry standards.

7.2.3 Redundancy Design

Redundancy design of the system is used for key-boards backup. Boards are backed up

as follows:

The Ethernet switching board, OMP and control plane service processing board are

exclusively backed up in 1+1 mode. The active/standby boards send "Heartbeat" signals

to each other through the internal Ethernet to detect the status of the other. The

changeover follows the active/standby changeover mechanism of the system. The active

and standby boards can not be online / offline at the same time and their data are

synchronized through the internal Ethernet.

The interface board is backed up in load-sharing mode.

7.2.4 Harsh Environment Resistance Design

ZXUN uMAC is an indoor product, which should be installed in the central equipment

room of good conditions. Air-conditioning is required. Thus, the product is not required to

be moisture-proof, smoke-proof, mould-proof, burglar-proof and water-proof. It is not

necessary to do “3Proof” processing to the boards.

To prevent any damage in shipping and storage, cabinets are well protected. The

cabinet surface is dust-proof and corrosion-proof.

Boards are shipped in the cabinet. Therefore cabinets are packed in vacuum pads and

shockproof foams. Since the cabinets are heavy, they are shipped in moisture-proof

crates.



8 Networking

ZXUN uMAC is a functional entity to establish the connection between eNodeB to PDN-

GWs. The configuration and networking of uMAC are very flexible.

The national PS network backbone comprises several regional nodes that are

connected to each other in mesh. A pair of top-level Domain Name Servers (DNS) is

configured on the national network, responsible for domain names that cannot be

translated by provincial DNS. The provincial networks access the backbone network

nodes through Routers. Routers are usually set in pairs, for accessing different

backbone nodes to ensure the network reliability.

The logic structure of the national backbone network is as shown in Figure 9.

Figure 9 PS/EPS Backbone Network

When the EPS backbone network based on the national IP backbone network, no new

routing device is necessary. But when it does not depend on the national IP backbone

network, the regional nodes can be connected through the dedicated line.

There are multiple networking schemes for the provincial PS backbone network

construction.

When there is an IP backbone network in a province, the uMAC serves as the node to

access the IP backbone network.

When there is no IP backbone network in the province, the provincial backbone network

may have one or multiple backbone nodes according to the capacity at the beginning of

the network construction. When the needs for the PS are not great and are centralized in

only a few cities, the uMAC and SAE-GW in these cities are usually connected through



the LAN in order to reduce the cost and speed up the network construction. In some

local networks, there are only SAE-GW but no uMACs. In this case, the provincial

network accesses the national backbone network through the routers and the local

networks can be connected through the dedicated leased circuit.

In a signaling network, the uMAC communicates with HLR through the SS7 network.

This network is simple in structure and provides the packet service throughout the

province quickly.

If the need for the EPS is great, there will be many backbone nodes in the province. The

backbone nodes are responsible for service convergence in some areas and they are

interconnected into a mesh network. The provincial backbone network is connected to

the national backbone network. If there is an IP backbone network in the province, the

uMACs are directly connected to the IP backbone network.

The following configuration modes for the EPS local network construction are available

according to the EPS volume.

Mode 1: The uMAC is needed in the local network, but the SAE-GW is not needed.

Mode 2: Multiple uMAC and SAE-GW are needed in the local network.

In Mode 1, only the uMAC is configured in the local network and different local networks

share one SAE-GW. In this case, the uMAC is only responsible for the EPS subscribers

in the local network. The uMAC is connected to the outside through the provincial

backbone nodes.

In Mode 2, there is a great need for the EPS in the local network, so multiple

uMACs/SAE-GWs should be set. All the nodes can be placed together to connect each

other through the LAN or placed separately through the MAN.

At the initial stage of EPS network construction, the capacities of the uMAC and SAE-

GW are small, so they can be combined into one in structure (but they are two entities to

outside). The combined uMAC provides WAN S11 and SGi interfaces for other uMACs

and SAE-GWs, but uses an Ethernet interface for the local SAE-GW. The S11 interface

between the combined uMAC and SAE-GW adopts the standard protocol. When

combined into one, no separate Cabinet are installed for the SAE-GW. In this case, as

the SAE-GW capacity is small, the uMAC and SAE-GW can use one router to connect

the EPS backbone network or the external PDN.

The networking structure of the SAE-GW and the uMAC in the same LAN is as shown in

Figure 10.



Figure 10 Networking Mode of xGW and uMAC Belonging to same LAN

ZXUN-xGW

Firewall

ZXUN-

uMAC

IW/GMSC

MSCS /VLR

HSS/HLR/AUC

No7 signaling

network

Internet

GERAN/UTRAN/

EUTRAN

IP backbone

IP

backbone

DHCP ZXWN-CG ZXWN-OMCDNS

If the address pool mode is used or the IP address of the mobile phone is static, then the

DHCP server is not necessary. In addition, as the uMAC and SAE-GW are both

connected to the EPS backbone network, the DNS can be the DNS on the EPS

backbone network.

The independent networking mode is often used. In this mode, the ZXUN uMAC is

connected to the ZXUN uMAC or others vendors’ uMAC through the EPS backbone

network.



Acronyms and Abbreviations

Name Explanation

2G Second Generation

3G the third Generation mobile communications

3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project

3GPP2 Third Generation Partnership Project 2

ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode

AUC Authentication Center

AVP Attribute Value Pair

BOSS Business Operator and Supporting System

BSC Base Station Controller

CAMEL Customized Application for Mobile network Enhanced Logic

CAP CAMEL Application Part

CAPEX Capital Expenditure

CBC Content Based Charging

CCG Content based Charging Gateway

CDMA Code Division Multiple Access

CDMA2000 Code Division Multiple Access-2000

CG Charge Gateway

CN Core Network

CS Circuit Service

CSCF Call Session Control Function

EIR Equipment Identity Register

EPS Evolved Packet System

EUTRAN Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network

FTP File Transfer Protocol

GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node

GPRS General Packet Radio Service



GSM Global System for Mobile communications

HLR Home Location Register

HSS Home Subscriber Server

IM-SSF IMS – Service Switch Function

IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem

IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity

IOT Inter-Operation Test

ITU International Telecom Union

LAI Location Area Identity

MAP Mobile Application Part

MME Mobility Management Entity

MMS Multimedia Message Services

MS Mobile Station

MSC Mobile Switching Center

MTBF Mean Time Between Failures

MSISDN MS ISDN

NAT Network Address Translation

NM Network Management

NRI Network Resource Identifier

OMC Operation and Maintenance Center

OCS Online Charging System

OPEX Operating Expense

PDP Packet Data Protoco1

PLMN Public Land Mobile Network

POS Packet Over SONET/SDH

PS Packet Service

QoS Quality of Service

R99 3GPP Release V.99

R5 3GPP Release V.5

R4 3GPP Release V.4



RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial In User Service

RAN Radio Access Network

RANAP Radio Access Network Application Part

RNC Radio Network Controller

RNS Radio Network Subsystem

RRU Remote Radio Unit

SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol

SGW Serving Gateway

SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node

SIGTRAN Signaling Transport

SMS Short Message Service

SMSC Short Message Service Center

SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

SS7 Signaling System Number 7

TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

TD-SCDMA Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access

UMTS Universal mobile telecommunication system

WAP Wireless Application Part

WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access

ZXUN ZTE unified core network

ZXUN GGSN The GGSN in ZTE unified core network subsystem

ZXUN SGSN The SGSN in ZTE unified core network subsystem

ZXUN HLR/AUC The HLR/AUC in ZTE unified core network subsystem

ZXUN MGW The MGW in ZTE unified core network subsystem

ETCA MME and SGSN)

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