Estonian Musicians and Palaces
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Transcript of Estonian Musicians and Palaces
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Different cultures, similar people "Unity in Diversity"
Musicians and palaces of Estonia
Musicians of Estonia
People of Estonia love music. Every five years, in Tallinn, there is a cultural event- the Song
Festival. It is the Estonian Song and Dance Celebration which involves people from all over
Estonia as well as other countries. 905 choirs and 26, 430 singers and musicians performed in Song
Celebration and XVIII Dance Celebration with the theme "In one breathe."
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There are several yearly music festivals of Estonia. `Days of Estonian Music` is the festival of
the Estonian music. It is a tradition which came into being in 1979. It is the biggest local event
and an opportunity for the majority of composers to present their new ideas and compositions.
Today the Estonian National Symphony Orchestra has 100 musicians. The average season
includes 60 concerts.
Estonia has a number of classical composers of high repute during the twentieth century,
including Rudolf Tobias (18731918), Heino Eller (18871970), Artur Kapp (18781952), Artur
Lemba (18851963), Mart Saar (18821963), Lepo Sumera (19502000), Eduard Tubin (1905
1982) and the living composers such as Ren Eespere (1953), Ester Mgi (1922), Arvo
Prt(1935), Urmas Sisask (1960), Veljo Tormis (1930) and Erkki-Sven Tr (1959).
Rudolf Tobias (29. mai 1873 Kina, Hiiumaa29. oktoober 1918 Berliin)
was the first Estonian professional composer, as well as a professional organist. He studied at the
Saint Petersburg Conservatory. His compositions include among others piano works, string
quartets and an oratorio,Des Jona Sendung(Jonah's Mission) (1908, revised and premiered 1909,
later reconstructed by Vardo Rumessen).
Heino Eller (7 March 188716 June 1970) was an Estonian composer
and composition teacher. Eller was born in Tartu, where he took private lessons in violin and
music theory, played in several ensembles and orchestras, and performed as violin soloist. In1907 he entered the Saint Petersburg Conservatory to study violin. From 1908 to 1911 he was a
law student. In 1920 Eller graduated from the conservatory renamed to Petrograd Conservatory.
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In 1940 he became a professor of composition at the Tallinn Conservatory and taught there until
his death in 1970. He was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1967.
Eller was a legendary teacher of composition. The school he formed in Tartu counterbalanced the
so-called Tallinn school headed by Artur Kapp. Ellers pedagogical talent is versatile. The list of
his pupils offers the best proof of this: each of them has created a distinguished original style.
Artur Kapp (28 February 187814 January 1952) was an Estonian
composer. He was the son of Joosep Kapp, who was also a classically trained musician. Kapp
began his musical career studying organ at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory as a student of
both Louis Homilius and composition with Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov in 1891. Kapp graduated
from the Conservatory in 1900 as a composer and from 1904 until 1920 worked as a music
director in the southern Russian city of Astrakhan, then returning to Estonia as a professor and
conductor at the Tallinn Conservatory where he counted among his students such future notable
Estonian composers as Evald Aav, Edgar Arro, Gustav Ernesaks, Helen Tobias-Duesberg, Riho
Pts and Enn Vrk. He is, along with Rudolf Tobias (1873-1918), generally considered to be one
of the founders of Estonian symphonic music.
Kapp's son Eugen (19081996) and nephew Villem (19131964) became notable
composers as well, having studied at the Tallinn Conservatory under direction of the elder Kapp.
Some of Kapp's most enduring works are the 1899 overtureDon Juan and the 1900 cantata
Paradiis ja Peri ("Paradise and Peri"), both of which are large scale works that prominentlyfeature the organ. He is possibly best recalled for his oratorioHiiob ("Job") andMetsateel("On
A Road Through The Woods"), a piece for solo voice. Kapp's work is abundant and diverse and
covers many classical genres. He wrote five symphonies, five concertos, overtures, four
orchestral suites, in addition to the above.
He died in 1952 at the age of 73. His professional career spanned more than five decades.
In 1998, the annual Suure-Jaani Music Days festival was founded to celebrate Artur Kapp's
musical legacy, as well as that of his sons and fellow composer Mart Saar (1882-1963), who was
also from the area. The Festival is organized by the Eesti Kontsert in conjunction with the town
of Suure-Jaani and the International Artur Kapp Society. The venues for performances include
Lutheran and Orthodox churches, the Kapp Museum, and the song festival stage.
Arvo Prt was born on 11 September 1935. He is an Estonianclassical composer and one of the most prominent living composers of sacred music. Since the
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late 1970s, Prt has worked in a minimalist style that employs his self-made compositional
technique, tintinnabuli. His music also finds its inspiration and influence from Gregorian chant.
Prt was born in Paide, Jrva County, Estonia. A prolonged struggle with Soviet officials
led him to emigrate with his wife and their two sons in 1980. He lived first in Vienna, Austria,
where he took Austrian citizenship, and then re-located to Berlin, Germany. He returned to
Estonia around the turn of the 21st century and now lives in Tallinn.
The girl band Vanilla Ninja are one of the best-known Estonians in popular music, having had success in several Central European countries.
Palaces of Estonia
Estonia has been ruled by Germans, Danes, Swedes and Russians. All theseconquerors have left behind fortified buildings and estates, many of which are still
visible today. Before the conquests, Estonian counties also had traditional fortified
centers which were not elaborate in design but nevertheless efficient. The variety of
historical buildings in our country is surprisingly large. There are fortresses andbishops castles from the 12-16th centuries, stately homes and palaces from the 17-
19th centuries and estates built in the early 20th century, combining the architecturalvarieties of the times with the somewhat rural characteristics of Estonian design.
Every county has a large city functioning as its centre and housing a castle andmanors around it, such as Tallinn, Haapsalu, Kuressaare, Paide, Pltsamaa, Viljandi
etc. Many country estates can also be found situated more aside from the current main
roads, such as Pdaste in Muhu island. Many of these have been well restored in the
past 10 years and offer a comprehensive view of what life was like in the past of thesebuildings.
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Kadriorg Palace, Tallinn
Kadriorg is the palace and park ensemble with several museums. It is located 2 km. from
the center of Tallinn. Originally, Kadriorg park was located on 120 acres, today - at 85
hectares. Kadriorg is one of the best works of masters of the XVIII century, created bythe order of Peter I during the Northern War(17001721).
Kadriorg Palace, Tallinn, was built from 17181736. It was designed for Peter the
Great by an Italian architect Niccolo Michetti after Estonia had been conquered by
Russia in the Great Northern War.
This place Tsar Peter I named in honor of his wife Catherine I. The palace wascompleted only after the death of Peter I.All Russian rulers always stayed in Kadriorg.Now it is the Art Museum of Estonia.
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Toompea Castle
Toompea Castle is a castle on the limestone hill of Toompea in the central part ofTallinn, which for a time was also one of the names for the whole settlement of Tallinn
during the times of Danish Estonia in the 13th and 14th centuries.
In 1219, the castle was taken over by Danish crusaders - led by Valdemar II.
The much-rebuilt Toompea Castle, topped by the Pikk Hermann tower, still dominates
Toompea today. It houses the Parliament of Estonia. Other sights in the vicinity of
Toompea Castle include the Russian Orthodox cathedral dedicated to AlexanderNevsky, which was completed in 1900 and now partially overtops the castle.
Maarjame Palace, Tallinn
Maarjame Palace is now home to a large-scale exhibition devoted to the Republic of
Estonia. It tells the story of the birth, development, occupation and regained
independence of the republic. A variety of objects, documents and stories highlight
Estonians desire for freedom and self-determination throughout the 20th century.
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Palmse Palace
Palmse is the best known and probably best preserved of the manors in
Lahemaa National Park. It was the first that has been restored to its former splendour.
The house is like a complete little palace with everything a baroque palace requires:the gate and cour d'honneur in front, the residential quarters with separate apartments
for husband and wife, a festival hall, the park behind with a landscape garden, a lake
and several small park buildings. At the same time it is a farm and enterprise with the
necessary economy buildings.
Presented by
ESTONIA
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