ESTIME project --- Elaboration of country leaflets

ESTIME – Amman - April 2005

ESTIME project ESTIME project ------

Elaboration of country leafletsElaboration of country leaflets

Françoise Laville, Jean ThèvesObservatory of Science and Technology (OST),

Paris, France


Presentation byPresentation by OSTOST

Methodology used by OST Production of leaflet – model Needs and further work


Presentation by OSTPresentation by OST

ESTIME : project devoted to analysis and evaluation of the R&DI system of partner countries

OST work : production of indicators on the R&DI system based on OST database


ESTIME general context (1)ESTIME general context (1) Evaluating the R&DI system of the countries based on:

Macro-analysis based on OST indicators Country surveys done by ESTIME researchers ; Exploitation of local data/information sources ;

Strategic country reports


ESTIME general context (2)ESTIME general context (2)

Macro-analysis done by OST : Country report based on indicators calculated with OST

database; Integrating country local data to produce more complete

« leaflets »; Contribution to the strategic country report


Description of a « leaflet »Description of a « leaflet »

Country report based on quantitative indicators for : In first approach 8 countries of the 12 involved in the

project Context countries chosen by ESTIME members

Describing the National RDI system in order to get better visibility of the Mediterrean Country Partners


General plan of a leaflet (1)General plan of a leaflet (1) General data on the country studied « Input » indicators:

Funding and expenditures for R&D (GERD) R&D personnel and researchers

« Output » indicators based on: Scientific publications and co-publications Citations (visibility of the publications) Patents (technology)


General plan of a leaflet (2)General plan of a leaflet (2) Student mobility

Number of students of the country enrolled in higher education in other countries (EU25, USA…)

European Framework program participations Participations in FP 4 and FP 5 Co-participations of the country with EU25 countries


Methodological aspects : publications Methodological aspects : publications (1/4)(1/4) Database : SCI expanded (from ISI-Thomson Scientific)

Set of a few thousand internationally recognised journals (extended version) (without SHS)

ISI specialities = set of journals OST disciplines = group of ISI specialities OST sub-disciplines = group of ISI specialities based on citation

network

Limitations of the source No data for Palestinian Authorities Only country level for MPC (no lab address) No SHS indicators No local journals


Methodological aspects : type of counting (2/4)

« Fractionnal » counting : contributioncontribution of a country to an article: additionnal additionnal

« Distinct integer » counting : participationparticipation of a country to an article if in the publication: not not additionnaladditionnal


Methodological aspects : Methodological aspects : Leaflet Leaflet indicators (3/4)indicators (3/4) Indicators used in the leaflets:

World share of publications: Country total publications / world total

Specialisation index: For one country : discipline world share / all disciplines world

share Internationalisation of publications:

For one country : International co-publications / total publications

List of partnerships Visibility indicators:

Citation ; impact; etc…


Methodological aspects Methodological aspects : visibility : visibility indicators (4/4)indicators (4/4)

Calculation of articles’ citations in a 2 years window For each article, within 2 years following publication,

count of number of times the article was cited. Citation world shares : Country total citations / world

total citations Impact index

Ratio on citation number to publication number in one discipline and/or country. An impact index is bigger than 1 if in the discipline considered, there are more citations than articles.


Methodological aspects : studentsMethodological aspects : students

Foreign students in Higher Education Use of OECD database Data based on national reports from countries ; no

systematic report National reports on enrolled foreign students

For the leaflets: Tertiary education corresponds to ISCED 5 + ISCED 6 No data on degrees awardedawarded for foreign students


Methodological aspects: participations Methodological aspects: participations in FPin FP

Number of participations in EU framework program (FP4 and FP5):

Use of CORDIS database Indicators on co-participation in projects

No data on FP6 at that time in the OST database…


Need of more data for Need of more data for inputinput indicators indicators

Data too old (1996 or 1997) or missing Input indicators

General characteristics on country (GDP, labor force..) Data on R&D : funding sources, sectors of expenditures Data on human resources (researchers or/and R&D

personnel)


Need of more data for ouput indicatorsNeed of more data for ouput indicators

For most of the studied countries no data in international patent databases (EPO, WIPO..)

Technological production of these countries based on local patenting


Data used in a leaflet: Algeria, TunisiaData used in a leaflet: Algeria, Tunisia


Input indicators: Tunisia: GERD/GDPInput indicators: Tunisia: GERD/GDP

Evolution of GERD/GDP (%)

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Tunisia

Tunisian Ministry data

in %


Input indicators: Tunisia: GERD/GDPInput indicators: Tunisia: GERD/GDP

Sources of funds 1997 2000

Public 87,8 90,0

Private 8,2 7,0

Abroad 4,0 3,0

Total 100,0 100,0

GERD volume (M$) 137,9 264,4UNESCO data OST - 2005

Repartition (%)


Organisation chart of AlgeriaOrganisation chart of Algeria


Science indicators : world shares of publications for Science indicators : world shares of publications for Algeria and context contriesAlgeria and context contries

South Africa

Chile Thailand

Discipline

1993 1997 2001 Evolution 2001/1993

(%)

Evolution 2001/1997

(%)Fundamental biology 0,07 0,10 0,06 - 24 - 43 2,33 1,62 0,98Medical research 0,11 0,06 0,08 - 34 + 17 3,83 1,63 1,43Applied biology-ecology 0,22 0,22 0,22 + 1 + 3 10,41 3,30 1,94Chemistry 0,37 0,49 0,62 + 70 + 26 2,39 1,84 0,99Physics 0,51 0,62 0,73 + 43 + 17 1,71 1,13 0,33Astro and Geo- sciences 0,25 0,30 0,41 + 62 + 34 7,34 3,90 1,12Engineering 0,33 0,39 0,73 + 119 + 85 2,96 1,16 1,32Mathematics 0,45 0,43 0,63 + 41 + 45 3,77 2,33 0,35

Total 0,24 0,27 0,34 + 40 + 28 3,80 1,82 1,12

Number of publications 148 186 244 + 65 + 31 2 711 1 296 800ISI-Thomson scientific data, OST computing OST - 2005

World shares (‰) of scientific publications (fractional counts)

2001

Algeria


World shares of scientific publications for Algeria World shares of scientific publications for Algeria (1993, 1997, 2001)(1993, 1997, 2001)

0,00

0,10

0,20

0,30

0,40

0,50

0,60

0,70

0,80

Fundamental

biology

Medical

research

Applied biology -

ecology

Chemistry Phy sics Astro and Geo-

sciences

Engineering Mathematics Total

1993 1997 2001

World shares (‰)

ISI-Thomson scientific data, OST computing


Repartition (%) of scientific publications for Algeria Repartition (%) of scientific publications for Algeria for 8 disciplines and evolution (1993, 1997, 2001)for 8 disciplines and evolution (1993, 1997, 2001)

0,0

5,0

10,0

15,0

20,0

25,0

30,0

35,0

Fundamental

biology

Medical

research

Applied biology -

ecology

Chemistry Phy sics Astro and Geo-

sciences

Engineering Mathematics

1993

1997

2001


in (%)


Science indicators : world specialisation index of Science indicators : world specialisation index of publications for Algeria (1993, 2001)publications for Algeria (1993, 2001)

Algeria specialisation index

0,00

1,00

2,00

3,00Fundamental biology

Medical research

Applied biology-ecology

Chemistry

Physics

Astro and Geo- sciences

Engineering

Mathematics

1993

2001

ISI data, OST treatments


Science indicators : impact index of publications for Science indicators : impact index of publications for Algeria (and context countries)Algeria (and context countries)

0,00

0,10

0,20

0,30

0,40

0,50

0,60

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Impa

ct in

dex

Chile

South Africa

Thailand

Algeria



Cordis (EU) indicators : participations in 5th FP Cordis (EU) indicators : participations in 5th FP

Country EESD INCO 2 LIFE QUALITYAlgeria 1 21 1Cordis data, OST computing OST - 2005

Participations in 5th FP (types of programs)


OECD indicators : Algerian students abroadOECD indicators : Algerian students abroad

Host country

1998 2002 Evolution 2002/1998 (%)

France 16 074 14 056 - 13Germany 408 335 - 18United-Kingdom 222 314 + 41Belgium* 448 407 - 9Italy 66 58 - 12Spain 99 133 + 34United-States 188 196 + 4Japan 12 16 + 33OECD data on education, OST computing OST - 2005

Foreign Algerian students enrolled in :


OECD indicators : Algerian students abroadOECD indicators : Algerian students abroad

Host country 1998 2002 Evolution 2002/1998 (%)France 10,86 8,50 - 22

Germany 0,24 0,16 - 33

United-Kingdom 0,11 0,14 + 30

Belgium* 1,24 1,01 - 19

Italy 0,28 0,20 - 28

Spain 0,34 0,30 - 13

United-States 0,04 0,03 - 23

Japan 0,03 0,03 - 25OECD data on education, OST computing OST - 2005

Ratio (%) of Algerian students to total foreign enrolled students


Summary of OST’s needsSummary of OST’s needs

Type of dataAlgeria Egypt Jordan Lebanon Morocco Syria Tunisia Palestinian

AuthorityGERD 1996 2000 1996 1996 1996 1996 2003Funding sources 2000Sectors of expendituresResearchers 1996 1996 1998 1996 1996 1997 1999R&D personnel 1996 1996 1998 1996 1996 1997 1999Patents (Nat. Off.) 1999 1999 1999Enrollment of students in higher educationGraduated students

Status of data per country

ESTIME project --- Elaboration of country leaflets

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