M

Saruul-Erdene Myagmar

Color Symbolization of Mongolian Toponyms

One thing Mongolia is very wealthy in is toponyms.Though it is not possible to analyze all of them, we can list some of the most frequently found kinds. Mongolian toponyms are mostly named:

1. for plants, trees and fruits. Khustain nuruu Mountain range with the Birches, Burgast uul Mountain with the willows

2. for minerals. Toemort gol River with Iron, Davst nuur Salty lake

3. for the animals. Zagast nuur Lake with the fishes, Chandagat uul Mountain with the white hares

4. for tribal or ethnic names. Oeoldiin Ulaan Khad Red Rock of the Oold, Khalkhiin Gurvan Orgil Three Peaks of the Khalkha

5. for the historical events monuments and inscriptions. Bichigtiin buuts Site with the Inscription, Shajin Khurakhiin am Valley for Gathering the Religious

6. for a persons proper name or rank. Donoin khoendii Donois Valley, Taijiin nuur Nobles lake

7. for quality. Dulaan uul Warm Mountain, Gashuun gol Bitter River

8. for size. Ikh uul Great Mountain, Baga nuur Small lake

9. for direction. Zueunbayan East Rich, Oemno gol South River

10. for shape. Gozgor Oendor uul Thin and Tall Mountain, Murui us Curved Water

11. for weather Salkhit uul Windy Mountain, Boroo gol Rain River

12. for the stars and the planets. Altan gadas gol North Star River, Tsolmonginn khets Steep hillside of Venus

13. for number Khos gol Pair rivers, Zuunmod Hundred trees

14. for religious terms. Ongon uul Sacred Mountain, Burkhantiin khoendii Valley with Buddha

15. for the colors.

In this paper we will analyze Mongolian toponyms named for their colors and try to determine what colors are more common for what kind of toponyms and what the color names could symbolize. Our toponyms resource is Sh.Shagdars Mongol Gazarzuin Neriin Tovch Toli Bichig A Concise Dictionary of Mongolian Geographical names, which has about 8000 place names, including about 4200 mountains, steppes and valleys, 520 rivers, 230 lakes and about 290 deserts.

We registered 830 toponyms (more than 10 percent of all geographical names) with color names from the dictionary. But not all of those 830 are toponyms with color names. If color adjectives were not directly connected to the main geographical names, for instance Khar yamaat uul Mountain with the Black goats or Tavan Ulaan Chuluut uul Mountain with Five Red Stones, we did not register them. If two or more variants of the same place all included color words, for instance Tsagaan nuur and Tueshig tsagaan nuur, we counted only one of them. When a place was also called by another toponym with a color word, we considered only the primary toponym. For example, Shargiin gol is not Yellow River, it is Shargiin (Gobiin) gol River of the Yellow Gobi

If we added all those additional names to our list it would be much longer, for instance the name Tsagaan chuluut With White stones can stand alone for 18 places..

1. Statistics Color toponyms

Total:

830

Oronyms (that is dry land place names):691

Mountains and hills:582

Steppes and valleys:69

Deserts:

26

Rocks and caves:5

Others:

9

Hydronyms:139

Lakes:

90

Rivers:

35

Springs:

12

Waterfalls:

2

1.1. Tsagaan. WhiteTotal:

185 (22.2%)

Oronyms:137

Mountains and hills:116

Steppes and valleys:12

Deserts:

5

Rocks and caves:4

Hydronyms: 48

Lakes:

31

Rivers:

13

Springs:

4

The most common color in Mongolian geographical names is Tsagaan. Statistics show that steppe and gobi areas have the most White places. Suekhbaatar aimag alone has 17 tsagaan mountains, 3 tsagaan lakes and Dornod aimag has 8 tsagaan mt.s and 4 tsagaan rivers.

1.2. Ulaan. Red

Total:

142 (17.1%)

Oronyms:115

Mountains and hills:104

Steppes and valleys:8

Deserts3

Hydronyms:27

Lakes:

19

Rivers:

4

Springs:

4

Most of the toponyms containing the word Ulaan pertain to Mountains. There are many red places in the Gobi. Dornogobi and Dundgobi aimag alone have 12 ulaan lakes (out of a total 19 ulaan lakes).

1.3. Khar. Black

Total:

103 (12.4%)

Oronyms:87

Mountains and hills:75

Steppes and valleys:7

Gobis and pebbles:5

Hydronyms:16

Lakes:

14

Rivers:

2

Black is not a common word for hydronyms, especially for rivers.

1.4. Khoekh. Blue, dark blue

Total:

72 (8.67%)

Oronyms:61

Mountains and hills:54

Steppes and valleys:4

Deserts:

3

Hydronyms:11

Lakes:

7

Rivers and waterfalls: 3

Springs:

1

Khoekh is not a common word for rivers. Blue rivers are mostly named with a similar color term Tsenkher Light Blue.

1.5. Shar and Sharga. Yellow and Yellowish

Total:

65 (7.83%)

Oronyms:56

Mountains and hills:44

Steppes and valleys:7

Deserts:

4

Cave:

1

Hydronyms:9

Lakes:

5

Rivers:

4

1.6. Khuren. Brown, Dark brownTotal:

52 (6.26%)

Oronyms:52

Mountains and hills:44

Steppes and valleys:7

Gobi:

1

There is no Khuren or Brown hydronym. This color is only used for oronyms. Mostly for mountains.

1.7. Bor. Brown, Light brownTotal:

51 (6.14%)

Oronyms:51

Mountains and hills:33

Steppes and valleys:12

Deserts:

6

Bor is also only an oronym color. But unlike Khuren, it can also name valleys and deserts.

1.8. Buural. Grey

Total:

27 (3.25%)

Oronyms:27

Mountains and hills:26

Valley:

1

1.9. Alag. Multi-coloredTotal:

25 (3.01%)

Oronyms:22

Mountains and hills:21

Sair (place with pebbles):

1

Hydronyms: 3

Lakes:

1

Rivers:

2

1.10. Ereen. Parti-colored

Total:

20 (2.41%)

Oronyms:17

Mountains and hills:17

Hydronyms:3

Lakes:

2

Springs:

1

1.11. Khongor. Yellowish-red

Total:

20 (2.41%)

Oronyms:19

Mountains and hills:18

Sand:

1

Hydronym:1

River:

1

1.12. Tsenkher. Blue, Light blue

Total:

12 (1.44%)

Oronyms:7

Mountains and hills:2

Deserts:5

Valley:

1

Hydronym:5

Rivers:

5

The least used color for mountains is tsenkher. Mountains are mostly Khoekh. We have 5 tsenkher rivers but no tsenkher lakes. Lakes are also khoekh. So we can say that Khoekh can symbolize stableness, whereas tsenkher symbolize unstableness.

1.13. Ukhaa. Reddish

Total:

11 (1.32%)

Oronyms:11

Mountains and hills:9

Valleys:

2

1.14. Gyalgar and Gyalaan. Shiny, bright (In Western dialects Gyalaan means White )

Total:

10 (1.20%)

Oronyms:4

Mountains and hills:3

Valleys:

2

Hydronyms:6

Lakes:

4

Rivers:

2

It is one of the only two colors that occurs more in hydronyms than oronyms.

1.15. Nogoon. GreenTotal:

8 (0.96%)

Oronyms:7

Mountains and hills:5

Step and valleys:2

Hydronyms:1

Springs:1

The least used basic color name for toponyms is nogoon. .

1.16. Tsegeen. Whitish

Total:

7 (0.84%)

Oronyms:1

Gobi:

1

Hydronyms:6

Lakes:

5

River:

1

Tsegeen is one of only two color names that occurs more in hydronyms than oronyms. This color is the only colour name that never occurs in mountain names. Tsegeen is semantically and phonologically between Tsagaan and Tsenkher.

1.17. Khaltar. Blackish

Total:

6 (0.72%)

Oronyms:6

Mountains and hills:4

Gobi:

1

Valley:

1

1.18. Others

Our list has other 4 khaliun bay, dun mountains, 2 tsookhor spotted lakes and a mountain, 1 yagaan pink mountain and another yagaan steppe, 2 zagal white with other colors mountains and 1 saaral grey gobi, one tsekher milky-white mountain and river.

2. Color symbolization in the color toponyms

The color names in Mongolian toponyms are mostly represent the real colors of the places. Tradition of naming places for their colors is very ancient but it still continues. In fact, in 1957, because of an eruption, there were established some lakes in the Gobi Altai. The new lakes were light green, dark green and black. At first scientists called them Bituutiin Nogoon nuur Green lake of Bituut, Uliastain Nogoon nuur Green lake of Uliastai and Uliastain Khar nuur Black lake of Uliastai. But later local people changed those names into Oyu turquoise, Nomin azure and Binderiya lapis lazuli, the jewel stones with the same colors.

But color names of toponyms not always stand for the natural color of the place. The most frequent color toponyms are tsagaan, ulaan, khar, khoekh (tsenkher) and shar (sharga). These five color names occur in almost 70% of all Mongolian color toponyms. In ancient Mongolian and Turkic culture those five color names denote the four cardinal points and the Central point. The color of North is Black, South is Red, East is Blue, West is White and the Center is Yellow. N.L.Jukovskaya thought that Chingisids named the Western part of the Mongolian Empire Cagan Orda and the Eastern part Koke Orda for this reason. Mongolian name for Russian king Baatar Tsagaan Khaan or the term Tsagaan Oros are all stand for West.

According to A.Gabain Turkish hydronyms Kara Deniz (Black Sea), Ak Deniz (White Sea also Aegean Sea), and Kizil Deniz (Red Sea) symbolize the directions (Black - North, White West, Red - South) relative to Anatolian orientation. Karakum or Black sand is also North sand, because Karakum is on the North side of Khorasan.

According to P.Pelliot, Kara Kitai means Kidans or North Chinese people. P.M.Melioranskii wrote that Kara Kirgizlar or Black Kirgizs are so named because they live on the North slope of Tian Shan.

Color names of Mongolian toponyms can symbolize other things as well. For instance the word Khar Black in Mongolian and Turkish can mean; 1. Black, 2. Big Turkmen. Kara mal big animals (mong. Boda mal), 3. mighty, strong, mong. khar shuurga strong storm, 4. pure, undiluted, mong. khar shol soup with only meat, 5. ground, soil, Turkish. Kara sulari ground waters, 6. multitude, the mass, mong. Khar myangan so many

At the end of this paper I want to mention 2 things. 1st in my observation when colors in toponyms are darker the places are bigger, deeper, higher and more stable and vice versa. I can tell it comparing the color toponyms khar to tsagaan, khoekh to tsenkher, khuren to bor.

Another interesting linguistic feature in Mongolian color toponyms is adjective order. Mongolian language adjective order for nouns is very strict. First occur numbers then shape or size adjective and last or closest adjectives to nouns are colors. For instance gurvan tom khar chuluu three big black stones. But color color toponyms in this sence are very free. Our list has many toponyms like Khar Oendor uul Black High Mountainor Ulaan Oendor uul Red High Mountain.

Appendix

Mongolian Color Toponyms

Tsagaan White

#NameGeo-typeLocation

1. Adgiin Tsagaan nuurLakeValley of the Baga Nuurs

2. Arbulgiin Tsagaan ovooMountainSuekhbaatar, Erdenetsagaan sum

3. Asgatiin Tsagaan tolgoiMountainSuekhbaatar

4. Bayan Tsagaan Agt uulMountainBulgan, Bayan Agt sum

5. Bayan Tsagaan golRiverFrom Bugatiin nuruu to Khoit Terkh lake

6. Bayan Tsagaan nuruuMountainArkhangai

7. Bayan Tsagaan uulMountainWest of Gobi Altai aimag

8. Bayan Tsagaan uulMountainMongol Altai Mountain Range

9. Bayan Tsagaan uulMountainArkhangai, Tsetserleg sum

10. Bayan Tsagaan uulMountainSuekhbaatar, Dariganga

11. Bayan Tsagaan khushuuMountainEast of Suekhbaatar aimag

12. Bayan Tsagaan golRiverFrom Otgontenger Mountain

13. Bayan Tsagaanii NuruuMountainKhovd, Darvi sum

14. Bayan Tsagaanii ordMountainToev, Bayanchandmani

15. Bayan Tsagaanii KhooloiValleySoutheast of Dornod aimag

16. Bayan Tsagaanii gobiGobiEast of Dundgobi aimag

17. Bogtotiin Tsagaan nuruuMountainDundgobi, Tsagaandelger sum

18. Boeon Tsagaan nuurLakeGobi Altai

19. Boeon Tsagaan nuurLakeKhentii, Bayanmoenkh sum

20. Boekhog Tsagaan uulMountainNorth of the Khentii Mountain Range

21. Bulagiin Tsagaan ovooMountainKhentii, Bayankhutag sum

22. Buunii Tsagaan nuurMountainDornod

23. Gangiin Tsagaan ovooMountainDariganga

24. Gobi Tsagaan nuurLakeSuekhbaatar, Tuevshinshiree

25. Gozgor Tsagaan uulMountainDornod, Matad sum

26. Dalin Tsagaan asgaMountainKhangai Mountain Range

27. Doitot Tsagaan ovooMountainDundgobi

28. Doeroo Tsagaan nuurLakeArkhangai and Khoevsgol

29. Doeroogiin Tsagaan ovooMountainSuekhbaatar

30. Dun Tsagaanii talStepDornogobi

31. Jargalantiin Tsagaan nuurLakeKhentii

32. Jiremiin Tsagaan nuurLakeDornod, Gurvanzagal sum

33. Zuerkhiin Tsagaan khooloiValleyDornod

34. Zegesiin Tsagaan elsSandSoutheast of the Nemegt Mountain

35. Zeregiin Tsagaan nuurLakeKhovd, Zereg sum

36. Ikh Tsagaan nuur

LakeArkhangai, Khairkhan sum

37. Ikh Tsagaan nuur

LakeBulgan, Bayannuur sum

38. Ikh Tsagaan nuur

LakeNorth of the Balj river

39. Ikh Tsagaan Oendor uulMountainDornod, Khoelonbuir sum

40. Mogoin Tsagaan ovooMountainSuekhbaatar, Khalzan sum

41. Moestiin Tsagaan Ovoot uulMountainOevorkhangai

42. Mukhar Tsagaan uulMountainGobi Altai

43. Mukhariin Tsagaan ovooMountainOevorkhangai

44. Menengiin Tsagaan KhooloiValleyDornod

45. Ovoo Tsagaan tolgoiMountainBayankhongor

46. Ognoon Tsagaan ovoo (Khoorond tolgoi)MountainCenter of Suekhbaatar

47. Oevor Tsagaan gol (Legiin gol)RiverBayankhongor

48. Oendor Tsagaan Ovoo uulMountainKhentii, Oendorkhaan

49. Oeoshiin Tsagaan nuurLakeSuekhbaatar

50. Suemiin Tsagaan nuurLakeDornod

51. Sueujiin Tsagaan Ovoo uulMountainToev

52. Taatsiin Tsagaan nuurLakeBaga Nuuruudiin Khonkhor, Gobi

53. Terkhiin Tsagaan nuurLakeArkhangai

54. Terkhen Tsagaan uulMountainKhoevsgol

55. Teeliin Tsagaan nuruuMountainArkhangai

56. Umbiin Tsagaan nuurLakeDundgobi

57. Uran Tsagaan uulMountainDornogobi

58. Urt Tsagaan tolgoiMountainDornogobi

59. Khavtgai Tsagaan uulMountainSoutheast of Khentii

60. Khaichiin Tsagaan nuurLakeDornod

61. Khaliutain Tsagaan OendorMountainNorth of Dornogobi

62. Khamriin Tsagaan tolgoiMountainSuekhbaatar

63. Khangain Tsagaan ChuluuRockOevorkhangai, Bat Oelziit sum

64. Khoendlongiin Tsagaan delMountainSuekhbaatar, Erdenetsagaan sum

65. Khoetol Tsagaan khyarMountainDundgobi

66. Kherlen Tsagaan talbaiStepDornod

67. Tsagaan Aarag tolgodMountainDornogobi, Airag sum

68. Tsagaan aguiCaveBayankhongor, Bayanlig sum

69. Tsagaan Asga uulMountainKhovd, Buyant sum

70. Tsagaan Asga uulMountainMain range of Khangai

71. Tsagaan Asga uulMountainKhangai Mountain Range

72. Tsagaan Asga Oendor uulMountainBayan Oelgii

73. Tsagaan Asgat uulMountainToev, Jargalant sum

74. (Segs) Tsagaan Bogd MountainInner gobi of Altai

75. Tsagaanbulagiin rashaanMineral waterSuekhbaatar, Bayandelger sum

76. Tsagaanbuluu uulMountainArkhangai and Oevorkhangai

77. Tsagaangoviin talStepOemnogobi, Tsogttsetsii sum

78. Tsagaangozgor uulMountainSelenge, Orkhontuul sum

79. Tsagaan golRiverFrom Tavanbogd mountain to Khovd river

80. Tsagaan golRiverGobi Altai, Shargiin gobi

81. Tsagaan golRiverFrom Baidrag river to Adgiin Tsagaan nuur

82. Tsagaan golRiverGobi Altai

83. Tsagaan golRiverKhoevsgol

84. Tsagaan golRiverFrom Gyatruu Mountain to Orkhon river

85. Tsagaan Goliin nuruuMountainKhangai Mountain Range

86. Tsagaan davaaMountainArkhangai

87. Tsagaan davaaMountainToev, Bayanchandmani sum

88. Tsagaan davaaMountainSelenge

89. Tsagaandoviin uulMountainMain Range of Mongol Altai

90. Tsagaandel uulMountainDornogobi

91. Tsagaandem uulMountainSuekhbaatar

92. Tsagaandem Ovoo uulMountainDundgobi, Adaatsag sum

93. Tsagaanmagnai khyarMountainOemnogobi, Khanbogd sum

94. Tsagaannuga uulMountainBulgan, Bugat sum

95. Tsagaan nuruuMountainOevorkhangai, Nariinteel

96. Tsagaan nuruuMountainOemnogobi

97. Tsagaan nuur (Dund nuur)LakeWest of Mongolia

98. Tsagaan nuurLakeSouthwest of the Tuul river

99. Tsagaan nuur (Tueshig Tsagaan nuur)LakeNorth of the Selenge rivers valley

100. Tsagaan nuurLakeDarkhadiin Khotgor

101. Tsagaan nuurLakeToev, Bayanjargalan sum

102. Tsagaan nuurLakeKhyargasiin khotgor

103. Tsagaan nuurLakeDornogobi, Sainshand

104. Tsagaan nuurLakeBulgan, bayannuur

105. Tsagaan nuurLakeSuekhbaatar, east of the Ganga lake

106. Tsagaan nuurLakeKhentii, Binder sum

107. Tsagaan nuurLakeDornod, Ereentsav

108. Tsagaan nuurLakeKhovd, Darvi sum

109. Tsagaan Nuuriin golRiverFrom Tsagaan nuur (99) to Achit nuur

110. Tsagaan OvooMountainDundgobi, Erdenedalai

111. Tsagaan Ovoo uulMountainZavkhan

112. Tsagaan Ovoo uulMountainToev, Delgerkhaan sum

113. Tsagaan Ovoo uulMountainEast of the Baidrag river

114. Tsagaan Ovoo uulMountainBulgan, Mogod sum

115. Tsagaan Ovoo uulMountainDundgobi

116. Tsagaan Ovoo uulMountainInner gobi of Altai

117. Tsagaan Ovoo uulMountainNorth of Suekhbaatar aimag

118. Tsagaan Ovoonii elsGobiDornogobi

119. Tsagaan Ovoot tolgoiMountainOevorkhangai, Oelziit sum

120. Tsagaan Ovoot uulMountainMain Range of Khangai

121. Tsagaan olomRiverGobi Altai

122. Tsagaan OendorMountainKhentii, Darkhan sum

123. Tsagaan Oendor uulMountainSuekhbaatar, Khalzan sum

124. Tsagaan Oendor uulMountainDornod, Khoelonbuir sum

125. Tsagaan Oendor Ovoo uulMountainDornod

126. Tsagaan OergooMountainKhangai Mountain Range

127. Tsagaansair uulMountainSouth of the Tavanbogd Mountain

128. Tsagaan salaaRockBayan Oelgii

131Tsagaan suvargaStepDundgobi, Oelziit

132Tsagaan suvargaStepDornogobi, Mandakh

133Tsagaan suemRiverArkhangai, Khotont sum

134Tsagaansueujiin khyarMountainDornogobi

135Tsagaan tolgoiMountainKhoevsgol

136Tsagaan tolgoiMountainDundgobi, Adaatsag

137Tsagaan tolgoiMountainOemnogobi, Manlai sum

138Tsagaan tolgoiMountainSuekhbaatar, Tuementsogt sum

139Tsagaan tolgoiMountainDornogobi, Ikhkhet sum

140Tsagaan tolgoiMountainSuekhbaatar, Suekhbaatar sum

141Tsagaan tolgoiMountainUvs, Tes sum

142Tsagaan tolgoiMountainKhovd, Myangad sum

143Tsagaan tolgoiMountainDornod

144Tsagaan tolgoiMountainDornod, Choibalsan

145Tsagaan tolgoin ovooMountainOemnogobi

146Tsagaan tolgoin rashaanMineral waterZavkhan, Tosontsengel

147Tsagaan turuugiin gol

(Buyant gol)RiverKhovd

148Tsagaan Usnii uulMountainZavkhan, Bayantes sum

149Tsagaan uulMountainMongol Altai, Sagsai river

150Tsagaan uulMountainMongol Altai, Gichgene Mountain Range

151Tsagaan uulMountainSouth of Khoevsgol lake

152Tsagaan uulMountainKhoevsgol, Tsagaan uul sum

153Tsagaan uulMountainNorth of Khoevsgol lake

154Tsagaan uulMountainArkhangai, Khotont sum

155Tsagaan uulMountainSouth of Oemnogobi aimag

156Tsagaan uulMountainSuekhbaatar

157Tsagaan uulMountainPeak of the Zaamar Mountain

158Tsagaan ueyeValleyDornod

159Tsagaan khaalgaRockGobi Altai

160Tsagaan khadnii rashaanMineral waterOevorkhangai, Yesonzuil sum

161Tsagaan khaalgiin Tsakhir uulMountainGobi Altai

162Tsagaankhairkhan uulMountainBetween Tsagaan Gol and Tsagaan Us Gol.

163Tsagaankhairkhan uulMountainArkhangai, Khashaat sum

164Tsagaankhairkhan uulMountainGobi Altai, Toegrog sum

165Tsagaankhairkhan uulMountainUvs, Tsagaankhairkhan sum

166Tsagaankhairkhan uulMountainNorth of the Kyargas river

167Tsagaankhairkhan uulMountainZavkhan, Erdenekhairkhan sum

168Tsagaankhoshuu nuurLakeKhentii, Norovlin sum

169TsagaankhoshuuMountainBayankhongor

170TsagaankhoshuuMountainSuekhbaatar and Dornod

171Tsagaankhoshuu uulMountainKhentii, Baruun Urt

172Tsagaan khoendiin rashaanMineralDornod, Dashbalbar

173Tsagaankhoetoliin davaaMountainGobi Altai, Khaliun sum

174Tsagaankhoetoliin khondiiValleyWest of the Ulaanbaatar city

175TsagaantsavMountainDornogobi, Mandakh sum

176Tsagaantsaviin nuruuMountainGobi Altai

177Tsagaantsakhir uulMountainBayankhongor, Bayan Ovoo sum

178Tsagaan shavar nuruuMountainInner gobi of Altai

179Tsagaan shireeStepSuekhbaatar

180Tsagaan elsSandOemnogobi

181Tsagaan eregMountainBayan Oelgii

182Tagaanuudiin talStepDornogobi, Airag sum

183Shandan Tsagaan Ovoo uulMountainDornogobi

184Shiiriin Tsagaan goviGobiDornogobi

185Shireet Tsagaan nuurLakeOevorkhangai, Buerd sum

Ulaan Red

1Avshiin Ulaan toiromStepNorth west side of Sainshand, Gobi

2Agiin Ulaan nuurLakeNorth western side of Dornogobi

3Algui Ulaan tsavMountain rangeOemnogobi, Mandal ovoo sum

4Argalant Ulaan elsSand South east side of Sainshand, Gobi

5Argalantiin Ulaan shireeMountainDornogobi

6Bayan Ulaan uulMountainInner side of Khangai mountain range

7Bayan Ulaan uulMountainNear the Khyargas lake, Uvs

8Bayan Ulaan uulMountainUliastai, Zavhan

9Bituugiin Ulaan uulMountainAltai mountain range

10Bugatiin Ulaan hadMountainKhovd, Manhan sum

11Bulangiin Ulaan Toirom nuurLakeSouth of Dornogobi

12Goviin Ulaan nuurLakeNorth of Dornogobi

13Gua Ulaan uulMountainBulgan

14Daagiin Shaam Ulaan uulMountainOevorkhangai

15Doloodiin UlaanLakeBetween Dornogobi and Dundgobi

16Deed Ulaan nuur (Doeroo)LakeAltai Mountain Range

17Zaviin Ulaan uulMountainOevorhangai

18Zuraagiin Ulaan hadMountainUvs, Zuunkhangai sum

19Zes Ulaan uulMountainOevorkhangai

20Ikh Baadant Ulaan engerStepNear the Buir lake

21Ikh Ulaan uulMountainToev, Oenjuul sum.

22Ikh Ulaan nuurLakeDundgobi, Bayanjargalan sum.

23Ikh Ulaan tsavMountainOemnogobi

24Ikh Ulaan talStepGobi-Altai

25Nomgonii Ulaan uulMountainDundgobi

26Noodoin Ulaan nuurLakeBetween Dundgobi and Dornogobi

27Ovgor Ulaan uulMountainArkhangai, Battsengel sum

28Ongon Ulaan nuurLakeDornogobi

29Ongon Ulaan uulMountainEast of the Tsenherhooloin gobi

30Oniin Ulaan uulMountainKhovd, Altantsoegts sum

31Oroo Ulaan khadMountainArkhangai, Khashaat sum

32Oyut Ulaan uulMountainDornogobi

33Oelziit Ulaan uulMountainZavkhan, Erdenekhairkhan sum

34Oelziit Ulaan uulMountainZavkhan, Urgamal sum

35Oendor Ulaan ovooMountainKhentii, Kherlen bayan Ulaan sum

36Oendor Ulaan ovooMountainKhentii, Oemnodelger sum

37Oendor Ulaan ovooMountainSelenge, Orkhontuul sum

38Oendor Ulaan uul

MountainKhoevsgol

39Oendor Ulaan uul

MountainArkhangai

40Oendor Ulaan uul

MountainToev, Oendorshireet sum

41Oendor Ulaan

MountainSelenge

42Oendor Ulaanii nuruu

MountainBulgan

43Oeoldiin Ulaan khadMountainOevorkhangai, Batshireet sum

44Sevhuuliin Ulaan nuurLakeGobisuember, Choir

45Taijiin Ulaan uulMountainZavkhan, Zavkhanmandal sum

46Tal Ulaanii talStepDundgobi, Gurbansaikhan sum

47Takhir Ulaan uulMountainUvs

48Tueshleg Ulaan uulMountainKhovd, Moenkhkhairkhan sum

49Teeliin Ulaan uul (Ulaan Chaltsan tolgoi)MountainDornogobi, Sainshand

50Ulaagchin uulMountainWest of the Mongol Altai Mountain Range

51Ulaagchiin davaaMountainBetween the Ulaan gol and Bulgan gol

52Ulaagchnii Khar LakeWest of the Khangai Mountain Range

53Ulaagchnii elsSandEast of the Ulaagchnii Khar lake

54UlaanMixedDornod, Choibalsan sum

55Ulaan Amnii KhyarMountainUvs

56Ulaan Baits uulMountainArkhangai, Ikhtamir sum

57Ulaan Baits uulMountainNorth of the Khentiikhan Mountain Range

58Ulaan Baits uulMountainArkhangai, near the North Tamir river

59Ulaanboom (Zavkhan river)RiverZavkhan

60Ulaanbulagiin rashaanMineral waterKhentii, Oemnodelger sum

61Ulaanbulagiin rashaanMineral waterKhovsgol, Ikh uul sum

62Ulaan golRiverFrom Khangai Mountain Range to Orkhon river

63Ulaan Gozgor uulMountainInner gobi of Altai

64(Baga) Ulaan davaaMountainMongol Altai Mountain Range

65(Ikh) Ulaan davaaMountainMongol Altai Mountain Range

66Ulaan davaaMountainBetween the Khoit Tsenher and Bulgan River

67Ulaan davaaMountainBetween Ulaangom and Bohmoron sum, Uvs

68Ulaandovongiin talStepNorth West of the Oemnogobi aimag.

69Ulaandovongiin UhaaMountainWest of the Altan uul

70UlaandelMountainDundgobi

71Ulaandel uulMountainNear Khyargas lake

72Ulaandel uulMountainOemnogobi, Khurmen sum

73Ulaanzuukhiin davaaMountainBetween Ulaangom and Oemnogobi sums

74Ulaannuruu uulMountainSouth of the Khangai Mountain Range

75Ulaan Nuruu MountainDornogobi, Saikhan Ovoo sum

76Ulaan nuurLakeBiggest of the Gobi lakes

77Ulaan nuurLakeOemnogobi, Tsogttsetsii sum

78Ulaan nuurLakeKhentii

79Ulaan nuurLakeDornogobi

80Ulaan nuurLakeDundgobi, Saikhan Ovoo sum

81Ulaan nuurLakeSuekhbaatar, Tuevshinshiree sum

82Ulaan ovooMountainSelenge, Tueshig sum

83Ulaan ovooMountainZavkhan

84Ulaan Ovoo uulMountainBulgan and Oevorkhangai

85Ulaan Ovoo uulMountainDundgobi, Delgertsogt sum

86Ulaan Oendor uulMountainDornod, Bayan Uul sum

87Ulaan Oendor uul (Suugiin Ulaan shil)MountainUvs, Tuergen sum

88Ulaan Oendor uulMountainKhentii, Norovlin sum

89Ulaansueul uulMountainUvs, near the Khyargas lake

90UlaanseerMountainNorth of the Zavkhan river

91Ulaantag uulMountainKhovd

92Ulaantaiga uulMountainWest of the Darhadiin Khotgor

93Ulaantaiga uulMountainWest of the Khovsgol lake

94UlaantoiromLakeDundgobi, Gurvansaikhan sum

95UlaantolgoiMountainSelnge, Tueshig sum

96Ulaantolgoin gobiSandDundgobi

97Ulaantolgoin sairPebblesOemnogobi

98Ulaantevsh uulMountainDornogobi

99Ulaan uulMountainDornod

100Ulaankhaalgiin rashaanMineral waterZavkhan

101Ulaankhad uulMountainWest bank of the Khoevsgol lake

102Ulaankhad uulMountainBulgan, Teshig sum

103Ulaankhad uulMountainSuekhbaatar, Tuementsogt sum

104Ulaankhadat uulMountainZavkhan, Noemrog sum

105Ulaankhadnii uulMountainNorth border of Zavkhan aimag

106Ulaankhairkhan uulMountainSouth of the Khujirt river

107Ulaankhairkhan uulMountainBulnai Mountain Range

108Ulaankhairkhan uulMountainBetween the Zavkhan and Khuengui river

109Ulaankhairkhanii rashaanMineral waterGobi Altai, Jargalant sum

110Ulaankhamriin nuruuMountainNortheast of the Artsbogd Mountain

111Ulaankhan uulMountainNortheast of Mongolia

112Ulaankhonkh uulMountainSoutheast of the Achit lake

113Ulaankhuviin khyarMountainOemnogobi, Khankhongor sum

114Ulaankhunkhai uulMountainHighest peak of the Adaatsag Mountain, Dundgobi

115UlaantsutgalanRiverZavkhan

116Ulaanshaliin gobiSandOemnogobi

117Ulaanshaliin khooloiGobiNear the Boeontsagaan lake

118Uushgiin UlaanMountainGobi Altai, Tseel sum

119Uushgiin Ulaan uulMountainBayan Oelgii, Bayannuur sum

120Uushgiin Ulaan uulMountainWest of the Baruun khuurain khotgor

121Uekher Ulaan uulMountainOemnogobi

122Uekher Ulaanii khooloiValleyOemnogobi

123Khavtgai Ulaan Ovoo uulMountainOevorkhangai, Arvaikheer sum

124Khavtsgain Ulaan nuurLakeDornogobi

125Khajuu Ulaan uulMountainDornogobi and Khentii

126Khargait Ulaan uulMountainUvs, Southeast of the Kharkhiraa Mountain

127Kharganiin Ulaan uulMountainNortheast of Dundgobi aimag

128Khorootiin UlaanMountainDundgobi, Deren sum

129Khuv Ulaan nuurLakeGobisuember, Choir

130Khueisiin Ulaan Khushuu uulMountainOevorkhangai

131Kherlenbayan Ulaan uulMountainKhentii

132Tsatsiin Ulaan uulMountainBetween the Ueyench and Bodonch rivers

133Shiveet Ulaan MixedBulgan, Arkhangai

134Shiveet Ulaan MountainSoutheast of the Ajbogd Mountain, middle of the Ikh Gobi

135Shijigtiin Ulaan uulMountainBayan Oelgii, bayannuur sum

136Shueteen Ulaan uulMountainDundgobi, Luus sum

137Erdene Ulaan uulMountainEast of the Juegnei lake

138Yamaat Ulaan uulMountainInner gobi of Altai

139Yamaat Ulaan uulMountainKhovd, Erdenebueren sum

140Yamaat Ulaan uulMountainOemnogobi, Bayan Ovoo sum

141Yamaatiin Oendor Ulaan uulMountainOevorkhangai, Nariinteel sum

142Yangirt Ulaan uulMountainMongol Altai Mountain Range

Khar Black

1Argalantiin Khar uulMountainUvs, Zavkhan sum

2Baruun Khar tsavMountainDundgobi, Khuld sum

3Bor Khar elsGobiNear the Khyargas lake

4Bueduun Khar uulMountainKhovd, Altai sum

5Bueduun Khar uulMountainOemnogobi

6Buerkheer Khar uulMountainZavkhan, Zavkhanmandal sum

7Gangiin Khar Tolgoin sairPebblesOemnogobi

8Gants Uuliin Khar nuurLakeKhoevsgol, Renchinlhumbe sum

9Davkhar Khar nuruuMountainInner Gobi of Altai

10Davkhar Khar uulMountainSoutheast of Ajbogd Mountain

11Dadiin Khar tolgoiMountainDornogobi

12Dulaan Khar uulMountainKhangai Mountain Range

13Dulaan Khar uulMountainBulgan, Mogod sum

14Dulaan Khar uulMountainDornogobi

15Dulaan Khar uulMountainDundgobi

16Dulaan Khariin uulMountainZavkhan, Shiluustei sum

17Dund Khar Boomiin sairPebblesInner gobi of Altai

18Dund Khar uulMountainKhovd, Erdenebueren sum

19Zagt Sairiin Khar uulMountainInner gobi of Altai

20Zurkhen Khar uulMountainZavkhan

21Zueuvchiin Khar uulMountainDornogobi, Dalanjargalan sum

22Ikh Dulaan Khar uulMountainSouthwest of the Achit lake

23Lagiin Khar tolgoiMountainDornod

24Lugiin Khar uulMountainOevorkhangai

25Mardain Oendor Khar uulMountainDornod

26Mongoliin Khar tolgoiMountainZavkhan and Gobi Altai

27Moritiin Oendor Khar uulMountainNear the Khyargas lake

28Nariin Khar nuruuMountainBaitag bogd

29Nariin Khar nuruuMountainKhovd and Gobi Altai

30Nariin Khar uulMountainGobi Altai

31Nariin Khar uulMountainNear the Airag lake

32Nariin Khar uulMountainArtsbogd

33Oyut Khar tolgoiMountainDundgobi, Tsagaan ovoo sum

34Oegoomoriin Khar uulMountainUvs

35Oengot Khar uulMountainKhovd, Mankhan sum

36Oendor Khar uulMountainNear the Khyargas lake

37Oendor Khar uulMountainToev

38Sungaan Usnii Khar uulMountainEast of the Ikhtayan Mountain

39Tavan Khar uulMountainDornogobi

40Taliin Khar khoedooStepKhovd, Mankhan sum

41Tangadiin Khar uulMountainInner gobi of Altai

42Tastiin Khar uulMountainUvs, Boekhmoeron sum

43Takhilgiin Khar uulMountainOemnogobi

44Totiin Khar uulMountainSelenge

45Toeordog Khar uulMountainKhentii

46Urchuudiin Khar uulMountainBayan Oelgii, Altantsoegts sum

47Uezuur Khar OendorMountainSuekhbaatar

48Khavirgiin Khar Us uulMountainEast of Mongol Altai Mountain Range

49Khavtgai Khar uulMountainGobi Altai

50Khagiin Khar nuurLakeBaga Khentii

51Khaichiin Khar uulMountainOemnogobi

52Khar gobiGobiBayan Oelgii, Tsagaanuur sum

53Khar gobiGobiSuekhbaatar

54Khar Guya uulMountainBueren Mountain Range

55Khar Del uulMountainDundgobi, Mandalgobi

56Khar Zuerkh uulMountainKhentii, Tsenkhermandal

57Khar nuurLakeIkh Nuuruudiin Khotgor

58Khar nuur (Ulaagchnii Khar nuur)LakeWest of the Khangai Mountain Range

59Khar nuurLakeNorth of the Khungui river

60Khar nuurLakeAltai Mountain Range

61Khar nuurLakeEast of the Dayan lake

62Khar nuur (Khag nuur)LakeZavkhan, Yaruu sum

63Khar nuurLakeDornogobi

64Khar nuurLakeNorteast of Mongolia

65Khar nuurLakeAltai Mountain

66Khar nuurLakeAltai Mountain

67Khar Ovoo uulMountainDornogobi

68Khar OvooMountainDornogobi

69Khar Ovoonii talStepOemnogobi, Bayandalai sum

70Khar Oendor uulMountainSuekhbaatar, Erdenetsagaan sum

71Khar Oendor uulMountainDornogobi, Khatanbulag sum

72Khar Sairiin khoendiiValleyInner gobi of Altai

73Khar Sairiin uulMountainNorthwest of the Achit lake

74Khar SalaaRiverFrom Tavanbogd to Khoton lake

75Khartoiromiin gobiGobiKhentii

76Khartoiromiin talStepOemnogobi, Nomgon sum

77Khar Tolgoin nuruuMountainBayankhongor, Buutsagaan sum

78Khar Us nuurLakeKhovd, Ikh nuuruudiin khotgor

79Khar Us nuurLakeUvs, Oemnogobi sum

80Khar Usnii golRiverThrough Bayankhongor and Zavkhan

81Khar uulMountainBayan Oelgii

82Khar uulMountainOemnogobi

83Khar uulMountainDornogobi,

84Khar uulMountainDundgobi, Deren sum

85Khar uulMountainBayankhongor, Shinejinst sum

86Khar uulMountainOemnogobi, Bayan Ovoo sum

87Khar Uuliin OendorMountainBetween Baitagbogd and Bagakhavtag Mts

88Khar Uezuur uulMountainEast of the bayantsagaans Bakhar Mt.

89Khar Uezuuriin talStepZavkhan, Urgamal sum

90Khar Khad uulMountainKhoevsgol and Zavkhan aimag

91Khar Khadnii DoeroljMountainNorth of the Artsbogd Mountain

92Khar KhairkhanMountainInner gobi of Altai

93Khar tsagaan usValleyUvs, Baruunturuun sum

94Khar Shaliin nuruuMountainInner gobi of Altai

95Kholboo Khar uulMountainNear the Khyargas lake

96Khoton Khariin talStepBayan Oelgii

97Khoedoo Khar tolgoiMountainDariganga

98Khetsuu Khar uulMountainKhovd, Altai sum

99Khyariin Khar uulMountainGuchin Us sum

100Tsuvliut Khar nuruuMountainNortheast of the Lanzat Mountain Range

101Shandiin Khar uulMountainNortheast of the Asraltkhairkhan Mountain

102Shiluust Khar uulMountainKhovd, Altai sum

103Shorvongiin Khar tolgoiMountainBayankhongor

Shar, sharga Yellow, yellowish

1Baruun Shargiin gobiGobiGobi Altai

2Bayan Shar tolgoiMountainUvs, Zuungobi sum

3Boekhon Shariin nuruuMountainArkhangai

4Boekhon Shariin nuruuMountainKhangai Mountain Range

5Boekhon Shariin uulMountainBulgan

6Boekhon Shariin uulMountainUvs

7Gal Shar uulMountainKhentii, Galshar sum

8Gurvan Shart uulMountainDornod

9Mongol Shar davaaMountainNorthest point of Mongolia

10Ovoot Shar uulMountainSogoot River

11Orgil Shar uulMountainDornogobi

12Takhiin Shar nuruuMountainSouthwest border of Mongolia

13Khamriin Shar ovooMountainDornogobi

14Khayaagiin Shar tolgoi MountainUvs, Baruunturuun sum

15Khujiriin Shar Oendor uulMountainEast of the Khentii Khan Mountain Range

16Chihtiin Sharga Oendor uulMountainDundgobi

17Shar Buluu uulMountainKhangai Mountain range

18Shar BuerdGobiSuekhbaatar, Ongon sum

20Shar Buerd nuurLakeUvs

21Shar Buerd nuurLakeSouthwest of the Taatsiin Tsagaan lake

22Shar Buerd nuurLakeDornod, Sergelen sum

23Sharga golRiverKhoevsgol

24Sharga nuurLakeBulgan, bayan Agt sum

25Sharga uulMountainKhentii, Baruun Urt sum

26Shargatiin uulMountainNorth of the Khar Us lake

27Shargiin gobiGobiKhentii, South of Baruun Urt

28Shargiin gobiGobiInner gobi of Altai

29Shar DevsegMountainsGobi Altai, Tsogt sum

30Shar Devsegiin KhamarMountainEnd of the Mongol Altai

31Shar Deliin KhoendiiValleyDornogobi

32Shar nuruuMountainKhovd

33Shar Oendor tolgoiMountainDornod, Choibalsan

34Shar Suvagiin nuruuMountainOevorkhangai

35Shar Serven uulMountainDundgobi, Oendorshil sum

36Shar Tag uulMountainZavkhan

37Shar talStepBulgan, Bayannuur sum

38Shar talStepValley of Selenge River

39Shar Togoo ovooMountainDornod

40Shar tolgoiMountainUvs, Malchin sum

41Shar Tolgoi uulMountainNear the Khyragas lake

42Shar Tolgoin Ovoot tolgoiMountainOemnogobi

43Shar Teeg uulMountainOemnogobi

44Shar Us golRiverFrom Khangai to Buyant river

45Shar Khavirga uulMountainDeluun sum

46Shar Khad uulMountainZavkhan

47Shar Khad uulMountainNortheast of the Khangai Mountain Range

48Shar Khad uulMountainSelenge

49Shar Khad uulMountainSuekhbaatar

50Shar Khadnii GozgorMountainKhoevsgol, Rashaant sum

51Shar Khadnii DoeroljMountainArtsbogd

52Shar Khairkhan uulMountainDornogobi

53Shar Khatsar MountainOemnogobi, Khankhongor sum

54Shar Khamar uulMountainEast of the Moenkhkhairkhan uul

55Shar KhooloiValleyValley of the Zavkhan river

56Shar Khoeviin DoeroljMountainWest of the Ulaanbaatar city

57Shar Khoeviin KhooloiValleyNorth of the Artsbogd Mountain

58Shar KoedooStepSoutheast of the Uvs lake

59Shar Khoetoliin davaaMountainAjbogd Mountain

60Shar Khudag nuurLakeKhoevsgol

61Shariin golRiverFrom Khentii to Orkhon river

62Shariin golRiverFrom Khasagtkhairkahn Mountain

63Shariin nuruuMountainMain Range of Mongol altai

64Emeel Shariin nuruuMountainKhangai Mountain Range

65Shar Khanangiin agui CaveDundgovi, Bayanjargalan sum

Khuren Brown, dark brown

1.Agit Khuren uul MountainDundgobi

2Asgatiin Khuren uulMountainKhovd

3Baruun Khuren Ovoo uulMountainDundgobi

4Bulgatiin Khuren Buluu uulMountainOevorkhangai

5Dartsag Khurenii shilMountainSutai Mountain

6Doergonii Khuren talStepStep in the south of Doergon lake

7Duensen Khuren uulMountainKhangai Mountain Range

8Zamiin Khuren elsGobiSouth border of Mongolia

9Zangat Khuren uulMountainWest of the Taats river

10Zangat Khuren uulMountainGobi Altai

11Zoo Zamiin Khuren talStepNear the Khyargas lake

12Iliin Khuren ovooMountainDornogobi

13Ikh Khuren uulMountainPeak of the Buuralkhairkhan Mt.

14Luugariin Khurenii ovooMountainOevorkhangai

15Uuliin khuren uulMountainUvs

16Khavtsgait Khuren uulMountainKhovd

17Khurgaljiin Khuren nuruuMountainGobi Altai and Bayankhongor

18Khuisiin Zadgai Khuren tolgoiMountainKhuisiin gobi

19Khuren uulMountainKhoevsgol, Renchinlhumbe sum

20Khuren uulMountainKhoevsgol, Erdenebulgan

21Khuren uulMountainDundgobi, Tsagaandelger sum

22Khuren BilcherValleyValley of the zag and Baidrag rivers

23Khuren Bogd uulMountainSouth border of Mongolia

24Khuren Bosgiin Oendor nuruuMountainSouth of Tost Mountain

25Khuren bulagMountainBulgan

26Khuren Bulangiin khoendiiStepSuekhbaatar

27Khuren Buluu uulMountainBayankhongor, Gurvanbulag sum

28Khuren Buluu uulMountainTarvagatai Mountain

29Khurengiin talStepKhyargasiin khotgor

30Khurengiin khoendiiValleyValley of Zavkhan river

31Khuren DukhOronymEast of Dundgobi

32Khuren Del uulMountainToev, Altanbulag sum

33Khuren Del uulMountainToev, Sergelen sum

34Khuren Oendor uulMountainBaidrag and Oelziit rivers

35Khuren OendorMountainGobi Altai, Tsogt sum

36Khuren Ovoot tolgoiMountainDundgobi, Delgertsogt sum

37Khuren talMountainZavkhan, Telmen sum

38Khuren Tovgor uulMountainWest of the Otgontenger Mountain

39Khuren Tovon uulMountainPeak of the Ajbogd Mountain

40Khuren tolgoiMountainBayankhongor, Bayangovi sum

41Khuren Khad uulMountainZavkhan, Ikh Uul sum

42Khuren Khadnii rashaan Mineral waterOevorkhangai

43Khuren Khadnii uulMountainDundgobi

44Khuren Khairkhan uulMountainBayan Oelgii

45Khuren Khairkhan uulMountainBayan Oelgii, Ulaankhus sum

46Khuren Khairkhan uul (Khar Oendor uul)MountainDornogobi, Khatanbulag sum

47Khuren Khanangiin nuruuMountainOemnogobi

48Khuren Khoetliin Oroi uulMountainKhovd, Moenkhkhairkhan sum

49Khueren TsavMountainDornogobi

50Khuren TsavMountainDornogobi, Khoevsgol sum

51Khueushiin Khuren uulMountainGobi Altai

52Shandiin Khuren UkhaaMountainDornod

Nogoon Green

1Baga Nogoon taiga uulMountainKhoevsgol

2Bumbatiin nogoon Buluu uulMountainSelenge, Baruunbueren sum

3Nogoon Buerdiin talStepDornod, Dashbalbar sum

4Nogoon Doevon uulMountainMongol Altai Mountain range

5Nogoon nuur Guna YamaatValleyKhoevsgol

6Nogoon Nuuriin nuruuMountainKhangai Mountain Range

7Nogoon TsavMountainBayankhongor, Shinejinst sum

8Nogoon Tsegeenii rashaanMineral waterUvs, Oemnogovi sum

Alag Multi-colored

1Alag golRiverNear the Khoevsgol lake

2Alag davaaMountainZavkhan, Aldarkhaan sum

3Alag Deliin uulMountainSouth of Tavanbogd uul

4Alag Del uulMountainOemnogobi

5Alagmatsat uulMountainBayankhongor, Boembogor sum

6Alag nuurLakeAltai Mountain Range

7Alag ovooMountainBurkhanbuudai Mountain

8Alag Oendor uulMountainKhoevsgol, Shine Ider sum

9Alag Oendor uulMountainDornogobi

10Alag Oendor uulMountainInner gobi of Altai

11Alag uulMountainEast of Takhiin Shar nuruu

12Alag uulMountainSouth of Ider river, Shine Ider sum

13Alag uulMountainZavkhan, Zavkhanmandal sum

14Alag uulMountainNorth of Onon river

15Alag uulMountainEast of Kyargas nuur

16Alag uulMountainOevorkhangai

17Alag uulMountainOemnogobi

18Alagteegt uulMountainKhovd, Uyench sum

19Alag Khairkhan uulMountainMain Range of Mongol Altai

20Alag Khairkhan uulMountainBayankhongor

21Alag Khairkhan uulMountainKhovd, Chandmani sum

22Alagiin TsavMountainDundgobi

23Alag TsarRiverTo Khoevsgol lake

24Baga Alag uulMountainOemnogobi

25Baruun Alagiin sairPebblesOemnogobi

Buural Grey

1Baga Buural uulMountainZavkhan

2Baga Buural uulMountainKhentii

3Baga Buural uulMountainSuekhbaatar

4Bayan Buural uulMountainKhantaishiriin nuruu

5Buural nuruuMountainBaga Khentii

6Buural ovooMountainSuekhbaatar

7Buural uulMountainZavkhan, gantsiin davaa

8Buural uulMountainZavkhan, South of Tes river

9Buural uulMountainArkhangai, Khotont sum

10Buural uulMountainToev, Altanbulag sum

11Buural uulMountainOevorkhangai, Buerd sum

12Buural uulMountainToev, Jargalant sum

13Buural uulMountainSelenge, Yeroo sum

14Buural uulMountainDornogovi, Saikhandulaan sum

15Buural uulMountainSelenge

16Buural uulMountainSuekhbaatar and Dornod

17Buural uulMountainSuekhbaatar, Tuevshinshiree sum

18Buural BogdMountainSutai Mountain

19Buural Bor khoendiiValleySuekhbaatar

20Buural Khairkhan uulMountainMongol Altai

21Buural Khairkhan uulMountainAltai Mountain Range

22Buural Khairkhan uulMountainBayankhongor, Bayan Oendor sum

23Buural Khangai uulMountainToev

24Buural Khangai uulMountainSuekhbaatar

25Ikh Buural uulMountainUvs, Kharkhiraa Mountain

26Ikh Buural uulMountainZavkhan

27Ikh Buurliin khetsMountainDundgobi

Ereen Parti-colored

1Baruun Ereenii nuruuMountainEast of Mongolia

2Ikh Ereen uulMountainToev

3Ikh Ereen uulMountainDundgobi

4Ikh Ereen uulMountainOemnogobi

5Ikh Ereen uulMountainOevorkhangai, Argui river

6Ikh Ereen uulMountainOevorkhangai, Sar river

7Nam Ereenii nuruuMountainSelenge

8Ugalziin Ereen uulMountainSouth border of Mongolia

9EreenLayerDundgobi, Bayanjargalan sum

10Ereen Davaanii nuruuMountainKhentii nuruu

11Ereenii nuruuMountainDornod

12Ereenii nuruuMountainOevorkhangai, Buerd sum

13Ereen nuurLakeDornod, Khoelonbuir sum

14Ereen nuurLakeValley of Zavkhan river

15Ereenii rashaanMineral waterDornod

16Ereenii uhaaMountainDundgobi

17Ereenii eregtsegMountainDornod

18Ereen tolgoiMountainBaruunkhuurai gobi

19Ereen uulMountainKhankhoekhii

20Ereen uulMountainOemnogobi

Ukhaa Reddish

1Dalan Ukhaa uulMountainPeak of the Gilbent Mountain, Gobi Altai

2Lamiin Ukhaa uulMountainDornod

3Ukhaa Argalantiin khooloiValleyOemnogobi, Manlai sum

4Ukhaa Zagiin khooloiValleyOemnogobi

5Ukhaa ovooMountainSuekhbaatar, Naran sum

6Ukhaa Ovoo uulMountainSuekhbaatar, Ongon sum

7Ukhaa saridagMountainBaga Khentiin nuruu

8Ukhaa tolgoi MountainEast border of Mongolia

9Ukhaa tolgoiMountainSuekhbaatar

10Ukhaa tolgoiMountainNortheast of Oemnogobi aimag

11Ukhaa Shiir uulMountainToev aimag

Gyalgar and Gyalaan Shiny and bright

1Zagastain Gyalgar uulMountainOne of the highest peaks of the Tarvagatain nuruu

2Zueun Gyalgar nuurLakeDornogbi and Dundgobi

3Zueun Baruun Gyalgar toiromLakeDundgobi, Oendorshil sum

4Gyalaad golRiverKhoevsgol, Suember sum

5Gyalaan nuurLakeSelenge, Altanbulag

6Gyalgariin nuruuMountainZavkhan, Ider sum

7Gyalgariin nuruuMountainKhangai Mountain range

8Gyalgariin golRiverArkhangai

9Gyalgariin khooloiValleyKhantaishir

10Khoendlongiin Gyalaan nuurLakeDundgobi and Dornogobi

Khaltar Blackish

1Gurvan Khaltar uulMountainZavkhan, Ider and Aldarkhaan sums

2Ust Khaltar uulMountainArkhangai

3Khaltar Asgat uulMountainTarvagatai nuruu

4Khaltar Buluu uulMountainKhangai nuruu

5Khaltar Zagiin khooloiValleyOemnogobi

6Khaltariin gobiGobiSuekhbaatar

Tsegeen Whitish

1Tsegeen nuurLakeNear the Tsetsenkhairkhan Mountain, end of Khangai nuruu

2Tsegeen nuurLakeBulgan, Bayan Agt sum

3Tsegeen nuurLakeDundgobi, Tsagaandelger sum

4Tsegeen nuurLakeKhentii, Gurvanbayan sum

5Tsegeen nuurLakeKhentii, Norovlin sum

6Tsegeen Khooloi golRiverFrom Khentiikhan to Eg river

7Tsegeen toiromGobiDornogobi

Khaliun Bay, dun

1Khaliugchin uulMountainToev, Bayantsogt sum

2Khaliun uulMountainBulgan

3Khaliun uulMountainDornod

4Khaliun ger nuruuMountainArkhangai, Chuluut sum

Others

1Yagaanii talSteppeBayankhongor, Bayangovi sum

2Oendor Yagaan uulMountainZavkhan, Shiluustei sum

3Zagal uulMountainDornod, Gurvanzagal sum

4Zagaliin nuruuMountainKhoevsgol and Zavkhan

5Tsookhor nuurLakeZavkhan

6Tsookhor nuurLakeBulgan

7Tsookhor uulMountainSouthwest of the Achit lake

8Tsekher uulMountainUvs, Malchin sum

9Tseger golRiverFrom Khoevsgols Khurts Mountain to Arig river

10Bulan Saarliin gobiGobiDornogobi

Saruul-Erdene Myagmar has Ph.D. in Linguistics and currently teaches Mongolian language at the Foreign Service institute, Department of State.