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22Essential Skills for Employment
Acknowledgements
Partners for this project include:
Elgin, Middlesex, Oxford Local Training Board
Goodwill Ontario Great Lakes
Literacy London Inc.
London Employment Help Centre
Pathways Skill Development & Placement Centre
Thank you to the following organizations for distributing the employer survey:
Strathroy and District Chamber of Commerce
London Chamber of Commerce
Tillsonburg District Chamber of Commerce
Ingersoll District Chamber of Commerce
Woodstock District Chamber of Commerce
St. Thomas and District Chamber of Commerce
The London Economic Development Corporation
The Human Resources Professionals Association of London & Distinct
This is a Literacy Link South Central project.
This project was funded in part by the Government of Canada’s Offi ce of Literacy
and Essential Skills
Literacy Link South Central213 Consortium Court London, OntarioN6E 2S8
33Essential Skills for Employment
Introduction by Debra Mountenay, Executive Director Elgin, Middlesex, Oxford Local Training Board
As an employer, I know that there are skills that all of my employees must have in
order to do their work. In fact, all employees need a certain set of skills to be
effective and effi cient in their workplace. These skills are called Essential Skills.
Through extensive research, the Government of Canada and other national and
international agencies have identifi ed and validated nine Essential Skills. These
skills are used in nearly every occupation and throughout daily life, in different
ways and at different levels of complexity.
As employers, we also all know that the level of skill required in each of these
areas varies from industry to industry and, in many cases, from business to
business– but what are the skill priorities today? We did some market research to
fi nd out, and asked 60 local employers from the counties of Elgin, Middlesex, and
Oxford in Southern Ontario to identify where they see the priorities for the future
workforce.
An electronic survey was developed to explore
• skill levels currently used in workplaces
• tools used to assess prospective employees against Essential Skills
• future skill requirements employees will need to adapt to
innovations and processes
Reading Text
Document Use
Numeracy
Writing
Oral Communication
Working with Others
Continuous Learning
Thinking Skills
Computer Use
Essential Skills
44Essential Skills for Employment
Introduction (cont.)
Employers – all sectors and all sizes – answered. What we found is that
employers unknowingly rate Essential Skills as the skills they require for a
successful workforce, yet they may not be using the tools that are available to them to
assess whether employees have these Essential Skills.
Résumés often talk about education and experience, but they don’t tell an
employer how well the applicant works with others, thinks through a problem, or
uses documents.
To ensure the sustainability of small, medium and large businesses in all business
sectors, companies require employees with well-developed Essential Skills. This
helps them to cope with increasing job complexity and changing technology.
Essential Skills for Employment: What Résumés Won’t Tell You provides an
overview of how other employers determine whether potential hires have the skills
they need in their workplace. In this report you will also fi nd how to determine the
Essential Skills needed for your workplace and how they can play a role in your
hiring process.
What about you?
Do you agree with the answers we received? Do you know what role Essential
Skills play in your workplace? Do you hire employees based on these nine Essential
Skills?
We welcome your input. Send your comments to [email protected]
Introduction (cont.)
55Essential Skills for Employment
Who responded to this survey?
Sixty (60) organizations from the counties of Elgin, Middlesex, and Oxford in Southwestern Ontario responded to the survey.
Industry Sector
Who responded to this survey?
20.9% (9)
9.3% (4)
4.7% (2)
4.7% (2)
20.9% (9)
2.3% (1)4.7% (2)7.0% (3)4.7% (2)
4.7% (2)
2.3% (1)
11.6% (5)
9.3% (4)
23.3% (10)
Manufacturing
Sales & Distribution
Temporary Help Agencies
Health Care
Service
Legal
Construction & Landscape
Public Service
Financial
Communication Radio, Print,TVTransportation
Consulting
Not For Profit
Other
Industry Sector
20.9%
9.3%
4.7%
4.7%
20.9%
2.3%
4.7%
7.0%
4.7%
4.7%
2.3%
11.6%
9.3%
23.3%
Employers who responded to this survey were from the following industry sectors:
66Essential Skills for Employment
Number of Employees
25.6% (11)
18.6% (8)
2.3% (1)23.3% (10)
7% (3)
4.7% (2)
18.6% (8)
1-30
31- 70
71-100
101-250
251-500
500-750
more than 750
25.6%
18.6%
2.3%
23.3%
7.0%
4.7%
18.6%
Number of Employees
The following refl ects the number of employees in the workplace of those who responded to the survey.
77Essential Skills for Employment
What did they say?What did they say?
Question:
Do your employees have the basic skills required for your company to be competitive during the next 3 years?
People who show strong skills in reading, working with others and oral communication should be well-positioned within corporations. comment by project partners
Essential Skills can help you benchmark consistent job requirements and establish succession planning to meet your organization’s current and future needs. Essential Skills: The foundation of workplace safety and productivity April 2008
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Computer use: variety and complexity
Thinking skills: problem solving, decision making,planning and organizing
Continuous learning: Ongoing process of aquiringskills and knowledge
Working with others: to complete tasks
Oral communication: exchange information
Writing: text, filling in forms, typing
Numeracy: using numbers in quantitative terms
Document use: graphs, lists, drawing, signs
Reading text: reading sentences or paragraphs
25
27
31
39
38
35
34
29
39
24
22
17
16
16
16
13
17
17
9
9
9
3
4
7
10
12
2
1
No
Minimal
Acceptable
Yes
NA
88Essential Skills for Employment
Question:
When hiring new employees, or selecting current employees for other positions, do you have any methods to assess the person’s strengths and/or weaknesses in the following 9 skills?
What did they say?What did they say?
The interview may be the method of assessment for oral communication. I would be curious to know if someone uses a specifi c tool to measure oral communication skills during the hiring process. comment by project partners
The Essential Skills web-site has FREE, printable reading, document use and numeracy indicator exercises to use during your recruitment and succession planning process. http://srv108.services.gc.ca/english/general/tools_apps_e.shtml
23
15
34
31
11
20
28
27
20
33
40
21
25
44
35
27
28
35
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Computer use
Thinking skills
Continuous learning
Working with others
Oral communication
Writing
Numeracy
Document use
Reading text
Yes
No
99Essential Skills for Employment
Question:
What do you consider to be the highest skill training need for your
The following list represents the most often identifi ed skill training needs.
(56 responses) One response identifi ed high school/college/university as the skill
level. This response indicates an education level versus a skill level.
• Communication with co-workers and people in other departments,
including safety instructions and related work procedures (11)
• Thinking – includes understanding what is being said, analyzing
information, logical presentation of thoughts, planning oral responses and
work plans, and problem solving (11)
• Working with Others and team building, achieving common goals, cross
training (7)
• Writing - attention to details; Reading Text– both speed and
comprehension (7)
• Computer Use - MS offi ce, Excel, email, programmable controllers (6)
• Effectively managing attendance (4)
• Numeracy - all applications related to numbers such as mathematics –
and formulas (4)
• Accepting/managing change (3)
• Reading - English (2)
Change is showing more and more everywhere. It’s good to see employers are it realizing it and embracing it. comment by project partners
Employers were asked Thinking of your own workplace, what kinds of skills do you consider to be Essential Skills? Top three Essential Skills listed:• Oral Communication • Working with Others • Computer UseReport- Essential Skills in Canadian Workplaces, 2007; 1500 employers were surveyed
current employees?
1010Essential Skills for Employment
Question:
What do you consider the greatest need for skill improvement amongjob applicants?
The following list represents the most often identifi ed skill improvements:
(54 responses)
• Communication, communication, communication!!!!! All forms
– oral, written (particularly with resumes), spelling and grammar,
listening, working with others, taking time to ensure understanding
(several references to the book “7 Habits of Highly Effective People” by
Stephen Covey.) (25)
• Continuous Learning – understanding and applying current
technologies, theories, concept, and computer applications. (15)
• Thinking Skills, problem solving,– critical/lateral/creative thinking
outside the box. (9)
• General responses such as, “as above, ditto, trades positions, same,
demonstrating enthusiasm. “ (5)
The results of this question reinforce what we are telling our clients in the employment sector: communication skills, problem solving skills, and continuous learning are important. comment by project partners
Problem solving (Thinking Skills), teamwork (Working with Others) and verbal communication (Oral Communication) were top three Essential Skills identifi ed by management. 2007-2008 Annual Management Issue Survey. Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters
1111Essential Skills for Employment
Question:
With reference to the responses in the previous 2 questions briefl y identify if training/development needs have changed from past years and if so, in what
(Enter N/A if training/development needs have remained the same.)
The following list represents the most often identifi ed responses to how
training/development needs have changed, and in what ways: (54 responses)
• Workplaces have become more integrated and computerized,
resulting in less interaction between employees, need for continuous
learning in all business aspects, particularly with computer applications. (6)
• Same needs, just more critical than in the past. (3)
• New learning centre to ensure appropriate training for all levels of
staff – a 4 hour orientation “Bronze” program for staff, back up for
Department Manager “Silver” program and a “Gold” program for
Department Manager training. (3)
• Increasing emphasis on health & safety issues, processes, procedures
and monitoring. (3)
• More emphasis on dealing with people/customers. (3)
• With job applications being mostly on line, and new accessibility
standards being developed, there is need to ensure web applications are
accessible to all. Language and diversity issues will be a rising concern. (2)
31 responded N/A, and 3 responses were too general to defi ne.
The increased use of technology for communication puts additional pressure on employees to have solid communication skills. They need to be clear in the messages that they send. comment by project partners
ways.
People with low literacy levels may be good performers in their current jobs. They have learned their jobs by example and instinct, and through experience. However, they are likely to be slower to respond to new developments and change. Business Results Through Essential Skills and Literacy - Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters, Ontario
1212Essential Skills for Employment
Question:
Employers are moving toward more innovative prosesses. What skills will be required by your employees to enable them to adapt to new innovations and the accompanying processes?
Skills that employees will need to enable them to adapt to new innovations
and accompanying processes:
(4 “optional” comments)
• Sharing information
• Listening
• Showing initiative
• Personal development that is sustainable – reading, writing and
mathematics
0 10 20 30 40 50
Computer use
Thinking skills
Continuous learning
Working with others
Oral communication
Writing
Numeracy
Document use
1 37
47
35
45
46
31
28
34
34
14
7
17
9
8
20
21
17
19
4
2
3
2
2
4
7
8
3
1
1
Not at all important
Somewhat important
Important
Essential
N/A
Reading text
1313Essential Skills for Employment
It makes sense that employers listed Thinking Skills, Working with Others and Oral Communication as the top three skills. These are the skills that will help workplaces deal with change. comment by project partners
Nine in ten employers say that Essential Skills are very important for improving customer satisfaction, the overall success of the organization and improving the productivity of employees.Report- Essential Skills in Canadian Workplaces, 2007
1414Essential Skills for Employment
Question:
Please indicate if the skill level will be at the Basic or Advanced level for entry positions in your company by placing a check in the appropriate box.
0 10 20 30 40 50
Computer use
Thinking skills
Continuous learning
Working with others
Oral communication
Writing
Numeracy
Document use
Reading text
25
42
26
37
37
22
16
15
21
30
12
28
17
12
32
38
39
33
Basic
Advanced
(5 “optional” comments)
• Skill level will vary depending on the job description and the supervisory
level
• Depends on the position. Some of the entry level positions will require
advanced skills whereas other introductory positions just need basic skill
levels
1515Essential Skills for Employment
• Most positions require advanced, but it would certainly be role specifi c.
Too many roles in healthcare to identify each case. I would say advanced
for almost all positions.
• Depends on the position – warehouse versus offi ce.
• Always willing to develop other employee’s supervisory skills.
Global competition and evolving technology increases the need for highly skilled employees. comment by survey developer
Essential Skills are the foundation for learning other skills, such as technical skills. They also help us adapt to change. It is no surprise that we say these skills are transferable from school to work and further education or training, as well as from job to job and sector to sector. Ontario Skills Passport-Ministry of Education
1616Essential Skills for Employment
Question:
In the spaces below, using key words, please identify what formal tools you use to assess applicants’/employees’ Essential Skills. If not assessed, please enter "N/A".
Of the respondents to this question, the following list represents the summary of
comments for each of the Essential Skills:
Reading text: 42 responses, reading assignments (7) presentations (7)work instructions (7)online aptitude/competency testing (6) role-plays (2)not applicable (16)too general to defi ne (3)
Document Use: 41 responsesinterpreting patient charts (5)simulation exercises (3)written component (2) completing electronic forms (2)not applicable (25)too general to defi ne (4)
Numeracy: 41 responses fi nancial simulations (6)computer evaluations (5) Excel testing (1)measuring (1) PREVUE assessments (1)not applicable (24)
Writing: 41 responsesresumes (4)written responses to interview
written questions and answers (4)reports (3)aptitude testing (1)patient reports (1)completing forms (1) emails during the interview process (1)proposals (1)scripts for broadcasting (1)not applicable (15)too general to defi ne (3)
questions (4)
too general to defi ne (3)
1717Essential Skills for Employment
Oral Communication: 42 responsesdefi ne - telephone and face-to-face
shift transfer briefi ngs (1)behaviour-based questions (1)projects (1) presentations (1)role plays (1)not applicable (8)too general to defi ne (1)
interviews (28)
Working with Others: 42 responsesdefi ne - reference checks (8) team experiences (5) PREVUE assessments (2)DISC (DiSC Profi le is a self-scored behavioural assessment. Behavioural styles are grouped in four categories: Dominance, Infl uence, Steadiness and
Continuous Learning: 42 responsesskills listings as part of application process (12)
history of courses taken (2)internal and external training courses (2) behavioural evaluation 2yearly learning plans 1.not applicable (22)too general to defi ne (1)
Oral Communication: 41 responsestesting (11)interview process (10)performance reviews (2)presentations (1)
PERVUE assessments (2)
not applicable (17)too general to defi ne (4)
Conscientiousness.) (2)
1818Essential Skills for Employment
Computer Use: 41 responsesexercises in MS Offi ce, Excel, electronic forms (other than job application process), assessing ability to access electronic records (11)requirement to complete computer testing as part of the application process (8)computerized application process (4)not applicable (16)too general to defi ne (2)
Employers may be using the application process to informally test people’s Essential Skills (for example- resumes, phone conversations and written tests during interviews). comment by project partners
Test of Workplace Essential Skills (TOWES) has undergone an extensive psychometric review and nation-wide fi eld-testing involving thousands of Canadians to ensure its validity. These results prove that TOWES is the best measure of Essential Skills in Canada. TOWES website www.towes.com
1919Essential Skills for Employment
Question:
2.57
3
2.63
3.07
2.7
2.59
3.11
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Computers Use Tools
Thinking Skills Tools
Working with Others Tools
Writing Tools
Numeracy Tools
Document Use Tools
Reading Text Tools
Please rate the effectiveness of the methods used in the previous question,using a scale of 1-4 with 1 being poor and 4 being excellent.
40 responses. No additional comments provided.
For more information on Essential Skills hiring tools that are available to employers, see Think, Know, Do at the end of this report.
2020Essential Skills for Employment
For each of the following Essential Skills, please provide typical examples of skills the employee would need to demonstrate ability to perform. For example, for Reading Text: read detailed work instructions, accident investigation reports, policies and procedures.
The following represents a summary of comments on how Essential Skills are
used in the workplace.
(33 responses)
Reading Text
bulletins
work orders
policies and procedures
newsletters;
technical specifi cations
computer programming languages
emails
accident reports
schedules
task lists
box labels
patient charts
medical observation notes
Question:
detailed student documents
maps
feedback
matching up parts to use in an assembly
MSDS sheets
reading pick tickets in the warehouse
inventory sheets
fl oor plans
customer orders
technical requirements/drawings
reading on-air (radio)
laws and taxation issues.
process
2121Essential Skills for Employment
Document Use
blueprints
work instructions
accident forms
technical function specifi cations
work schedules
refrigeration temperature logs
formatting and inserting
information
Numeracy
projections
basic math calculations
interpreting number reports/budgets
production runs, order checking
calculating tuition amounts
adding on time cards
balancing petty cash
invoicing
complete retail transactions, making change and verifying jackpots
achieving sales objectives
collect and account for money.
creating reports
organizing complex job information
audit reports
pick tickets
project plans
ability to skim documents and organize bypriority, prepare and understand spreadsheets.
2222Essential Skills for Employment
Writing
writing letters/emails/memos
reports
work instructions
presentations, creating Power Point
writing meeting minutes
formal documents, proposals; professional documents
newsletters, advertising, writing news scripts
fi lling out forms
purchase orders
completing forms
specifi cations; customer and sales information
Oral Communication
presentations
face-to-face meetings
teleconferencing; clear directions
work orders
speaking to peers and supervisors
answer phones
instructions to team
speaking with offi ce staff
mentoring others
explaining problems
engage with others in focus groups facilitated
excellent grammar.
by other people
2323Essential Skills for Employment
Continuous Learning
open to new ideas
change thinking
problem solving
applying learning on the job
educate to stay current
new systems and processes
policy changes
new skills – AZ and DZ licences
leadership, career development
Working With Others
meetings
problem solving
confl ict resolution
goal setting
inter-offi ce relationships
team successes
focus group involvement
project participation
working with different teamsdealing with public/upset people, patience in answering questions/explaining concepts.
ongoing training or cross-training toenhance ability to assist customers or for promotional opportunities
learning new technologies
expanding knowledge of local issues.
2424Essential Skills for Employment
It’s important that when talking about Essential Skills we keep in mind that each industry uses them differently. comment by project partners
79 per cent of respondents to a Conference Board of Canada study said productivity increased because of basic skills programs in their workplaces. – The Economic Benefi ts of Improving Literacy Skills in the Workplace, Conference Board of Canada, 2007
Thinking Skills
analysis
creative thinking
detailed and logical problem solving
confl ict management
thinking ahead
thinking like a customer
common sense required
analysis of patient information
deal with emergent issues
thinking continuous improvement
working through student issues
diagnosing issues
original thinking
problem solving when not enough
items in stock
daily problem solving
problem solving technical issues
read
comprehend instructions/questions.
working on assignments with no supervision
customer sales – how to help customers resolve concerns
understand and perform practical exercises
suggesting changes to work procedures
2525Essential Skills for Employment
Computer Skills
learn and operate SAP computer system
access required information when needed
order processing
creating word programs
Excel, spreadsheets, budgets, project planning
using time clocks
stock checking, using cash registers and weigh scales, email
data input and verifying data
PeopleSoft, MS Offi ce Suite
repair and parts manual/internet based
tying computers to vehicles
audio editing (radio)
quality assurance data access and use graphs
work instructions
demonstrate comfort level using equipment.
2626Essential Skills for Employment
How are the Essential Skills used in your company?
Reading Text
_________________________________________________________________
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Document Use
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Numeracy
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Think
2727Essential Skills for Employment
Writing
_________________________________________________________________
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Oral Communication
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Working with Others
_________________________________________________________________
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ThinkHow are the Essential Skills used in your company?
2828Essential Skills for Employment
How are the Essential Skills used in your company?
Thinking Skills
_________________________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________________________
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Computer Use
__________________________________________________________________
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Continuous Learning
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Think
2929Essential Skills for Employment
How could knowing this help you to hire the right people for your workplace?
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Essential Skills: How do they rate in your company?(1-9, with 1 being the most important)
� Reading Text � Document Use� Numeracy � Writing� Oral Communication � Working with Others� Thinking Skills� Computer Use� Continuous Learning
Think
3030Essential Skills for Employment
Discover the Essential Skills that are needed for your workplace
Human Resources and Skills Development Canada (HRSDC)(Free Essential Skills Toolkits for employers)
Below is list of just some of the items you may be interested in. Download the toolkits or order them for free!
Organizational Needs AssessmentThis needs assessment allows you to determine whether skills gaps are impacting your business performance. This could offer valuable insight into the current skills situation and training needs in your organization.
Workplace SurveyThis survey can help you examine the Essential Skills of your organization as a whole or can be applied to different individuals or groups (e.g. all employees in a certain occupation). Individual employees may also want to complete the survey as an assessment of their own skills.
Workplace Check-upThis tool is designed to help employers gather employee feedback on Essential Skills in the workplace. The information collected will provide employers with a better understanding of the training needs of their organization. Employers may fi nd it useful to complete the chart and compare their responses with those of their employees.
Know
3131Essential Skills for Employment
Hiring ChecklistThis tool is designed to support employers’ hiring decisions. Finding out which Essential Skills a potential employee would bring to the workplace is important. It can help determine if the skills a candidate demonstrates match the skills required for the position being fi lled.
Essential Skills Interview Assistant CD
This CD is a tool that you can customize for your workplace. It will help you prepare to conduct interview sessions with job candidates. It provides Essential Skills-based assessment questions for certain job and possible answers.
http://www.hrsdc.gc.ca/eng/workplaceskills/essential_skills/general/home.shtml
Know
National Occupational Classifi cation (NOC) Codes
Over the past several years, the Government of Canada has conducted extensive research examining the skills people use in the workplace. From this research and through interviews with workers, managers, practitioners and leading researchers, close to 200 Essential Skills profi les for various occupations have been developed. Search the NOC codes that match the work your company does to fi nd what Essential Skills are needed.
http://www.hrsdc.gc.ca/eng/workplaceskills/noc/index.shtml
Also at this site is a free guide:
“Job Descriptions: An Employers’ Handbook -How to write them - How to use them”
http://www.hrsdc.gc.ca/eng/workplaceskills/noc/employers/emplr_hand-books.shtml
3232Essential Skills for Employment
Know if your employees have the skills they need to succeed
Test of Workplace Essential Skills (TOWES)
Many employers have been using years-in-school or other credentials to measure an applicant’s abilities. By doing this, employers could be limiting their chances of hiring the best employees for the job, as some employees have the skills but not the educational credentials. TOWES gives employers a way to set reasonable and valid entry-level job requirements. TOWES testing is offered through local colleges (at a cost). Find if your employees have the skills they need to work effectively.
TOWES.com
Measure Up!
A free web-based tool that helps employees to test their own Essential Skills. Each problem set is based on a document - a memo, catalogue, regulations, work order - associated with the workplace. These online activities could give employees a chance to see what skills they have and what skills they need to improve.
measureup.towes.com
Know
3333Essential Skills for Employment
• Identify the NOC codes that are used in your organization skills.edu.gov.on.ca
Select “Occupation and Tasks” from the tool bar at the top of the page. Select “Sort by Title” to fi nd a listing of occupations
• Create a job ad or job description that focuses on Essential Skills and habits needed for your workplace skills.edu.gov.on.ca
Find the following “Employer Tools” in the tool bar at the top of the page • Create a job ad or job description • Tips for interviewing and hiring • Tips for giving feedback on job performance
• Review your hiring process to see if you are hiring based on skills and not just academic achievement
• Encourage employees to build their Essential Skills skills.edu.gov.on.ca
Select “Check-up Tools” from the tool bar at the top. Self-assessments are available for employees to explore what Essential Skills they can improve.
• Plan for professional development to address gaps in Essential Skills in your organization
Contact Literacy Link South Central to discuss your training needs (see information on the back cover.)
Do
Content for the employer survey report was compiled by:
EMOLTB is funded by:
The employer survey for this report was designed by Richard Weston, Weston Management Resources and Deb Mountenay, Executive Director, EMOLTB, with valuable input from the Project Partners
Literacy Link South Central
Literacy Link South Central services the 6 counties of Oxford, Elgin, Middlesex, Brant, Haldimand and Norfolk, as part of the Employment Ontario system. We help adults in our community to build their literacy and Essential Skills for success at work.
We can help you to: • determine your workplace literacy and Essential Skills needs • connect with literacy and Essential Skills providers in your community
Literacy Link South Central [email protected] (519) 681-7307www.llsc.on.ca