Essential QuestionsWhat is the difference between

prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

What is the difference between plant cells and animal cells?

What are cell organelles and their functions?

What is the cell theory?

Discovery of CellsRobert Hooke – discovered cells while

looking through microscopeHe examined dead cork cells from oak bark He coined the term cells based on his room

or “cell” that he lived in while he was a monk

Discovery of CellsOther scientist have contributed to the

recognition of cellsScientist such as Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden,

Schwann, and Virchow all studied cellsAll these scientists’ work led to the cell

theory

Cell TheoryExplains why cells are important to life

1) All living things are made of cells

2) All cells come from other cells

3) Cells are the basic unit of life

Cell Types2 types of cells

1) Prokaryotic CellsProkaryotes

NO true nucleusNO membrane –bound

organellesSmaller in size

Example: Bacteria

2) Eukaryotic CellsEukaryotes

True nucleusMembrane – bound

organellesLarger in size

Example: Plants, Animals, Fungi

Prokaryotic CellsThey have a cell (plasmsa) membrane and a

cell wallNucleoid – Region where DNA is containedOrganelles such as ribosomes

** REMEMBER NO MEMBRANES WILL BEAROUND AN ORGANELLE FOUNDIN PROKARYOTIC CELLS

Eukaryotic Cells 1) Animal Cells 2) Plant Cells

3) Protist Cells 4)Fungi Cells

Which came first?Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes?

Endosymbiotic TheoryFirst proposed by

Lynn Margulis in 1967Eukaryotic cell

evolved from several prokaryotic cells living within each other (Endo-) in a mutual relationship (Symbiotic)

Endosymbiotic Theory

OrganellesOrganelles = “little organs” inside cellsAn organelle is an internal structure (or

compartment) within the cell that performs special functions

Each organelle has a special function and each organelle is unique in shape

Guess the organelle

Plasma (Cell)MembraneSurrounds the cellProtects & supports the cellSemi-permeable

Allows some things through while keeping others out

Controls what can enter or leave the cell in order to maintain homeostasis

Made of phospholipidsHas carbohydrates and proteins embedded in

the membrane

CytoplasmA jelly-like substance found in the cell Holds the organellesWhere reactions will occur in a cell

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Stores – genetic information (DNA,Chromosomes)

Controls the activities of the cellHas a nuclear envelope (nuclear membrane)

surrounding it

What type of cell contains a nucleus? _______________

Nucleolus and RibosomesNucleolus - found inside the nucleusIts function is to make ribosomesDisappears during cell division

Ribosomes –synthesize or make proteinsCan be found free in the cytoplasm or

attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum – ER

Tube-like canals

Two Types of ER

1)SER – Smooth Endoplasmic ReticulumNO ribosomes – makes lipids and helps with metabolism

2)RER – Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum has ribosomes on it – makes protein to be carried

out of the cell

Golgi BodyGolgi body, Golgi apparatus, or Golgi

complexSac-like structureReceives proteins from the ER Packages and ships the protein out of the cell

in vesicles

Mitochondria• Singular =

mitochondrion

• The “powerhouse” of the cell

• Where cellular respiration occurs and where energy is made

Lysosomes• Contain digestive

enzymes that will breakdown unwanted waste from the cell

• Digest other cell parts that are no longer needed

• Digest macromolecules

Structures Unique to Animal CellsCentrosome (centrioles) used during cell

division Found near the nucleus

Structures Unique to Plant CellsCell Wall – Found on the outer region of cell. Against cell wall is the plasma membrane

Plants will have both a cell wall and plasma (cell) membrane.

Made of cellulose Gives plant cells structure and shapeFunction is protect and support the cell

Structures Unique To Plant Cells Chloroplast – converts light energy to

chemical energy through a process called photosynthesis

Site of photosynthesis

Inside is chlorophyll - a pigment that gives plants and leaves its green color

Structures Unique To Plant CellsCentral Vacuole – large and central

structure used for storageCan store water, food, and wasteVacuoles are also in animal cells but are

much smaller

Cell MotilityCilia – hair like structures used for cell

movement Flagella – long whip-like structures used for

cell movement

Summarize1. Construct a Venn diagram to compare &

contrast bacteria, animal, and plant cells2. Create a flow chart for protein synthesis

using the following terminologyRibosomeEndoplasmic reticulumGolgi bodyVesicle