Essential Question: – What role did the United States play in fighting in Europe during World War...
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![Page 1: Essential Question: – What role did the United States play in fighting in Europe during World War II? Monday 10/22/12.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062618/5514245d5503466d1a8b49da/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
■Essential Question:–What role did the United States
play in fighting in Europe during World War II?
Monday 10/22/12
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From 1939 to 1942, the Axis Powers dominated Europe, North Africa, & Asia
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Germany used blitzkrieg tactics to dominate Eastern & Western
Europe
England was wounded from German attacks in
the Battle of Britain
Hitler broke the Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact & marched into Russia
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The German & Italian armies dominated Northern Africa, threatened the Suez
Canal & the oil fields in the Middle East
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The Japanese dominated Asia, crippled the U.S. navy after the Pearl Harbor attack,
& seized most Western colonies in the Pacific
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However, U.S. entrance into the war in 1941 helped the Allies turn the tide and defeat the Axis by 1945
FDR & Churchill agreed that defeating Hitler was the top priority, but American troops would be
deployed to fight Japan at the same time
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To win in Europe, the U.S. had to secure the trans-Atlantic supply lines against
German submarines
The Allies won the Battle of the Atlantic by
breaking Germany’s coded communications
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When the USA entered WWII, Stalin wanted the Allies to open a Western
Front & divide German army
Instead, Britain & USA agreed to fight the Axis Powers in North Africa
(Stalin was angry )
The Allies defeated Germany at the Battle of El Alamein in 1942 & then pushed the Axis Powers out of Africa
American & British troops invaded Italy, took Sicily in 1943,
seized Rome in 1944
In 1945, Mussolini was captured & executed by
the Italian resistance
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Meanwhile, the Soviet army stopped the German attack at Moscow & Leningrad in 1942
The Soviets defeated the German army at
the Battle of Stalingrad
The Soviet victory at Stalingrad was a turning point in World War II because the Russians began
pushing towards Germany from the East by 1943
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By 1944, the Allies decided to open a Western Front
by invading Nazi-occupied FranceOperation Overlord
(called D-Day) in June 1944 was the largest land
& sea attack in history
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The Normandy invasion was deadly, but the
Allied victory created a Western Front…
America: Story of Us: D-Day
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…and allowed the Allies to push towards
Germany from the West
At the same time, the Soviet army pushed from the East
By March 1945, the Allies were fighting in Germany & pushing
towards Berlin
Forced to fight a two-front war, Hitler ordered a massive
counter-attack at the Battle of the Bulge...but lost
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In February 1945, the “Big Three” met at the
Yalta Conference to create a plan for Europe after the war was over
They agreed to allow self-determination (free elections) in nations freed from Nazi rule
Stalin agreed to send troops to help the U.S. invade Japan
They agreed to occupy Germany
after the warThey agreed to create & join a United Nations
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As the Allies pushed into Germany & Poland, troops discovered & liberated concentration & death camps
Liberation of Nazi Concentration Camps (2.16)
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In April 1945, the Soviet army captured Berlin
On April 30, 1945, Hitler committed suicide
On May 9, 1945, the German government
signed an unconditional surrender to the Allies The world celebrated
V-E Day (Victory in Europe)
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The United States & the Holocaust
■ Examine the timeline “Stages of the Holocaust” & read “Response to the Holocaust from the U.S.”
■With a partner, answer the 3 discussion questions & prepare for a class discussion
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■ 1. During World War II, women and minorities made economic gains mainly because
A.a shortage of traditional labor created new opportunities in the workplace
B.more educational opportunities increased the number of skilled workers in these groups
C.labor unions successfully demanded equal opportunities for these groups
D.new civil rights legislation forced businesses to change their hiring practices
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■ 2. A violation of civil rights that occurred in the United States during World War II was the
A.arrests made as a result of the Palmer raids
B.passage of an open immi-gration lawC.internment of Japanese AmericansD.forced removal of Native American Indians from their reservation
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■ 3. The United States became involved in World War II primarily because
A.Germany refused to pay its debts from World War I
B.European democracies supported United States policies toward Germany and Japan
C.President Franklin D. Roosevelt did not enforce the Neutrality Acts
D.Germany and Japan achieved important military successes in Europe and Asia