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essays
letters-to-the-editor
advertising
speech writing
Letters to family, friends, colleagues, potential donors or
voters
poetry
songs
editorials
Etc.advice columns
award nominations
•To change a rule or policy
•To change a person’s attitude
•To change a person’s behavior
•To change a situation•To ask for money
•To ask for people’s votes•To ask for a privilege
•To ask for support of a cause
The Art of Successful PersuasionThe Art of Successful Persuasion
Pinpoint your objective- What is your purpose?Pinpoint your objective- What is your purpose?
Know your audienceKnow your audience
Who is the Audience?Brainstorm the
names of several magazines.
SeventeenMagazine
Teenage girls
Relating Factor: Are the intended audience for
as as
Complete a Bridge Map like the one below.
Knowing your audience is important because...Knowing your audience is important because...
It will determine the kind of language andarguments to use and avoidIt will determine the kind of language andarguments to use and avoid
It will determine how much backgroundinformation to include in the introductionIt will determine how much backgroundinformation to include in the introduction
It will help the writer find common ground with the reader - arguments used mustappeal to common interests and shared goals
It will help the writer find common ground with the reader - arguments used mustappeal to common interests and shared goals
The Art of Successful PersuasionThe Art of Successful Persuasion
Pinpoint your objective- What is your purpose?Pinpoint your objective- What is your purpose?
Know your audienceKnow your audience
Know which appeals can be used with your audienceKnow which appeals can be used with your audience
Persuasive Appeals
WhineBeg
Make wild promisesThreaten blackmail
Persuasive Appeals
Shared Values
and Beliefs
If I can find some common ground between us,I can use this to persuade you to do …whatever.(ex. “You have always wanted me to be responsibleand having a pet will teach me responsibility.”)
Referred to as “identification”, this can be themost powerful persuasive tool at our disposal.
Looks at what we have in common and how this canbe used to enlarge upon our similarities. (ex. Wewere both in the Marines, born in Illinois, etc.)
Focus on common goals. For example, we both wantthis thing so therefore you should go along withmy way of thinking.
Persuasive Appeals
Shared Values
and Beliefs
Emotionsand
Vanity
Persuades by inducing any of the following:
Guilt – If you don’t give there will be children who get no Christmas presents this year.
Security – Vote for increased salaries for our policemen and keep our community safe.
Greed – Investing now means a greater payoff later.
Pity – In our area there are children who have never received a Christmas gift.
Humor – Don’t be the Scrooge of the community. Get out your checkbook.
Love – Poor little children in our community will love you for making their Christmas a special one.
Persuades by inducing any of the following:
Guilt – If you don’t give there will be children who get no Christmas presents this year.
Security – Vote for increased salaries for our policemen and keep our community safe.
Greed – Investing now means a greater payoff later.
Pity – In our area there are children who have never received a Christmas gift.
Humor – Don’t be the Scrooge of the community. Get out your checkbook.
Love – Poor little children in our community will love you for making their Christmas a special one.
Persuades by inducing any of the following:
Guilt – If you don’t give there will be children who get no Christmas presents this year.
Security – Vote for increased salaries for our policemen and keep our community safe.
Greed – Investing now means a greater payoff later.
Pity – In our area there are children who have never received a Christmas gift.
Humor – Don’t be the Scrooge of the community. Get out your checkbook.
Love – Poor little children in our community will love you for making their Christmas a special one.
Persuades by inducing any of the following:
Guilt – If you don’t give there will be children who get no Christmas presents this year.
Security – Vote for increased salaries for our policemen and keep our community safe.
Greed – Investing now means a greater payoff later.
Pity – In our area there are children who have never received a Christmas gift.
Humor – Don’t be the Scrooge of the community. Get out your checkbook.
Love – Poor little children in our community will love you for making their Christmas a special one.
Persuades by inducing any of the following:
Guilt – If you don’t give there will be children who get no Christmas presents this year.
Security – Vote for increased salaries for our policemen and keep our community safe.
Greed – Investing now means a greater payoff later.
Pity – In our area there are children who have never received a Christmas gift.
Humor – Don’t be the Scrooge of the community. Get out your checkbook.
Love – Poor little children in our community will love you for making their Christmas a special one.
Persuades by inducing any of the following:
Guilt – If you don’t give there will be children who get no Christmas presents this year.
Security – Vote for increased salaries for our policemen and keep our community safe.
Greed – Investing now means a greater payoff later.
Pity – In our area there are children who have never received a Christmas gift.
Humor – Don’t be the Scrooge of the community. Get out your checkbook.
Love – Poor little children in our community will love you for making their Christmas a special one.
Appeals to vanity –
If you give just $100.00 your name will appear as a contributor in our publication. Your friends will see the depth of your commitment to this worthwhile project .
Persuasive Appeals
Shared Values
and Beliefs
Emotionsand
Vanity
Benefits to the
Audience
These benefits could be related to:
FinancesHealthSafety
Social statusTime Etc.
For example: With a new bike I could runerrands for you, like going to the store or tothe post office. This will save you time so
you can read or watch T.V.
Persuasive Appeals
Shared Values
and Beliefs
Emotionsand
Vanity
Benefits to the
Audience
Scientific/ Numerical
Factsor
Self-EvidentTruths
This is theBest Support for the Writer’s Argument
These might be:
Concrete examplesNarrative vignettes (anecdotes)
Authoritative quotesStatistics
DefinitionsFacts
Witness statementsExpert testimony
The Art of Successful PersuasionThe Art of Successful Persuasion
Pinpoint your objective- What is your purpose?Pinpoint your objective- What is your purpose?
Know your audienceKnow your audience
Know which appeals can be used with your audienceKnow which appeals can be used with your audience
Know how to organize your informationKnow how to organize your information
{PersuasiveEssay
Opening Statement withWriter’s Opinion
Series of Argumentsthat Support the Opinion
Conclusion Drawn Fromthe Arguments
Modeling the Persuasive Essay
Prompt: There has been much talk among members ofthe school board in your district regarding whether ornot to require students to wear uniforms to school. Write a letter to the editor of your local newspaperstating your position and supporting it with threeconvincing reasons.
Step 1: Consider your audience and the format that your writing will take
Audience – literate adults, many influential in local decisions – members of school board could also read the informationFormat – letter to the editor
Step 2: Consider the pros and cons of both positions. Record this information on a Tree Map.
People won’t bejudged by clothes
Less costly toparents
Allows more timeto focus on activitiesmore worthwhile than
shopping
Creates a sense ofschool spirit and
unity
Boring to look ateveryone dressed
the same
Takes away freedomof choice
Everyone might notlook good in school colors
Takes away fromshopping, a favorite
pastime for teens
Wearing Uniforms
Pluses Minuses
Step 3: Decide on your position. Select your 3 most convincing reasons to support your position.
People won’t bejudged by clothes
Less costly toparents
Allows more timeto focus on activitiesmore worthwhile than
shopping
Creates a sense ofschool spirit and
unity
Boring to look ateveryone dressed
the same
Takes away freedomof choice
Everyone might notlook good in school colors
Takes away fromshopping, a favorite
activity for teens
Wearing Uniforms
Pluses Minuses
Step 4: Write your opening paragraph. Use an attention-getting technique to introduce your position. Include a thesis statement that clearly states your opinion.
Have you ever been to a party or public function whereyou felt out of place because of what you were wearing?Maybe you did not have on the latest fashion becauseyour budget would not allow you to spend that kind of money on clothes. Every day there are students in ourschools who feel self-conscious because of their clothes.Such would not be the case if students in our schooldistrict wore uniforms to school. Please consider thefollowing before making your final decision regarding thisissue.
Attention getter – make a connection with reader.
thesis statement
invitation to read further
Introduction
1. Attention getter (grabber) –consider an idea to be refuted or a startling statement, fact, or statistic.
2. Any important background for the reader –consider explaining how things are now, anything the reader doesn’t already know about the subject, etc…For example: Motercycle laws, as they stand today, require a rider to be 18 years of age before a person can qualifiy for a motorcycle license.
Introduction continued…
3. Thesis statement
4. Invitation to read further…Something like: There are several reasons why this policy (law) (program) must change!
Step 5: Select your 2/3 best reasons to support your position. Place the reasons on your Flow Map in the order of least important to most important.
Have you ever been to a party or public function whereyou felt out of place because of what you were wearing?Maybe you did not have on the latest fashion becauseyour budget would not allow you to spend that kind of money on clothes. Every day there are students in ourschools who feel self-conscious because of their clothes.Such would not be the case if students in our schooldistrict wore uniforms to school. Please consider thefollowing before making your final decision regarding thisissue.
More time forother activities
Less costly toparents
People won’t bejudged by clothes
Select transition words and phrases.
In the first place Another reason Finally
Write supporting details under each reason. Have you ever been to a party or public function whereyou felt out of place because of what you were wearing?Maybe you did not have on the latest fashion becauseyour budget would not allow you to spend that kind of money on clothes. Every day there are students in ourschools who feel self-conscious because of their clothes.Such would not be the case if students in our schooldistrict wore uniforms to school. Please consider thefollowing before making your final decision regarding thisissue.
More time forother activities
Less costly toparents
People won’t bejudged by clothes
Put an * where you will address counterarguments.
In the first place Another reason Finally
Won’t hang outat malls
Parents haveextra money
Popular kids won’t havestylish clothes
Do morecommunity service
Single parentscan’t afford clothes
People who don’tdress well won’t be labeled
Spend more timewith family
Put money intocollege fund
People judged by other qualities* *
Have you ever been to a party or public function whereyou felt out of place because of what you were wearing?Maybe you did not have on the latest fashion becauseyour budget would not allow you to spend that kind of money on clothes. Every day there are students in ourschools who feel self-conscious because of their clothes.Such would not be the case if students in our schooldistrict wore uniforms to school. Please consider thefollowing before making your final decision regarding thisissue.
More time forother activities
Less costly toparents
People won’t bejudged by clothes
In the first place Another reason Finally
Won’t hang outat malls
Parents haveextra money
Popular kids havestylish clothes
Do morecommunity service
Single parentscan’t afford clothes
People who don’tdress well labeled
Spend more timewith family
Put money intocollege fund
People judged by other qualities*
*
Step 6: Write a closing paragraph
There is absolutely no doubt that requiring students towear uniforms to school would solve a lot of problemsfor both students and their parents. Mothers andfathers will feel less pressure financially, students willnot be judged by the clothes they wear, and, without the focus on shopping for the latest fashions, studentscould be encouraged to spend their time in more worth-while activities. While we all acknowledge that theadolescent years are a time for self expression anddeveloping a personal identity, I urge you to allow ourstudents to be appreciated and recognized by what iswithin rather than what is on the outside.
restatement of position
arguments summarized
acknowledge opposition
solicitation of support
Conclusion Paragraph
1. Restate your thesis or position.1. A shorter school year is definitely the way to go if
you want more students to graduate.
2. Summarize your arguments. This is when you give what you think the solution will be, or when you tell your reader how by following your advice will improve a situation.
1. By reducing students’ stress, allowing students time to get jobs and save their parents some money, and providing more days off for people to become teachers and get rid of our teacher shortages, Texas will see a dramatic decrease in their drop out rates.
Conclusion paragraph continued…
3. Acknowledge your opposition (counterargument)
1. While opponents of this idea may feel that not enough learning will take place, the opposite will be true. Students will not be as bored and will pay attention more if they go for a shorter period of days and are not stuck in school all week long.
4. A solicitation of support (A call for action)1. I urge you to act now! Write your local school
board and demand a four day school week today!
Have you ever been to a party or public function whereyou felt out of place because of what you were wearing?Maybe you did not have on the latest fashion becauseyour budget would not allow you to spend that kind of money on clothes. Every day there are students in ourschools who feel self-conscious because of their clothes.Such would not be the case if students in our schooldistrict wore uniforms to school. Please consider thefollowing before making your final decision regarding thisissue.
More time forother activities
Less costly toparents
People won’t bejudged by clothes
In the first place Another reason Finally
Won’t hang outat malls
Parents haveextra money
Popular kids havestylish clothes
Do morecommunity service
Single parentscan’t afford clothes
People who don’tdress well labeled
Spend more timewith family
Put money intocollege fund
People judged by other qualities*
*
Step 7: Orally rehearse. Remember the format.
There is absolutely no doubt that requiring students to wear uniforms to school would solve a lot of problems for both students and their parents. Mothers and fathers will feel less pressure financially, students will not be judged by the clothes they wear, and, without the focus on shopping for the latest fashions, students could be encouraged to spend their time in more worth-while activities. While we all acknowledge that theadolescent years are a time for self expression and developing a personal identity, I urge you to allow our students to be appreciated and recognized by what is within rather than what is on the outside.
Have you ever been to a party or public function whereyou felt out of place because of what you were wearing?Maybe you did not have on the latest fashion becauseyour budget would not allow you to spend that kind of money on clothes. Every day there are students in ourschools who feel self-conscious because of their clothes.Such would not be the case if students in our schooldistrict wore uniforms to school. Please consider thefollowing before making your final decision regarding thisissue.
More time forother activities
Less costly toparents
People won’t bejudged by clothes
In the first place Another reason Finally
Won’t hang outat malls
Parents haveextra money
Popular kids havestylish clothes
Do morecommunity service
Single parentscan’t afford clothes
People who don’tdress well labeled
Spend more timewith family
Put money intocollege fund
People judged by other qualities*
*
Step 8: Write your essay in the appropriate format using your Flow Map
There is absolutely no doubt that requiring students to wear uniforms to school would solve a lot of problems for both students and their parents. Mothers and fathers will feel less pressure financially, students will not be judged by the clothes they wear, and, without the focus on shopping for the latest fashions, students could be encouraged to spend their time in more worth-while activities. While we all acknowledge that theadolescent years are a time for self expression and developing a personal identity, I urge you to allow our students to be appreciated and recognized by what is within rather than what is on the outside.