ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. Design concepts of and lessons learned from the SINQ High Power...
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Transcript of ESS-Bilbao Initiative Workshop. Design concepts of and lessons learned from the SINQ High Power...
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
Aare
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI G:ER01/standard/2003
Neutron Spallation Source SINQ
Proton accelerator
Design Concepts of and Lessons Learned from theSINQ High Power Targets
by Werner WagnerSpallation Neutron Source Division ASQPaul Scherrer Institut, PSI, Switzerland
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
Vertical Section of the SINQ Facility
SINQ Targetstation
Target bulk shielding
Proton beam:590 MeV, 51 MHz2.0-2.2 mA ���� 1.3 MWon SINQ:
~ 1.4 mA ���� 0.8 MW
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
SINQ target development:
The early concept…….
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
late 1980‘s:
Concept of aLiquid Metal Target for SINQ
Ch. Tschalär, W. Fischer, G. Bauer et al.Presented at ICANS-XI (1990)
Internatl. Collaboration onAdvanced Neutron Sources
Vision or Fiction?
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
outline
• The SINQ solid target– from early achievments to routine operation
• The MEGAPIE „adventure“• Recent improvements of the solid target• The ultimate goal: LIMETS
– a routine liquid metal target for SINQ
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
outline
• The SINQ solid target– from early achievments to routine operation
• The MEGAPIE „adventure“• Recent improvements of the solid target• The ultimate goal: LIMETS
– a routine liquid metal target for SINQ
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
Vertical Section of the SINQ Facility
SINQ Targetstation
Target bulk shielding
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
1997-1999The SINQ Target Mark 2: Solid target with Zircaloy rods
equipped with thermocouples and test specimen rods: start of STIP, the SINQ Target Irradiation Program
as manufacturedafter 2 years of service (6800 mAh of 570 MeV protons)
Gerd Heidenreich
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
Since 2000: SINQ-Target Mark 3:� Lead rods, cladded by steel tubes
� 42% increase in neutron yield
� STIP continued and consolidated
Proton Beam
5
11
14
Tensile, Fatigue, TEMPb-Bi CapsulesPb-Bi CapsulesHg Capsules
Tensile, Fatigue, TEMTensile, Fatigue, TEMBend bar, Tensile, TEM
Bend bar, Tensile, TEM
Charpy samples
Charpy samplesCharpy samples
Charpy samplesBend bar, Tensile, TEMCarbon fibre samplesFatigue, SANS, TAP
DY,13.12.99
Including samples
14
1213
CT, Tal-clad W, SiC SANS
Thermocouple
Note: The materials of thesamples are Steel, Inconel Zircaloy mainly.
12.8
22.0
8
Tensile, TEM
Rod
A
1
3
C
6
8
9
12
B
2
4
1
7
9
1110
8
4
65
23
BC
A
7
10
13
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
ManipulatorTarget handling and dismantlingin ATEC hotcell
Kurt Geissmann et al.
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
A martensitic steel T91 (9Cr2WTaV) tensile specimen irradiated in liquid Lead-Bismuth-Eutectic
After 12 dpa (2 years of irradiation) at 210 to 250°C: NO severe LBE corrosion and NO LBE embrittlement effects
Approaching a lifetime assessment of high-power target materials:
Extensive materials studies within STIP
Yong Dai et al.
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
outline
• The SINQ solid target– from early achievments to routine operation
• The MEGAPIE „adventure“
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
MEGAPIE A liquid metal target for SINQ
MEGAwatt Pilot Experiment:� Joint international initiative to design,
build, licence, operate and explorea liquid metal*) spallation targetfor 1 MW beam power
*) Lead-Bismuth-Eutectic (LBE)Tm=125oC
Goals of MEGAPIE:� Increase the neutron flux at SINQ� Demonstrate the feasibility of a liquid metal target
for high-power spallation and ADS applications
Initiated by Günter Bauer, managed and conducted byFriedrich Gröschel, Knud Thomsen et al.
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
Vertical Section of the SINQ Facility MEGAPIE target
2006: MEGAPIE (Flüssigmetalltarget)
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
MEGAPIE target featurestargethead
electro-magneticpumps
beamwindow
heatexchanger
safetyhull
lower targetassembly
central flowguide tube
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
System integration in SINQ (Jan.– July 2006)
Target head
Heat removal system(oil loop)
LBE filling system
Cover gas handling system
Insulation gas system
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
MEGAPIE Target Operation: full history
First protons on target, August 14
First protons on target August 14, 2006
On beam: August 14 – December 21, 2006• Accumulated charge: 2.8 Ah• Peak Current: 1400 µA• Beam trips (< 1 min): 5500• Interrupts (< 8 h): 570
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
Low beam 150 �A
THX inlet
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
Target temperatures at full beam
Cover gas: 226
�� ��
C
THX inlet: 315
�� ��
C
Spallation zoneoutlet: 340
�� ��
C
Oil outlet: 210
�� ��
C
THX outlet:229
�� ��
C
Spallation zone inlet: 280
�� ��
C
Beam current: 1274 mA
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
LBE: THX inlet
LBE: in main guide
LBE: THX outlet
Oil: THX inlet
Proton beam
LBE: lower main guide
Temperature transients during beam trips
� scrutinize / validate the thermo-hydraulic simulations
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUTNew safety- and diagnostic devices
LBE leak detector
Collimating slitin proton beamline
VIMOS: beam footprint visualization system
�Knud Thomsen et al
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
Neutron fluxes with MEGAPIEmeasured by Au foil activation (in neutrons/cm2/s/mA)
SINQ2005
Err.(%)
MEGAPIE2006
Err.(%)
ratio
ICON 3.80E+8 ~5 6.89E+8 ~5 1.81
NEUTRA 2.59E+7 ~5 4.80E+7 ~5 1.85
EIGER 6.46E+8 ~5 1.04E+9 ~5 1.61
NAA 5.82E+12* ~5 1.04E+13 ~5 1.79
Results
Flux gain byMEGAPIE
Markus Luethy
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
Understanding the flux gainCanneloni (with STIP) � MEGAPIE
• Compaction of reaction zone, no D2O, no steel and no empty volumes
• by that: ‚pushing out‘ the flux maximum
• and: no proton energy lossin water
• no STIP samples
Mark III (current) Megapie
Luca Zanini et al.
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
outline
• The SINQ solid target– from early achievments to routine operation
• The MEGAPIE „adventure“• Recent improvements of the solid target
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
Improvement options for the canneloni target
• Zr cladding (replacing steel)
Scetch from Knud Thomsen
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
Zr-clad rod: visual inspection
Zr-clad rods …after 2 years in SINQ (>10Ah of accumulated proton charge):
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
Improvement options for the canneloni target
• Zr cladding (replacing steel) done!
• compaction: closer rod-packing (2mm gap � 1mm),oval rod shape ?
• thinner tube wall(0.75 mm � 0.5 mm)
• Pb-reflectors filling the gap around the canneloni structure
• inverted calotte of safety hull
• No (or less) STIP samples
� 10-13%
� 5%
� 5%
� 10%
� 5%
� 10%∼∼∼∼45%
Scetch from Knud Thomsen
(predicted) gain
Michael Wohlmuther, Luca Zanini et al.
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUTCompact cannelloni target
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
Status: ready to be operated starting April 2009
The new Zr-Pb cannellomi target for SINQ
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
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Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
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Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
���������� � �� �� �� � ��� �� � ��� �
Basic technical parameters:
�Modular design allowing testing of different concepts of the THX, EMP, BEW
� Existing EMP (prototype of EMP1 for MEGAPIE) is adopted for the mock-up
�– Working fluid PbBi eutectic (melting temp. 126°C) or Pb (327°C), volume 65 l
� Maximum operation temperature – 500°°°°C
�Electric heater – 170 kW (former MEGAPIE test heater)
������
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Michael Wohlmuther et al.
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT� � � �� � � �� � �� ����� ��� �� ��
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Distribution of shear stress
Paul Scherrer Institut • 5232 Villigen PSI ESS Bilbao WS, March 16-19, 2009 / W. Wagner
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
��1����� ������0• Neutronics and target optimization:
– Michael Wohlmuther, Luca Zanini, Daniela Kiselev, Markus Luethy,…
• Liquid metal targets:– Friedrich Groeschel, Michael Wohlmuther, Sergej
Dementjev, Karel Samec, Rade Milenkovic, Jacek Patorski et al.
• Materials research:– Yong Dai et al.
• SINQ target management and operation:– Hajo Heyck, Kurt Geissmann, Frank Heinrich and the
operation team
• Knud Thomsen for always bringing-in good ideas