Español grammar book
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Transcript of Español grammar book
![Page 1: Español grammar book](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062319/558488d0d8b42a72258b4c4e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Español
Grammar
BookBy: Emilia
Snook
![Page 2: Español grammar book](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062319/558488d0d8b42a72258b4c4e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Table of Contents
0 Qué vs Cuál0 Ser0 Estar0 Gustar0 Transition Words0 Imperfect0 Triggers0 Acabar de0 Hace + time + que + verb
0 Formulas 0 Reflexive0 Tu commands
-affirmative-negative-irregular
0 DOP + Placement0 Preterite
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QUÉ vs CUÁL
Qué Cuál0Used when
asking for definitions
0Usually used before nouns
0Same singular and plural forms
0Usually used before “es” and other forms of “ser” when not asking for a definition
0Used to suggest a choice from a group
0Singular Form: ¿Cuál?
0Plural Form: ¿Cuáles?
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SERD Descriptions ¿Qué es?
O Origin ¿De dondé es?
C Characteristics ¿Comó es?
T Time ¿Qué hora es?
O Occupation ¿Qué hace?
R Relationship ¿Quién es?
P Possession ¿De quién es?
E Events ¿Cuandó/Dondé es?
D Dates ¿Qué día es hoy?
SOY ERES ES SOMOS SOIS SON
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ESTAR
Health
Emotions
Locatio
n
Present
Condition
-ING
Estar
Yo estoy
Tú estás
Él/Ella/Ud. Está
Nosotros estámos
Vosotros estáis
Ellos/Ellas/Ud. están
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GUSTAREnglish EspañolIt pleases me Me gusta
It pleases you Te gusta
It pleases him/her/it Le gusta
It pleases us Nos gusta
It pleases y’all (spain) Os gusta
It pleases them/ you (formal) Les gusta
¿Y si no me gusta?* ex. No te gusta los gatos
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TRANSITION WORDS
0 F- for0 A- and0 N- nor0 B- but0 O- or0 Y- yet0 S- so
0 Para
0 Y0 Ni0 Pero0 O0 Todavía0 Tan
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ImperfectHABLAR0 Yo hablaba0 Tú hablabas0 Él/Ella/Ud. hablaba0 Nosotros hablábamos0 Vosotros hablabais0 Ellos/Ellas/Uds. Hablaban
COMER0 Yo comía0 Tú comías0 Él/Ella/Ud. comÍa0 Nosotros comíamos0 Vosotros comíais0 Ellos/Ellas/Uds. comían
ESCRIBIR0 Yo escribía0 Tú escribías0 Él/Ella/Ud. escribÍa0 Nosotros escribíamos0 Vosotros escribíais0 Ellos/Ellas/Uds. escribían
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Acabar de0 To have just done something
0 Acabar de + infinitive verb
0 Ex. Acabar de comer una manzana.
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Hace + Time + Que + Conjugated Verb
0Formula for how long it has been since you have done something.
0Ex: Hace dos horas que comer mi almuerzo.
0Translated: It has been two hours since I have eaten my lunch.
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Formulas0Hace + Time + Que + Conjugated verb0How much time since you’ve been doing something
0Hay + Que + Infinitive0What needs/Must be done
0Se prohibe + infinitive0What is prohibited
0Ir + A + Infinitive0What is going to do
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Verbs like Gustar0Me: Gusta
Gustan0Te: Camina
Caminan0Le :Fascina
Fascinan0Nos: Baila
Bailan0Les: Vota
Votan
Ex. Me gusta su collar.
Te camina el perro.
Le fascina con su novio.
Nos baila con la musica.
Les vota en la elección
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Reflexives0When is a verb reflexive?
0When the do-er and the receiver are the same0How can I tell when a verb is
reflexive?0When the infinitive form of the verb ends in -se
Ex.Bañarse – to bathe oneself
Afeitarse – to shave oneself
Cepillarse – to brush oneself
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Tú Commands
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Affirmative0To make an affirmative command, simply drop the –s at the end of the tú form of the verb
Ex. ¡Come!¡Habla!¡Camina!
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Negative0To make a tù command negative:
Ex. Don’t eat itNo comer lo1st person como coma + s
¡No lo comas!
AR E
ER/IR A
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Irregular
0DI0HAZ0VE0PON0SAL0SÉ 0TEN0VEN
Affirmative
0NO DIGAS0NO HAGAS0NO VEAS0NO PONGAS0NO SALGAS0NO SÉ AS0NO TENGAS0NO VENGAS
Negative
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DOP Placement
0DOP takes the place of a noun0When you change the syllibification of a verb,
an accent mark is added to the antepenultima
LO LA
LOSLAS
Ex. ¡Bebe el agua!¡Bébela!
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DOP Placement
cont.0 DOP can only attach in three ways
1.Infinitive Ella va a comerlo.
2.Command¡Cómelo!
3.Present ProgressiveÉl está comiéndolo.
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Preterite
éasteóamosaron
íisteióimosieron
AR ER/IR
Preterite verbs are used for past actions that have been completed