España. 3) Geography Spain is located at the southeast of Europe Spain together with Portugal...
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España
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3) Geography Spain is located at the southeast of Europe Spain together with Portugal forms the
Iberian Peninsula Neighbors? Portugal at the edge of the peninsula Spain France
Temperature/climate of the different regionsNortheast lots of rain, the south very dry
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Spanish mountains
Excluding Switzerland, Spain is the most mountainous country in Europe
Snow covers the mountains of the Sierras
The Pyrenees mountains separates Spain from the rest of Europe
The Pyrenees separates Spain from France
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Pyrenees Mountains
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Las Sierras
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Spanish Cities and Regions North (Galicia, Asturias, Euskadi (el País Vasco), Navarro
East (Cataluña, Aragon, Valencia)
West (Extremadura, Valencia)
Center of Spain (Castilla -Leon and Castilla – La Mancha)
South - Andalucía
Mediterranean Sea (Las Islas Baleares, Mallorca, Menorca, Ibiza, Formentera)
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Languages of Spain
Barcelona and Catulaña – Catalan and Castellano
Euskadi – Euskera and Castellano Galicia – Gallego, Gallego-Portugues,
Castellano
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(Prehistoric) History of Spain
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The Iberians First recorded to be in Spain around 6th
century BC They were warrior like and an individualistic
society People were short and brown Also occupied England, Ireland, France, and
other places in Europe They were believed to be the precursors to
the Basque people because of the names of the rivers, cities, and mountains
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The Iberians
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The Celtics
They arrived at the Iberian Peninsula around 6th century
They were fair skinned and came from the Northern and central parts of Europe
They were a conglomerate of disorganized warrior like tribes. They were brave and usually fought unto their deaths
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The Celtics
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The PhoeniciansThey were the first to organized
trading on the peninsulaThey originated from the
Mediterranean islandsPhoenicians were traders, sailors
and SemitesThey were the founders of the
oldest City in Spain, CadizPhoenicians were generally
peaceful and calmThey taught the residents of the
peninsula how to use money, alphabet, metalwork and cloth/fabric
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The Greeks
Toward the 7th century, the Greeks began to move to the Iberian peninsula and were the first to begin to plant grapes and olives, in what is Spain today
They founded schools and Academies
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The Carthaginians
Cartago was a colony of Phoenicia situated in northern Africa
Population was more than a million inhabitants
Their army conquered Spain in the 3rd century under the leadership of Anibal
Cartago was destroyed and burned down by the Romans in 146 AD
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The Carthaginians
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The Romans It took 12 years to finally get rid of the
Carthaginians from Spain In the city of Numancia Spain, all the
soldiers committed suicide instead of being taken alive by the Roman soldiers
With the Roman culture mixed in with all the other races and languages, this was how the Spanish language was born
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The Romans
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The Vice Goths/ Visigoths After 6 centuries of roman rule, Spain was
invaded by barbarians from the north The barbarians took particular advantage of
the lands of the south of Spain These ‘barbarians’ were also known as
Goths/vice-Goths and were made up of various German tribes
In the 6th Century, the Goths converted to Christianity
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The Visigoths
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The Arabs In the 7th Century, the prophet Mohammed
founded the Islamic religion. This religion unified the different Arabic tribes
At that point in time, the Arabic tribes became the most powerful civilization in the world
The Islamic religion feuded with Christianity to become the dominant religion in the world
The Islamic tribes controlled many parts of Europe to the Middle East
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The Arabs cont’d In 711, the Arabs finally entered into Spain
and remained there for 8 centuries Although during those 8 centuries they
fought many times with the Spanish, they also spent many years living together peacefully
After many years of infighting, the Arabes finally were left with one main stronghold in Granada
The name of the main palace was la Alhambra. La Alhambra finally fell to the Christian forces in 1492
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5) Historic Spanish Architecture/Art
Prehistoric Art Roman architecture in SpainColiseums, bridges, theaters, temples
among othersRoman aqueduct of Segovia
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Arabic architecture in SpainDue to their belief in not reproducing the
human from, no Arabic art contain humans can be found
Arabic art is dominant in the south of Spain. Their art consisted of vibrant colors, intricate designs, and rich ornamentation.
The Mosque of Cordoba, converted into a Christian Church contains almost 1000 columns
The Alhambra or Red Palace of Granada was constructed in the 8th and 9th Century as a residence of the Moorish kings
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Spanish art in the middle ages
The bridge of ToledoThe cathedral of Santiago de
CompostelaThe cathedral de SevillaMurallas de AvilaCathedral of Jaen en Andalucia
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7) Spanish Literature What are Las ‘jarchas’Jarchas are the oldest form of Spanish literature that is
known. They are short poems written in Arabic and Spanish dialect. The main themes of these poems are frequently of love and the pain or ectasy it may bring
Pedro Calderon de la Barca Francisco de Quevedo Maria de Zayas
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Miguel Cervantes (1547 – 1616)
Cervantes was self-taught but also received formal education
He was also a soldier, and lost the use of his left hand in battle “for the greater good of the right” (according to Cervantes)
Most famous for his work – Don Quijote de la Mancha in 1605
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Lope de Vega (1562 – 1635) Born and died in Madrid Spain He attended a university operated by
Jesuit priests, but was largely self-taught He was part to the 1588 Invincible
Army Although he was married twice and had
many illegitimate children, he became a priest at age 52
He was a playwright, poet, and a priest Famous works: Fuenteovejuna
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Garcilaso de la Vega (1501 – 1536)
Was from a noble family, was a military man, diplomat, musician, and poet
He played the harp and the violinHe wrote in Spanish, Latin, and italianHe died in Battle at the age of 34
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8) Spanish Artists/Musicians Diego Velasquez Francisco de Goya Salvador Dali Antoni Gaudi Pablo Picasso
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Federico García Lorca (1898 – 1936)
Was born in Andalucía Spain Lorca was a poet, playwright, composer,
pianist, guitarist, director, and illustrator He was considered the poet of the gitanos
(gypsies), Blacks of New York, homosexuals, and oppressed women
He visited New York in 1929 – a visit that both impressed and depressed him
He was assassinated by a Franco loyalist
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Domenico Theotocopuli - El Greco (1542 – 1614) The name El Greco came about because
this painter was born in Crete, Greece Born in Greece, studied painting in Italy,
and one of the most famous Spanish painters
El Greco painted mainly religious themes -using somber colors, and people in reverential positions
Famous works: La crucifixion, El entierro del conde de Orgaz,
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1) Present day Spanish culture Bullfighting in Spain Spanish Music/Arts Food Sports