ESLG 320 Ch. 12

A little grammar language…

Parts of Speech

Noun: a person/place/thing/ideaVerb: an action or a state of beingAdjective: a word that describes nounsAdverb: a word that describes verbs

*and adjectives *and other adverbsPreposition: a word that describes

where something is (or when)Pronoun: a word that replaces a noun

What words DO in a sentence

Verbs & Verb Phrases Subjects - always nouns or noun clauses

Objects of Prepositions - always nouns or noun clauses

Objects of Verbs - always nouns or noun clauses

Direct Object Indirect Object

Clauses

A PHRASE is a group of words but does not have a subject + verb. It may have a verb and other words or a noun and other words.

A CLAUSE is a group of words…with a SUBJECT and a VERB

Clauses can be complete sentences - (independent clauses) OR not complete (dependent clauses).

Sentences & Clauses have S+VPhrases can have Nouns or Verbs but not S+V

Types of Clauses

In this class, we’ll learn about 3 types of clauses:

1. Noun Clauses - a group of words with a subject and verb, working in the sentence

AS A NOUN.

2. Adjective Clauses

3. Adverb Clauses (including time clauses)

Why are clauses wonderful?

You can make longer subjects and objects with noun clauses.

You can make longer adjectives and adverbs with those types of clause.

You can say a lot of ideas in one sentence, instead of many.

You can make more interesting sentences!

Single words vs. Clauses

Teachers were once students. What you have to understand about

teachers is that even though they give very hard quizzes, they were once students who had to take hard quizzes, even if they were not ready for them.

> How many clauses are there in the second sentence? Is it hard to see them all?

Take another look!

[What you have to understand about teachers]

subject noun clause is [that even though they give very hard quizzes, they were once students who had to take who had to take hard quizzeshard quizzes, even if they were not ready]noun clause.

> How many clauses are there? Did you count six (6)? (Don’t forget the whole sentence.)