EskimosEskimos

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EskimosEskimos

This is a good source of information for Eskimo ways of living and how they fed there families and how they

lived Alaskan Eskimos are the most numerous and most diverse of all Eskimo populations. Occupying the entire coast of Alaska with the exception of the Aleutian Islands and Southeast Alaska, Eskimos

inhabit a wide variety of environments ranging from the North Slope arctic tundras and coasts to the

Bering Sea lowlands and the mountainous, forested coasts of South Alaska. Eskimos are known today

under a variety of names, "Eskimo" or "Inuit" in Alaska, "Inuit" in Canada, and "Kalaadlit" in

Greenland. The geographic extent of their Alaskan territory covers thousands of miles of coastline. To

the east, peoples closely related to Alaskan Eskimos occupy the vast expanse of the Canadian Arctic and

Greenland, and to the west, across Bering Strait, they inhabited coastal regions of Chukotka.

This distribution, more than 6,000 miles (as the raven flies) across the top of the

North American continent, made Eskimos the most widespread aboriginal

population in the New World. Throughout this huge region the unity of

Eskimo culture is enhanced by their possession of similar languages, similar physical and genetic characteristics, and

to a lesser extent, possession of a common cultural base, the core of which

is adaptation to arctic and subarctic maritime environments. Technological, social, and ritual practices surrounding the hunting of arctic marine animals are the foundation on which most Eskimo

cultures rest. For those reasons Eskimo peoples on opposite sides of the North American arctic find more in common

with each other than they do with immediately adjacent Indian groups who

are their closest inland neighbors.

This is a good resource of Eskimo languages and maps of where bouts

they live]Eskimo-Aleut is a language family

native to Greenland, the Canadian Arctic, Alaska, and parts of

Siberia. Also called Eskaleut (Eskaleutian, Eskaleutic),

Eskimoan or Macro-Eskimo, it consists of the Eskimo languages

(known as Inuit in the north of Alaska, Canada and Greenland, and as

Yupik/Yup'ik in western and southwestern Alaska and in Siberia), and the single Aleut language of the

Aleutian and Pribilof Islands.

Eskimo is an exonym of Algonquian origin and is a deprecated name, but is retained to speak of the Yuit-Yup'ik-Inuit as a whole. Within Canada, Inuit is preferred. In Alaska, Yup'ik, Inupiaq, or Inuit is preferred, depending on who is being referred to.

Traditionally, the Eskimo languages family was divided into Inuit and Yup'ik (or Yup'ik-Yuit). However, recent research suggests that Yup'ik by itself is not a valid node, or, equivalently, that the Inuit dialect continuum is but one of several languages of the Yup'ik group. However, although it may be technically correct to replace the term Eskimo with Yup'ik in this classification, this would not be acceptable to most Inuit. Also, the Alaskan-Siberian dichotomy appears to have been geographical rather than linguistic.

FOOD: The cold waters of the Arctic provided the Eskimos witha great deal of their food. They lived on seals (the single most

important part of their diet), salmon, cod, whales, and other sealife. On land were caribou and geese in the summer. (You had to

go inland to find caribou.) During the winter they hunted polarbears, foxes, and hares. Their favorite foods were seal and caribou

meat, walrus liver, and the skin of whales. SHELTER: In order to find those animals, it was necessary forthe Eskimos to live a wandering life, following their migrations.

Generally, they would have a summer home and a winter home. Tents made of skin (seal or caribou) provided

shelter during the summer months. In winter, most of them builtsod houses. A dome-shaped snow house was built by somegroups as temporary shelter when traveling or hunting. Thiswould consist of blocks cut from the snow and built upward in aspiral shape. Outsiders would call this an "igloo," although to theEskimo any place for living can be called by that name.

CLOTHING: Animal skins provided clothing for the Eskimos;their favorite was caribou because it was warm and lightweight. Lacking caribou they would settle for seal, polar bear, or even Arctic fox. Styles varied from area to area, but inall regions everyone wore the same combination: a hoodedjacket, trousers or leggings, socks, boots, and mittens. Sometimes goggles made from wood or bone were worn. Inwinter two sets of clothes were used. The inner layer would havefur next to the skin. The second layer would have fur on theoutside. Air between the two layers helped keep body heat inand allowed perspiration to evaporate. A single layer wasenough during summers.

Its good for different Eskimos and how they live

Eskimo (es'kumō) [key], a general term used to refer to a

number of groups inhabiting the coastline from the Bering Sea to

Greenland and the Chukchi Peninsula in NE Siberia. A

number of distinct groups, based on differences in patterns of

resource exploitation, are commonly identified, including Siberian, St. Lawrence Island, Nunivak, Chugach, Nunamiut,

North Alaskan, Mackenzie, Copper, Caribou, Netsilik, Iglulik,

Baffinland, Labrador, Coastal Labrador, Polar, and East and

West Greenland. Since the 1970s Eskimo groups in Canada and

Greenland have adopted the name Inuit, although the term has not taken hold in Alaska or Siberia. In spite of regional differences, Eskimo groups are surprisingly uniform in language, physical type, and culture, and, as a group, are distinct in these traits from all neighbors. They speak dialects of the same language, Eskimo, which is a major branch of the Eskimo-Aleut family of languages. Their antiquity is unknown, but it is generally agreed that they were relatively recent migrants to the Americas from NE Asia, spreading from west to east over the course of the past 5,000 years

This is good for different ways of Eskimos work and live for foodEskimo" is an American Indian word which translates to "eaters of

raw meat." Ironically, scientists put the Indians in a separateanthropological category while the Eskimos are considered more

closely related to the natives of northern Asia. People we call Eskimos originally came from Asia across a landbridge (which no longer exists) into northern North America (nowcalled Alaska). They gradually spread across the Arctic regions of

the continent. Eventually they came to live in four countries: (1)the Soviet Union; (2) the United States (Alaska); (3) Canada; and (4)

Greenland.They do not use the word "Eskimos lived in some of the world's coldest areas

near the Arctic Circle.

This is a good source of Eskimo songs and what they used to make music

and howMuch of what we know about the life and culture of the Eskimo people of

North America in the early part of the Twentieth Century comes from the

Fifth Thule Expedition led by Professor Knud Rasmussen, a Danish

anthropologist. The songs and stories given here are extracts from the reports of this expedition, which

crossed North America from east of Baffin Land to Alaska. Rasmussen

continued across the Bering Straight to Siberia to talk with the Chukchi, who

also follow the Eskimo way of life.

Rasmussen wrote that there is scarcely any country on earth that present conditions more severe and inclement for man than the most easterly parts of the Northwest Passage. Yet there the Netsilik Eskimos for generations knew how to wage the struggle for existence, in such a manner that strangers coming among them would involuntarily receive the impression that here was a people who desired no better hunting grounds than these, the very ones where their ancestors developed that special culture which they have faithfully handed down from father to son. But as some of the extracts show, life could be extremely grim.

this is good for how Eskimos lived on and how they made

there homes.A general term used to refer

to a number of groups inhabiting the coastline from the Bering Sea to Greenland and the Chukchi Peninsula in NE Siberia. A number of distinct groups, based on differences in patterns of resource exploitation, are

commonly identified, including Siberian, St.

Lawrence Island, Nunivak, Chugach, Nunamiut, North

Alaskan, Mackenzie, Copper, Caribou, Netsilik,

Iglulik, Baffinland,

Labrador, Coastal Labrador, Polar, and East and West Greenland. Since the 1970s Eskimo groups in Canada and Greenland have adopted the name Inuit, although the term has not taken hold in Alaska or Siberia. In spite of regional differences, Eskimo groups are surprisingly uniform in language, physical type, and culture, and, as a group, are distinct in these traits from all neighbors. They speak dialects of the same language, Eskimo, which is a major branch of the Eskimo-Aleut family of languages. Their antiquity is unknown, but it is generally agreed that they were relatively recent migrants to the Americas from NE Asia, spreading from west to east over the course of the past 5,000 years.

http://www.mnh.si.edu/arctic/features/croads/eskimo.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskimo-Aleut_languages

http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/society/A0817691.html

http://www.workersforjesus.com/esk.htm

http://www.humanistictexts.org/eskimo.htm

http://www.nativeamericans.com/Eskimo.htm

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