ESA Phase I report by SGS

7/24/2019 ESA Phase I report by SGS

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/esa-phase-i-report-by-sgs 1/24

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HMKHJ (Q) DHNH[OK

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\I\ Hmkhj Qrhvjto Dhnhtok776 _ky i Vhejr Qejso HIurij`m “ :77 1:6, Ejryjmj, Hmkhj

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ettp3//www.hm.sis.l`n/

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QW@COL[ WOFOWOMLO M_NGOW3 HM/O\-OKK/71:7-11:

(VOW\H@M :.1)



\I\ HMKHJ QV[ DHNH[OK 71:7-11:/ Vorsh m :.1 / :1.1<.71:7 / Qjio : f 7;

L@M[OM[\

: Hmtr`kulth`m jmk Gjlbir umk.............................................................................................. 7

7 @gcolthvos jmk \l`po f Y`rb ........................................................................................... <

; Dhnhthmi \hto L`mkhth`ms ...................................................................................................... ;

? \hto Kotjhds .......................................................................................................................... ;

?.: \hto D`ljth`m ........................................................................................................................ ;

?.7 Iomorjd \hto Koslrhpth`m ..................................................................................................... ?

?.< Io dìy, Eykr`dìy jmk Eykrìo`dìy ........................................................................... 5

?.; Eykr`dìy .............................................................................................................................. 5

?.? Omvhr`mnomtjd \omshthvhty jmk Vudmorjghdhty .......................................................................... 8

?.6 _thdhthos ............................................................................................................................... :1

6 \hto Ehst`ry ........................................................................................................................ :1

6.: \ugcolt Qr`porty ............................................................................................................. :1

6.7 Jkcjlomt Qr`porthos jmk \urrùmkhmi Jroj ................................................................... ::

9 Omvhr mnomtjd Njmjionomt, Hmtoirjtok Omvhr mnomtjd Qornhtthmi jmk Omvhr mnomtjd

L`npdhjmlo \tjtus ........................................................................................................................ :7

5 Jhr Onhssh`ms Njmjionomt .............................................................................................. :6

8 M`hso Njmjionomt ........................................................................................................... :6

:1 Yjtor \uppdy..................................................................................................................... :6

:: Yjstowjtor jmk \t`rn Yjtor Njmjionomt .................................................................... :9

:7 Leonhljd Njmjionomt ..................................................................................................... :9

:7.: _mkorirùmk \t rjio [jmbs (_\[s) ............................................................................:9:5

:7.7 Jg`voirùmk \t rjio [jmbs (J\[s) .............................................................................. :5

:7.< \phdd Njmjionomt Qdjm ................................................................................................... :5

:< Yjsto Njmjionomt .......................................................................................................... :5

:; Jsgost`s L mtjhmhmi Njtorhjds (JLN) ............................................................................. :8

:? Q`dyled`rhmjtok Ghpeomyds................................................................................................. 71

:6 \`hd jmk Irùmkw jtor Hnpjlt ....................................................................................... 717:

:9 Khsldjhnor...................................................................................................................... 777:



\I\ HMKHJ QV[ DHNH[OK 71:7-11:/ Vorsh m :.1 / :1.1<.71:7 / Qjio 7 f 7;

QEJ\O H OMVHW@MNOM[JD \H[O J\\O\\NOM[3

MOJW B@DBJ[J, YO\[ GOMIJD \[J[O, HMKHJ

: HM[W@K_L[H@M JMK GJLBIW@_MK

\I\ Hmkhj Qrhvjto Dhnhtok (\I\) l`npdotok j Qejso H Omvhr`mnomtjd \hto Jssossnomt (O\J) `f

j Gr wmfhodk \hto d`ljtok whtehm Ijyosepur Numhlhpjdhty, Bjdyjmh, Mjkhyj Khstrhlt, hm teo ojstorm

Hmkhjm \tjto f Yost Gomijd (eorohmjftor roforrok t` js teo sugcolt shto/pr`porty).

[eo sugcolt shto hs d`ljtok t`wjrks teo m`rte-m`rteojst khrolth`m `f B`dbjtj lhty, jt jm jorhjd

khstjmlo `f jppr`xhnjtody ?1 bn.

[eo Qejso H O\J wjs porf`rnok `m goejdf `f Qeòmhx L`mvoy`r Godt Hmkhj (Q) Dhnhtok

(eorohmjftor roforrok t` js ―Qeòmhx‘ `r teo ―Ldhomt‘) gy \I\ `m 17 Njrle 71:7.

Js rop rtok t` \I\, j ljsthmi fjlhdhty, mjnody Bjm`rhj Yhsl`mshm Lomtrhfuijd Qrhvjto Dhnhtok

( BYLQD), w js `porjthmi jt teo sugcolt shto fr`n :857 t` :88<. _p`m ld`suro `f `porjth`ms gy

BYLQD hm :88<, m` jlthvhthos/`porjth`ms ejvo rop`rtokdy goom umkortjbom jt teo sugcolt

pr`porty.

Js por jmolk tjd hmf`rnjth m pr`vhkok gy teo shto roprosomtjthvos, teo sugcolt shto fjdds w htehm

teo dhnhts `f teo Yost Gomijd Hmkustrhjd Hmfrjstrulturo Kovod`pnomt L`rp`rjth`m (YGHHKL) jmk hs

lurromtdy dojsok t` Leùkejry jmk Leùkejry, j l`npjmy `wmok gy Nr. \ugejs Nhttjd. M

supp`rthmi k lunomt portjhmhmi t` teo lurromt `wmorsehp `f teo sugcolt shto w js pr`vhkok t`

OWN kurhmi teo lùrso f hmvosthijth`m.

Kurhmi teo shto vhsht, hmf`rnjth`m porthmomt t` teo Qejso H O\J w js pr`vhkok t` \I\ gy teo

f`dd`w hmi shto roprosomtjthvos3

Nr. \jnhr Ge`wnhb (w `rbok js jm odoltrhlhjm w hte BYLQD)2

Nr. G`djrjn Kogmjte (w js omijiok hm nodthmi jlthvhthos `f teo BYLQD fjlhdhty)2 jmk

Nr. G`djmjte Kjs (L npdhjmlo Njmjior, Qeòmhx)

L`nnomtok Rkm`:^3 L`py pjst fr`n l`n

sthd d OWN hm nhmk0 Go ljrofudd jgùt tehs!



\I\ HMKHJ QV[ DHNH[OK 71:7-11:/ Vorsh m :.1 / :1.1<.71:7 / Qjio < f 7;

7 @GCOL[HVO\ JMK \L@QO @F Y@W B

[eo `vorjdd `gcolthvos `f teo pr`colt w oro js f`dd`ws3

_mkortjbo j Qejso H O\J `f teo sugcolt shto hm `rkor t` hkomthfy boy l`mlorms jmk p`tomthjd

omvhr`mnomtjd rhsbs jmk/`r dhjghdhthos jss`lhjtok w hte teo pjst `r lurromt uso(s) `f teo shto jmk

jlthvhthos jt mohieg`rhmi pr`porthos2

Hkomthfy boy hssuos `f omvhr`mnomtjd l`mlorm w hte rospolt t` p tomthjd s`hd jmk irùmkw jtor

l`mtjnhmjth m jt teo shto2

L`ddolt, l`ddjto jmk jmjdyzo teo rodovjmt hmf`rnjth`m njko jvjhdjgdo t` \I\ kurhmi teo

jssossnomt2

Gjsok `m teo fhmkhmis `f teo Qejso H O\J , propjro j rop`rt stjthmi teo boy jssossnomt

fhmkhmis, iomorjd omvhr`mnomtjd l`mkhth`ms jt teo shto jmk rol`nnomkjth`ms f`r furteor

lùrso f jlth`m2 jmk

Hkomthfy jkkhth`mjd hmf`rnjth m `r hmvosthijth`m roquhronomts, hf molossjry, gjsok `m teo

fhmkhmis f teo jssossnomt.

Jdd sorvhlos gy \I\ jro pr`vhkok hm jll`rkjmlo whte teo \I\ \tjmkjrk L`mkhth`ms `f \orvhlo

(jttjleok eorow hte js Jmmox J).

F`r umkortjbhmi teo Qejso H O\J, \I\ usok j Qejso H O\J pr`t`l`d, wehle hs gy jmk djrio,gjsok up`m teo roquhronomts `f teo J\[N \tjmkjrk O :?79-1? \tjmkjrk Qrjlthlo f`r

Omvhr`mnomtjd \hto Jssossnomts3 Qejso H Omvhr`mnomtjd \hto Jssossnomt Qr`loss, t` teo

oxtomt rodovjmt jmk jppdhljgdo hm Hmkhj.

Qdojso m`to tejt teo Qejso H O\Js umkortjbom gy \I\ hm Hmkhj k` m`t noot teo Jdd Jppr`prhjto

Hmquhry (JJH) roquhronomts spolhfhok gy teo _\ OQJ.

Hm Hmkhj, ehst`rhljd djmk uso kjtj/ njps, pugdhl omvhr`mnomtjd kjtjgjsos, hmsurjmlo njps jmk

jorhjd pe`tìrjpes jro m`t jvjhdjgdo f`r rovhow .



\I\ HMKHJ QV[ DHNH[OK 71:7-11:/ Vorsh m :.1 / :1.1<.71:7 / Qjio ; f 7;

Js ehst`rhljd djmk uso kjtj hs m`t pugdhldy jvjhdjgdo f`r rovhow hm Hmkhj, hmf`rnjth`m portjhmhmi t`

shto ehst`ry wjs `gtjhmok gy \I\ fr`n vorgjd hmputs pr`vhkok gy Qeòmhx jmk teo shto

roprosomtjthvos.

Hm `rkor t` rovhow teo shto sotthmi, \I\ usok rojkhdy-jvjhdjgdo sjtoddhto hnjiorhos jd`mi whte

hmf`rnjth`m pr`vhkok gy teo shto roprosomtjthvos.

Yhte rospolt t` teo mohieg`rhmi pr`porthos, \I\ umkort``b j dhnhtok vhsujd survoy `f teo

pr`porthos d`ljtok jkcjlomt teo s hto. [eo vhsujd survoy `f teo mohieg`rhmi pr`porthos wjs

umkortjbom `mdy fr`n pugdhldy jllosshgdo jrojs jmk \I\ khk m`t peyshljddy omtor jmy

mohieg`rhmi pr`porthos.

; DHNH[HMI \H[O L@MKH[H@M\

Kurhmi teo kjy `f teo shto vhsht, j djrio p`rth`m `f teo shto w js m`tok t` go prok`nhmjmtdy

l`vorok whte troos jmk komso voiotjth`m. Js j rosudt `f teo komso voiotjthvo l`vor jmk

l`mlorms jss`lhjtok w hte trjvorshmi teo sjno, p`rth`ms `f teo sùteorm, ojstorm jmk

m`rteorm pjrts f teo sugcolt shto lùdk m`t go jllossok gy \I\ kurhmi teo jssossnomt.

\I\ lùdk m`t vhsujddy hmspolt teo hmtorh`rs `f teo ljsthmi gd lb, st`ro r``n, punp eùso,

odoltrhljd r``n jmk teo iujrk r``n prosomt `m-shto, js teo sjno woro m`tok t` go d`lbok

`m teo kjy `f teo shto vhsht.

M` k`lunomtjth m porthmomt t` teo Qejso H O\J wjs pr`vhkok t` \I\ kurhmi teo

jssossnomt. [eorof`ro, teo fhmkhmis js stjtok whtehm tehs rop`rt jro s`dody gjsok `m vorgjd

hmf`rnjth`m pr`vhkok t` gy teo shto roprosomtjthvos kurhmi teo shto vhsht jmk vhsujd

`gsorvjth ms njko gy \I\.

? \H[O KO[JHD\

?.: \H[O D@LJ[H@M

[eo sugcolt s hto hs d`ljtok whtehm Ijyosepur Numhlhpjdhty, Bjdyjmh, Mjkhyj Khstrhlt, hm teo ojstorm

Hmkhjm \tjto `f Yost Gomijd. [eo shto hs d ljtok jt jm jorhjd khstjmlo `f jppr`xhnjtody ?1 bn

fr`n teo lhty f B`dbjtj, t`w jrks teo m`rte-m`rteojst khrolth`m.



\I\ HMKHJ QV[ DHNH[OK 71:7-11:/ Vorsh m :.1 / :1.1<.71:7 / Qjio ? f 7;

Mjth mjd Ehiewjy (ME) - <; hs d ljtok jt jm jorhjd khstjmlo `f jppr`xhnjtody shx (6) bn t`wjrks

teo ojst `f teo shto. [eo sugcolt pr`porty ljm go jllossok vhj j r`jk tejt grjmleos fr`n teo

ME-<; t`wjrks teo wostorm khrolth`m.

?.7 IOMOWJD \H[O KO\LWHQ[H@M

[eo t`tjd jroj `f teo sugcolt shto hs rop`rtokdy 5.7? jlros (~<<,<51 n7). Gjsok `m vhsujd

`gsorvjth`ms njko gy \I\ jmk khslussh`ms whte teo shto roprosomtjthvos, teo t`pìrjpey `f teo

sugcolt shto hs iomorjddy f djt, w hte j iomtdo surfjlo irjkhomt t`wjrks teo ojst.

[eo shto ejs j gùmkjry w jdd jd`mi teo m`rteorm, ojstorm, sùteorm jmk w ostorm porhnotors. [eo

sugcolt shto l`nprhsos f teo f`dd`w hmi guhdkhmi strulturos jmk uthdhthos3

Njhm guhdkhmi, roforrok t` js teo Ljsthmi Gd`lb , ejvhmi j guhdt-up jroj `f ~ 7,111 n7 w js

m`tok t` go d`ljtok hm teo lomtrjd p`rth`m `f teo shto. Kurhmi teo shto vhsht, \I\ lùdk m`t

vhsujddy hmspolt teo hmtorh`rs `f teo Ljsthmi Gd`lb js ht wjs d lbok `m teo kjy `f teo

jssossnomt. E wovor, js rop`rtok gy teo shto roprosomtjthvos, teo f`dd`whmi strulturos/

uthdhthos w oro prosomt hmshko teo Ljsthmi Gd`lb `m teo kjy `f teo shto vhsht3

` J ljsthmi furmjlo f umbm`wm ljpjlhty

` [w` (7) voreojk lrjmos f ljpjlhty ? [ ojle

` @mo (:) se`t gursthmi umht

` @mo (:) eojt trojtnomt umht

` @mo (:) djteo njlehmo

` [w` (7) l`npross`r umhts f umbm`wm ljpjlhty

` Eojp `f n udkhmi sjmk kunpok hm jm jroj `f ~; n7

` J st`ro r``n, w ehle wjs rop`rtokdy usok f`r st`rjio `f rjw njtorhjds (usok t`

njmufjlturo khfforomt irjkos `f ljsthmi) dhbo Mhlbod Ler`nhun, Koxtrhm, Gomt`mhto,

khosod (hm j shmido 711 D ljpjlhty notjddhl krun) jmk `teor ljtjdysts.

J dhmok krjhm w js m`tok t` rum pjrjddod t` teo ùtor porhpeory `f teo Ljsthmi Gd`lb . M`

khslejrio wjs `gsorvok hm teo krjhm `m teo kjy `f teo shto vhsht. Js rop`rtok gy teo shto

roprosomtjthvos, teo dhmok krjhm njhmdy sorvok t` l`ddolt teo st`rn wjtor fr`n teo r``f `f teo

Ljsthmi Gd lb.




J \olurhty Gd`lb whte j guhdt-up jroj `f ~:?1 n7 wjs m`tok t` go d`ljtok mojr teo omtrjmlo

`f teo shto hm teo m`rtew ostorm khrolth`m.

Mojr teo jf`ronomth mok \olurhty Gd`lb , j st`ro r``n w hte j guhdt up jroj `f ~? n7 w js

m`tok t` go d`ljtok, wehle wjs rop`rtokdy usok f`r teo st`rjio `f lonomt jmk oquhpnomts.

[eo st`ro r``n wjs d lbok `m teo kjy `f teo jssossnomt jmk lùdk m`t go jllossok gy

\I\. [eo st`ro r``n wjs rop`rtokdy vjljmt `m teo kjy `f teo shto vhsht.

J kofumlt L `dhmi [ wor f umbm w m ljpjlhty, d`ljtok whtehm j seok `llupyhmi jm jroj `f

~; n72 jmk j punp eùso guhdkhmi f guhdt-up jroj ~? n7, w oro `gsorvok t` go d`ljtok mojr

teo wostorm porhnotor `f teo shto. [eo punp eùso rop`rtokdy eùsos tw ` (7) punp umhts `f

umbm wm ljpjlhthos. [eo punp eùso wjs m`tok t` go d`lbok `m teo kjy `f teo

jssossnomt jmk lùdk m`t go jllossok gy \I\.

Mojr teo jf`ronomth`mok punp eùso, jm jgstrjlth`m w odd (g`ro wodd oquhppok whte j ejmk

punp) w js m`tok t` go prosomt, wehle hs rop`rtokdy ~<? n koop jmk wjs hmstjddok hm :88?.

[eo jgstrjlth`m w odd hs rop`rtokdy usok t` ljtor t` teo k`nosthl js wodd js krhmbhmi wjtor

mooks `f teo solurhty iujrks stjth`mok jt teo sugcolt shto. M` jmjdyshs `f teo irùmkw jtor hs

rop`rtokdy umkortjbom prosomtdy. M` `teor irùmkwjtor jgstrjlth`m wodd `r kui wodd wjs

m`tok `r rop`rtok t` go prosomt `m shto kurhmi teo jssossnomt.

Jkcjlomt t` teo jf`ronomth`mok punp eùso, jm uml`vorok (`pom t` sby) umkorirùmk

Wohmf`rlok Lonomt L`mlroto (WLL) tjmb `f ~; n< ljpjlhty (js rop`rtok) wjs m`tok, w ehle

wjs rop`rtokdy usok js j e`t wjtor tjmb. Js por teo jmolk`tjd hmf`rnjth`m pr`vhkok t`

\I\, teo e`t wjtor tjmb wjs usok t` rolohvo l``dok wjtor fr`n teo l``dhmi t w or, w ehle

wjs teom lhrludjtok t` teo Ljsthmi Gd`lb terùie jm umkorirùmk phpo l`mmolth m.

J l`vorok WLL tjmb `f rop rtokdy ~66 n< ljpjlhty (pjrtdy umkorirùmk), roforrok t` js teo

rosorvo wjtor tjmb, wjs m`tok t` go d`ljtok jt j khstjmlo `f ~? n t`wjrks teo wost `f teo

jf`ronomth`mok e`t wjtor tjmb. Js rop`rtok gy teo shto roprosomtjthvos, teo sugcolt shto ejs

j wjtor phpodhmo l`mmolth`m fr`n teo YGHHKL wehle hs l`mmoltok t` teo jf`ronomth`mok

rosorvo wjtor tjmb. Js rop`rtok, YGHHKL st`ppok wjtor suppdy t` teo sugcolt shto jftor

BYLQD seut-k`w m hts `porjth ms hm :88<.

J guhdkhmi strulturo `f ~7?1 n7, wehle wjs rop`rtokdy usok js Jknhmhstrjthvo Gd`lb , h wjs

`gsorvok hm teo sùtewostorm p rth`m `f teo shto.

[eo shto rop`rtokdy ejs teroo (<) sopthl tjmbs `f jppr`xhnjtody <7 n< ljpjlhty ojle, jdd

pr`vhkok w hte s`jb phts. @ut `f teo jf`ronomth`mok teroo (<) s`jb phts, tw` (7) woro d`ljtok

mojr teo Jknhmhstrjthvo Gd`lb jmk `mo (:) w js d`ljtok hm teo lomtrjd p`rth`m `f teo shto.




Jm umfomlok trjmsf`rnor `f umbm w m ljpjlhty wjs m`tok t` go d`ljtok mojr teo w ostorm

porhnotor `f teo shto `m umpjvok surfjlo. Mojr teo jg`vonomth mok trjmsf`rnor hs j r``n,

whte j guhdt up jroj `f ~? n7, roforrok t` js teo Odoltrhljd W``n. Js rop`rtok gy teo shto

roprosomtjthvos, teo Odoltrhljd W``n eùsos jm`teor trjmsf`rnor `f umbm`wm ljpjlhty. M

jlloss t` teo Odoltrhljd W``n wjs pr`vhkok t` \I\ kurhmi teo jssossnomt, js teo sjno

wjs m`tok t` go d`lbok. Gjsok `m khslussh`ms whte teo shto roprosomtjthvos jmk teo vhsujd

`gsorvjth`ms njko gy \I\, teo trjmsf`rnors prosomt m-shto jro lurromtdy m`t l`mmoltok t`

teo njhm odoltrhl suppdy dhmo.

Jm jg`voirùmk lydhmkrhljd notjddhl tjmb `f ~:7 n< ljpjlhty hs d`ljtok hm teo lomtrjd p`rth`m

`f teo shto. [eo sjno wjs rop`rtokdy usok f`r st`rjio `f furmjlo `hd usok f`r teo `porjth`ms

`f teo eojt trojtnomt umht d`ljtok w htehm teo Ljsthmi Gd`lb . M` sol`mkjry l`mtjhmnomt w js

m`tok jrùmk teo tjmb.

J guhdkhmi strulturo w hte j guhdt-up jroj `f ~:1 n7, roforrok t` js teo Iujrk W``n w js

m`tok t` go d`ljtok jt j khstjmlo f ~:1 n t`wjrks teo sùte f teo jf`ronomth`mok furmjlo

`hd tjmb. Furteor sùte `f teo Iujrk W``n, jt j khstjmlo `f ~? n, j djvjt`ry whte j guhdt-up

jroj `f ~ :1 n7 w js m`tok t` go prosomt.

Jgutthmi teo ojstorm porhnotor `f teo Ljsthmi Gd`lb , j notjddhl lehnmoy (`f khjnotor ~1.71

n jmk eohiet ~ ? n, js rop`rtok) wjs m`tok. Kurhmi teo jssossnomt, \I\ `gsorvok tejt

teo lehnmoy wjs gr`bom jt j eohiet `f ~? n jmk teo gr`bom pjrt wjs m`tok kunpok

ùtshko teo ojstorm porhnotor `f teo Ljsthmi Gd`lb .

Gjsok `m teo shto `gsorvjth`ms jmk khslussh`ms whte teo shto roprosomtjthvos, teo sugcolt

shto ejs j t`tjd `f mhmo (8) `voreojk notjddhl st`rjio tjmbs (usok f`r st`rjio `f wjtor) `f

ljpjlhty : n< ojle. @ut `f teo mhmo (8) `voreojk tjmbs, tw` (7) woro m`tok t` go d`ljtok `m

teo torrjlo `f teo Jknhmhstrjthvo Gd`lb , tw` (7) `m teo torrjlo `f teo st`ro r``n d`ljtok

whtehm teo Ljsthmi Gd`lb , tw` (7) `vor teo r``f `f teo djvjt`ry, tw` (7) `m teo torrjlo `f teo

solurhty gd`lb jmk `mo (:) `vor teo r``f `f teo Iujrk W``n. Jdd teo `voreojk wjtor tjmbs

prosomt `m-shto jro rop`rtokdy l`mmoltok whte teo punps d`ljtok hm teo punp eùso

terùie jm umkorirùmk phpodhmo motw `rb.

[eo shto w js m tok t` go prok`nhmjmtdy l`vorok w hte troos jmk komso voiotjth`m. Q rth`ms

`f teo sùteorm, ojstorm jmk m`rteorm pjrts `f teo shto woro m`t jllosshgdo t` \I\ kurhmi

teo jssossnomt kuo t` teo prosomlo `f komso voiotjth`m.

Jdd teo jg`vo nomth`mok guhdkhmi strulturos prosomt mshto jn umts t` j t`tjd `f ~;111 n7

`f pjvok jroj. [eo ronjhmhmi jroj (~78,<51 n7) wjs m`tok t` go umpjvok.




?.< IO@D@IX, E XKW @D @I X JMK E XKW @IO @D @IX

Gjsok `m teo rojkhdy jvjhdjgdo hmf`rnjth`m hm teo Irùmkwjtor Hmf`rnjth`m G``bdot f`r Khstrhlt

Mjkhj gy teo Lomtrjd Irùmk Yjtor G`jrk (LIYG), Mjkhj Khstrhlt hs umkordjhm gy jdduvhjd s`hd,

whte teo pjromt njtorhjd gohmi Ijmij jdduvhun. Jknhxturo `f sjmk, shdt jmk ldjy ejs ihvom rhso t`

teo f`dd`whmi teroo (<) gr`jk typos `f s`hds3

L jrso sjmk f`rnok gy sjmk jmk d jny sjmk

N korjtody l`jrso sjmk f`rnok gy sjmky jmk shdty d`jns

N korjtody f hmo t` fhmo sjmk f`rnok gy shdt, ldjy jmk shdty d`jns

[eo jquhfors `f teo khstrhlt l`mshst n`stdy `f sjmk `f khfforomt irjkos (fhmo t` l`jrso). Irjvod,

wehle hs iomorjddy teo n`st hnp`rtjmt l`msthtuomt `f jquhfors, kòs m`t pdjy jm hnp`rtjmt r`do hm

tehs khstrhlt. Hm iomorjd, teo f`dd`whmi teroo (<) jquhfor systons ejvo goom hkomthfhok hm teo

khstrhlt3

\ejdd`w jquhfor, wehle oxhsts up t` j kopte f 51 n

[eo moxt jquhfor systons oxhsts w htehm j kopte rjmio `f :11 t` :67 n

[eo koopost jquhfor oxhsts whtehm j kopte rjmio f 711 t` <<? n.

[eo leonhljd qujdhty `f teo irùmkwjtor hm teo jroj hm iomorjd hs Lj-Ni-EL@< typo. [eoled`rhko l`mtomt hm irùmkwjtor hs gotwoom 9.: t` 7< ni/D. [eo w jtor hs nhdkdy jdbjdhmo hm mjturo

jmk teo pE vjduo rjmios gotwoom 9.9 jmk 5.7. [`tjd ejrkmoss (js LjL@<) rjmios fr`n :58 -

<51 ni/D. [eo l`mlomtrjth`m `f hr`m jmk jrsomhl l`mtomt rjmios fr`n 1.17 t` :.8 ni/D. [eo

ehieost l`mlomtrjth`m `f jrsomhl ejs goom rop`rtok fr`n teo Njehsgjtejm Vhddjio. Jrsomhl

l`mlomtrjth`m `f irùmkwjtor fr`n j pjrthludjr tugo w odd vjrhos whkody whte thno jmk hm iomorjd

hmkhljtok ehie l`mlomtrjth`m kurhmi pro-n`ms``m porh`k jmk dojst l`mlomtrjth`m kurhmi p`st-

n`ms``m porh k.

?.; E XKW @D @I X

Gjsok `m khslussh`ms whte teo shto roprosomtjthvos jmk rojkhdy-jvjhdjgdo sjtoddhto hnjiory fr`n

I`ìdo Ojrte, Whvor Gejihrjteh fd`w s jt jm jorhjd khstjmlo `f ~9 bn w ost `f teo sugcolt shto. J




djbo `llupyhmi jm jroj f ~;69,111 n7 hs d`ljtok jt jm jorhjd khstjmlo `f ~?11 n sùtewost `f

teo shto. [eo djbo hs rop`rtokdy usok f`r fhsehmi jmk gjtehmi purp`sos gy teo d`ljd po`pdo. J Fhse

Wosojrle Lomtor hs rop`rtokdy shtujtok `m teo gjmb `f teo djbo.

@teor surfjlo wjtor g khos d ljtok hm teo vhlhmhty `f teo shto (whtehm j ? bn rjkhus fr`n teo shto)

jro js f`dd`ws3

J djbo llupyhmi jm jroj f ~;65,111 n7 hs d`ljtok jt jm jorhjd khstjmlo `f ~; bn sùte `f

teo sugcolt shto jmk hs rop`rtokdy usok f`r f hsehmi jlthvhthos.

J djbo llupyhmi jm jroj f ~;?1,111 n7 hs d`ljtok jt jm jorhjd khstjmlo `f ~; bn m`rteojst

`f teo sugcolt shto.

J djbo llupyhmi jm jroj f ~89,111 n7 hs d ljtok jt jm jorhjd khstjmlo `f ~7 bn t`

m`rtewost `f teo sugcolt shto.

?.? OMVHW@MNOM[JD \OM\H[HVH[X JMK V_DMOWJGHDH[X

Gjsok `m khslussh`ms whte teo shto roprosomtjthvos, trojtok w jtor fr`n teo Whvor Gejihrjteh hs

suppdhok t` teo roshkomthjd jrojs d`ljtok mojr teo shto.

Js rop rtok t` \I\, teo kopte `f irùmkwjtor hm teo jroj hs 7?-<1 foot (~9-:1 n) god`w ir umk

dovod (gid).

Ihvom teo sejdd`w kopte t` irùmkwjtor hm teo jroj, irùmkwjtor vudmorjghdhty (eyp`teothljd

dhbodhe``k f l`mtjnhmjmts rojlehmi teo irùmkwjtor, hm ljso j surfjlo r mojr surfjlo sùrlo

`f l`mtjnhmjth`m oxhsts) hs l`mshkorok t` go ehie. Js irùmkwjtor hs usok f`r somshthvo

jppdhljth`ms rodjthmi t` eunjm l`msunpth m `m-shto, irùmkw jtor somshthvhty ( p`tomthjd

shimhfhljmlo f jmy hnpjlt, hm ljso teoro hs j sùrlo `f sugsurfjlo l`mtjnhmjth`m) hs l`mshkorok

t` go ehie.

Ihvom teo khstjmlo `f Whvor Gejihrjteh jmk `teor surfjlo wjtor g khos (js stjtok hm teo

prolokhmi solth`m) fr`n teo shto, surfjlo wjtor vudmorjghdhty (eyp teothljd d hbodhe``k f

l`mtjnhmjmts rojlehmi teo surfjlo wjtor g`ky, hm ljso j sùrlo f l`mtjnhmjth`m oxhsts) hs

l`mshkorok t` go ehie.



\I\ HMKHJ QV[ DHNH[OK 71:7-11:/ Vorsh m :.1 / :1.1<.71:7 / Qjio :1 f 7;

Js wjtor fr`n teo mojrgy surfjlo w jtor g khos hs rop`rtokdy usok f`r k`nosthl purp`sos jmk

f`r somshthvo jppdhljth`ms dhbo f hsehmi, \I\ l`mshkors surfjlo wjtor somshthvhty (eyp`teothljd

dhbodhe``k f l`mtjnhmjmts rojlehmi teo surfjlo wjtor g`ky, hm ljso j sùrlo f l`mtjnhmjth`m

oxhsts) t` go ehie.

?.6 _[HDH[HO\

F dd`whmi uthdhthos w oro rop rtok t` go prosomt jt teo sugcolt shto kurhmi teo jssossnomt3

[w` (7) trjmsf`rnors f umbm`w m ljpjlhthos

[w` (7) l`npross`r umhts f umbm w m ljpjlhthos

[w` (7) punp umhts `f umbm wm ljpjlhthos

Irùmkwjtor jgstrjlth`m wodd (`f ~<? n kopte) oquhppok w hte j ejmk punp

J ljsthmi furmjlo f umbm`wm ljpjlhty

[w` (7) voreojk lrjmos f ljpjlhty ? [ ojle

@mo (:) se`t gursthmi umht

@mo (:) eojt trojtnomt umht

@mo (:) djteo njlehmo

_mkorirùmk phpodhmo l`mmolthmi teo e t wjtor tjmb w hte teo Ljsthmi Gd`lb jmk teo

`voreojk wjtor st`rjio tjmbs prosomt m-shto w hte teo punps d`ljtok hm teo punp eùso

Yhte teo oxlopth`m `f teo irùmkwjtor jgstrjlth`m wodd, m`mo `f teo jf`ronomth`mok uthdhthos

jro rop`rtokdy hm uso/`porjth`m.

6 \H[O EH\[@WX

6.: \_GCOL[ QW@QOW[X

[eo sugcolt shto w js rop`rtokdy usok f`r ljsthmi `porjth`ms gy Bjm`rhj Yhsl`mshm Lomtrhfuijd

Qrhvjto Dhnhtok (BYLQD) fr`n :857 t` :88<. \hmlo :88<, m` jlthvhthos/`porjth`ms ejvo

rop`rtokdy goom umkortjbom jt teo sugcolt pr`porty. Js por jmolk`tjd hmf`rnjth`m pr`vhkok gy

teo shto roprosomtjthvos, teo sugcolt shto fjdds whtehm teo dhnhts `f teo Yost Gomijd Hmkustrhjd



\I\ HMKHJ QV[ DHNH[OK 71:7-11:/ Vorsh m :.1 / :1.1<.71:7 / Qjio :: f 7;

Hmfrjstrulturo Kovod`pnomt L`rp`rjth`m (YGHHKL) jmk hs lurromtdy dojsok t` Leùkejry jmk

Leùkejry , j l`npjmy `w mok gy Nr. \ugejs Nhttjd.

Js por vorgjd hmf`rnjth`m gy teo shto roprosomtjthvos, prh r t` :88<, teo sugcolt shto wjs jm

`pom pjrlod f djmk jmk w js usok gy teo Jrny L rps f`r ljnps.

M` furteor hmf`rnjth`m portjhmhmi t` teo pjst djmk uso `f teo sugcolt shto wjs jvjhdjgdo whte teo

shto roprosomtjthvos.

6.7 JKCJLOM[ QW@QOW[HO\ JMK \_WW@_MKHMI JWO J

M`rte3 Jgutthmi teo m`rteorm gùmkjry `f teo shto hs j roltjmiudjr pholo `f djmk w hte j rop`rtok

jroj f jppr`xhnjtody :.? jlros (~6,191 n7). [eo djmk ejs rop`rtokdy goom vjljmt

shmlo :887. Qrh`r t` :887, j djg`rjt`ry idjss njmufjlturhmi fjlhdhty, mjnody _nj Idjss,

wjs rop`rtokdy porjthmi m teo jf`ronomth`mok djmk pjrlod (shmlo :851) Furteor m`rte

`f teo vjljmt djmk pjrlod, hs j fjlhdhty ljddok Mhdjlejd Qrhvjto Dhnhtok (MQD) wehle hs

rop`rtokdy m`t porjth`mjd s hmlo :851. Jkcjlomt teo MQD fjlhdhty hs jm hmkustrhjd umht

ljddok Qrolhsh`m Fjgrhljth`m Qrhvjto Dhnhtok w ehle hs rop rtokdy omijiok hm stood

fjgrhljth`m jmk ejs goom `porjthmi s hmlo 7119.

\ùte3 J cuto nhdd roforrok t` js teo Mjfjrlejmk Cuto Nhdd Qrhvjto Dhnhtok (MCNQD) hs d ljtok hm

j pd t `f jroj ~5,:?1 n7 jmk ejs rop`rtokdy goom hm `porjth m shmlo :881. Qrh r t`

:881, L`mljst Qrhvjto Dhnhtok w js `porjthmi m teo sjno pd`t (shmlo :851) jmk w js

hmv`dvok hm teo njmufjlturo `f notjd phpos. Js rop`rtok gy teo shto roprosomtjthvos,

goy`mk teo MCNQD fjlhdhty, j YGHHKL punp eùso hs d ljtok.

Ojst3 Jirhludturjd djmk pjrlod wehle jro rop rtokdy `wmok gy B dbjtj Qhmcrjpud \`lhoty jmk

usok f`r ir`whmi f`kkor.

Yost3 [`wjrks teo w ost `f teo shto hs jm jppr`xhnjtody 6 n w hko pjvok r`jk goy`mk wehle j

fjlhdhty, mjnody [oij Hmkustrhos Qrhvjto Dhnhtok hs prosomt, w ehle hs omijiok hm teo

njmufjlturo `f ruggor pr`kults jmk ejs goom hm porjth`m shmlo :89?.

L`nnomtok Rkm`7^3 H supp`so yù nojm

L`nnomtok Rkm`<^3 Jrny l`rps ljm l`mtj

teoy ejvo ijs`dhmo st`rjio f`r teohr trulbs otl.

jlthvhthos p`sshgdo0




Jt j khstjmlo f ~711 n t`w jrks m`rtewost `f teo sugcolt shto, j fjlhdhty, mjnody

L`jdnjle Leonhljd Qrhvjto Dhnhtok , hs prosomt w ehle hs rop rtokdy hmv`dvok hm teo

njmufjlturo`f kyo leonhljds jmk hs `porjth mjd shmlo :851.

[eo roshkomthjd sottdonomts d`ljtok mojr teo sugcolt shto jro js f`dd`w s3

Jmjmk Mjijr , d`ljtok jt j khstjmlo `f ~<11 n t`wjrks teo m`rte `f teo sugcolt shto w hte

p`pudjth m `f ~;111.

Goy`mk Jmjmk Mjijr , jm`teor roshkomthjd jroj, mjnody \jiumj, hs d`ljtok (jt j khstjmlo `f

~: bn t`wjrks teo m`rte `f teo shto). \jiumj ejs j p`pudjth m `f ~<?,111.

Ijyosepur roshkomthjd jroj hs d`ljtok jt j khstjmlo `f ~:.? bn fr`n teo sugcolt shto t w jrks

teo ojstorm jmk s`uteorm khrolth ms jmk ejs j p`pudjth m `f ~51,111.

9 OMVHW@MNOM[JD NJMJIONOM[ , HM[OIWJ[OK OMVHW@MNOM[JD QOWNH[[HMI

JMK OMVHW@MNOM[JD L@NQDHJMLO \[J[_\

M` tjmihgdo kotjhds portjhmhmi t` teo pr`p`sok shto `porjth`ms w oro pr vhkok t` \I\ kurhmi teo

jssossnomt. Js rop`rtok, teo pr`p`sok fjlhdhty jt teo shto njy go hmv`dvok hm stood ijdvjmhzhmi

`porjth`ms.

Js l`nproeomshvo kotjhds roijrkhmi teo pr`p sok jlthvhthos jt teo shto w oro m t njko jvjhdjgdot` \I\, omvhr`mnomtjd roiudjt`ry jmk pornhtthmi roquhronomts jss`lhjtok whte teo jmthlhpjtok

kovod`pnomt ljmm`t go l`npdotody hkomthf hok gy \I\ jt tehs s tjio. E wovor, lortjhm iomorhl

omvhr`mnomtjd roiudjt`ry roquhronomts tejt jro dhbody t` go jppdhljgdo t` teo pr`p`sok

`porjth ms jt teo sugcolt pr`porty jro stjtok hm teo sugsoquomt solth`ms.

Qrh`r t` umkortjbhmi jmy kovod`pnomt jlthvhthos jt teo sugcolt shto, teo shto njmjionomt mooks

t` jppdy f`r jmk `gtjhm ―L`msomt t` Ostjgdhse‘ (L[O) jmk ―L`msomt t` @porjto‘ (L[@) f`r teo

pr`p`sok kovod`pnomt fr`n teo Yost Gomijd Q`dduth`m L`mtr`d G`jrk (YGQLG) umkor [eo

Yjtor (Qrovomth`m jmk L`mtr`d `f Q`dduth`m) Jlt, :89;, js jnomkok up t` :855 jmk [eo Jhr

(Qrovomth`m jmk L`mtr`d f Q`dduth`m) Jlt, :85:, js jnomkok :859 .

L`nnomtok Rkm`;^3 Qors`mmjdy, hm teo OK

f`lus `m pjst jlth vhth os, umdoss teo ldhomt h s pr`

oxpdhlh t roquost t` leolb doijd roquhronomts `f

jlthvh ty jmk w`udk pr`vhko j kotjhdos koslrhpth`

[eo lejptor `m doijd roquhronomt, pornhts, om

njmjionomt syston se udk r ofor mdy t` lurro

`m shto jmk njc r m`m l`npdhjmlo `f teoso.



\I\ HMKHJ QV[ DHNH[OK 71:7-11:/ Vorsh m :.1 / :1.1<.71:7 / Qjio :< f 7;

\ugsoquomt t` `gtjhmhmi teo L[@, teo shto njmjionomt w hdd mook t` sugnht jm Jmmujd

Omvhr mnomtjd \tjtonomt t teo YGQLG gy <1 \optongor, hm F`rn V , (f`r teo provhùs fhmjmlhjd

yojr omkhmi <: Njrle), js roquhrok umkor Wudo :; `f [eo Omvhr`mnomt (Qr`tolth`m) Wudos, :856,

js jnomkok .

Furteor t` `gtjhmhmi teo L[@ umkor [eo Yjtor (Qrovomth`m jmk L`mtr`d f Q`dduth`m) Jlt, :89;,

js jnomkok :855 2 teo fjlhdhty whdd mook t` notor w jtor l`msunpth m `m-shto jmk sugnht wjtor

Loss (j l`msunpth m gjsok tjx) & wjtor roturms t` teo YGQLG hm teo proslrhgok f`rnjt, js

roquhrok umkor \olth`ms < jmk ? rospolthvody, `f [eo Yjtor (Qrovomth`m jmk L`mtr`d f Q`dduth`m)

Loss Jlt, :899, js jnomkok up t` 711<.

Js rop rtok t` \I\, Khosod Iomorjt r (KI) sot(s) (mungor jmk ljpjlhthos m t bm wm lurromtdy)

w hdd go hmstjddok jt teo shto f`r teo pr`p`sok jlthvhthos.

Qr`vhsh`m `f jm jlùsthl omld`suro jrùmk teo KI sots hs j roiudjt ry roquhronomt umkor [eo

Omvhr`mnomt Qr`tolth m (\ol`mk Jnomknomt) Wudos, 7117 .

Khosod hs ldjsshf hok js j Ldjss G sugstjmlo umkor teo Qotr`doun Jlt, :8<;. J dhlomso fr`n teo

Lehof L`mtr`ddor `f Oxpd shvos (LLO) hs roquhrok, hf teo t`tjd qujmthty `f j Ldjss G sugstjmlo

st`rok hs jg`vo 7,?11 D jmk/ `r hs hm j roloptjldo oxlookhmi :,111 D ljpjlhty.

[eo shto njmjionomt seùdk omsuro tejt futuro st`rjio f khosod, `hd-gjsok sugstjmlos jmk

`teor leonhljds jro umkortjbom w hte pr`por sol`mkjry l`mtjhmnomt nojsuros. [eo jppdhljghdhty

`f [eo Njmufjlturo, \t`rjio jmk Hnp`rt f Ejzjrkùs Leonhljd Wudos, :858, js jnomkok

7111 , w hdd ejvo t` go rovhow ok gy teo shto njmjionomt w eom hmf`rnjth`m `m jdd leonhljds

gol`nos jvjhdjgdo.

[eo shto njmjionomt sejdd jds` go roquhrok t` jppdy f`r jmk `gtjhm jm Jute`rhzjth m f`r

ejmkdhmi ejzjrkùs wjstos tejt sejdd go iomorjtok f r`n teo pr`p sok kovod`pnomt `m-shto

(o.i., usok/ wjsto `hd fr`n teo khosod iomorjt rs, `hdy rjis, leonhljd l`mtjhmors jmk dhmors, usok

pors`mjd pr`tolthvo oquhpnomts, otl) fr`n teo YGQLG, js roquhrok umkor Wudo ? `f [eo

Ejzjrkùs Yjstos (Njmjionomt, Ejmkdhmi jmk [rjmsgùmkjry N`vonomt) Wudos, 7115 , jsjnomkok 7118, prh r t` l`nnomlhmi `porjth ms `m shto.

L`nnomtok Rkm`?^3 Yoro wo jdd wok t

YGQLG t iot j l`py `f sule n`mht`rhmi rop`rt

jlthvhty0



\I\ HMKHJ QV[ DHNH[OK 71:7-11:/ Vorsh m :.1 / :1.1<.71:7 / Qjio :; f 7;

\ugsoquomt t` gtjhmhmi teo ejzjrkùs w jstos jute`rhzjth`m, teo shto njmjionomt w hdd mook t`

njhmtjhm j rol`rk f ejzjrkùs wjstos iomorjtok js por teo proslrhgok f`rnjt (F`rn <) jmk

furmhse jmmujd roturms portjhmhmi t` ejzjrkùs w jstos t` teo YGQLG hm F`rn ;, js roquhrok

umkor Wudos ? jmk 77 `f [eo Ejzjrkùs Yjstos (Njmjionomt, Ejmkdhmi jmk [rjmsgùmkjry

N`vonomt) Wudos, 7115, js jnomkok 7118. [eo shto njmjionomt w hdd jds` mook t` njhmtjhm

wjsto sehpnomt/ ff-shto khsp`sjd njmhfosts hmteo proslrhgok f`rnjt (F`rn :<), js roquhrok

umkor Wudo 7: `f [eo Ejzjrkùs Yjstos (Njmjionomt, Ejmkdhmi jmk [rjmsgùmkjry

N`vonomt) Wudos, 7115 , js jnomkok 7118.

[eo shto njmjionomt w hdd jds` go roquhrok t` jppdy f`r jmk `gtjhm j Fjlt`rhos Dhlomso, js por

[eo Fjlt`rhos Jlt, :8;5, js jnomkok .

Hm jkkhth m t` teo jg`vo, teo YGQLG njy spolhfy hm teo L[O/L[@/ jute`rhzjth m lortjhm

jkkhth mjd roquhronomts f`r teo shto, w ehle teo shto njmjionomt hs roquhrok t` omsuro

l`npdhjmlo w hte.

Qrh`r t` uso `f numhlhpjd w jtor/ irùmkwjtor t noot krhmbhmi w jtor roquhronomts, teo shto

njmjionomt hs roquhrok t` umkortjbo jmjdyshs f`r jdd pjrjnotors js nomth mok hm teo Guroju `f

Hmkhjm \tjmkjrks (GH\) :1?113:88: t` jslortjhm hf teo wjtor qujdhty l`npdhos w hte teo Hmkhjm

\tjmkjrk \polhfhljth m f`r Q tjgdo Yjtor.

\hto njmjionomt seùdk omsuro tejt m` oquhpnomt ushmi @z`mo Kopdothmi \ugstjmlos (@K\)

go purlejsok kurhmi l`mstrulth`m / hmstjddjth`m pejsos. Hmkhj hs j shimjt ry t` teo N mtrojd

Qr`t`l`d jmk umkor [eo @z`mo Kopdothmi \ugstjmlos (Woiudjth`m jmk L`mtr`d) Wudos, 7111 , hs

roquhrok t` l`npdotody pejso ùt lortjhm @K\ (Ljtoi`ry H - V, hmldukos LFLs) gy 71:1. ELFLs

(Ljtoi`ry VH @K\) ejvo j pr`kulth m jmk l`msunpth m dovod froozo gy 71:6 jmk j :11%

ropdjlonomt kojkdhmo `f 71;1.

[eo shto njmjionomt mooks t` jppdy f`r jmk gtjhm jdd molossjry omvhr`mnomtjd ldojrjmlos/

pornhts/ jute`rhzjth`ms prh`r t` l`nnomlhmi kovod`pnomt jlthvhty (l`mstrulth`m jmk/ r

`porjth m, js teo ljso njy go) jt teo sugcolt pr`porty.



\I\ HMKHJ QV[ DHNH[OK 71:7-11:/ Vorsh m :.1 / :1.1<.71:7 / Qjio :? f 7;

Hm jkkhth m, prh r t` l`nnomlhmi pr`p`sok jlthvhty jt teo shto jmk f`r `mi`hmi `porjth ms, teo

f`dd`w hmi omvhr`mnomtjd jlts jmk doihsdjth`ms njy jppdy: (sugcolt t` spolhfhl mjturo `f pr`p sok

`porjth ms jmk kovod pnomts `m shto)3

Omvhr`mnomtjd Doihsdjth`m - Yjtor Q dduth m3

[eo Yjtor (Qrovomth m jmk L`mtr`d `f Q`dduth m) Jlt, :89;, js jnomkok up t` :855

[eo Yjtor (Qrovomth`m jmk L`mtr`d f Q`dduth`m) Wudos, :89?

[eo Yjtor (Qrovomth`m jmk L`mtr`d f Q`dduth`m) Loss Jlt, :899, js jnomkok up t` 711<

[eo Yjtor (Qrovomth`m jmk L`mtr`d f Q`dduth`m) Loss Wudos, :895

Omvhr`mnomtjd Doihsdjth`m - Jhr Q dduth m3

[eo Jhr (Qrovomth`m jmk L`mtr`d f Q`dduth`m) Jlt, :85:, js jnomkok :859

[eo Jhr (Qrovomth`m jmk L`mtr`d f Q`dduth`m) Wudos, :857

Omvhr`mnomtjd Doihsdjth`m - Omvhr`mnomt Qr`tolth m3

[eo Omvhr`mnomt (Qr`tolth`m) Jlt, :856, js jnomkok :88:

[eo Omvhr`mnomt (Qr`tolth`m) Wudos, :856 jmk Jnomknomt Wudos up t` 7118

Omvhr`mnomt Hnpjlt Jssossnomt M`thfhljth`m, :88;, js jnomkok up t` 7118

Omvhr`mnomtjd Doihsdjth`m - Ejzjrkùs \ugstjmlo Njmjionomt Wodjtok3

[eo Gjttorhos (Njmjionomt jmk Ejmkdhmi) Wudos, 711:

[eo Njmufjlturo, \t`rjio jmk Hnp rt `f Ejzjrkùs Leonhljd Wudos, :858, js jnomkok

7111

[eo Ejzjrkùs Yjstos (Njmjionomt, Ejmkdhmi jmk [rjmsgùmkjry N`vonomt) Wudos,

7115, js jnomkok up t` 7118

[eo Gh`-Nokhljd Yjsto (Njmjionomt jmk Ejmkdhmi) Wudos, :885, js jnomkok up t` 711<

: \ug colt t` j l`nproeomshvo omv hr`mnomtjd roiud jt`ry rovhow p rh`r t` l`nnomlonomt `f k ovod`pnomt jlthvhthos




Omvhr`mnomtjd Doihsdjth m - M hso Q dduth m Wodjtok3

M`hso Q dduth`m (Woiudjth`m jmk L`mtr`d) Wudos, 7111, js jnomkok up t` 71:1

Omvhr`mnomtjd Doihsdjth`m - @teors

[eo @z`mo Kopdothmi \ugstjmlos (Woiudjth`m jmk L`mtr`d) Wudos, 7111

[eo Wolyldok Qdjsth ls Njmufjlturo jmk _sjio Wudos, :888, js jnomkok 711<

RM`to tejt teo jg`vo hs `mdy jm hmkhljthvo (jmk m`t oxejusthvo) dhst `f doihsdjth`ms tejt njy go

jppdhljgdo f`r teo pr`p`sok porjth`ms^

[eo shto njmjionomt hs roquhrok t` l`mfhrn teo roquhronomt `f `gtjhmhmi `teor jppdhljgdo

omvhr`mnomtjd pornhts/ dhlomsos/ jute`rhzjth`ms fr`n teo YGQLG prh`r t` l`nnomlhmi jmy

jlthvhty jt teo sugcolt pr`porty.

5 J HW ONH\\H@M\ NJMJIONOM[

Lurromtdy, m` `porjth`ms jro gohmi umkortjbom jt teo sugcolt shto jmk eomlo m` `porjth`mjd

sùrlo `f jhr onhssh`ms w oro `gsorvok t` go prosomt `r rop`rtok w htehm teo shto pronhsos kurhmi

teo jssossnomt.

8 M@H\O NJMJIONOM [

M` shimhfhljmt sùrlo `f m`hso wjs m`tok `r rop`rtok whtehm teo shto pronhsos kurhmi teo

jssossnomt.

:1 YJ[OW \_QQDX

Js rop rtok gy teo shto roprosomtjthvos, teo sugcolt shto ejs j wjtor phpodhmo l`mmolth`m fr`n

teo YGHHKL. [eo phpodhmo hs l`mmoltok t` j rosorvo wjtor tjmb d`ljtok mojr teo wostorm

gùmkjry `f teo sugcolt shto. YGHHKL ejs rop`rtokdy st`ppok suppdyhmi wjtor t` teo sugcolt shto

jftor BYLQD seutk`w m hts `porjth ms hm :88<.




Jm jgstrjlth m w odd (g`ro w odd oquhppok w hte j ejmk punp) w js m`tok t` go d`ljtok hm teo

ojstorm p`rth`m `f teo shto, wehle hs rop`rtokdy ~<? n koop jmk wjs hmstjddok hm :88?. [eo

jgstrjlth`m w odd hs rop`rtokdy usok t` ljtor t` teo k`nosthl js w odd js krhmbhmi wjtor mooks `f

teo solurhty iujrks stjth`mok jt teo sugcolt shto. M` jmjdyshs `f wjtor `gtjhmok fr`n teo g`ro

wodd hs rop`rtokdy umkortjbom.

M` `teor irùmkwjtor jgstrjlth`m wodd `r kui w odd wjs m`tok `r rop`rtok t` go prosomt `m shto

kurhmi teo jssossnomt.

:: YJ\[OY J[OW JMK \[@WN YJ[OW NJMJIONOM[

J dhmok krjhm w js m`tok t` go rummhmi pjrjddod t` teo ùtor porhpeory `f teo Ljsthmi Gd`lb . M`

khslejrio wjs `gsorvok hm teo krjhm `m teo kjy `f teo shto vhsht. Js rop`rtok gy teo shto

roprosomtjthvos, teo dhmok krjhm njhmdy sorvok t` l`ddolt teo st`rn w jtor fr`n teo r` f `f teo

Ljsthmi Gd`lb . [eo st`rn wjtor l`ddoltok hm teo jf`ronomth`mok wjs rop`rtokdy rodojsok w htehm

teo ojstorm p`rth`m f teo shto.

@m teo kjy `f teo shto vhsht, teo uml`vorok e`t wjtor tjmb (jkcjlomt teo punp eùso) wjs

`gsorvok t` go fhddok w hte jdijo-hmfostok wjtor. [eo wjtor wjs `gsorvok t` go kjrb iroom hm

l`d`r jmk w js rop`rtokdy prosomt w htehm teo tjmb shmlo :88<.

Js rop rtok gy teo shto roprosomtjthvos, rjhm w jtor jt teo shto f`dd ws teo mjturjd surfjlo irjkhomt

`f teo shto (w ehle hs t`w jrks teo ojst).

M` `teor sùrlo `f wjstowjtor jt teo shto w js `gsorvok t` go prosomt `r rop`rtok kurhmi teo

jssossnomt.

:7 LEONHLJD NJMJIONOM [

Js rop rtok gy teo shto roprosomtjthvos, lurromtdy m` leonhljds jro ejmkdok jt teo sugcolt shto.

:7.: _MKOWIW@_MK \[@WJIO [JMB\ (_\[\)




[eo shto rop`rtokdy ejs teroo (<) sopthl tjmbs `f jppr`xhnjtody <7 n< ljpjlhty ojle, jdd pr`vhkok

whte s`jb phts. @ut `f teo jf`ronomth`mok teroo (<) s`jb phts, tw` (7) woro m`tok t` go d`ljtok

mojr teo Jknhmhstrjthvo Gd`lb jmk `mo (:) w js d`ljtok hm teo lomtrjd p`rth`m `f teo shto.

Jkcjlomt t` teo punp eùso hs jm uml`vorok (`pom t` sby) umkorir umk WLL tjmb `f ~; n<

ljpjlhty, wehle wjs rop`rtokdy usok js j e t wjtor tjmb. Js por jmolk`tjd hmf`rnjth`m pr`vhkok

t` \I\, teo e`t w jtor tjmb wjs usok t` rolohvo l``dok wjtor fr`n teo l``dhmi t`wor wehle wjs

teom lhrludjtok t` teo Ljsthmi Gd`lb terùie jm umkorirùmk phpo l`mmolth m.

J l`vorok WLL tjmb `f ~66 n< ljpjlhty (pjrtdy umkorirùmk), roforrok t` js teo rosorvo wjtor

tjmb, w js m`tok t` go d`ljtok jt j khstjmlo f ~? n t`w jrks teo w ost f teo e`t wjtor tjmb.

:7.7 JG@VOIW@_MK \[@WJIO [JMB\ (J\[\)

Gjsok `m teo shto `gsorvjth`ms jmk khslussh`ms whte teo shto roprosomtjthvos, teo sugcolt shto

ejs j t`tjd `f mhmo (8) `voreojk notjddhl st`rjio tjmbs (f`rnordy usok f`r wjtor st`rjio) `f

ljpjlhty : n< ojle. @ut `f teo mhmo (8) `voreojk tjmbs, tw` (7) woro m`tok t` go d`ljtok `m teo

torrjlo `f teo Jknhmhstrjthvo Gd`lb , tw` (7) `m teo torrjlo `f teo st`ro r``n d`ljtok whtehm teo

Ljsthmi Gd`lb , tw` (7) `vor teo r``f `f teo djvjt`ry, tw` (7) `m teo torrjlo `f teo solurhty gd`lb

jmk `mo (:) `vor teo r``f `f teo Iujrk W``n. Jdd teo `voreojk wjtor tjmbs prosomt `m-shto jro

rop`rtokdy l`mmoltok w hte teo punps d`ljtok hm teo punp eùso terùie umkorir umk phpodhmo

motw`rb.

:7.< \QHDD NJMJIONOM [ QDJM

M t jppdhljgdo, js teo sugcolt shto ejs goom jgjmk`mok shmlo :88<.

:< YJ\[O NJMJIONOM [

Js m` porjth ms jro lurromtdy umkortjbom jt teo shto, m w jsto njmjionomt prjlthlos jro

f`dd`wok.

Lurromtdy m` porjth ms tejt iomorjto ejzjrkùs w jsto jro umkortjbom jt teo sugcolt shto..




Jsgost`s lonomt r``fhmi seoots woro m`tok t go usok jgumkjmtdy jt teo sugcolt shto. Qdojso

rofor \olth`m :; `f teo rop`rt f`r jsgost`s w jsto njmjionomt.

Js por jmolk tjd hmf`rnjth m pr`vhkok t` \I\, jftor BYLQD l`nnomlok ljsthmi porjth`ms jt

teo sugcolt shto, teo nùdkhmi sjmk tejt w js iomorjtok kuo t` teo ljsthmi jlthvhthos w js kunpok

hm jm jroj `f ~? n7, jt j khstjmlo f ~71 n t`wjrks teo sùte `f teo Ljsthmi Gd lb. [ehs

prjlthlo `f `m-shto kunphmi `f teo n udkhmi sjmk wjs rop`rtokdy prjlthlok f`r `mo (:) yojr, jftor

wehle BYLQD rop`rtokdy stjrtok soddhmi teo n udkhmi sjmk t` j vomk`r. Gjsok `m prosomtdy

jvjhdjgdo hmf`rnjth m w hte \I\, ht hs m`t p`sshgdo t` jslortjhm hf teo kunpok w jsto n udkhmi

sjmk fjdds w htehm teo ejzjrkùs w jsto lrhtorhj js spolhfhok umkor \leokudo H jmk \leokudo HH `f

[eo Ejzjrkùs Yjstos (Njmjionomt, Ejmkdhmi jmk [rjmsgùmkjry N`vonomt) Wudos, 7115,

js jnomkok up t` 7118. Ht hs teorof`ro rol`nnomkok, tejt teo shto njmjionomt leolb w hte teo

YGQLG roijrkhmi teo khsp`sjd note`k `f teo n udkhmi sjmk.

:; J\GO\[@\ L@M[JHMHMI NJ[OWHJD\ (JLN)

Jsgost s lonomt l`rruijtok r``fhmi seoots woro m`tok t` go jgumkjmtdy usok js r``fhmi

njtorhjd f`r teo Ljsthmi Gd`lb , st`ro r``n, l``dhmi t`wor strulturo jmk teo punp eùso. [eo

t`tjd jroj `f teo jsgost`s l`vor `m-shto hs rop`rtokdy jrùmk <,111 n7. Ht seùdk go m`tok tejt

teoro jro m` rostrhlth`ms `m teo uso `f jsgost`s-l`mtjhmhmi njtorhjds hm Hmkhj, js r``fhmi

njtorhjd. E wovor, wjsto/khsljrkok jsgost`s hs roiudjtok js ejzjrkùs w jsto, umkor [eo

Ejzjrkùs Yjstos (Njmjionomt, Ejmkdhmi jmk [rjmsgùmkjry N`vonomt) Wudos, 7115, js

jnomkok 7118 jmk jro t` go st`rok, ejmkdok jmk njmjiok js por teo roquhronomts stjtok hm

teo jf`ronomth mok Wudos.

M` teor jsgost`s l`mtjhmhmi njtorhjd w js `gsorvok `r rop`rtok t` go prosomt whtehm teo shto

pronhsos kurhmi teo jssossnomt.

JLN nust go jppr`prhjtody njmjiok hm `rkor t` odhnhmjto r nhmhnhzo teo rhsbs jss lhjtok w hte

oxp`suro t` jhrg`rmo jsgost`s fhgros. \I\ rol`nnomks tejt jdd jsgost`s r``fhmi seoots jt teo

shto go ron vok js prosomlo f teo sjno p`sos j sorhùs p`tomthjd eojdte rhsb.

L`nnomtok Rkm`6^3 Nùdkhmi sjmks `fto

peom ds.

L`nnomtok Rkm`9^3 Njbo j khfforomlo go

fhgors jsgost`s, w ehle hs hnnokhjtody kjmior`seùdk go ron`vok hm jmy ljso, jmk jsgost`s l

wehle hs `mdy kjmiorùs weom gr`bom hm sule

jsgost`s fhgors jro put h mt` suspomsh`m hm teo j

terojt teus.




Jsgost`s ron vjd mooks t` go umkortjbom `mdy gy trjhmok jmk qujdhfhok pors`mmod.

:? Q@DXLED@WHMJ[OK GHQEOMXD\

Js stjtok ojrdhor, jm umfomlok trjmsf`rnor `f umbm w m ljpjlhty wjs m`tok t` go d`ljtok mojr

teo wostorm porhnotor `f teo shto `m umpjvok surfjlo. Mojr teo jg`vonomth`mok trjmsf`rnor hs

j r``n, w hte j guhdt up jroj `f ~? n7, roforrok t` js teo Odoltrhljd W``n. Js rop`rtok gy teo shto

roprosomtjthvos, teo Odoltrhljd W``n eùsos jm`teor trjmsf`rnor `f umbm wm ljpjlhty. M`

jlloss t` teo Odoltrhljd W``n wjs pr`vhkok t` \I\ kurhmi teo jssossnomt, js teo sjno wjs

m`tok t` go d`lbok. Gjsok `m khslussh`ms w hte teo shto roprosomtjthvos jmk teo vhsujd

`gsorvjth`ms njko gy \I\, teo trjmsf`rnors prosomt `m-shto jro lurromtdy m`t l`mmoltok t` teo

njhm odoltrhl suppdy dhmo. G`te trjmsf`rnors w oro rop rtokdy hmstjddok m-shto kurhmi :85:-57.

M hmf`rnjth m roijrkhmi teo prosomlo `f QLGs hm teo trjmsf`rnor `hd wjs pr`vhkok t` \I\.

QLGs jro `rijmhl l`npùmks w ehle jro oxtronody t`xhl hm mjturo jmk porshstomt omvhr`mnomtjd

p`ddutjmts. _sok QLG `hd hs l`mshkorok js j ejzjrkùs wjsto js por teo \leokudo jppomkok t`

[eo Ejzjrkùs Yjstos (Njmjionomt, Ejmkdhmi jmk [rjmsgùmkjry N`vonomt) Wudos, 7115,

js jnomkok up t` 7118.

_sjio `f QLGs hm trjmsf`rnor `hd w js khsl`mthmuok hm Hmkhj hm teo ojrdy :851s. Qrosomlo `f

QLGs hm trjmsf`rnors hmstjddok teorojftor ejs goom nhmhnjd hm Hmkhj.

Ihvom tejt teo trjmsf`rnors `m shto woro rop`rtokdy hmstjddok hm teo ojrdy :851s, dhbodhe``k `f teo

prosomlo f QLGs hm teo trjmsf`rnor hd ljmm`t go omthrody oxldukok.

\I\ rol`nnomks tejt teo shto njmjionomt `gtjhm hmf`rnjth m fr`n teo trjmsf`rnor

njmufjlturor(s) jgùt teo typo `f `hd usok `r umkortjbo j QLG jmjdyshs `f teo `hd prosomt, t`

omsuro tejt m` QLGs jro prosomt whtehm teo sjno.

:6 \@HD JMK IW@_MKYJ[OW HNQJL[

M` l`mtjnhmjth`m-spolhfhl s`hd jmk irùmkw jtor hmvosthijth`m ejs rop`rtokdy goom umkortjbom jt

teo sugcolt shto thdd kjto.

L`nnomtok Rkm`5^3 H‘n m t suro teoy whd

fhmk jmk t ihvo hmf rnjth m jgùt sule jm dk

H wùdk l mshkor ht js J@QL jmk rol`nnomk o

ovjlujto (hf mow hmstjddjt h`m hs oxpoltok) `r t`

gy spolhjdh zok tolemhlhjm h f t go usok furteor.



\I\ HMKHJ QV[ DHNH[OK 71:7-11:/ Vorsh m :.1 / :1.1<.71:7 / Qjio 7: f 7;

Gjsok `m teo `gsorvjth`ms njko kurhmi teo shto w jdbterùie, m` vhsujd jrojs `f shimhfhljmt

p`tomthjd sugsurfjlo l`mlorm woro hkomthfhok jt teo shto m teo kjy f teo jssossnomt.

E w ovor, p`tomthjd f`r sug-surfjlo l`mtjnhmjth`m kuo t` ehst`rhljd jlthvhthos jt teo shto jmk/`r

`porjth ms umkortjbom gy teo mohieg`rhmi hmkustrhos ljmm`t go omthrody oxldukok.

[eo strulturos/ uthdhthos jt teo shto, wehle hm teo pjst lùdk ejvo p`tomthjddy hnpjltok teo sug-

surfjlo, jro js f`dd`ws3

[eo jg`voirùmk lydhmkrhljd notjddhl tjmb `f ~:7 n< ljpjlhty, rop`rtokdy usok f`r st`rjio `f

furmjlo `hd gy BYLQD. Js m` sol`mkjry l`mtjhmnomt w js m`tok jrùmk teo tjmb, p`tomthjd

f`r dojbjio/sphddjio fr`n teo tjmb kurhmi d`jkhmi/umd`jkhmi jlthvhthos ljmm`t go omthrody

oxldukok.

Jm umfomlok hd-gjsok trjmsf`rnor `f umbm`wm ljpjlhty m`tok mojr teo w ostorm porhnotor

`f teo shto `m umpjvok surfjlo. Q tomthjd f`r dojbjio `f trjmsf`rnor `hd (w ehle njy ejvo

l`mtjhmok QLGs) f r`n teo `hd umht jmk soopjio `f teo sjno umkorirùmk ljmm`t go omthrody

oxldukok.

L`nnomtok Rkm`8^3 \eùdkm‘t wo ljdd teo

oxpdhlhtdy J@QL0

L`nnomtok Rkm`:1^3 [eùie yù lùdkm

hmshko `f teo guhdkhmi, yù seùdk l`mshkor ht j

l`mtjhmhmi J@QL.

L`nnomtok Rkm`::^3 Nùdkhmi sjmks ljm

peom ds. \t`rjio pdjlo seùdk go l mshkor js J

L`nnomtok Rkm`:7^3 H tehmb yù seùdk j

l`mldush`m jmk rol`nnomk t porf rn j O\J Q

J@QL ejvo goom hkomthfhok, jmk rol`nnomk j

sjnpdhmi strjtoiy.

L`nnomtok Rkm`:<^3 Hm s`no sht os, Hr`m

wht e hd jro st`rok jmk ljm ljuso l`mtjnhmjth`




:9 KH\LDJHNOW

[ehs rop`rt w js rojdhzok gjsok `m kjtj `gtjhmok fr`n teo Ldhomt/tjriot L npjmy, hmtorvhows

whte teo shto roprosomtjthvos jmk shto vhsht, t` teo gost `f \I\ Omvhr`mnomtjd \orvhlos‘

bm w dokio jmk godhof, gojrhmi hm nhmk teo jirook jssossnomt `gcolthvos jmk kofhmok sl`po `f

w`rb.

\I\ Omvhr`mnomtjd \orvhlos ljmm`t iujrjmtoo teo l`npdotomoss `r jllurjly `f jmy

koslrhpth`m `r l`mldush`ms `f te`so p`rth`ms `f tehs rop`rt tejt jro gjsok `m k`lunomts jmk

vorgjd hmf`rnjth`m pr`vhkok gy roprosomtjthvos `f teo Ldhomt `r teo tjriot L`npjmy. \I\

Omvhr`mnomtjd \orvhlos ejs m`t hmkopomkomtdy vorhfhok sule hmf`rnjth`m. \I\ hm m` wjy seùdk

go eodk jllùmtjgdo f`r jmy fjudts, khslropjmlhos `r hmjllurjlhos hm hmf`rnjth`m `gtjhmok fr`n

I`vormnomt jute`rhthos, `teor sùrlos ùtshko `f \I\, vorgjd hmf`rnjth m pr`vhkok t` \I\ `r

kovod`pnomts rosudthmi fr`n lhrlunstjmlos/ l`mkhth`ms goy`mk teo sl`po f tehs jssossnomt.

\I\ njbos m` jssurjmlo r iujrjmtoo, f wejtsòvor mjturo, whte roijrks teo norlejmtjghdhty,

njrbotjghdhty `r suhtjghdhty `f teo s hto f`r jmy purp`so.

Q tomthjd `r rop`rtok jgsomlo `f jmy spolhf hl ejzjrkùs `r t`xhl njtorhjds/ leonhljds/ wjstos jt

teo shto seùdk m`t, hm jmy w jy, go l`mstruok js jm umkortjbhmi/ l`mfhrnjth`m tejt sule

njtorhjds jro m`t prosomt jt teo shto `r woro m`t prosomt jt teo shto ehst`rhljddy. Js teo

jssossnomt pr`loss hs rostrhltok gy sl`po, thno jmk sleokudo, ht hs m`t nojmt t` go

l`nproeomshvo jmk jdd-hmldushvo.

M` pr`n`th`mjd `r jkvorthshmi jlthvhthos (hmldukhmi gr`leuros jmk `fforhmi lhrludjrs) `f teo Ldhomt

`r hts jffhdhjtos seùdk hmv`dvo usjio f jmy `r jdd hmf`rnjth`m stjtok w htehm \I\‘ rop`rt `r

l`rrosp`mkomlos.

Jdd sorvhlos gy \I\ jro pr`vhkok hm jll`rkjmlo w hte teo \I\ \tjmkjrk L` mkht h`ms `f

\orvh lo . L`nnomtok Rkm`:;^3 [eo 6;.111 onpd y

ejs t go n`khfhok. K`m‘t yù put jppomkhlos

phlturos, otl.0



Js teo w`rdk‘s dojkhmi Hmspolth`m,Vorhfhljth`m, [osthmi jmkLorthfhljth`m L`npjmy, wo pr`vhkol`npoththvo jkvjmtjio, krhvo

sustjhmjghdhty jmk kodhvor trust

Wolìmhsok js teo id`gjdgomlenjrb f`r qujdhty jmkhmtoirhty, wo onpd`y `vor 6;,111po`pdo jmk `porjto j motw`rb `fn`ro tejm :,7?1 `ffhlos jmk

djg`rjt`rhos jrùmk teo w`rdk

Yo jro l`mthmujddy pusehmiùrsodvos t` kodhvor hmm`vjthvosorvhlos jmk s`duth`ms tejt eodp

ùr lust`nors n`vo teohrgushmossos f`rwjrk

ESA Phase I report by SGS

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Transcript of ESA Phase I report by SGS