[Ernest Alfred Wallace Budge] a Catalogue of The

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Cambridge

Te city o Cambridge received its royal charter in 1201, having already been home

to Britons, Romans and Anglo-Saxons or many centuries. Cambridge University

was ounded soon aferwards and celebrates its octocentenary in 2009. Tis series

explores the history and influence o Cambridge as a centre o science, learning,

and discovery, its contributions to national and global politics and culture, and its

inevitable controversies and scandals.

A Catalogue of the Egyptian Collection in

the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge

Since the first donations o Egyptian arteacts to the Fitzwilliam Museum,

including most notably the sarcophagus lid o Rameses III donated in 1823, its

ancient Egyptian holdings have grown steadily. Tis collection, now one o the

most important in Britain, was catalogued or the first time by Sir Ernest Alred

Tompson Wallis Budge (18571934) o the British Museums department o

antiquities. Budge was a leading authority on ancient Egypt and had himselacquired several pieces or the museum in Egypt in 1886-7. Te collection as

listed in this 1893 publication included 577 objects: sarcophagi, coffins, canopic

jars, mummies, scarabs, sculptures, and other decorative objects. Budge provided

transcriptions and translations o the hieroglyphs that appear on the objects with

his descriptions o each item. Although the collection has been augmented by many

urther gifs and purchases, Budges catalogue remains a valuable record o the

collection in the late Victorian period.

C A M B R I D G E L I B R A R Y C O L L E C T I O N

Books of enduring scholarly value


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Cambridge University Press has long been a pioneer in the reissuing o out-o-

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A Catalogue o theEgyptian Collection

in the FitzwilliamMuseum, Cambridge

E A W B


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C AMBRIDGE UNIVERS IY PRES S

Cambridge New York Melbourne Madrid Cape own Singapore So Paolo Delhi

Published in the United States o America by Cambridge University Press, New York

www.cambridge.orgInormation on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781108004398

in this compilation Cambridge University Press 2009

Tis edition first published 1893Tis digitally printed version 2009

ISBN 978-1-108-00439-8

Tis book reproduces the text o the original edition. Te content and language reflectthe belies, practices and terminology o their time, and have not been updated.


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A CATALOGUEOF THE

EGYPTIAN COLLECTIONINTHE

FITZWILLIAM MUSEUM.


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SoniJon: C. J. CLAY AND SON S,CAMBEIDGE UNIVEESITY PEESS WAEEHOUSE,

AVE MAEIA LANE.

CAM BRIDGE: DEIGHTO N, BEL L, AND CO.L E IPZ IG : F. A. BROCKHAUS.

N E W Y O RK : M A CM IL L A N A N D CO .


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A C A T A L O G U EOF THE

E G Y P T I A N C O L L E C T I O NIN THE

FITZWILLIAM MUSEUMCAMBRIDGE

BY

E. A. WALLIS BUDGE, L IT T .D . , F.S.A.,ACTING ASSISTANT KEEPER IN THE DEPARTMENT OF EGYPTIAN AND

ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES, BRITISH MUSEUM.

C AM BRIDGEAT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS

1893[All Rights reserved]


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PRINTED BY C. J. CLAY, M.A. ANDSONSAT THEUNIVERSITY PRESS

from plates prepared byM E S S R S HA R R I S O N SONS, LONDON.


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DEDICATED TOJOHN PEILE, LITT.D.,

MASTER OF CHRIST 'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE.

A MARK OF GRATITUDE AND REGARD.


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P R E F A C E .

TH E collection of Egyptian Antiquities in the FitzwilliamMuseum has been formed by donations from Members of theUniversity of Cambridge and others, and by purchases madeby the Syndics. The valuable mum my and coffin of Pa-kep ,presented by H. R. H. the Prince of Wales, the granite coverof the Sarcophagus of Ram eses II I. , by Belzoni, the gran itesarcophagus of Hunefer, a scribe, by Messrs Hanbury andWaddington, and the coffins of Nesi-pa-ur-shefi by MessrsYorke and Leake of T rin ity College, give to this collection,though numerically small, an importance possessed by noother of the same size. During the last six years a con-siderable number of smaller but typical objects have beenadded to the collection. In D ecember 1886, the Vice-Chancellor, Dr Swainson, Master of Christ's College, informedme while in Eg yp t th at a sum of ,100 had been voted bythe University for the purchase of Egyptian antiquities andasked me to expend this money as advantageously as possible.With the permission of Dr Edward A. Bond, C.B., PrincipalLibrarian of the British Museum, I did so, and purchased aslarge a number of good specimens of classes of objects whichI knew to be unrepresented in the collection of the FitzwilliamMuseum as the funds placed at my disposal would allow.These were exhibited at a meeting of the Cambridge Anti-quarian Society in May 1887, when I gave some account ofthem and submitted a list which was afterwards printed intheReporterof May 17, 1S87, No. 686. This at tempt to fill upgaps in the collection was continued by the Rev. Greville J.Chester, who in 1890 and 1891 presented to the Fitzwilliam


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viii PREFACE.Museum a considerable number of miscellaneous objectswhich have helped to make the Egyptian collection morerepresentative. Th e expen diture of a comparatively smallsum of money would now make it a valuable instrument forteaching purposes, and as complete as any collection withoutconstant Government support, in the past or present, canhope to be. It is greatly to be hoped tha t every opportunityof add ing typical objects to this collection will be embraced,for the prices paid for good Egyptian antiquities increasesyearly by leaps and bounds, and a time must soon come, if,indeed, it has not already arrived, when institutions withlimited means which have chiefly to be spent in antiquitiesother than Egyptian, will be unable to compete againstwealthy collectors and dilettanti.

The usual plan of inserting long notes and historical andarchaeological dissertations among the descriptions of objectsin the Catalogue has not been followed, for both Prof. J. H.Middleton and I thought it better to give these in the formof chapters distinct from the Catalogue. These chap ters arepublished in a separate volume by the Cambridge UniversityPress entitled The Mummy: hapterson Egyptian FunerealArchaeology" Th e summ ary of Eg yptian history and the listof the cartouches of the principal kings from Mena to Decius,may be of service to those who use both works.

E. A. WALLIS BUDGE.


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CONTENTS.

PAGEList of the Prin cipa l Benefacto rs to th e Fitzwilliam

Museum from whom additions to the EgyptianCollection have been received . . . . xi, xii

Granite cover of the sarcophagus of Ra mes es I II . , Ki ngof Egypt, about B.C. 1200 . . . . . 1

Gra nit e sarc opha gus of Hun efe r, a scribe . . . 47Wo o de n coffins of Nesi-pa-ur-shef, a scri be in th e T e mp l e

of Amen, about B.C. 1500.I . T he cover which was laid on the mu mm y 730

I I . T h e inner coffin . . . . . 3055I I I . T h e outer coffin 55 58

Wooden coffins of Pa-kepu, a water-carrier at Thebes,ab ou t B.C. 500 58 6 2

M um my a nd Coffin of a P er so n u nk no wn . . . 63Canopic jars . . . . . . . . . 6366Boxes for holding ushabtiu figures 6668Ptah-Seker-Ausar figure 68Ushabtiu figures . . . . . . . . 69Mo del s of offerings 74Sepulchral stelae . - 7 5Sepulchral statues of Ka r ema and Abui . . . . 85


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CONTENTS.

Scarabs from mummies, rings, etc. :Scarabs inscribed with na me s of god s . , 88Scarabs inscribed with nam es of kings . . 90Scarabs inscribed with nam es of private persons 97Scarabs inscribed with devices, emblems, mottoes,

etc. . . . . . . . . 9 9Scarabs uninscribe d in

Miscellaneous objects in faience, alabaster, wood, etc. :Bronze axe-head, ivory han ds an d arms, alabaster

vases . . . . . . . 1 1 2Kohl pot, diori te bowl, bronze mirror, bronze

H a r p o c ra t es . . . . . . 1 1 4Be ads , rings, am ule ts, figures of god s . . 115Inscribed l inen bandage . . . . . 1 1 6Bronze f igures of gods , . . . , 1 1 8Li mes to n e a lt a r . . . . . . 1 1 9

Black basalt base of a statue of Psammetichus, an official,abou t B.C. 550 . . . . . . . 1 2 0

Part of a black basal t s tatue of Psammetichus II . , aboutB.C. 59 6 122

Collection of Egyptian antiquities presented to the Fitz-will iam Museum by the late Rev. Greville J . Chester,B.A. (Oxon .) 122 132


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L I S T O F T H E P R I N C I P A L B E N E F A C T O R S T OT H E F I T Z W I L L I A M M U S E U M F RO M W H O MA D D I T I O N S T O T H E E G Y P T I A N C O L L E C -T I O N H A V E B E E N R E C E I V E D .

1. H i s R O YA L HI G HN E S S T H E PR I N CE O F W A L E S .Mummy and coffins of Pa-kep, a water carrier atThebes, about B.C. 500.

2. GIOVAN NI BATTISTA BELZON I .Granite cover of the sarcophagus of Rameses III.,King of Egypt, B.C. 1200.

3. H. B. BRADY, ESQ. , F.R.S.A wooden sepulchral chest for holding ushabtiufigures.

4. T H E R E V . G R E V I L L E J. C H E S T E R , B.A., Oxon.A miscellaneous collection of Egyptian antiquities,consisting of beads, amulets, ushabtiu figures, andother objects in faience, scarabs, vases in stoneand earthenware, etc., etc.

5. J. W I L L I S C L A R K , M.A., Trinity College.Bronze figure of Isis suckling Horus.

6. D R E D W A R D D A N I E L C L A R K E , Trinity College.Inscribed basalt plinth from a statue of Psammeti-

chus, an officer who lived during the reign ofAmasis II., B.C. 550.


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Xll7. A. HAN BUR Y, ESQ. , and H is EXC ELL ENC Y M. H.

W A D D I N G T O N , B.A., Trinity College.A granite sarcophagus of Hunefer, a scribe, about

B.C. 400.8. H. H. H A R R O D , B.A., Peterhouse.

Two porcelain plaques and head of a bronze uraeus.9. W I L L I A M MA R T I N L E A KE , E S Q . , and the R I G H T H O N .

C H A R L ES P H I L I P Y O R K E .Coffins of Nesi-pa-ur-shef, a scribe in the temple ofAmen-Ra at Thebes, about B.C. 1500.

10. T H E VE RY RE V. G. PEACOCK , D.D., DE AN OF EL Y .A limestone stele in the shape of a door of a tomb.

11. P R O F . W. R O B E R T S ON S M I T H , M.A., LL.D., Christ'sCollege.

A collection of faience figures, etc.12. T H E HO N . G E O R G E T O W N S H E N D .

A mummy and coffin of an unknown person.13. His EXCELLENC Y M. H. W AD DIN GTO N and A.

H A N B U R Y , E S Q .Granite sarcophagus of Hunefer, a scribe, abou t

B.C. 400.14. T H E VE R Y R E V. J A ME S W O O D , D .D ., DE A N O F E L Y .

A limestone pyramidion from Thebes.15. T H E R I G H T H O N . C H A R L E S P H I L I P Y O R K E , an d

W . M A R T I N L E A K E , E S Q .Coffins.of Nesi-pa-ur-Shef, a scribe in the temple ofAmen-Ra, at Thebes, about B.C. 1500.


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CATALOGUE.

I. Cover1 of the red granite sarcophagus of Rameses III.,King of Egypt, about B.C. 1200.This object, one of the most important of the Egyptianantiquities in the Fitzwilliam Museum, was presented to theUniversity of Cambridge by B elzoni2 in 1823. It was brough tby him from the tomb of Rameses III., which is situated inthe Valley of the T om bs of the Kings, BiMn el-Muluk, on th ewestern bank of the Nile, opposite to the ancient Thebes. Onthe cover is a figure of Ram eses I II . inrelief. He wears on hishead the usual royal head-dress with an urseus over his fore-head. Above the head-dress he wears the disk, feathers, andhorns, _^jsi_. The figure of the king is made to represent thegod Osiris in the form of a mummy. The arm s are crossedover the breast; in the right hand he holds the crook |,emblem of dominion, and in the left, the whip or flail, emblemof rule. On one side of the k ing stands Isis |]Q, and on theother Nephthys [J Q; each embraces the king's body.

1 See Birch, Antiquarian Comm unications of the Cambridge AntiquarianSociety, iii. pp. 371-378.2 Belzoni was a native of Padua, although his family came originally fromRom e. H e left Italy in 1800 to visit various parts of E uro pe, and m arried soonafter 1803. H e arrived in E gypt in 1815, having gone the re to build machineslor irrigating the country. Wh ile there he was employed by Mr. Salt, H isBritannic Majesty's Consul-General at Cairo, to remove Egyptian antiquities fromTheb es to Lon don , and his investigations at Theb es produced good results. H ediscovered the to mb of Seti I. , and brought the magnificent sarcophagus of thatking to Englan d, where it was purchased by Sir Joh n Soan e for ^20 00 . K isexcavalions in Egyp t lasted five years, 1815 -1819. H e died Decem ber 3rd,1823, at G ato, in the kingdo m of Benin, on the West Coast of Africa. For anaccount of his labours, seeNarrative of the Operations and Discoveries in Egyptand Nubia, by G. Belzoni, London, 1820,

B. C. I


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2 COVER OF SARCOPHAGUS OF RAMESES III .Between the king and each goddess is a female figure, withraised hands, accompanied by a serpen t. Th e cover isfractured in many places, and it appears that the damagewas done to it in ancient times.1 Owing to these breaks alarge portion of the two lines of inscription which run roundthe edges of the cover is wanting; each line begins at thehead of the cover. Th e more complete line reads:

=Ausar su ten net neb taiuOsiris, \ Kin? of Upperand' I f Usr-ma


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COVER OF SARCOPHAGUS OF RAMESES III . 3The sarcophagus1 to which the cover above described

belonged, is now preserved in the Museum of the Louvre; itis monolithic, and is in the form of a cartouche ca. Theinside and outside are covered with scenes and inscriptions ofgreat interest, and relate to the passage of the sun in theunderworld ; they are selections from the work entitled the Book of being in the Underw orld.The mummy of Rameses III. was found among the royalmummies brough t from Der el-Bahari by MM. Maspero andBrugsch ; it is now preserved a t Gizeh. It was wrapped inorange coloured linen and bound round with four bands ofordinary linen. On th e outer covering there was no in-scription, but round the head was a ban dag e inscribed w ithvultures, uraei, etc. It had been deposited in the coffin ofQueen Nefert-ari, and was for some time regarded as hermummy; but when it was unrolled on June 1st, 1886, it wasseen from the hieratic inscriptions on the bandages that itwas certainly the mummy of Rameses III., and that newlinen bandages had been wrapped round it in the 9th year of the chief priest of Am en-R a, king of the gods, Pa-net'em I.,about B.C. 1100. M. Maspero ha s given exce llent pictures ofthe mum my, and of the face and features of the k ing, andcareful measurements of the body and its limbs ; his generaldescription of it is as follows:2 Les cheveux et la barbesont ras. Le nez, busqu comm e celui de R amses II., a etelegerement deprim6 par les bandele ttes. La bouche estmince; cinq dents seulement sont visibles; la premieremolaire a 6t6 us^e ou cassee. Les oreilles sont rondes ; letragus en est peu developpe et Pourlet tres fort. Le lobeavait et6perce, mais les pendants ont ete enleves des l'anti-quitd. Les parties genitales ont ete tranchees pour treembaume es a part. (P . 566.)

1 For a description of it, see Notice des Monumens exposh dans la Galeried'ahtiquites Egyptienn es . . . . au Muse 'e du Louvr e, par E. de Rouge, Paris.1872, pp. 173-176. C' est un magnifique mon olithe en granit rose,3'ime largeur proportionnee, creuse pour recevoir la momie royale enfermee dahsplusieurs riches cercueils, et couvert de sculpture s sur toutes ses surfaces in-trieures et exterieu res. Cham pollion-FigeaC , L'Egypte, p. 348, col. 2.2 Les Monties Royales de DHr el-Baharl, pp. 563-566. I 2


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4 SARCOPHAGUS OF HU NE FER .Th e tomb of Rameses III ., situated in the eastern

valley, on the west bank of the Nile, opposite Thebes, iscommonly known by the name given to it by Bruce, "theHa rper's To mb ." It is one of the most beautiful andinteresting of the tomb s which now remain. It was originallyintended for Set-necht, M{ \ ^fHi$0sJL . | H | 1> t h e father of Rameses III., who builtthe first room only. The sarcophagus stood in a large hall,the roof of which was supported by eight pillars at the endof the tomb . A description of the scenes painted on thewalls of the chambers and corridors has been given by Cham-pollion, Notices, t. I. pp . 404-42 4, and 744-752, and byChampollion - Figeac, Egypte Ancienne, p. 347, col. 2. Themost recent description is by Lefebure, Naville, and Schiapa-relli, in Les H ypogees Royatix de Tkibes, seconde division,Paris, 1889, pp. 87-120 (Les Annales du Musee Guimet).For a brief notice of the chief events in the reign of thisking, see the sketch of Egyptian history at the beginning ofthis book.

2. .Sarcophagus of Hunefer, a Scribe, about B.C. 400.This grey granite sarcophagus measures 7ft. 4in.by 4 ft.by2ft. 7in., and is one of a class of which com para tively fewexamples remain j 1 it is made in the shape of a mum my. Itwas presented to the Fitzwilliam Museum by Messrs. Han-bury and Waddington, of Trinity College, Cambridge, in1835. Th e outside is decorated with short lines of roughly

cut shallow hieroglyphs and figures of the more importantgods of the underworld ; these were originally painted red tomake them more easily seen. Th e insides of the sarcophagusand cover are uninscribed. Th e hollow in the sarcophagusin which the mummy was laid is shallow, and the cover isbut slightly concave. The edges of both cover and sarco-phagus have been damaged in ancient times, and towards thehead much injury has been done to the inscriptions eitherby weather or by rough usage during transp ort from Eg yp t.1 Compare granite cover No. 78, and a granite sarcophagus No. 18 in theEgyptian Gallery of the British Museum.


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SARCOPHAGUS OF HU NE FER . 5The face and features hewn on the cover are of a remarkablecharacter. Th e ea rs and nose are large and flat, the lips arethick, and the general appearance of the face recalls to mindthe sarcophagi of Eshmunazar1 and Tabnith.2 Under abroad necklace is a figure of Nut with outspread wings, andon each side of her is a figure of Anubis -^=3\J and an ut'at,^ 5 . A t the head of the cover is a figure of Ne phthys, and amutilated inscription stating that this goddess has come forthe protection of the dead man ; and at the foot is a figure ofIsis,from each of whose arm s hangs ?dn%," life," and byeach of whose sides is ^ sa ,"protection." The inscriptionreads: " Says Isis, the migh ty lady, divine m ot he r,' I havecome to thee to protect thee, O Osiris, the ha, Hunefer. '"sThe perpendicular line of hieroglyphics reads:

an Ausar ha Hu - nefer maatxeru ha"Behold Osiris, the ha Hune fer, triumphan t I Hail,

3K II O Q O X H ^ ^ Q > . n J W 1 F==i l~ s i~ lt fT ' I I I "w w ^^ ^H lmut - a Nut peses - s tenh en her - amother my Nut spreads shewing[s her] over me "This formula is also found on a granite cover of a

sarcophagus of a high official called M^ ^^. - -4 g]i Setaa,preserved in the British Museum (Egyptian Gallery, No. 78)On each side of this line are three divisions in which arefigures of Hapi, Mestha ^ f | jjf], Anpu, Apua t, Qebh-sennuf, and Tuam autef. The short lines of inscriptions whichaccom pany each figure begin with jT ) ^ l|[l met

1 Se e Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum, t. I., pars prima, tab. II ., 3 c.2 Preserved in the Imperial Ottoman Museum at Constantinople.


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SARCOPHAGUS OF HUNEFER.r,and contain the name of the god of whom the deceasedis a "watchful adorer," and the nam e of the deceased. T heinscription on the right hand edge reads :

/WWV\11 1" Says Seb, the prince . . . . the heir, prince of the underworld,to Osiris, the ha Hunefer, Horu s, to wit, son of Isis, give tothee the mountains of the underworld their two hands." T hecorresponding line on the other side of the cover is mutilated.On the head of the sarcophagus is a figure of Nephthys,with upraised arms, from each of which hangs y #%," life."She says, " I come to p rotect thee, Osiris, su perintendentof the house (temple), ha. Hunefer, triumphant." 2 On thefoot are cut V 11 V , **> signs of "prote ction" and" stability." Aroun d these are inscribed :

x ^

Beginning on the right-hand side at the head, andreading towards the foot of the sarcophagus, are the1Compare cover, No. 78, B.M. l p | 1 " ^ ^ J J J ? J~=X (J S


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MUMMY COVER OF NE SI-PA -UR -SHE F. 7following deities:ibis-headed god, Mesthit, Anpu, Qebh-sennuf,ibis-headed god, holding y , H api, A pu at, Tuamautef,and Seb, the " prince of the gods." T he lines of inscriptionrelating to these figures are occupied chiefly with the titlesof the offices held by the deceased, and the names of gods ;they are of little interest.From the inscription on the foot of the sarcophagusit is clear that the deceased Hunefer was a noblemanof high rank ^ ha, and that he held a number ofimportant offices connected with the administration of therevenues of the temple of Amen, and of many other gods.He was "royal scribe," I rjA suten na, "superintendent ofthe farms of all the gods," [ J g J , , , | lU , , , 'ahet en neteret nebu, " superintendent of granaries," \ H-J- l imer sennet, "sup erinten den t of the great house of Am en,"" superintendent of the treasury of Am en," )C~JYc~3F m n OvH JH mer pau het'enAmen,and "director of the festival of

1 WM i 1 tl . r\ " ' " " nAmen ," ~^~^ /ww^lj /N sem Jieb enAmen. Th e BritishMuseum possesses a beautifully illuminated hieroglyphicpapyrus (No. 9901), written for a "superintendent of theking, the lord of the two lands, M en-m aat-Ra (Seti I.),superintendent of the cattle of the lord of the two lands,royal scribe, H un ef er "; bu t it is not possible tha t thispapyrus and the sarcophagus described above were made forthe same person.

3. The Coffins of Nesi-pa-ur-shef, su per inten den t of thescribes in the Temple of Amen-Ra, at Thebes, about B.C.1500. Presented to the Fitzwilliam Museum by the Rig htHon. Charles Philip Yorke and William Martin Leake, Esq.I- TheCover which was laid upon the Mummy.

(Description of the Outside.)This wooden cover, which was laid upon the mummy,measures 5 ft. 8f in. x 18in., and is made in th e shape of a


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8 MUMMY COVER OF NE SI-PA -UR -SH EF.mummied man, with his hand s crossed over his breast. Th ehead-dress is painted blue, and over th e forehead is a bandpainted with squares of green and red to im itate inlaidprecious stones. Th e beard is wan ting. The hand s, whichare made of solid pieces of wood, and which were glued tothe coffin after it was made, probably once held woodenmodels of the crook | , and w hip ^\, which the god Osirisis always represented as holding. On each arm are bracelets,and immediately above the wrist is a figure of the hawk ofHorns with a whip ^ o n a stand, on the front of whichis an urseus wearing the crown of Up per E gy pt $ kef. Behindis a winged urasus wearing a disk and having a sceptre j , andut'at 3p5*. Abo ve the hands is a ram-headed, winged beetlehaving ?Qj between his forelegs, and the emblems of thecircuit described b y the sun in the heavens Q sen,stability,^ tet,and two uraei between the hind legs. Above the beetleare winged uraei and ut'ats. Aroun d the neck is a deepcollar, composed of rows of lotus buds and flowers, paintedgreen and red upon a yellow ground, as are all the scenes onthe outside of this cover. Over the portion of the co llar whichfalls under each shoulder is the head of the hawk of Horus.Immediately below the arms is a ram-headed beetlewearing a disk, on each side of which is an uraeus ; from eachneck hang y j y x us ^nX> " e> power, life." Beneaththe beetle are the emblem of stability |[ tet, and the figure^ heh,"myriads of years," who has Q sen,"the sun's circuit,"upon his head, and y dn^, "life," hanging from one arm.On the left hand side is a figure of the god Osiris seatedupon a throne wearing sQ and holding a fheqandjj\ yu inhis hands. Before him, stand ing on V"V, is the soul of thedead m an in the form of a human -headed bird l j \ , makingan offering of incense ^f and flowers. Behind the soul standsthe goddess Isis, wife of Osiris, winged, having j]Auset onher head, and (Jmaat, the emblem of law, in her right hand ;above her is written"1ff]S ^ ^ neter &aAuset hent peryeru," Great goddess, Isis, mistress of sepulchra l meals." On theright hand side is a repetition of this scene, but the goddess


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MUMMY COVER OF NESI-PA-UR-SHEF. 9there represented standing behind the soul is Nephthys,Q Q Nebt-het, the sister of Osiris.

Beneath these scenes, and under a star-spangled sky,holding dn% in each hand, is a winged female figure ;this figure is the goddess Nut, who is here supposed tocover and protect the dead man with her wings. On eachside of her are the usual Q sen,winged urseus, and ut'at.To the left of the figure is a jackal god, Anubis (I \ \Atipu, who holds between his paws a sceptre y , towhich is attached a double mendt (w In front of thejackal is a standard, upon the top of which are a diskand plumes. Above it is a legend ~*ZZ7| o | u | *TAusdr 7ieb heh %ent Amentet dri t'etta," Osiris, lord of eternity,president of Amentet, maker of everlasting." The jackal andthe standard are repeated on the right hand side, but thelegend over the standard reads r> "^Z780 S fa 1- L ^ J - A A I 1 I *


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1O MUMMY COVER OF NE SI-1'A-UR -SHE F.

Nesi - pa - ur - sef maatxeru her sebNest -pa - ur-shef, triumphan t Ch ief of thedoors cf

sebe%etet settat em tua t sesiMpylons hidden in theunderworld, follower of

Sekeri en Re-stettet Ausar em Te tet ari - nefSeker in Re-stau, and ofOsiris in Tetet. May be made to him

a n | no i www / qqqQ. HI

neter sentra qebh embah neteru nebu[offerings of \incense andlibations in thepresenceof the gods all of

^ i ^ o em 7TAm entet sesep - k sennu per embahAmentet I Mayestreceive thou cakes, and come forth in thepresence of

Amen - RaAmen - Ra I

Ausar atf neter en Amen ab her anOsiris, divine father of Amen, priest, president ofthe scribes1

1neter het en Amen - pa, Nesi - pa - ur - s'efof the divinehouseof the Amen temple, Nesi - pa - ur -shef,

1 Or "superintendent of the writings,"


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MUMMY COVER OF NESI-PA-UR-SHEF. II

r~\ I | T V N ^ Imaatxem em nebt i em neter-%ert pertriumphant, as a lord cometh into theunderworld. May come forth

ba- f em x e P e r u "f e m m e r " f m^ u n " nef\is in evolutionhisaccording to will his, as didhe

tep ta er maa aten em uben- fupon earth, to see the Disk (of thesun) in rising his,

Temu em betep- f ta - sen nek hetepand TemuJ in settingh isI Maygive they tothee offering of

in i A nt'efau her %aut e n Un-nefer.

tchefau foodupon thetable of Un-neferP

The five scenes to the right of this inscription are asfollows:I. Osiris seated in a shrine, wearing disk and holding

T and J \ ; awinged ufat and uraeus. Behind him stands"Nephthys the divine sister" J^X 1 Nebt-hetsent.Before him stands the deceased, "Osiris, the divine fatherof Amen, Nesi-Amen," r, A |(J'-w^lJ

AWVVAA

1 The name of the sun as closer of the day. A name of Osiris.


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12 MUMMY COVER OF NE SI-PA -UR -SHE F.Ausar neter dtf en Amen, Nesi-Amen, offering incense.Above the shrine is the inscription :

0 lA oamax Ausar neb heh X en* Am entet sebebiHomage to Osiris,lordof eternity, atthe headof Amentet, traversingf l ^ HO I Aa == - W d T )

heh em aha - f ta - f hetep t'efaumyriads of years during lifehis; maygive he offeringsof f efau foodII. T he hawk of Ho rus in a shrine, wearing the crowns

of the no rth and south


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MUMMY COVER OF NE SI-PA-U R-SH EF. 13em hetep, " Osiris, Nesi-A men, w ith an offering." Abovethe shrine runs:7 ^U 1amax Hapi neter aa ma x e t neteru ta - fHom age to Hapi, the great god, of the gods. May he give

oQ Ihetep hru neban offering day everyIV. Shrine in which stand the two children of Horus,

Hapi ^ (] [j^ and Qebhsennuf AJ | | | ^ . In front ofthese gods, near a table of offerings, is the soul of " Osiris,the divine father of Amen, Nesi-Amen," making an offeringof incense. Above the shrine is the inscription :

Qebh - sennu-f neter aaHomage to Qebhsennuf, the god great, at the head of

Amentett/ie underworld.

V. The goddess Ne phthys in a shrine kneeling. Aboveis the inscription:i oam ax Nebt - het neter sent hent per^ eru ta. - set

Hom age to Nephthys, divine sister, mistress of offerings. May she give

triumphmaatxeru


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14 MUMMY COVER OF NE SI-PA -UR -SHE F.The five scenes to the left of the inscription are as

follows:I. Osiris seated in a shrine, dressed as before described,

and standing behind him is Hf?tsS= I Anset urt hentpercent,, "Isis, the grea t lady, mistress of sepulchral meals."Before him stan ds the deceased offering to the god ând > Q . Above the shrine is the inscription :

oAusar neb heh x e n t Amentet

Hom age to Osiris, lord of eternity, at the head of the underworld,

\ fl T U T Ûn-nefer heq anxiu neter aa heq t'ettaUn-nefer, prince of the living, god great, prince of everlasting.

II. Hawk of Horus in a shrine as before ; behind himstands Nephthys. Before the god stands the deceasedbareheaded, offering , a buckle. Above th e shrine isthe inscription:

ama% Ptah Sekeri Ausar herab hat ta - f ê tHomage to Ptah- Seker -Osiris within the shrine. Maygivehe thing

^ i n iz- i ?ne b nefer ab x e t ne^ n f r bener

every good, pure, thing every good, pleasant.III . Shrine in which stand Osiris "prin ce cf A m e n ta "

(the underworld), in the form of a ram-headed god withhorns and uraeus, and v y 1 \ i\ Hern neter da , "Horusr H \ \ I V Uthe great god," under the form of a jackal-headed god.


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MUMMY COVER OF NE SI-PA -UR -SH EF. I 5Before these gods stands the deceased offering incense h .Above the shrine is the inscription :

J 1amax Mestba neter aa neb Am entet MakHomage to Misthd, god great, lord of the underworld. VerilyCi 0i er tat hetep

come to make an offering.IV . Shrine in which stand the bearded hum an-headed

child of Horus '" 0^/[ MesGd, and a jackal-headed god.Before them is the soul of the deceased, "with an incenseoffering," / nA em hetep k&. Above the shrine is theinscription:

iTuam autef neter aa se Ausar ta-senHomage to Tuamautef, godgreat,son of Os iris. Ma y grantthey

per%erusepulchral meals

V. Shrine in which kneels | ? ^ Q 1 V \ Q -Auset urtwefer ?z/ , " Isis, the grea t lady, divine motiier." Beforeher are *P5 u'tat and TI nefeni. Above the shrine is theinscription :

Auset urt mut neter arit Ra hent perxeruHomageto Isis, great lady ,mothergod,madeof Ra, {se/t"/ cfra/?La/s. }

The pillars of each shrine are formed by a # placedabove a lotus column.The feet of this cover are wanting.


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16 MUMMY COVER OF NESI-PA-UR-SHEF.

II . The Cover which was laid uponthe Mummy.(Description of the Inside.)

On the inside of this cover the following scenes arepainted inyellow uponapurple ground :I. The waterofthe sky, upon whichis aboat ^*; underthe boat at each end is a fish;one is called theabtu fish,

anc* the other the dntux fish flSSSleQa. In theboat is a ram-headed beetle, under each wing is a serpent1$$i, andbetween the hind legs is Osen, emblematicof thesun's course through the heavens. Aboveis thediskof thesun with ura^i ^jQ$.

II . Bent female figure, with han ds and feet touching theground. On theback of this figure, which representsNut,the goddess of the sky, sails a boat, on thefront ofwhichis ipsj ut'at. In the boat are a beetle, the goddess MaatW 'ds a, Ra the Sun-god,W, and agod J j who rowstheboatwith two oars ^\~^>on thebladesofwhich are painted lotusflowers, {=|g)$M and5f |5. Theheadsof theoars,and theposts upon which they rest, are hawk-headed . Behind thegod whorows theboatis nses. The bent female figure iscalled Q ^ 1 ^ a.1 ffiH1 i Nut urtmes neteru, " Nut,the mighty lady, genetrix of thegods,"2 before and behindheris awinged ut'at. Beneathheris the godfi ' - = | |

1 Theabtu and theantu fishes are referred to in the XVth chapter of theBookofthe Dead . (Naville, Band I. ,Bl. xiv. , II. 13, 14) [ ? ]

> r t < d~ , v it maa-na abtu sep%eperu tekai-a ant em xePeru 's- "May IseetheAbtu fishin theseasonof[his] coming into being , may I see the Ant fishinhisevolutions."2 B.M. coffin cover No. 15,659 gives j |fl j j'


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MUMMY COVER OF NESI-PA-UR-SHEF. 17

0 Q "Heka ta neter danebpet, Heka the greatgod, lordofheaven," having c_SSion his head. On each sideof himis abirdinadoration with human head and hands.

I I I . Lion, couchant, with bearded human head at eachend ofhis bo dy ; on each forehead is an uraeus. This lionrepresents theday, and onehead iscalled *~ jjv ' neterda nebt tuat, "Great god, lord of the dawn,"and the other

I j ft ^^^neter da nebt Ament, "Great god, lord ofthewest" {i.e.,evening). Infrontofeach is a winged uraeus. Aboveis a boatinwhich isafigure of the sun on the horizon rOjyu,t,and onthe diskisRa, the Sun-god, having disk and uraeusonhis head, and the sign for life -9-dw% in hishands. He isadored on each side by a cynocephalus ape with upliftedhands.IV. Star-spangled skyon which lies themummyof thedead man, which is here described as ,,


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THE INNER COFFIN OF NESI-PA-UR-SHEF.dntu fish. II.T he goddess Nu t with upraised arm s, from eachof which hangs ; aboveheron her right Osiris, onherleft Anubis ; she stand sonBelowis inscribed, " Osiris, lady of the house, singing womanof Am en, Ta-sau -t-necht. Says she, 'Hail motherNut,spread [thy] two wings over me,'" "^"" _ t ^ - 0 ^ ~~**n

' Ausdr nebt pa qemdt enAmen Ta-sau-t neytNutpeieset tenhher-d. III.To the leftofthisinscription isw ritten:

I I I o nI IIIIhru met'-tua senemI O ' m ir enpit emt abetftu iet hru met'-tua hruYear three, month four of sowing, day fifteen, the dayA -C2>-qeres en Ausar Ta-sau(?)t-necht emxet qemtu- sthe burial of Osiris, Ta-sau(?)t-Aecht. After was foundshe

\\au 0eticarriedaway

nai mesu %erthe children of thecemetery

fetta - u ren-u autu

nauthe

s - urtblottedo ut names their; one madegrow

u em nem.them a secondtime.I I I . The Inner CoffinofNesi-pa-ur-shef.

(Descriptionofthe Outside. Th e Cover.)The head-dress is painted blue, and over theforehead isa band painted in squares of red andgreen, with yellow


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INNER COFFIN OF NESI-PA-UR-SHEF. 19borders, to imita te the inlaying of precious stones. The faceis painted yellow, the eyebrows green, the nostrils are hollow ;the beard is wan ting. Th e arms are crossed over the breast,and the hands, one of which is wanting, originally heldmodels of the | and /jf\, which the god Osiris, in whoseform the coffin is made, is always represented as holding.A deep collar of five rows of lotus buds, flowers, etc., paintedred and green upon a yellow ground, falls over the br ea st;the part of it which lies over each shoulder is ornamentedwith a head of the hawk of Horus. Above the arms arethe figure of a ram-headed beetle wearing a disk, ^ hek," millions of years," winged ursei and ut'ats. Th e wrists andarms are ornamented with bracelets, and on each arm is ascene in which the deceased is represented lying on a bier"J^f, by which stand Isis and Nephthys weeping andlamenting for the dead. Benea th one bier are the four" Canopic jars," all human-headed (sic),in which the intestinesof the deceased are preserved ; under the other bier are twoonly, toge ther with urseus fL, dn% and \ / y Aboveeach arm is the god Osiris seated in a shrine, wearing theatef crown J* f and holding in his hands f and / \ ; beforehim is the soul of the deceased, with both hands raised inadoration.

Below the arms are two scenes:I. Ram -headed winged beetle, emblematic of R a andChepera, wearing disk with uraei nQ$. Between his hindlegs is a seated female figure, with arms raised and havingon her head Q sen, the sun's course ; by her side is her

name U^ Auset, Isis. Behind he r are a standard -fr, withhuman hand and arm, and the signs S

On the righ t hand side are " Osiris, great god, prince ofthe Am enta"(underworld), seated in a shrine, and " Isis, greatlady, divine mother, daughter of Ra, mistress of sepulchralmeals" ; between them is the soul of the deceased offeringincense ^ to Osiris. The same scene is repea ted on the left2 2


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2O INNE R COFFIN OF NE SI-PA-U R-SIIEF.hand side, but " Ne phth ys, the divine sister, dau ghte r of Ramistress of Amenta," takes the place of Isis, and the deceased,himself offers incense. Round and about the goddess arewinged utfats, Q sen, y ##%, etc .

II . The goddess Nut, with outstretched wings, holdingy dnx,"life," in each hand , winged ursei, uraei, Qsen,and ut'ats;over the right wing is inscribed Q J ? "^=f a | l a ~jNut urt mest neteru," Nu t, the grea t lady, genetrix of thegods," and over the left ^ j ^ \ ^ - * - dritRd hentperyeru tdt-s, daughter of Ra, mistress of sepulchralmeals, may she give " On the left hand side of thegoddess is a standing figure of the goddess Maat, pouringout water from a vase jy for the deceased , " the divine fatherof Am en, Nesi-pa-ur-shef, trium phant," who kneels below,and receives it in his two hands, out of which he drinks.Above the goddess are four lines of inscription, whichread :

o ftan Maa se Ra hent Amentet

"Behold Mad, daughter of Rd, Mistress of the underworld.

seep - k qebh qebh ab - k am - tReceive thou coolivater, maybe refreshed heart thy thereuntil,

o hetep - k embah nebu xer-ababe thereofferings toihee in thepresence ofthe lords ofCher-aba?

M DGseqebh ab-k x e r n e ^ ' e n n e bmaybe refreshedheart thy u nder thesycamore tree of the lady cf1 See Erugsch, Diet. Giog.,p. 625. Cher-a ba is an old name of Babylon,near On-Heliopolis on the right bank of the Nile.


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INNER COFFIN OF NESI-PA-UR -SHEF 21V_^^f t V ' / (w w w

( I I I /WWSA 1 IHeb tem ren k hru neb em pa enZte, w ay fo recited nam e thy day every in the house of

/WWV\ m RV /www S O (T ^ ff 0neb mer x e n n u ba - k tennu hruthe lord of the lake, may alight soul thy

^ ** < > ^xeft Re - stetet per ba k

opposite Re - stetet? may come forth soul thy" IIn front of her is the inscription :

< = > 0A D 0= D C i I T II I O

tat - s ta en x a t - k nifu en fent-k7e 5^ _/&^ y^/ ' ^ ^ y ^ y , air for

xet nebt[a^f] thing every.

On the right of the goddess Nut is a figure of Maatpouring out water for the deceased, who kneels at her feet.Above her are four lines of inscription, which read :i f JL ^ n S* fan Maa se Ra hent Am entet" Behold Mad, daughter of Rd, mistress of the underworld

a Dtat - s perxeru sennu ah apt x a e m

May give she sepu lchral meals, cakes, oxen, ducks, thousands of1 SeeBrugsch, Diet. Ge'og,, p. 489.2 Ibid., p. 273.3 I.e., the passage to the tomb.

a


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22 INNER COFFIN OF NESI-PA-U R-SHEF.

neter sentra x a e m qebh ^ a cm[offerings of] incense, thousands of coollibations, thousands of

men^et x a e m arp x a em %etlinenbandages,thousands of wine, thousands of thingsi1,1 0 f J aneb nefert abt x a e m Xe t ne bt nefert beneretall, beautiful,pure; thousands of things all, beautiful, pleasant

[/ W W V \ - 1u 1 Jen - ka en

to the ka of ' Nesi-pa-ur-shef."Beneath the goddess Nut are three perpendicular rows ofscenes. Those of the centre row are :I. Beetle with human arms and hands, wearing disk andurseinQs,from the necks of which hang?|; beneath areW tet," stability," and Q sen,the sun's course. On each sideis Osiris bearded wearing disk.I I . Standard with plumes {i.e.,Osiris), on each side ofwhich stands a human-headed hawk wearing5Q ; also winged

ut'at and uraeus with ?. Beneath are Isis and Ne phthys.I I I . Beetle with outstretched wings, between his fore-legsdisk of the sun, with two serpents, and Q sen, in a boat; oneach side s^s*, Q sen,and uraeus with ?-.IV. Standard rising out of Q sen, with two mendts

on one side winged uraeus with disk, utat, and Nephthyskneeling;on the other winged uraeus with disk,ut'at,and Isis.Th e division between scenes I I I . and IV . is made by a row

Here follows a list of the titles of the deceased.


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INNER COFFIN OF NESI-PA-UR-SHEF.V. Beetle, with disk of the sun between his fore-legs O

on each side is the hawk of Horus wearing the crowns Sof the north and south, and winged ut'at with urseus. 'V I. Osiris with Isis and Nephthys in the form of winged

uraei. Beneath are three mutilated lines of inscription whichread:i.

1) \ /wwwa O W> I a Ian Net urt mut neter arit Ra hent"Behold Neith,mightylady,mothergoddess,daughterof Rd,mistress ofT

perxeru tat - s unen Ausar atfnetera ensepulchralmeals. May grant sheto riseupO siris, divine father of/W M *)s?*>^ r-n- i . II n 2.

Amen Nesi- pa - ur -shef maatxe ru. anAmen, Nesi-pa - ur-shef, triumphant Behold

oSerqet urt se Ra anx her abSerqe t, mighty lady, daughterof Rd, living withinta t - s aq Ausar atef netera en Amen Nesi- pa -Gives she to enter Osiris, divine father of Amen, Nesi-pa-

ur-shef maatxeru an Ausar atef neteraur -shef, triumphan t I Behold Osiris, divine father," etc.1 He re follows a complete list of the titles of the deceased as given onpage 9. The speech, etc.,whichis put intohismou th runs round the edge ofthe foot of the coffin ; it is much mutilated, andonly enoughof it remains toshow thatheprayed for sepulchral offerings.


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life." rl

24 INNER COFFIN OF NESI-PA-UR-SHEF.The set ofsceneson the right hand side of thecoveris

as follows:I. Osiris and Isis in a shrine. Inscriptions A XZ^0 | ^ aIc$ 111I T ^usdr ne& heh Un-nefer neter da heq

" Osiris, lord of eternity, Un-nefer,god great, princeofa ^ \ *- ^ Auseturt hent Amentet

- jhetep,"Isis, grea t lady, mistressofthe underworld. Mayshe give an offering." Before the shrine stands S ^ ftMaat hent Amentet, "Maat themistressof Amenta," givingthe deceasedhisheart, .

II . The god Ptah-Seker-Ausar, wearing atef crown,J* f and "Nephthys, divine sister, daug hter of Ra,

mistress of sepulchral meals, may she give an offering,"f j o = j | < = > G j D m ^ ^ Neb mteri r J o lik i A Q

dJ 1 v" Ptah-Seker Ausar, great god," in the form of a hawk,1 I) W . 0 - Maai hent Amentet tatfyetep," Maat, mistressof

the underworld,may shegivean offering."


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INN ER COFFIN OF NESI-PA -UR-SHE F. 25wearing the atef crown with plumes, disk, and urffii,Mi,and Isis in a shrine . In front of the shrine is thedeceased adoring Maat and presenting offerings.

I I I . Horned ram wearing disk, plumes, and uraei,Ii 1 I J\ neter a &nXmadf, "the great god, living by law,"and N eph thys in a shrine. In front of the shrine is thedeceased offering fruit, flowers, cakes, and jars of wineto Maat

IV . Standard , with disk and plumes, emblem of " Osiris,lord of eternity," Isis, and three (sic) children of H orus,stan ding on a lotus flower, in a shrine. In front of theshrine is the goddess Maat, pouring out water jy upon ahand of the deceased. On the projecting foot of the coffincover are two scenes in which Isis and Nephthys arerepresented kneeling by the side of a table of offeringsbefore the god Osiris, "lord of Abydos, prince of Amenta"(underworld), who wears the atef crown. The five lines ofinscription above Isis read :["Behold Isis the divine sister,"]

IIIsentisays she, Weep for thee the two sisters mightyonesI Is

O AAA/WNt'et set ren - nek senti ur au

O


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26 INNER COFFIN OF NESI-PA-UR-SHEF.

mer-k bener en x a t -& t e r e m\y is pleasant to body my, O hailed as prince

I a \\ < > ^ I 1 1 /Tau ab Merti her auof joy oftheheart, Merti, president of Is

sef-k em taiu nebu em heq taiuterror(awe)thy in lands all as prince oftheworld

Tau - a em ha - k em sent %ut - k/ a m behind thee as asisterprotecting thee"The seven mutilated lines above Nephthys read:

X\ ^ L i ^ X ^--Tt /F ian Neb t-het neter sent t'et-set ren - nek - a

"Behold Neph thys, divine sister, says she, Weep for theeI,

en neb ab - a x e r ment nuk set-kfor thelord of heart my, w ith anguish. lam daughterthy


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INNER COFFIN OF NESI-PA-UR-SHEF. 2^

ab - aheart my.renem - nek pet her amtWeeps for thee heaven , streaming with tears

setisit ,akeb - neklamentforthee

*xabesu am set t'ettathe stars in it for ever" I

The remaining space is rilled with two scenes in whichthe soul of the deceased is represented adoring Anubis.Above the two outside sets of scenes are ten lines ofinscription which read :Leftside: i. 2

mn n W I

Leftside, i. Met amyi%er Ausdr neb Amentet. 2. Metdmyi xer Ptah-Sekeri. 3. Metdmyi yer ba da any N ut. . . . .4. Met dmyi yer Tuamautef madtyeru. 5. Met dmyi yetAuset ur mut neter tats hetep t'efau yet nebt. Right side.I. Met dmyi yer Ausdr neb Abtu. 2. Met d-myi yer Ptah-Sekeri. 3. Amyi yer ba da any em 4. Met dmyiye>Ausdr neb Ta-sert. 5- Met dmyi yer Mesthd neter da nebAmentet yenti Re-stetet madtyeru.


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2 8 INNER COFFIN OF NESI-PA-UR-SHEF.No regular order appears to have been followed by the

artist in painting the outside of this cover. We shouldexpect pictures of the four children of Horus, and of Anubisand Apuat; neither of these two last gods is mentioned, norHapi.

Around the edge of the cover are two horizontal lines ofinscription which read :^ i v v j a s s in

SebSeb, erpat neteruthe erpdofthegods. x u englorifyingan"Behold


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INNER COFFIN OF NESI-PA-UR-SHEF.

v: f in MInefer bener enti an ^ neteru am - sen an Ausarbeautiful, pleasant which live the gods on them, to Osiris,1 \ \ r\ ^atf netera her sesetet en Amen Nesi - pa -

divine father, president of themysteries of Amen, JVesi - pa -

^ 32.g _ ^ur - sef maatxeru t'ettaur - sef triumphan t for ever m r ?Met an Nut ur mes neteru *. arit RaBehold Nut, mighty lady, genetrix of the gods, daughter of R a,

heq taiu Hem pui mes en Auset auuaprince oftheworld,and Horus this born of Isis, heir

en Unnefer ta - sen per ba - aperfect of Unnefer, may grant they to come out soul my,V$&jmM$A


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arms and hands, seated on f*^\, winged ut'ats and uraei,double standardft ft, and the four children of Horus,viz.,L n MesOd,"great god, lordof the underworld," human-hTded ; A[)(| Hdpif ape-headed; J ^ ^ o "=]J^3^ . Tnamdutef ncter danebtuat, Tuamautef, great god,lordof theunderworld," jackal-he aded ; andA \ \$ \ I[**=]Qebhsennnf, Qebhsennuf, hawk-headed.

The inside of this cover is neither ornamented nor in-scribed.IV . TheInner Coffin ofNesi-pa-ur-shef.

(Description of the Inside.)Onthebottomof the coffin, inside,areinscribed:I. Disk of the sun with uraei, -^ pO si beetle,and two

serpents in a boat sailing acrossthe sky.I I . The" ladyof theunderworld" {tuat),winged, wearing^ uponherhead. Aboveher are two winged ursei,and oneach sideof her head is the deceased with both hands raisedin adoration of thegoddess. The inscription reads:^% - i i _ _c aSimV H Swwi T nil \\

_ Set ye ft nebs tas hetep Ausdr dtefneterd en Amen-Ra, suten neteru Nesi-pa-ursef, "Set(Amenta) opposite her lord. May shegrant anoffering toOsiris, the divine father of Amen-Ra, king of the gods,Nesi-pa-ur-shef."Behind each figure of the deceasedis the goddess Maat,andtheinscription, "Maat, mistressof theunderworld,mayshe give an offering" 1 On each side of the " lady of theunderworld"isa standard with diskandplumes: thaton theright hand isdescribed as "Osiris, lordofeternity, princeof

^7 5 Q O A n =2=1_ c-ft H Maat henut Anientet tat-s hetet.


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INNER COFFIN OF NESI-PA-UR-SHEF. 31everlasting,"l and that on the left, " Osiris, lord of eternity,prince of everlasting, traversing millions of years during theperiod of his life."2 Before the standard on the right hand is athe table of offerings, by the side of which stands " Nephthys,divine sister, daughter of Ra, mistress of the beautiful house(i.e.,the tomb), giving an offering of all fair and pure things";3and before the standard on the left hand is also a table ofofferings, by the side of which stands " Isis,the great lady,divine mother, mistress of the beautiful house, giving anoffering."4 Beneath this, on each side, is the soul of Osiris(the deceased) in the form of a human-headed, bearded bird,with a hand raised in adoration of the goddess ; by its side isa winged ut'at with an uraeus. The emblem of the east,-%Abtu, is on the right hand, and that of the west, ftAmenta, onthe left hand. Beneath the right wing of the goddess of theunderworld a r e : 1 , Bearded, green-faced, human-headedgod called NQ L n\ | A aj N> Atmu neb Annu neter da Shu; 3, god with on his head, called ^ ^se Rd, "the child of R a" ; 4, urasus P . , with ft on his head;and 5, soul of the deceased by the side of a table of offeringsmaking an offering of incense f. Beneath the left wing of thegoddessa r e : 1 , hawk-headed god v n 11 Jj =74$ ^ 7Heru se Auset neter da neb Madt, " Horus, son of Isis, great

,;, KZ? $ O $ I A c\ Ansar nebTj,ch h,eq t'etta.

Ausar nebhehheqI'etta sebebi hefyemdlid-f.3 ^ 1 n- ^ s 0

f ImetanNebthetnetersent drit liafyeniit panefcr tdt-s hetep xetneb neferab .4 rj O "fe=f o A \ "= I< 2 =" TA M Auseturt mut neterdrit \Ro\fyentpanefer td-s lietep-


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32 INNER COFFIN OF NESI-PA-UR-SHEF.god, lord of la w "; 2, god with f on his he ad ; 3,urasus j/ ,with & o n his head ; and 4, soul of the deceased offeringincense ^f.

III. Boat of the sun, accompanied by the dbtu and dntufishes, on the prow a bird ^ . In the boat are the goddessMaat, a goddess wearing disk and horns \X, Shu the greatgod,1the cynocephalus ap e of Th oth, wearingv2^5 emblematicof disk and crescent moon ; Ra, seated, holding flail fl\ andy in his hands ; " Isis, divine sister, mistress of the under-world,"2 and a god who rows the boat along with hawk-headed oars. Above the boat, on the right hand and on theleft, is a winged ura;us, and ^ g Q Q. Th e boat is supportedby the hand s of two ram-headed gods. Th e inscriptionrelating to him on the right hand reads :

adneter pen her aat neter aaGod this (is) chief of the sarcoph agus, god great ;

and that to the god on the left hand : D < ^ ? = = f * Q 1 ft Jl v & '

neter pen ur em tuat neter aa neb AmentetGodthis(is) great intheunderworld,godgreat,lord of the underworld.Beneath the boat are a beetle-headed god and disk adored

by the soul of the deceased,3 and the hawk of Horus ; aboveare winged ut'ats. Th e beetle-headed god stands upon acircle in which the double disk of the sun (jj is being adoredby a number of apes, and is enveloped in rays of light whichare poured forth from vessels held in the hands of " Nut, the

neier

Anset neter sent henut Amentet.3 7^*" A 10 1 1 II Ansar neteralfNesi-Amen


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INNER COFFIN OF NESI-PA-UR-SHEF. 33great lady, genetrix of the gods,"1and "[Isis],mighty goddessin the underworld, mistress of Amenta."2 Below is repeated^ ^Z? ITT ut'at neb neferu, " ut'at, lord of beauties," and alion-headed goddess stands on each side of the circle.

IV. "Shu )& , great god, lord of the underworld."8 Onthe right hand are Neph thys and a ram-headed god holding [)>and on the left are Isis and a ram-headed god holding (.

On the sides, at the head of the coffin, are painted :The soul of the deceased in the form of a human-headedhawk, accompanied by Isis and Neph thys in the form ofwinged ursei wearing disks, and the four canopic jars whichcontain the intestines from the body of the deceased. Un dereach wing is Anubis, jackal-headed, wearing the crowns ofthe north and the south tj[, with jff\, and before him is

the sceptre y. with double mendt(w(w offerings, and wingedut'at. Th e inscription above him reads, " May Anubis, greatgod, mighty one in the underworld, chief in Neter-^ert (theunderworld), and in the coffin, pres ident of A menta , giveall things good and pure, all thing s good and p leasantand an offering oft'efafood."4 On the right hand is Anubisseated, ym . and on the left is the god Chepera,6 the greatgod, the " self-produced," beetle-headed.

aC J i|] ] I Nut urt mest neteru.

" A^^


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34 INNER COFFIN OF NES1-PA-UR-SHEF.Onthe right hand sideofthecoffin arepainted :I. The godPtah-Seker-Ausar, hawk-headed, holdingabovehimisinscribed," Ptah-Seker-Ausar within thehiddenchamber " j 1 "Thoth , lord of divine words, great god, lordofthe underworld,"2 ibis-headed, wearing crown JjA, andstandingby thesideof atableofofferings ;and "Nephthys,divine sister, daughter of Ra,mistress of theunderworld,"

holding inherright hand. The se three divine beingsareasked to"grant offerings of flowersandfruit and t'eja food,and allpleasant things "tothedeceased.3

II . I, Horned lion-headedgod IT


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INNE R COFFIN OF NES I-PA-UR-SH EF. 35of food to the deceased.1 Each god holds the crook f and^ a ^ / / \> a nd has an altar w ith lotus flowers and "*Q beforehim.

V. " Horus, the avenger of his father,"2 wearing crowns ofthe north and south, holding ^ in his ha n ds ; " Nu t, greatlady, genetrix of the gods,"3 in the form of a woman-headedbuckle; Osiris ram-headed ; and " Isis, divine sister, mistressof the [beautiful] house."4V I. Standard, with disk and plumes, emblem of Osirisand kneeling figure of Nephthys before a table of offerings.Above are six lines of inscription which read:

1 r oI Van Neb-het neter sent arit Ra hent pa'BeholdNephthys, divinesister, daughterof Rd,mistressofthe house1 \ \ 1nefer t'et - set, ren - nek senti ur aubeautiful, says she, Weep for thee the twosisters mighty, is

%nem k au ab ren - nek mesu enunited with thee joy of heart. Weep for thee thechildren of

Bennu Xeper (eseftd-f xet neb nefer ab Hdpi neter aa neb Amentet td-f fyetep fefau Qebfsenu td-fta drp.

3 2


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INNER COFFIN OF NESI-PA-UR-SHEF.

1pa - khouse thy t 'amand the young men enof nut - k Ua sttown thy Thebes.v\AA/WWwaaui - a her nini en hra - k nefer

Two hands my are paying homa ge to face thy beautiful.

Wm er - k ben er en x a t - a t e r e m beqLove thy (is) pleasant to body my, O hailed as prince

au ab m erti he r . . . .of joy of heart, Merti, president of the auIs

emin

taiulands


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INNER COFFIN OF NESI-PA-UR-SHEF. 37divine mother, daughter of Ra, mistress of the beautifulhouse, grant all good and pure things, and oil and bandagesfor Osiris in the coffin, the great god ; may Anubis, thegreat god, mighty one in the underworld, chief in Neter-êrtand in the coffin, at the head of Amenta, grant linenbandages for Osiris Nesi-pa-ur-shef1 triumphant"

i 1 n 111 Q f)

X Q Amen-ha, surroundedby rays of light; 2, horned goat-headed god I rvSerqet,3, bearded god ~. wearing disk; 4, god ft \\Rekk,with head of flame; 5, the god CheperdO < = > tj beetle-headed ; 6, hawk-headed god ô J "*~^/ft Uben; J, horned,man-headed god \MKeti; and 8, cat-headed god V 0 WMet.I I I . Disk of the sun on the horizon rOj, and in it deceasedadoring a horned hawk wearing a disk, above which is writtenô V ^ ^ww Ba en Ra, " the soul of Ra." Behind are awinged serpent, ut'ats, \\ and Q.

IV. The three gods Nefer-Atmu, Mesâ and Tuamautef,and inscriptions entreating them to give offerings of food to

I I ^JO^>- f Z n *?r^ y |X 1ww\ 1 3 x~ Ausdr neb hehhcqtfetta sebebiV\j\ C~ I 1 f/\rS ~^ -** * ' * *

Tyely em dhd-f td-f hetep t'efa Auset urt mut netert drit Rd hent pa nefer tdt-sxet neb nefer dbtmat menxet Ausdr \er db hatAnfu neter da ur em iuat hetepem neter xa't 'im u* Xen*i en Amentet td-f menxet en Ausdr Nesi-pa-ur-iefmadtxeru.


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38 INN ER COFFIN OF NESI-PA-U R-SHEF .

the deceased.1 Each god holds the crook | and whipand has an altar with lotus flowers and "*O before him.V. A tet H, crowned with $j{& on each side of which

is a table of offerings, Isis and Nephth ys holding "" in eachhand, and " Thoth, lord of divine words, scribe of the gods," 2ibis-headed, wearing the atef crown

VI. Standard, with disk and plumes, emblem of Osiris,and kneeling figure of Isis before a table of offerings. Aboveare five lines of inscription which read:0 ^71 dan Auset urt mut neter arit Ra hent

"BeholdIsis, mighty lady, divinemother, daughterof Ra, mistress

Am entet t'et - set renem - a nek ab - a x e roftheunderworld, says she, Weep I for thee, heart my hath

Iment nuk set - k mert - k rer - a pa - kpain. I am daughter thy, darling thy. Go round I house thy,

_ 0 *^ = i i i ^ - ^Nefer Temti %utaiu Heru fyekennunebka td-fperxetu ta art ah ,apt xet nebnefer ab % el ne^> nefert beneret MesB a neter da neb Amentet ta-f hetep t'efTuamautef td-ftetc. 1:


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INNER COFFIN OF NESI-PA-UR-SHEF. 39\\J) f) 0/1 ^ " T

aaui - a her tep-a ma arit- na en Un-nefertwo handsmy[are] on head my as didI for Unnefer.

t'et - a nek enti em ab-a nuk senti urSayI tothee what [is]in heart my, 1, thesister mighty.

T T T T T 1renem - nek pet her set akeb - nekWeeps for theeheaven, streaming with tears[is]it; lament fortheeI I Ixabesu am set t'et - sen k pa neb en Qamtthe stars in it, an dsaythey to thee, O lord of Egypt,

pa heq merti ter - tu suten neteru ren - kO prince beloved, adoredartthou as king of gods, namethy

seqa ur Heru pui %aa e m be'texalts greatly Horus this, diademed with the white crown.

se- k xe r e m maatxeruSonthy speaketh with triumph 1At the foot are painted a tet H, emblem ofOsiris,wearing

plumes, disk and horns _j||fe, Isis and Nephthys each in theform of a buckle , a man-headed, and a rat (?)-headed god.The inscriptions entreat these gods to give gifts of t'efa foodto the deceased.


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40 INNE R COFFIN OF NESI-PA-UR-SHEF.

V. The Inner CoffinofNesi-pa-nr-shef.(Description of the Outside.)

The outside of the coffin is inscribed and ornamentedas follows. The top edge is ornamented with a row of ura^i$i$i$iSi> beneath which are two lines of inscription which,beginning over the head and continuing along each side,read:

VAusar atef netera en Am en-Ra suten neteru her

"Os iris, father divine of Amen-Ra, king ofthe gods, president

an neterhet en Amen- pa Nesi- pa - ur -

ofthe scribesofthedivinehouseoftheAmen temple, Nesi-pa - ur -

sef maatxeru t'et - f ane t' hra-k Ausar x e n t ishef, triumphantt Says he, Ha il tothee,Osiris, atthe head

) -Tflf> }JLHAmentet Un-nefer heq an%iu suten heh neb

ofAmentet, Unnefer, prince oftheliving, king of eternity, lordofJJJ\ Kin z = = 1 0 i *"t'etta sebebi heh em aha - f

everlasting, traversing millions ofyears duiing lifehis,

il ? ?xaa. - f Auset her unam - f Neb - het herdiademedis he with /sis onright hand his and Nephthvs on


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INNER COFFIN OF NESI-PA-UR-SHEF. 41

abt - f se Ra em sa tep - f herleft hand his, andtheson of Ra asa protector of headhis, to

nini en hra-f nefer Anpu x e n t i s ab_/ /4/jbeautiful; [hail] Anubis, atthe headofthehall

neter het neteru nebu Ta-sert ta - senofthedivinehouse ; [hail] gods all of Tasert; maygrantthey

-SB.lv f l | iper^e ru ah apt menxet neter sentra merhsepulchralmeals,oxen,ducks, linen bandages, incense, wax,l a 1 o 1 1 0 \ J> 1qebh arp art x e t n e b nefert abtet x e tlibations, wine, milk, things all beautiful, pure, things

f 1?I W0 /D

/WW\A

neb nefer bener em tat en pet qemaall beautiful, pleasant, of thegiving of heaven , of the productionn pJJ Aen ta an en Hap i em teph - f

of earth, ofthebringing of Nile from cavern his,vis i \~- UP v t nen Ausar ua aten en t'eba maat en Uast abto Osiris, only one, vicar of the seal(?) of law of Thebes, priest,

her abt em Apt her anpresident ofthefine artchamber in the Apts,presidentofthe scribes


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42 INN ER COFFIN OF NESI-PA-UR-SHEF.q n y n t ^ i h o n o =1 ^

I LiC T : s( H -wvwsI Til l I w Ineter het en Amen-Ra suten neteru Nesi - pa - ur -of the divinehouse of Amen-Ra, king ofthegods, Nesi - pa - ur-i " i-T- n H

sef maatxerushef, triumphant"/

vet is iAusar atef netera en Amen-Ra, suten neteru her" Osiris, father divine of Amen-Ra, king ofthegods, presidentan neterhet en Amen - pa Nesi- pa -

of thescribesof the divinehouse of the Amen temple, Nesi -pa -

ur - sef maatxeru t'et - f ane t' hra-ten naiuur -shef, triumphan t/ Says he, Hail toyou, O ye

nebu Amentet paut neteru aat amilordsof theunderworld, and [you]cycle of gods great in

i cs \\ onNeter-xert hetepi enti em tuattheunderworld, and yeresting ones who are in the undenvorld,A/VWVA I

I o \\st'eri neteri baiu anxiu enti enye w ho arereposing, yemighty souls, yelivingoneswho are in

f p r; = :Ant sahi enti em aat neteru nebuthegrave, yemummies who are in the tomb,[hail] gods allof


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INNER COFFIN OF NESI-PA-UR-SHEF. 43a n p j

111 1 w 111 j j / l & H wTa-sert mai - ten ari - ten en A usar atef netera enTasert, comeye , protect ye Osiris, father divine ofwAm en-Ra suten neteru Nesi - pa - ur - sef maatxeruAmen-Rd, king ofthegods, Nesi - pa - ur - shef triumphan t

AAAAftA TD I I I o D h ^ ^ Q1 SzJ A Q I I I I \ \tau-ten hetep - f ma hetep tau-ten neteriGrant ye that may resthe as thosewho rest. Grant ye might

1 1 1ba - f ma neteriu %u - f user - fto soul his like the migh ty ones. Ma ybe mighty he, maybe powerfulhexer paut neteru aat nebu het per

before thecycleofthe godsgreat, lords of the temple. May come forthg A .


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44 INNER COFFIN OF NESI-PA-UR-SIIEF.

en Ausar ab her abt neterhet enOsiris, priest, presidentofthefineartchamber, divinehouseof the

Amen-pa atef netera abAmen temple, father divine, priesten Amen Nesi -pa - ur- sefof Amen, Nesi-pa - ur - s/ief."

On the rounded end of the coffin is painted a figureof Nut, " the genetrix of the gods," accompanied by Isisand Nephthys in the form of winged serpents. The lineof inscription on the right hand entreats Nephthys to grantto the deceased sepulchral offerings of the best, and in thaton the left Isis is entreated to do the same. Beneath Nutare the four children of Horus, Mes0a, Hapi, Tuamautef, andQebhsennuf, and two figures of VHr- V"^~ Nefer Atmu

t taut," Nefer Atmu, the strengthener of the two lands."On the the right hand side, beginning from the foot, arethe following scenes :I. The goddess Nut standing in a Persea tree, before the

tomb of the deceased Nesi-pa-ur-shef, pouring out waterfrom a vase vOfor his soul, which stands below drinking from

I Aits hands ; behind kneels the deceased offering incense ^to the goddess. The inscription which relates to this scenereads:

n o A o/ w w w V AOan N'Behold1:Nut urt mest neteruNu^ mighty lady, genetrix ofthe gods [saysshe\

V n ^ sesep hetepu qebh qebh ab-kReceive [thou] offeritigs andcoolwater, maybe refreshedheart thyIT 111a m t ^ n ^ inh e t e p u - k e m b a h

mne bu xer "S-ba

with them. Maybe offerings thyinthe presenceofthe lordsofCher-aba.


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.raseqebh ab - k xe r neha en nebtMaybe refreshedheart thy under thesycamore of the ladyofIHebt temtu rtn - k hru neb em pa en nebHebt, maybe recited namethy day every in thehouse of the Lord

? 4 - Thru xeftday oppositeV

m erD


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46 INNER COFFIN OF NESI-PA-UR-SH EF.

*^ isxenti tuat urt am erma maxaitatthe headoftheunderworld, mighty one, guardian near thebalancehru sap hat tat-s peri - aontheday oftesting hearts. May grantshe that may come forth I

I=G> f== U Iem maatxeru embah uru em Neter-xertwith triumph inthe presence of the mightyones in the underworld,A - - s ^ I iiuiiiii i -o^

1 Ian senatu her sebau tuatnot may be turned backI atthe gates oftheunderworld."III. Double shrine in which are seated the four childrenof Horus before tables of offerings ; each god holds \, and athis head is a winged ut'at. The two lines of inscription read," O M es#a, great god, lord of Ame nta, verily come, g rantsepulchral meals of cakes, oxen, ducks, incense, libations, allthings good and pure, all things good and pleasant, and anoffering oft'efa food."1IV. Scene in Amenta. Ra, holding / \ , [ and j en-

throned in a shrine in a boat, being rowed across thesky over the folds of the serpent of darkness, Apepi, whichHorus, " the avenger of his father, great god, lord ofAmenta,"2ispiercing with a spear. Over the back of the boat

Hi I A III J j l l l , , ^i=, Oof JJ\ A D 0

I I I


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INNER COFFIN OF NESI-PA-UR-SHEF. 47are seated, 1, the cynocephalus ape of Thoth J Q, wearingdisk and crescent, 2, the god Shu yp ^ j \\, and 3, the god r-^1Over the shrine is the winged disk ^ H E P . The deceasedstands adoring, and the inscription reads:

Ausar t'et- f anet' hra - k neb neteru Amen-RaOsiris, .. . says he, Hail tothee, lord of the gods, Ame n-Ra,

Heru-xuti uben - k sep sen pest - k sep senHarm achis. Risest thou, risest thou, shinest thou, shinesi thou,

rr %J&, =^> D\ \ A ^ ^ ^XU - k nu t - k nai uaa - k ta - kmakest splendid thou heaven thy, cometh boat thy, givest thou

I Ihra.- k her Am entet nefert se tem - k aaiuface thy overtheunderworld beautiful. Hearest thou theacclamations

j f t ' < = > =*"M^=^ U\\\

n e e e . ^ '


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48 INNER COFFIN OF NESI-PA-UR-SHEF.ra

/WSAAA ITem hennu sep sen ami uaa - f ab-f net'emiare rejoicing, rejoicing in boat his. Hear t his rejoicethneb pet xn e m " n e f r es ur emthe lord of heaven . He joineth to himself joy, the mightyone in

tuat em aheh neter neb netert nebt arithe underworld is in rejoicing. God every, goddess every, makeT1A H 1 ^ w - ^ n m l y . . nilcaaiu. en Amen-Ra Heru-xuti maa - ten su x^-uacclamations to Amen-Rd H armachis [when] seeye him diademed

em uaa - f sexer - nef Apep xer en Rain boathis. Overthrown has he Apepi, enemy of Ra,

xer en ser Nubfli emhas overthrown the flame inXunnut-f Nek an re - f ut'ahourhis, of Nek (thedevil), turnedbackis mouth his, traverseth

I I .M> \\Am entet Re-stetet Am en-Ra He ru-xu ti emthe underworld and Re-stau, Amen-Rd Harmachis in

anxu t ' a s enb er t'etta sep sen ta - k pest ' - klife, strength, a ndhealthfor everandforever. Grant thou light thy


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I /vww* (Il\ I Iem re en asi urh - k xa t a e min thegate of the tomb, anoint ihou bodymy with

annu - k Ausarcolour(?) thy, Osiris,Nesi-pa-ur-shef, triumphant IV. The goddess Nut separated from the embrace ofthe god Seb by" Shu, son of Ra, the great god,lord ofMa[nu],"2 who stands beneath herwith upraised handsandarms. The god Seblies prostrateat hisfeet. On therighthand sideof Shuare:1,"the living soulof Osiris/ '3in theform of a man-headed hawk;. 2, " the great god ofAm enta," ram-headed; and 3,Isis in the form of a wingedserpent. On the left hand are also, 1, the "living soul ofOsiris " ; 2, the "great god of Amenta," ram-headed ; and3,N ephthysin theformof awinged serpent. Theinscriptionreferring to the ram-headed god on the right reads:

] ^5t=*' Q neter pen ur em pet, "this god (is)great in heave n"; that to the god on the left, ] ;sfe=t1 f* neter pen ur em tuat, "this god is great inin the tuat" (underworld). On each sideof the bent formof thegoddess are, 1,a ram& j /vww*p ^da enpet,"thesoul of heaven"; and 2, the deceased kneeling, with handsuplifted in adoration. To the right of this scene are twolinesofinscription which read :inan Seb erpa neteru xu se - f HemBehold Seb, princeofthe gods glorifying son his Horus,

1 I have omitted the titles.

B.C.


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SO I N N E R C O F F I N O F N E S I - P A - U R - S H E F .

pui mes en Auset uaua menxi en Unneferthis, born of /sis, heir perfect of Unnefer." 0 ' a **-"=*. . , A.._ g 6S.SLI I I Q I I I a I E T 111 Q ISTta - sen tat en x a t - a nefu en fent-amy, air for nostril viy,

neter sentra er sen - aincense for body my

V I. T hoth, ibis-headed, " lord of divine words, veritablescribe of the cycle of the gods," standing in a shrine, by theside of a table of offerings, holding jf in his hands . Tothe right are two lines of inscription which read :

an Tehuti neb neter t'et an maat enBehold Tholh, lord of divine words, sc iibe veritaile of

2 T, rf Tpaut neteru aa anx Ra niertu set

thecycle of the gods great, lives Rd, dies ihe tortoise,

ut'a enti err. aat Au saris strong he that is in thecoffin, Osiris, Nesi-pa-ur-shef, triumphant.

VII. Deceased offering incense, and pouring out libationsbefore the god Osiris, seated in a shrine ; behind the godstands Isis.

' Coffin has o W


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INNER COFFIN OF NESI-PA-UR-SHEF, 5rOn the left hand side, beginning at the head, are the

following scenes:I. Deceased offering incense and libation by the side of atab le of offerings. Tho th, " lord of law," ibis-headed, and Isiswith outstretched wings, stand ing one on each side of a

standard "4pK> with disk and plumes, emblem of "Osiris,lordof eternity."

II. Thoth, ibis-headed, wearing Jjjn&, and holding ft bythe side of a tab le of offerings. To the left two lines ofinscription, duplicate of that on the right side, scene VI.

III . Osiris seated. To the right of him Isis, Nephthys,Shu and Heka$/ - j Jn; the first three of these gods have in the right hand, the fourth has a staff in the form of aserpent. To the left of Osiris are Th oth and Horus.Beneath these gods is a serpent, pa rt of the body of whichis erect on the left hand side. Beneath the serpent is athrone with steps on each side [ J / \ i ; one side is ornamentedwith the sun's disk shedding rays of light \, v \ , "T> ando . 111 _Q*tf 1(/.. On it is also inscribed CTZDT pa nefer, " th e beautifulhouse." To the right of the thron e is a crocodile-headedquadruped with horns , called K3? ww* \L neb tvatRenenet, "Renenet, lady of the underworld"; to the left is asimilar animal called ^ r ^ * lYm "k (JO neb tuat Skanai," Shanai, lord of the underworld." Fu rther to the left is aserpent-headed god holding a knife in each hand, and aboveis inscribed | ( ^

The inscription of the two lines reads :

It ? S 55*=anet' hra-k Aupar ka em Am entet Un-nefer seHail to thee, Ours , bud oj the underworld, Unne fer, son of4 2


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52 INNER COFFIN OF NESI-PA-UR-SHEF.O _ _ >=> /VWSAA

Nut, aa nerau x e n t i t a enenetNut, mightyone ofterrors at theheadof the land ofrest(f),T \ \ U \/ toe ( < H I > NWW\ ^> |ua neteri her ab er ta ur tuat - tu

only one, mighty one, withinIV. The scene of the weighing of the heart


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INNER COFFIN OF NESI-PA-UR-SHEF. S3

71 ^ G ? < = u

1I => ^neteru x e r tef Ausar neb heh makiof thegods, before father Osiris, lord of eternity [says he]," Verilyii *> 11

Ausar atef netera en Amen Nesi - pa - ur - sef maatxeruOsiris, father divine of Amen, Nesi -pa - ur - shef triumphant

em usext Maat er hena - k er saptin the hall of doub le law is with thee for the trying of

ab - f er ma%a emb ah t'at'a nu t aatheart his in the balance before the divine chiefs mighty,

nebu tuat su qem maati anthe lords of the underworld. He is found right and true, not0 ^ CK


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iq j|[rer pet xa t- f e r tu a t m a ^esiisin heaven, b.dy his is in the underworld, like the followers ofHeru amma xa t- ' ta*a Anpu ami

Horus. Grant that bodyh is may place Anubis inthe inner most part of rj , /vvwvs

en pa nefer amma-nef hetep em Re-statetthe beautifulhouse, may begiven to him offerings in Re- stau,

embah Unnefer t'ettain thepresenceof Unnefer, forever"The inscription relating to Osiris reads:i 33 hiti si in in

an Ausar neb heh heq t'etta sebebiBehold Osiris, lordof eternity, princeof everlasting, traversing

III 1 I G A_fl J\ ^Theh em aha - f tat - f per-amyriads of yearsinperiod oflifehis,'' May granthethatmaycome orth I

em maatxeru em usext maatwith triumph in the hall ofdouble law."The two lines of inscription to the left of the shrine state

that Isis and Nephthys will give the usual sepulchral gifts tothe deceased.V. Shrine in which stand Anubis (?) jackal-headed, Osirisram-headed, and Isis lion-headed.


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OUTER COFFIN OF NESI-PA-UR-SHEF. 55VI. The entrance to the tomb of the deceased in the

Theban mountain, above which the soul of the deceased isseated. From themountain comes forth thegoddess Ha thorin the form of a cow,wearing disk and plumes, and aHathor-headed dn%round theneck. The inscription reads*.=_** ye/i neb-set,"oppositeherlord." Beneathis" Anubis, great god, lord ofAm enta," jackal-headed, wearing$f. The sceneisfilledup bywinged serpents, spjsand Q.Onthefoot of the coffin are painted the goddess Nephthyswith upraised arms, from which hang ;thefour childrenof Horus, Mes#a, Hapi, Tuamautef, and Qebhsennuf; thegoddess Ajnentet, and a serpent-headed deity. Theinscrip-tions at the extreme end of each side state tha t Isis andNephthys wiUgrant to the deceased the usual sepulchralofferings. Length,6ft 1Jin .; widthatshoulders,ift. o,in.; atfoot,ift. i^in.

V I. OuterCoffin ofNesi-pa-ur-shef.(Description ofthe Ou tside.) '

This coffin, like that which was placed inside it, is madein the shape of a m u m m y ; thehead-dressispainted green,the face yellow,the hands are crossed over thebreast,andthe inscriptions and scenes upon it arepainted in lightanddark green, yellow, andreduponawhite ground. Thebeardis wanting,asalsoare the objects which were originally heldinthehands. The cover was fixedto thecoffin bymeansofeight dowels into which pegs of wood were driven. Thescenes upon it arepainted on a larger scale, and with theinscriptionsaresubstantiallythe same as those foundon theinner coffin. Thenecklace is of the same pattern,thearmsand wrists are ornamented in the sameway; thearrange-ment of the scenes is the same, but many details are hereomitted. Beneath the figureof Nut with outstretched wingsare three lines of inscription, but large parts of them areeffaced. The two sceneson the projecting footof thecover

1 N.B. Theinsideof the coveris neither paintednorinscribed.


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56 OUTER COFFIN OF NESI-PA -UR-SHE F.lack the inscriptions which accompany the same scenes onthe cover of the inner coffin. The inscriptions on the othe rparts of the cover, which are identical with those on theinner coffin, are not repeated here.Around the outside edge of the coffin are two lines ofinscription which contain the same text as those on the edgeof the inner coffin. The scenes pain ted on the outside ,beginning at the foot on the right hand side, are as follows:

I. The tomb of the deceased in the Theban mountainsand tets ^ ^ ; on the top is written J^j Ansdr, "Osiris,"Hath or in form of a cow, winged serpent (Isis), Anub is, thegoddess M aat, and standard $ ; before these stands th edeceased offering a vessel "*Q and }, incense.

II . Deceased in a shrine standing by the side of a tableof offerings, making an offering of 0 0 0 t o Mesfla, Hapi,Tuamautef, and Qebhsennuf, the four children of Horus.I I I . The goddess Nut raised from the embrace of Seb by

Shu ; on each side is the soul of the deceased by the side ofa table of offerings.IV. Thoth in a shrine.V. Osiris, ram-headed, with ho rns and uraeus. Thedeceased in a shrine offers incense to him.V I. Nep hthys standing with upraised hands and arms, and

double j .VII. Standard, with plumes and disk, emblem of Osiris,the goddess Isis and the deceased offering 0 0 0 *VIII. Thoth, ibis-headed, adoring Osiris, seated, behindwhom stand Isis and Nephthys; serpent and serpent-headed

god who holds a knife \ \ in each hand ; throne, with stepson each side, ornam ented w ith /ft \ S a nd [L .

I l l CE LT yj \IX . Th e goddess M aat, the god Chepera, Ra, ram-headed,and the god Heka in the boat of the Sun sailing across thesky. Beneath the mumm y of the deceased, upon whichfall rays of light, are disks and stars $ proceeding from aninverted head of the hawk of Horus. ^ To the right are


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OUTER COFFIN OF NESI-PA-UR-SHEF. 57offerings, uraeus and stan d J^, and a haw k-headed god ; tothe left are offerings, a vulture, and a bearded man-headedgod. The deceased stands by the side of a table of offeringsand says:

Oianet' hra -k RaHail to thee, RaII CS. ^ II

uben - k sep sen pest - k sep sen % uu - kRisest thou, risest thou, shinest thou, shinest thou,gloriousart thou,

Heru-xuti Temu ka her ab AnnuHarmachis Atmu, bull within Heliopolis

%ii - k nai uaa - k ta - k pest - k emsplendidart thou coming inboatthy I Cast thou radiancethy in

Ire en asi - a

thedoorof tombmy,urh - k x a t - a em annu - kanoint thou body my with col our Q) thy,

JJ n wIU y w \ U 0Ausar Nesi - pa - ur - sef maat^eruOsiris, Nesi-pa - ur -she/, triumphant

X. Horus leading th e deceased into the presence of Osiris,behind whom stands Isis.X I. Th e goddess Ne phthy s holding j in her upraised

arms and Iff.Inside, on the bottom of the outer coffin, is painted on a

purple ground a figure of the god Osiris in the form of \with human face and arms and hands, holding f and


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58 COFFIN OF PA-KEPU, THE WATER-CARRIER.on the top of it are plumes and a disk. The perpendicularline of inscription reads :

rl fl A lO ^0 O I |i /^L, Jlal 14 Swww i T o 11 f aan Ausar atefnetera en Amen-Ra suten neteru abBehold Osiris, father divine of Amen-Rd, king of the gods, priestI 2> I I m c \ H c a ^ ^ " 'c:::::7

her ari neter sentra neb i em auset - f nebmaking offerings of incense all, coming into place his every,

sab em auset urt her an neter hetcouncillor in the place mighty, president of the scribes of the divine house

en Amen-pa Nesi - pa - ur - sef maatxeruof the Amen temple, Nesi - pa - ur - shef, triumphant 1

4. COFFINS OF PA-KEPU, A WATER-CARRIER AT THEBES,ABOUT B.C. 500.

I. The OuterCoffin.The painted wooden coffins of Pa-kepu were presented tothe Fitzwilliam Museum by H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, in1869. The outer coffin is 6 ft. 10in. long, and the inner is5 ft. 11 in. They are well made and strong, but the artist'swork is poor.The face is red, the beard is black, and the head-dress ispainted with stripes of red and black, upon a yellow ground ;

the scenes on the cover are in green, black, purple, yellowand drab, and the inscriptions, arranged in short lines, arepainted in black upon a white and yellow ground alternately.


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COFFIN OF PA-KEPU, THE WATER-CARRIER. 59The scenes painted below the necklace on the outside of

the cover are as follows :I. W inged disk with urad ; by the side of each wingc = 3 Behutet.

I I . The heart of the deceased being weighed againstMaat ifl ; Th oth leading the deceased into the presence ofHorus and Osiris ; the four children of H orus stand ingupon a lotus flower ; Isis, Neph thys, Mes#a, H api, Tuam -autef, Qebhsennuf, two crocodile-headed gods, H orus andThoth; these last four gods represent some of the forty-two"assessors."

I I I . Inscription, which readsl:" May Osiris at the headof the underworld, great god, lord of Abydos, grant a royaloffering; thousands of cakes, thousand s of jugs of beerthousands of oxen, thousands of ducks, thousands of incensethousands of linen bandages, thousands of vessels of oil,thousands of vessels of wine, thousands of vessels of milk,thousands of offerings, thousands of offerings of t'efau food,thousands of all beautiful and pure things to the kaof Osiris,the water-carrier of the western part of Thebes."IV. Mummy of the deceased lying on a bier, beneathwhich are the four Canopic jar s containing his intestines ;Anubis stands by the bier giving - dux, " n^ e " t o t^ iem um m y; on each side is a hawk wearing a disk. Th e in-scriptions read, " Behutet, great god, lord of heaven, Shu, mayhe grant all offerings of t'efa food and things," " Behutet,


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60 COFFIN OF PA-KEPU, THE WATER-CARRIER.great god, lord ofheaven, may he grant offerings oft'efafood."1V. Aninscription which rep eats the entre aty for sepulchralmeals for2 " thekaofOsiris, the water-carrierofthe W esternpartofThebes, this Pa-kepu, triump hant, lord of watchfuladoration, son of Am en-hetep-au-ant, born of the ladyofthe house, this Aarru, triumphant."

VI. Standard, inthe form of alotus flower, havingmendts(^7(^7, disk, plumes and ursei; hawkof Horus and ut'at. Tothe right areMes#a and Qebhsennuf, to the left HapiandTuamautef. Th e inscriptions are identical with those above.

V I I . Repetitionof inscription asking for sepulchral meals.V I I I . Ra, Chepera, Th oth and twoother gods sailing

across the skyin aboat. Before and behind theboat are ^and a cynocephalus ape ^y.inadoration.

IX . On the projecting foot of the coffin are ut'at andhawk of Horus wearing disk and (^?in a shrine. The in-scriptions on each side askforsepulch ral foods.

. Th e second inscription omits

Ien kaen Ausdr uaij,mdu Amentet Uast Pa-kepu penmadxeru nebt dmax se enAmen-hetepauaiitu

[Ernest Alfred Wallace Budge] a Catalogue of The

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