Vol 22. No. 87 Saturday, 02 january, 2016 Pages 8, Price 2.00 NFA

President Isaias Afwerki conveyed a message of good wishes

The Branch of the Ministry of Education in the Central Region organized a workshop on the promotion and upgrading of quality education here in Asmara on December 30th this week.

The national vitamin A vaccination day was launched on Wednesday, December 30th this week.

The Ministry of Health has urged all parents to take their children under five years of age to nearby vaccination centers.

AfforestAtion effortsHagaz Agricultural and Technical School is making tangible

contributions to afforestation efforts in the area through the provision of various seedlings. Brother Isaias Tsegai, Head of the School, stated that the different fruit seedlings are produced at the School’s Green Houses, which are slated to increase in the coming months, for distribution to vegetable farmers and others community members interested in planting the seedlings to combat desertification

The School provides practical training to students on agriculture and agriculture related techniques.

new HigH scHool in sHi’ebA new high school has been built and has started functions in She’ib

sub-zone. The new high school, built at a cost of 12.4 million Nakfa, will increase student’s enrollment rate in the areas considerably.

The school includes 15 classes, a laboratory, offices, computer rooms and associated facilities.

Mr. Reshid Mohammed Osman, Head of the MOE in the Region, stated that increased physical access to education will have a positive impact in the enrollment of female students.

Mr. Mohammed Hamid Ashkerai, Administrator of the Sub-Zone, opined that the main bottleneck for female students enrollment were essentially early childhood marriages and nomadic mode of living. Concerted efforts were being made by all stakeholders, parents, the Ministry of Education and the local administrative bodies to change old patterns.

There are currently a kindergarten, eight elementary, five junior and one high schools in She’ib.

President isAiAs conveys messAge of good wisHes

to the Eritrean people inside the country and abroad, to the gallant

members of the Eritrean Defense Force as well as to all friends of Eritrea on the eve of the New Year.

In his message of good wishes, President Isaias underlined that the Eritrean people had achieved independence and continue to safeguard their national sovereignty through resolute commitment and efforts, and, by paying huge sacrifices.

These attributes and qualities of resilience and determination will surely ensure a bright future for the country in its developmental drive, President Isaias pointed out.

On the occasion, the Ministry of Information is pleased to announce a forthcoming interview with the President on important regional and domestic issues in the coming days that will be broadcast through national media outlets.

nAtionAl vitAmin A vAccinAtion week

worksHoP on enHAncingquAlity educAtion

Eritrea Profile Wishes a Happy New Year to All!

The vaccination week will continue until the 3rd of January next week.

Sister Hiwot Gebrekidan, Head of Akria Health Center, stated that the periodic vaccination programme is vital for the maintenance of child health.

The Head of the Branch Office acknowledged and praised the active role of the community in the endeavour and underlined the importance of further strengthening the consultative process that

has been going on through the involvement of teachers, students and parents. Various officials of the MoE, school directors, supervisors and community representatives participated in the meeting.

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Eritrea Profile, Saturday, 02 january, 2016 2

Tsegay Medhin

According to modern studies, the origin of the family of pigs is known to be from Asia, and later they appeared in Africa around 21Ma and around 16.5Ma arrived in Europe and China. Some species also believed to be evolved in the Indian Subcontinent and dispersed around 13.8Ma to Eurasia. To date the oldest evidence of the subfamily is known from Early Miocene and the youngest in early Late Miocene age, documenting a range from about 20 to 9M.

Pigs are intelligent and adaptable animals. They occupy a unique role in several ecosystems, being large and mostly omnivorous mammals.

They are known since the late Eocene in Asia and they are present in the wild across the Old World. They have been important to human populations as a source of food, became domesticated early during the Neolithic and since then have been introduced worldwide. Diseases and parasites carried by wild pigs are also an important focus of socioeconomic and public health studies. In addition, some wild pigs are also critically endangered and a focus for biodiversity conservation studies.

The late part of the evolutionary history of the pigs is relatively well known owing to a relatively rich fossil record, notably in

the Neogene (a geologic period starting 23.03 million years ago to 2.58 million years ago) of Eurasia. This record includes some of the best-known and most remarkable evolutionary trends among mammals. Several studies documented rapid morphological changes of dentition through time that is, increases in length, height, and complexity of the third molars and reduction of the premolars and incisors; in several lineages of African Neogene pigs. These include: Nyanzachoerus-Notochoerus, Metridiochoerus, and Kolpochoerus (extant Phacochoerus and Hylochoerus) are phylogenetically nested within the two latter genera, respectively. These lineages comprise overall about 25 species that are often abundantly represented in different Plio-Pleistocene African sites.

Those rapid morphological changes, notably used in biostratigraphic studies, can potentially be correlated to known environmental changes and are thought to illustrate the transition from omnivorous diets to more herbivorous ones through adaptation by natural selection.

They have been found to be a powerful tool for biochronological correlation because of their progressive craniodental morphology that indicates a rapid process of speciation and

evolution

Evidences of three species of fossil pigs have been documented from the Buia Basin dated to about 1.0 million years.

The fossil specimens of extinct pigs were collected during the last two decades of field survey at the late Early Pleistocene sites of the Buia Basin, directed by the Eritreo-Italian research team. Specimens were collected from the surface and are currently housed at the paleontological laboratory of the National Museum of Eritrea (NME), in Asmara. These species are scientifically classified as: Kolpochoerus olduvaiensis, Kolpochoerus majus, and Metridiochoerus modestus. They are morphologically evolved and are found in association with a diverse large fossil vertebrate faunal assemblage, including our genus Homo and a rich accumulation of acheulean lithic tools.

The anatomic, biometric, morphometric and dental microwear analyses among the species, show significant data of dietary traits, habitat and evolutionary changes.

Our microwear study involves the analysis of teeth of the three fossil pig species from the Buia Basin in order to answer questions

concerning their life and diet. Teeth play a fundamental role during an animal’s life and come in many shapes and sizes for chewing food. A typical mammal tooth includes two parts: a crown and one or more roots. The crown is covered by a layer of dentine, overlain by enamel, while the root is coated with cementum.

In order to understand the paleoecology and dietary habits of the extinct pigs, we used an innovative technique known as Dental Microware Analysis.

The technique allows us to examine the abundance, distribution, orientation, size and shape of micro-features on the chewing surface of enamel, which directly reflect the properties of food consumed. Enamel is the hardest and most mineralised tissue in the body and it is known, from studies on living mammals, that enamel micro-features relating to food consumption renew every few weeks in life. Thus, at the point of death, the teeth will illustrate the final weeks of diet of the animal.

The result of our study, on these three pig species show dental anatomic distinction between the three pig species. Conversely, the microwear patterns recorded on the dental surfaces show overlapping of ecological niches among the species.

Their opportunistic feeding and rapid reproduction process might have sustained their survival within the mosaic environments of the Buia Basin in competition with other faunas (other ungulates, carnivores and monkeys) and our genus Homo. The moderate-sized and hypsodont Kolpochoerus majus was contemporaneous with the advanced Kolpochoerus olduvaiensis. Thus it may have been adapted to the open grasslands of the Buia Basin together with the small Metridiochoerus modestus. These species might have consumed dry leaves, grasses, wood bark, and importantly, might have relied on a rooting diet. The results is that browser characteristics for Kolpochoerus olduvaiensis, mixed feeding for Kolpochoerus majus and for the high-crowned Metridiochoerus modestus, have important consequences for adaptation, habitat preference and diet.

Their presence alongside our genus Homo in highest number and diversity in the fossil record is a testimony to their adaptive strategies to different environments. They show better potential of presence in the fossil record than any ungulates in several regions of Africa and the Levant. Buia pigs varied dietary habits was the result of their general food requirement advantages and this can be easily noticed from their varied cranio-dental convergent morphology.

These advantages allowed the two genera from the Buia Basin to evolve, to adapt and/or disperse far and wide, through appropriate and successful response to the pressures of climate change, compared with other groups of mammals.

They were competitive for dietary resources to other large mammals including carnivores and herbivores. Reflecting their specialized cranio-dental anatomy, high reproductive success they had successful and diverse dietary habits as a response to their dietary challenges profoundly occurred during the trajectory of their evolution. The last representatives of these species are found in the Middle Pleistocene, albeit descendants of a number of these species have survived until the present day.

A million years old three species of pigs from the site of Buia (Eritrea)

Excerpts: on a recently published article in the scientific journal of “Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology and Palaeoecology – PALAEO-3”.

More:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018215002217

Eritrea Profile, Saturday, 02 january, 2016 3

Sertseyonas Negash

As you approach the small, rural town of Adi Keih, located in the southern, rugged, mountainous region of Eritrea, you are welcomed by the large, eye-catching buildings of the College of Arts and Social Sciences (CASS). Established in 2010, CASS proudly stands out as a symbol of developmental progress and architectural excellence in the country. After its inauguration, maintaining and beautifying the college have remained among the main foci of the CASS authorities.

The numerous small trees and flowers which can be found across the campus are pleasant, vivid reminders that the college is a newly established one. While the trees and flowers augment the beauty and appeal of CASS, adding a pleasant ambience to the daily, regimented rigors of academia, they also demand a continuous, unremitting effort to flourish and blossom.

Generally, improving the surrounding work environment is one of the main tasks of any organization; it creates a pleasing, comfortable work atmosphere for members of the organization, and can consequently improve overall productivity and outcomes. In this regard, CASS is no exception and thus, in addition to their regular class work and general academic activities, the students and staff members of CASS can frequently be found enthusiastically digging, planting, shoveling, hedging,

clearing, and raking.

The activities are an integral part of the CASS Office of Student Affairs annual sanitation and landscaping programs, which seek to maintain the beauty of the college. This year’s campaign includes: uprooting weeds and bushes; clearing waste materials and garbage; labeling ground; and watering plants. Students are divided into groups based upon their respective departments and sections (in the case of the freshman program), and sites are allocated for each group. Subsequently, each group arranges time periods which are convenient to the students and staff.

Critically, in addition to beautifying the campus and providing clear aesthetic benefits, the program is also highly

practical and functional since the landscaping component of the campaign, which focuses on the physical layout of the college, helps to make it easier and safer

to move around the campus. This aspect is especially important for many of the visually impaired or

disabled students enrolled within CASS. Additionally, the program encourages the development of a close sense of unity and cohesion among students, as well as between

students and staff – a crucial factor for the success of any educational organization. When students are able to develop comfort and strong bonds with their peers and those comprising the body of the educational institution, such as teachers and staff, their levels of academic participation, achievement, and overall success tend to increase. Another significant aspect of the CASS program is the degree of “buy in” amongst participants, with many of the students recognizing and appreciating its overall benefits. Mr. Brhane Gebru, a fourth year student in the Department of Sociology and Social Work, explains that the campaign is, “a means to create a clean and healthy environment for the CASS community, thereby promoting the health and safety of all the college community. The students really enjoyed it. We considered it as a recreational activity because it was arranged [during] a convenient time [for] all of us.” But, “it should be done regularly not only once in a year. Hence, our college will be green and clean” added Mr. Brhane.

Brhane’s latter point is broadly supported by Ms. Danait Gebrihiwot, a fourth year student in the Department of Political Science and International Relations, who suggests that the program even expand toward developing a CASS “Green Club” in the future, so as to remain “regularly active and engaged in campus greening activities,” as well as to “help foster greater dialogue, awareness, and

College of Arts and social sciences: Cleaning and Greening

understanding of environmental issues.”

Although the CASS program is a targeted initiative that seeks to directly address a specific local issue, it is actually representative of broader, significant issues, such as sustainable development and the environment. Generally, the past several decades have witnessed a large accumulation of knowledge regarding humans and the environment, and a growing number of studies have illustrated that waste and pollution, especially within low-income, developing nations, contributes to a broad range of negative consequences. For developing countries, the consequences of waste and pollution are enormous: destabilized economies, significant costs related to climate change, reduced human capital, local, regional, and even international political instability, escalating public health challenges and costs, lost productivity, damage to ecosystems, and a legacy of problems passed down to future generations.

Thus, particularly for low income, developing countries – such as Eritrea – waste, pollution, sustainable development, and the general environment represent urgent, pressing concerns that merit significant and immediate attention. In this context then, the CASS sanitation and landscaping program is an important preliminary, yet positive, step towards a clean and green future.

Adi Keih,

Eritrea Profile, Saturday, 02 january, 2016 4

Meron Abraha

Once again we are bidding farewell to one year and welcoming another brand new one. Not only 2016 has come but we have already counted two days.

While it’s only just a change of dates, the New Year has for long been considered an important event signifying a new beginning – a fresh start, where one pauses to look back to the past year, and more importantly, forward to the coming one, reflecting on the changes one wants or has to make and resolves to follow them through.

That’s why every New Year, after the partying spree for the occasion, we rush into talking about making resolutions, which are supposedly aimed at rectifying the faults of past year while making the new one a lot more promising.

The resolutions however have this strange habit of hiding away for the first three hundred something days of a year to then suddenly awaken on the last day, triggering a rush. And even then, the fate of these earnest resolutions is sealed by their being forgotten in the euphoria of starting a brand new year.

I bet many of you have had your

list of resolutions drawn up for the umpteenth time but seriously,

how many of you pursue them beyond the first few weeks of the next year? Probably just a few!

The last time I remember making a resolution was not even on New Year’s Eve. It was instead earlier that month that I had resolved not to make any new year’s resolutions.

Apparently, I thought that if we can actually do [or plan to do] those changes on New Year, then there would be no reason why we shouldn’t do them on any other day in the course of the year.

Every day is in fact a brand new day; a new beginning. And yet we got comfortable waiting for a New Year while most of the time forgetting that the year we are

waiting for to end was also a new one in its time. Simply put, we ignore the fact that the New Year is only a continuation in the cycle that man has put forward for his own measurement of time.

Many assimilate the New Year to a new book, each day being the blank pages to be filled with our actions. If that is the case, how many of us wake up every day and ever ponder on how smarter or sillier (God forbid) we have become than the day before? (Me? I wish!!)

As we go on about our daily lives, we come across countless unfinished things; things we have procrastinated and that are always sitting at the back of our minds. So why not then make attempts to complete those unfinished things, one at a time?

While I can’t insist that people should refrain from resolving for certain changes as the New Year sets; I can neither encourage people to take on resolutions that are not only difficult but often times vague and disappointing if not completed.

Either way, I remain of the opinion that we should look forward to seeing what next year brings us [without making any New Year’s Resolutions].

And that’s why I came to think that if as people we MUST make

resolutions then we should at least think in terms of the day’s resolutions. After all, one barely needs to make a resolution for something one can do everyday.

And instead of resolutions [which are often vague to begin with and can make us feel bad if not completed], we could perhaps opt for a list of things that we want the most.

As an alternative to making resolutions, I once came across a concept that doesn’t necessarily evoke a sense of success or failure. One would choose one or more words (they could be emotions) as a personal mantra for the New Year and focus on living right by them. Happiness, courage, strength, generosity, determination, simplicity… the list goes on. That way people don’t have to wait for the New Year to bring changes to their lives, but could seize the moment that avails itself each and every day throughout the year.

And in seizing the day, no one other than Horace could have better described it for us in his immortal words “Carpe Diem!”

“… Carpe diem, quam minime credula postero…,”

This translates into “…Seize the day, trusting as little as possible in the future…”

New Beginnings or old Extensions … Just CARpE DIEM

Horace used this aphoristic phrase to illustrate how the future is unforeseen and how one should limit from making plans for the remote future. One should do all one can today to make one’s future better.

Let me leave you with a parting thought of wisdom from Ric Kausrud, a man who lived with HIV for 20 years. He adopted the following truly inspirational motto to stress the importance of enjoying life to its fullest.

“This is the beginning of a new day. I have been given this day to use as I will. I can waste it or use it for good.

But what I do today is important, because I am exchanging a day of my life for it! When tomorrow comes, this day will be gone forever, leaving in its place something that I have traded for it. I want it to be gain and not loss; good and not evil; success, and not failure; in order that I shall not regret the price that I have paid for it. I will try just for today, for you never fail until you stop trying.”

This quote has been a font of inspiration for many people, including myself. And I hope it gives you a slight nudge towards living each and every day of your life with purpose, seizing every opportunity along the way. Seizing every moment; every day. Carpe Diem!

Eritrea Profile, Saturday, 02 january, 2016 5

ERItREA: the people’s Resolute Defiance

Sophia Tesfamariam

As Eritreans look back on 2015, it is fair to say that they have come full circle, have had everything thrown at them and come back to the time tested values and prin-ciples that have enabled them to achieve success against all odds. Eritrea’s values and principles, cultures and traditions.

Volumes have been produced to give Eritreaand Eritreans a new image by the mainstream media, the NGO and religious “networks”. The people of Eritrea everywhere have put up a resolute collective defiance against the as-sault. The attacks spared none. Everything from Eritrea’s bud-ding and nascent political institu-tions to the established cultural and social institutions, to its peo-ple, especially the youth, includ-ing Eritrea’s tight knit Diaspora communities were targeted. The assault began a few years into Er-itrea’s independence and the last decade was fast and furious.

The people of Eritrea have been subjected “hard power” and “soft power” attacks at various times in their history. They have seen vio-lence, warfare, and terror attacks. Ogbazgy A. Asmerom in his 2011 article, “Eritrea: The Land of De-termination, Perseverance, and Sacrifice”, sums it up:

“…Turkish rule was brutal; Egyptian administration was ugly; Italian rule was racist; British administration was ma-liciously armed with “divide and rule” tactics; but Ethiopian oc-cupation was the worst of all, the culmination of every brutal-ity. It was as worse as it comes. Ethiopian successive rulers had killed, tortured and brutalized Eritreans…”

The Eritrean People’s Libera-tion Front (EPLF) called for the people of Eritrea to undo the ef-fects of colonialism conscious-ly-to rid Eritrea of the physical aspects of colonization, ending Ethiopia’s in 1991, but also the psychological, mental, and spiri-tual aspects which still plagues some.The struggle continues…

Thousands paid with their lives and many more were injured and maimed during the long and bit-ter struggle for Eritrean inde-pendence which ended on 24 May 1991. But just a few years into independence, the people of Eritrea had to once again defend their sovereignty and territorial integrity when Ethiopia launched its aggressive war of invasion and occupation in 1998-2000. Eritrean determination, steadfast-ness, tenacity, sacrifice and unity were once again needed, to over-come this “hard power” attack. But before the ink on the Cessa-tion of Hostilities Agreements signed between Eritrea and Ethio-pia in 2000 had dried, the “soft power” attacks on Eritreans was launched.

Joseph S. Frye, who coined the phrase “soft power”, says:

“…Soft power co-opts people. It is a form of power - a means of pursuing national interests…When you can get others to ad-mire your ideals and to want what you want, you do not have to spend as much on sticks and carrots to move them in your direction. Seduction is always more effective than coercion, and many values like democracy, human rights, and individual opportunities are deeply seduc-tive…”

Eritreans were actively targeted and lured by the “attractiveness” of western culture, political ideals and policies. It is fair to say that many were influenced…

Kenyan intellectual Ngugiwa Thiong’o, in his book Decolonis-ing the Mind, calls the weapon of choice, the “cultural bomb” and says:

“…The effect of the cultural bomb is annihilate a people’s be-lief in their names, in their lan-guages, in their environment, in their heritage of struggle, in their unity, in their capacities and ulti-mately in themselves.

It makes them see their past as one wasteland of non-achieve-ment and it makes them want to distance themselves from that

wasteland. It makes them want to identify with that which is fur-thest removed from themselves; for instance, with other peoples’ languages rather than their own. It makes them identify with that which is decadent and reaction-ary, all those forces which would stop their own springs of life. It even plants serious doubts about the moral rightness of struggle. Possibilities of triumph or victo-ry are seen as remote, ridiculous dreams. The intended results are despair, despondency and a col-lective death-wish…”

Led by western anthropologists, international Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) such as Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International and Christian Fun-damentalist groups such as the Voice of the Martyrs, Christian Solidarity Worldwide, Open Doors and others, and the western media conglomerates such as the British Broadcasting Corporation, the Guardian, and Reuters in tow, claiming the mantle of universal human rights and humanitarian goals, alljoined in theorchestrated “soft power” campaignsof vilifi-cation and defamation, against the State of Eritrea and its people.

Adopting the rhetoric of hu-man rights and international law in their many publications and by couching political attacks in legal terms, these groups and individu-als sought to create a veneer of credibility and expertise for their claims.

Unlike the many initiatives or-ganized and funded by Eritreans in the Diaspora, these efforts were funded via large grants provided by the Europe Union, European governments, and prominent foundations including George Soros’ Open Society Institute and the National Endowment for De-mocracy (NED) and the US State Department.

Western anthropologists led the assault with “scholarly” papers that presented Eritrea as the “Gi-ant Prison”, where “Dreams don’t come true”. The western media said that Eritrea’s youth would rather die in the sea, then work and serve the people of Eritrea

“indefinitely”. Eritrea’s National Service Program and the Warsay-Yikaalo Development Program (WYP), Eritrea’s strategy for de-velopment were labeled “slavery” and said the youth were denied “freedom to leave” their country at will. Eritrea’s cultures, values and principles on self-respect, self-reliance and dignity were obsessively maligned and under-mined. Eritrea’s rich and long established religious institutions were presented as being “back-ward” and adherents, especially the youth, were encouraged to embrace “modernity”, represent-ed by global projects such as the “Joshua Project”. Eritrea was tar-geted bythe global proliferation of new religious movements and “evangelical Christianity” ema-nating from the Bible Belt in the United States and Europe.

Reports were produced by westerners to enable their “un-derstanding of transnational pro-cesses of Eritrea and the Eritrean diaspora”.

Through various publications in academic institutions and think tanks, Eritrea’s gallant history and those who sacrificed life and limb to liberate Eritrea, as well as those working to rebuild their war torn nation, were maligned and denigrated, and their incred-ible achievements undermined.

Eritrea’s youth paid the heaviest price; lured to “greener pastures”, they instead found themselves in hostile environments.

Some wasted their youthful years in squalid refugee camps, and others in Europe’s migrant camps and detention centers, and many in underground nuclear bunkers separated from the popu-lation. Suffering at the hands of human traffickers, some served as helpless pawns for political agen-das, but sadly thousands perished trying to reach the promise of Eu-rope…

Eritrean identity, history and cultures as well as it’s tried and tested value systems were tar-geted and undermined. Suffice it to present a few phrases from the volumes produced over the last 15 years by western anthropologists on post-independence Eritrea and its nation building strategies:

• “….In summer 2002 the government announced the so-called WarsayYikealo Develop-ment Campaign [WYDC]. The younger generation is referred to as warsay, meaning „inheri-tor‟ or “follower”. While yikealo denotes a wise elderly person, a

continued on page 7

6

Bisha Mining Share Company is inviting applicants for the following position

for Bisha site project;

Commercial Manager

Number required – (01)

Type of contract – Definite period (2 years) Major Duties and responsibilities.

Marketing• & Selling of Gold/Copper/Zinc concentrate.Keepo in regular contact with existing customers, and as well as look out for

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agreed amendments are completed promptly.Keepo abreast of current market conditions and to changes in important

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international practices and a timely report issued to our company insures for each shipment of concentrates.

Analytical• support for the business.Ensureo that all assay data and shipping details are kept up to date and

uploaded correctly into MINEMAN for invoicing purposes. Provideo and check the cash forecast weekly/monthly for planned incoming

revenue for concentrate sales and cash exposure based on commodity pricing changes.

Ensureo that commercial is aligned with finance in regards to the pricing forecasts to be applied to short, medium and long term cash forecast and that these are inputted and maintained in Mineman.

Coordinate• “Life-of-Mine” budget and plans.Ensureo that sales contracts and shipping schedules are in alignment with

Life of mine production of concentratesAdjusto the year by year concentrate customer off takers according to the

long term plan. Ensure• regular shipment of mining produce/ logistics control.Shippingo and retainer forecast is updated weekly and circulated to

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General Information and other requirements:

Place of Work: Bisha.Salary : As per Company salary scale.

Additional requirement for Nationals:

Having fulfilled his/her National Service obligation and provide evidence of release paper from the Ministry of Defense.

Present clearance paper from current/last employer.Testimonial documents to be attached (CV, work experience

credentials, a copy of your National Identity Card etc.).

Only shortlisted applicants would be considered as potential candidates for an interview.

Application documents will not be returned to sender.All applications should be sent through the post office.Deadline for application: 10 days from the day of publication in the Newspaper.

Address : Please mail your applications to; Bisha Mining Share Company, P. O. Box 4276 Asmara, Eritrea

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vAcAncy Announcement

ADSEritrea Profile, Saturday, 02 january, 2016

7

continued from page 5

Eritrea Profile, Saturday, 02 january, 2016

Photographers Corner Photo: Tae’zaz AbrhaNovember 2006 - Desie, Dahlak Islands Northern Red Sea Region

term the government uses explic-itly for the fighter generation. The younger generation is sup-posed to follow in the footsteps of the former fighters by internal-izing and practicing the values of self-sacrifice, hard work and dedication to the Eritrean nation in the form of unlimited and un-paid service...”- (Nicole Hirt)

• “…the WarsayYikealo Development Campaign is an attempt to contest the cultural spaces of the various social groups by superimposing the ide-ology of the armed struggle on the young generation. It is for-bidden to practice one’s religion in the military service, and the rich variety of language and cul-ture is merged into a superficial performance of cultural dances presented during state holidays, which cannot cover the predomi-

nance of Tigrinya language and culture which dominates life in the national service, reflecting the power structure within the ruling elites within the govern-ment and military…”-(Nicole Hirt)

• “…It has rightly been observed that even before 2001 Sawa, the national military train-ing centre in a remote location in the western lowlands, received considerably more attention and investment than the UoA, Eri-trea’s only institution of higher education…”-(Tanya Muller)

• “…Although it seems that loyalty to the Eritrean na-tional identity has not dimin-ished, Eritrean citizenship has lost much of its appeal [...], es-pecially among young people that are about to serve their compul-

ERItREA: the people’s Resolute Defiance

sory military service. Therefore, national identity could start to fray…"-(Alexandra Dias)

• “…The leadership's "in-sistence on pursuing their ideol-ogy of "self-reliance" may thus turn out to be at best counter-produc-tive, and at worst disastrous. The government simply cannot afford to scare away donors, NGOs, and UN agencies (not to mention for-eign investors) by adhering to a nationalist narrative based on "stubbornness”…(Christian Bun-degaard, 2004)

• “…most of the popula-tion will have no personal mem-ory of the struggle at all, and calls by members of the ruling party to remember their heroic contribution will simply fall on uncomprehending ears. In some cases, as with the national ser-

vice scheme in Eritrea, deliberate efforts were made by the ruling party to inculcate into rising gen-erations the values of struggle, discipline and dedication to the cause that had driven their pre-decessors, but – try as one may – the post-liberation situation is so different that this objective is almost impossible to achieve…”-(Christopher Clapham)

• Etc.

The “cultural bomb” was un-leashed on the Eritrean people. The subversion of the peoples’ minds and lives continues under various guises; the mantra of “hu-man rights”, “democracy”, “free-dom of movement” etc. etc. are being raised to subordinate na-tional laws, principles and values. This is a battle for the hearts and minds of the Eritrean people-one

that Eritreans should never relin-quish.

So as we enter 2016, the clari-on call for Eritreans everywhere is what it was, way back then. It is time to go back to the basics again-ሓፋሽ ይንቃሕ ይወደብ ይተዓጠቅ!…or in the words of Ngugiwa Thiong’o, Eritreans everywhere:

“…have to confront this threat with the higher and more cre-ative culture of resolute strug-gle…weld even more firmly the weapons of the struggle con-tained in their cultures…have to speak the united language of struggle contained in each of their languages….discover their various tongues to sing the song: “A people united can never be defeated”…”

Happy New Year everyone…

Eritrea Profile, Saturday, 02 january, 2016 8

Billion Temesghen

Radio Numa is one of the National Radio channels accommodating many youth oriented programs by the youth for the youth. It raises timely issues on a wide range of subjects while creating a podium of debate, interaction and exchange of ideas. A mentionable Radio Numa speciality is the fact that it does not ‘just tell’, it also lets people narrate history, share experience of all kinds, deliberately discuss and argue. So, it is more like an open ‘on call’ radio for anyone to be part of.

Radio Numa hosts also a yearly event highly expected by the public: the NUMA AWARDS. The Award started three years ago and its event is held yearly towards the very end of the year, aiming to encourage deserving young people of the society.

This year’s Numa Awards were held on Wednesday evening December 30th.

Since the FM radio channel highly focuses on the aspirations and covets of its listeners, the awards categories varies from

time to time, in form and figure accordingly.

2015 has seen a sensational splendour for the Eritrean Sport. Having the Eritrean flag wave in three continents: Africa, Asia and Europe thanks to young Eritrean athletes, this year’s achievement in sport, brought glorified sense of delight not only to the fans of sport but also to the Eritrean people in general.

As such this year’s Numa Awards, as to by voice of the public and the so called ‘Sport Family’, the award’s categories were compressed to best female athlete, Best coach and Best male athlete.

The ceremony started with a minute of silence in honour of the fallen heroes, followed by a brief overture speech by Numa’s journalists.

In the opening speech the hosts of the award explained that the third celebration of Numa Awards, just like the previous ones, intends to hearten praiseworthy young athletes with admirable accomplishment. Veteran singer Estfanos Abrham got up on the

podium and sang a merriment song, subsequently.

The first guest to climb on the podium was cyclist Merhawi Kudus, most certainly the one with the largest number of fans. He was not nominated in any categories of the awards. When asked how being labelled as the youngest rider of the Tour the France felt, he said “pressured”. He also added a comment in which he attached ‘gratefulness’ the support he received from his father at the begging of his carrier.

Moreover, in explaining about what the New Year is holding for him this is what he said: “Dimension Data (the previously team know as MTN Quebeka) is now a professional team scheduled to participate in the World tours with almost 150 race days scheduled, and I hope to see our team do well.” Before leaving the stage at the end of his interview session he wished a joyous New Year.

In the best female athlete category, athlete Nazriet Woldu and cyclist Mosana Debessai were nominated. Mosana with the majority of votes took the trophy home.

With a twenty years long experience, and twenty years of

several feats, athletes Yonas Kifle and Nebiat Habtemariam received a stand-ovation; in a section of the award ceremony reserved to the veteran athletes they reminded that ‘determination’ is key to staying active and productive. Participants did express their gratitude to the record achieved by Nebiat Habtemariam, as not only does she do athletics well, but also is a mother to four.

Numa’s best coach award was given to Samsom Selemon from the national cycling team.

The most awaited moment was Numa’s best male athlete of the year. Nominees were, Daniel Tecklehaimanot with glories at the Criterium Dauphine and Tour de France and athlete Ghirmai Ghebresilasie who is the world marathon champion; both of whom are highly admired sportsmen.

It was a very tight difference of nearly two points, but after being nominated for previous two previous years, Daniel Tecklehaimanot won Numa’s best male athlete award 2015. World champion athlete Ghirmai Ghebresilasie said he couldn’t be any happier for his senior’s Best Sportsman nomination.

“I might have attained some individual achievements, but what

NUMA: award for sports excellence

Numa Awards Winners: Daneil, Mosana and Samsom

Ghirmai achieved was beyond any comparison”, said Numa Award winner for best male athlete 2015 Daniel Tecklehaimanot. Moreover He said that he was honoured as he read magazines and news papers declaring athlete Ghirmai Ghebresilasie a World Champion.

Athlete Ghirmai Ghebresilasie on his part noted that all he is thinking at the moment is the Rio Olympics 2016.

He believes that the Eritrean teams that will participate in the Olympics will attain great results. Looking at the applause that followed his assurance, it was hard not to notice that Ghirmai Ghebresilasie already won the hearts of sports fans.

The atmosphere residing in the Numa Award occasion was light hearted as it was accented by a spirit of joy for the New Year.

Nevertheless, it did not end there. After the ceremony officially ended, people stayed behind, for quite some time, taking photos and passing on good wishes for the New Year.

We too hope all the best for Eritrean athletes in the 2016.

Daniel at the Tour de France

Ghirmay: the world marathon champion