Erik Erikson Coolest sounding name in psychology?
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Transcript of Erik Erikson Coolest sounding name in psychology?
Erik Erikson
• Coolest sounding name in psychology?
Ego Psychology
• Stresses the importance of the ego in development
• Freud’s view of the ego vs. Erikson’s view
• Emphasizes the integration of biological and social forces in the development of the ego
Ego Development
• Occurs in a series of predetermined stages– Eight stages
• Each stage has a crisis– A crucial period in which a decisive turn is
unavoidable
• Stages are dependent on each other– A positive or negative turn at an earlier stage affects
later stages
Oral-Sensory Stage• Birth – 1 year
• Basic trust vs. mistrust
• Similar to Freud’s oral stage
• If mother acts in a loving or considerate manner, the infant will develop basic trust– Ego understands people are dependable
• If mother is unreliable or rejecting the infant will develop mistrust
Muscular-Anal Stage
• 2 – 3 years
• Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
• Similar to Freud’s anal stage
• Child’s muscles mature, starts to learn how to control them
• Parents attempt to teach child to obey them – conflict of will and power
Muscular-Anal Stage
• If parents guide their children's behavior gradually and firmly– Autonomy and self-control is engendered
• If too permissive or too harsh– Child senses defeat and has shame and
doubt concerning their abilities to make effective judgments
Locomotor-Genital Stage
• 4 – 5 years
• Initiative vs. doubt
• Similar to Freud’s phallic stage
• At this point child senses they are an individual
• Must find out what kind of people they may become
Locomotor-Genital Stage
• Start to see fantasy play about being an adult– Occupation– Various roles– Marriage (to the opposite sex parent)
• If family understands and guides such play in socially acceptable acitivityue– Initiative is sparked (play more)
• If children are punished for such fantasy play– Guilt occurs
Latency Stage
• 6 – 12 years
• Industry vs. inferiority
• Similar to Freud’s latency stage
• Period where children start to learn new skills
• If children succeed they will develop a sense of industry
• If children fail they will develop feelings of inferiority
Adolescence
• 13 – 19 years
• Identity vs. role confusion
• From the previous stages a person has a sense they are somebody– Part of a family– Sense of independence– Ability to take initiative– Able to complete tasks
Adolescence
• But “who” are they?
• Identity– The things we are, the things we want to
become, and the things we are suppose to become
Adolescence
• Identity Crisis
• Role confusion– Who and what one should become– Embrace simple ideologies of other (heroes)
Adolescence
• Identity
• Role confusion
Young Adulthood
• 20 – 24 years
• Intimacy vs. isolation
Young Adulthood
• Such relations are only possible after an identity has been established
• Share identity• Must be willing to sacrifice• Must be willing to regulate the cycles of
– Work– Procreation– Recreation
Young Adulthood
• Success means you have the capacity for intimacy
• Failure means you experience a sense of isolation– Will not take a chance with your identity– Love is only superficial
• Success means you have the capacity for intimacy
• Failure means you experience a sense of isolation– Will not take a chance with your identity– Love is only superficial
Middle Adulthood
• 25 – 64 years
• Generativity vs. stagnation
• Are you going to be productive and contribute to the welfare of the next generation?
Middle Adulthood
• Generativity– Concerned not only with
self development but also helping the next generation
– Does not have to involve own children
• Stagnation– Lack of productivity,
boredom, and interpersonal impoverishment
Late Adulthood
• 65 years – death
• Ego integrity vs. despair
• Death is near. . . .How was your life?
Late Adulthood
• Ego integrity
• Adapted to triumphs and disappointments• Generated ideas (or others)• Conclude your life had meaning and unity• Accept your death as part of life
Late Adulthood• Despair
• Unable to accept inevitable failures of life• Had a selfish or uncaring life• Despair because you know you are going to die – no
way to “redo” your life
Stage Age Ego Crisis
Oral-Sensory Birth – 1 Basic trust vs. mistrust
Muscular-Anal 2 – 3 Autonomy vs. same and doubt
Locomotor-Genital 4 – 5 Initiative vs. guilt
Latency 6 – 12 Industry vs. inferiority
Adolescence 13 – 19 Identity vs. role confusion
Young Adulthood 20 – 24 Intimacy vs. isolation
Middle Adulthood 25 – 66 Generativity vs. stagnation
Late Adulthood 65 - death Ego integrity vs. despair
Eight Stages of Man
• “It is not things in themselves that trouble us, but our opinions of things.”
• “Change your thoughts and you change your world."
• “I do not react to some absolute reality, but to my perception of this reality. It is this perception which for me is reality.”
Awareness is everything!
• Conscious experience is all that matters
• The past is only important if it affects your thoughts and feelings now
• Even if “reality” exists, it doesn’t matter
• Note how different from other approaches– Trait– Genetic– Psychodynamic
Humanistic Psychology
• The study of the mind is different than any other science
• The mind is aware!– The mind is attempting to understand the
mind
Awareness
• Existentialism– The cs mind has a sense of “existence”
• Phenomenological– The “phenomenon” of experience
• Humanistic– This phenomenon is uniquely human
Phenomenological, Humanistic, and Existentialism
• Free will
• Awareness
• Meaning
• Responsibilities of free will
• The object of study are human beings
Free Will
• Previous approaches
• CS experience is personality• The UCS mind does not matter• The past does not matter
• Only times these do matter is if you let them– Gordon Liddy example
Awareness
• What does it feel like to exist?
• Umwelt– Senses you feel as a biological organism
• Mitwelt– Feelings related to social experiences
• Eigenwelt– Feelings when you think of your own
existence
• What would you have been like if you. . .
• Were born to an extremely wealth family?
• Were born to an extremely poor family?
• Were born in North Dakota in 1952?
• Were born in England in 1500?
Thrown-ness
• The circumstances into which you happened to be born
• What time period do you think it is most difficult to find a sense of meaning?
Meaning
• Modern times
• Why are you here?
• What should you be doing?
• Angst– Existential anxiety
What to do?
• “Lucky mud”
• Free choice – must not “blow” your chance to find “meaning”– Not a “true” meaning, but a personal “meaning”
Authentic Existence
• Come to terms with your existence– Life is shot– You will die– You are in control of your choices – find meaning
• Still not a “happy” existence– Life is shot– Your will die– Meaning is only an illusion
Bad Faith
• Avoid Angst
• Stop worrying about the problems of existence
Bad Faith
• Problems
• 1) Living a lie– Might as well just be the “unlucky mud”
• 2) Still will not be happy
• 3) Still making a choice– Chosen not to chose is a choice– “Man is condemned to freedom”