E.RICHTERDEPARTMENT OF RHEUMATOLOGYUNIVERSITY OF STELLENBOSCH

Immunology

Innate and adaptive immunity: cells

Innate and adaptive immunity

MHC class I and II

Complement system

Activation of innate immunity

PAMP’s and PRR

Inflammasomes

Jak Stat pathway

Cytokines

Important cytokines: TNF-alfa

Interleukin-6

Interleukin-6 and the liver

Adaptive immunity: T cell development

Positive selection: selection of T cells capable of interacting with MHC molecules. If does not bind to MHC apoptosis. Develops into either CD4 or CD8 depending on if it binds MHC class I or II.

Negative selection: presented with MHC bound to self Ag. If binds too strongly apoptosis.

Requires both signals in order to activate. CD 28 expressed on all CD4 and 50% of CD8

CTLA-4 negative regulator of T cells. Only transiently expressed after T cell activation.

Activation of T cell

T-helper cells: subsets

Adaptive immunity: B cells development

B cells: activation

Immunoglobulin's

Autoimmunity

Black arrows=normal events in T cell development

Red arrows = circumstances disrupting events autoimmunity

Autoimmunity

Autoimmunity: superantigen