TEEN PREGNANCY

Erica Holloman

PRENATAL CARE

CHOOSING AN OB-GYN OR MIDWIFE

Choosing between an OB-GYN and a CNM is easier if you first pinpoint

what is essential to you in a provider. This may be their credentials, their

views about pain medication, whether they will be at your side throughout

your labor and delivery, or the location of their office as it relates to your

home. Take a moment to write down your priorities, keeping in mind that

you may have to make some concessions along the way..

http://www.babyzone.com/pregnancy/prenatal-care/ob-gyn-midwife-choosing_71051

CHOOSING AN OB-GYN MIDWIFE(CONT.)

W

hen should I begin looking?

T

he optimal time to locate a prenatal provider is before you conceive. There are

a number of advantages to getting an early start. You can take your time

finding someone you really like without the added pressure of needing

immediate prenatal care. You will also avoid putting your future developing

embryo at risk by adopting the health and wellness information covered in

preconception visits. These include eating right, getting enough exercise,

taking folic acid and prenatal vitamins, and abstaining from alcohol, tobacco,

and drugs. Both OB-GYNs and CNMs see clients for preconception visits. If

possible, make the appointment at a time when both you and your partner can

attend.

HOW TO APPLY FOR MEDAICAID

1 Call the Human Resources Department or Social Services in your county. Explain that you are calling for a Medicaid for Pregnant Women application. Usually, you can pick it up or they send it to you through the mail. Fill out all the necessary paperwork and return it to the office.

2 Get your paperwork organized. As with other Medicaid applications, you have to provide proof of income, residency, and everyone living in your home. You need to locate social security cards and your driver's license.

In addition, Medicaid for Pregnant women ask for proof of pregnancy. This doesn't mean bringing the pregnancy test from home. You need a medical expert to provide proof of pregnancy

HOW TO APPLY FOR MEDICAID

3 Make an appointment when the Medicaid office calls you. Take in all

of the paperwork from step 2. They usually let you know that day if

you qualify.

Even if you think you may not qualify, if you are uninsured, apply anyway.

4Keep all medical bills from the pregnancy, before getting on Medicaid for

Pregnant Women. The state reimburses you for this. On the day of the

appointment, speak to the Medicaid worker about the past bills

http://www.ehow.com/how_5156636_apply-medicaid-pregnant-women.htmlht

WHAT FOODS SHOULD YOU AVOID DURING PREGNANCY

F

ish with Mercury

R

aw Shellfish

R

aw Eggs

W

hite Tuna

L

argemouth bass

h

ttp://www.americanpregnancy.org/pregnancyhealth/foodstoavoid.html

WHAT DRINKS SHOULD YOU AVOID DURING PREGNANCY

C

affeine(includes coffee, tea and soda)

A

lcohol

E

nergy Drinks

WHAT TYPE OF FOOD SHOULD PREGNANT WOMEN EAT?

A well-balanced diet should contain something from all the food groups: dairy products, fruit, vegetables, fish, meat, eggs, fat and carbohydrates. A pregnant woman needs to eat something from all these food groups every day in order to get the proper amounts of energy.

Approximately 10 per cent of calories should come from protein. Protein is mainly found in meat, fish, eggs, dairy products and beans.

Approximately 35 per cent of calories should come from fat, which is mainly found in butter, oils, margarine, dairy products and nuts.

Approximately 55 per cent of calories should come from carbohydrates, which are found in bread, pasta, potatoes, rice, corn and other grain products.

http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/health_advice/facts/pregnantdiet.htm

WHAT PREGNANT TYPE OF DRINK SHOULD WOMEN DRINK

Mineral water

Milk

Fruit Juice

Sport Drinks

http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/health_advice/facts/pregnantdiet.htm

What are prenatal vitaminsFor a mother's health, and the health of her baby, she is advised to take

"prenatal vitamins" during pregnancy. These are specially formulated

multivitamins that make up for any nutritional deficiencies in the mother's

diet. While the supplements contain numerous vitamins and minerals, their

folic acid, iron, and calcium content are especially important.

WHY?

Why do pregnant women need folic acid, iron and calcium?

Folic acid can reduce your risk of having a baby with a serious birth defect of the brain and spinal cord, called the ‘neural tube.’ A baby with spina bifida, the most common neural tube defect, is born with a spine that is not closed. The exposed nerves are damaged, leaving the child with varying degrees of paralysis, incontinence, and sometimes mental retardation.

http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/health_advice/facts/pregnantdiet.htm

WAYS TO STAY ACTIVE DURING PREGNANCY

W

alking

R

unning

H

iking

Y

oga

D

ancing

S

wimming

http://blogs.babycenter.com/life_and_home/7-ways-to-stay-active-during-pregnancy/

LABOR AND DELIVERY

NATURAL CHILD BIRTH

M

any women with low-risk pregnancies choose to go au natural to avoid

any possible risks that medications could pose for the mother or baby.

Pain medications can affect your labor — your blood pressure might

drop, your labor might slow down or speed up, you might become

nauseous, and you might feel a sense of lack of control.

B

ut many women choose natural childbirth to feel more in touch with the

birth experience and to deal with labor in a proactive manner.

h

ttp://kidshealth.org/parent/pregnancy_center/childbirth/natural_child

birth.html

WHAT IS A WATER BIRTH

I

magine your own personal pool, centered in a room filled

with soft light, your favorite scent wafting past as you

languish in its gentle warmth. The room is hushed with a

subtle sense of anticipation. You sigh and settle deeper

into the pool. This may not be the scene you picture

when visualizing natural childbirth, but it is the reality for

many women who are experiencing it.

h

ttp://www.givingbirthnaturally.com/waterbirth.html

THE HISTORY OF WATER BIRTH

W

hile water birth may appear to be a new trend, it has been practiced for

centuries around the globe, from Japan where women labored in the sea to

Finland where women delivered in saunas. In the US, it gained more

mainstream acknowledgment in the 1980s but its practice in traditional

medical settings has been waning in recent years.

Prior to this time in the West, women remained in a tub for short periods of

time, such as in the shower or bath as a way to increase their comfort in early

labour

WHAT IS A CESAREAN SECTION?

A

cesarean section, or c-section, is the delivery of a baby through a surgical

incision in the mother's abdomen and uterus. In certain circumstances, a c-

section is scheduled in advance. In others, it's done in response to an

unforeseen complication.

http://www.babycenter.com/0_giving-birth-by-cesarean-section_160.bc

WHAT IS A EPIDURAL

D

uring an epidural, painkilling drugs are passed into the small of your back via a

fine tube. It is a regional anaesthetic, so the drug is injected around the nerves

that carry signals from the part of your body that feels pain in labour, It will

numb your belly and provide you with very effective pain relief.

http://www.babycentre.co.uk/pregnancy/labourandbirth/painrelief/epidural/

CHILD CARE

WHY DOES MY CHILD NEED A CAR SEAT?

T

he short answer is that, in most states, it's the law. All 50 states require

that children up to 18 months of age ride in car seats, and most have

laws requiring car seats until a child is at least 3 years old. More

important, though, buckling your child into a car seat is an important

investment in his safety. Studies show that children who don't ride in

car seats are up to four times more likely to be seriously injured in a

car crash, even a parking lot fender-bender.

HOW TO INSTALL A CAR SEAT

S

tep 1: Check the vehicle seat-belt system to ensure that it meets safety requirements.

These requirements include lap belts that can be manually adjusted or belts that

automatically retract

S

tep 2: Choose placement for the safety seat. The infant seat should always face the

rear. Preferably, the car seat is placed in the middle section of the back bench seat. If

this is not an option, installing the seat behind the driver's seat is the next best

choice. Never place an infant seat in a place where there is an air-bag system.

h

ttp://www.livestrong.com/article/107085-install-graco-infant-carseat/

S

tep 3: Take the car seat out of the base before installation. This is done by lifting

the lever on the back portion of the seat itself and lifting it out of the base. Place

the base in the car facing the rear. The shoulder and lap belts should run through

the slots on the base. Do not twist belts. Secure, tighten and release any slack on

the safety belts.

S

tep 4: Use the metal clip provided with the seat to secure the lap and shoulder

belts together. The clip should be placed just above the seat belt buckle. Shake the

base to check security. It should feel stable and remain in place without slipping or

sliding in any direction.

S

tep 5: Retrieve the car seat and slide it into the base, pushing down until you hear a

click and it is locked into place. The Graco Infant Restraint/Carrier is ready for

travel with your baby.

WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF BREASTFEEDING

Breastfeeding is one of the most natural and beneficial acts a mother can do for

her child.  Dramatic health benefits have been proven to pass from mother to

child through breast milk   From antibodies which protect an infant at birth...to

the exclusive nutrients in mother's milk which have been shown to prevent a

number of childhood diseases...the benefits are incalculable.  There is no other

single action by which a mother can so impact the present and future health of

her baby.

http://www.motheringfromtheheart.com/Benefits.htm

BABY NEEDS

BottlesDiapers WipesClothingBibsTowels Wash clothsCrib

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES

Child's AgeMastered Skills (most

kids can do)Emerging Skills (half of

kids can do)Advanced Skills (a few

kids can do)

1 month

Lifts head when lying on tummyResponds to soundStares at faces

Follows objects briefly with eyesVocalizes: oohs and aahsCan see black-and-w patterns

Smiles, laughsHolds head at 45-degree angle

2 months

Vocalizes: gurgles and coosFollows objects across field of visionNotices his handsHolds head up for short periods

Smiles, laughsHolds head at 45-degree angleMakes smoother movements

Holds head steadyCan bear weight on legsLifts head and shoulders when lying on tummy (mini-pushup)

3 months

Recognizes your face and scentHolds head steadyVisually tracks moving objects

Squeals, gurgles, coosBlows bubblesRecognizes your voiceDoes mini-pushup

Rolls over,, from tummy to backTurns toward loud soundsCan bring hands together, bats at toys

                                                                                                                                                                   

4 monthsSmiles, laughsCan bear weight on legsCoos when you talk to him

Can grasp a toyRolls over, from tummy to back

Imitates sounds: "baba," "dada"Cuts first toothMay be ready for solid foods

5 monthsDistinguishes between bold colorsPlays with his hands and feet

Recognizes own nameTurns toward new soundsRolls over in both directions

Sits momentarily without supportMouths objectsSeparation anxiety may begin

6 months

Turns toward sounds and voicesImitates soundsRolls over in both directions

Is ready for solid foodsSits without supportMouths objectsPasses objects from hand to hand

Lunges forward or starts crawlingJabbers or combines syllablesDrags objects toward himself