ERFS Project Workshop Collaborating Centre : Anand Gujarat (Surendranagar district)

ERFS Project Workshop ERFS Project Workshop Collaborating Centre : AnandCollaborating Centre : Anand

Gujarat (Surendranagar Gujarat (Surendranagar district)district)

Dr. Vyas PandeyDr. Vyas Pandey

Department of Agricultural Department of Agricultural MeteorologyMeteorology

Anand Agricultural UniversityAnand Agricultural University

Anand, GujaratAnand, Gujarat

International Agriculture Risk Management workshop, ERFS Project, 27-30 April 2009

Dantiwada Agricultural University

Junagadh Agricultural University

Anand Agricultural University

Navsari Agricultural University

GUJARAT- Four Agricultural Universities

The B A College of Agriculture at Anand is the pioneer institute in the country in respect of operating academic and concurrent research programme in the area of Agricultural Meteorology since 1964 under guidance of Prof. P. D. Mistry.

On recommendations of National Commission on Agriculture in 1976, a full fledge Department of Agricultural Meteorology at Anand was setup by the ICAR in 1983.

The department was further strengthened in terms of manpower and infrastructure by funding through various schemes by ICAR/ DST/ISRO.

Department of Agricultural MeteorologyDepartment of Agricultural Meteorology

• Department of Agril MeteorologyDepartment of Agril Meteorology– Professor Professor (1)(1)– Associate Professor Associate Professor (1)(1)– Assistant Professor Assistant Professor (2)(2)

• B.A College EstablishmentB.A College Establishment– Professor Professor (1)(1)– Asst Professors Asst Professors (5) (Engg, Maths, Physics)(5) (Engg, Maths, Physics)

• AICRP on Agrometeorology (ICAR Research AICRP on Agrometeorology (ICAR Research Scheme)Scheme)– Associate Professor Associate Professor (1)(1)– AgronomistAgronomist (1)(1)

• Centre for Weather Forecasting and climate Centre for Weather Forecasting and climate changechange– Assistant Professor Assistant Professor (1)(1)

• Agromet Advisory Service (IMD)Agromet Advisory Service (IMD)– Asst. Professor Asst. Professor (1)(1)

Departmental set up and Faculty Departmental set up and Faculty PositionsPositions

Academic ProgrammesAcademic Programmes

(A)(A) Master's Degree Master's Degree Two academic years (FourTwo academic years (Four semesters)semesters)

(i) 35 credit hours (i) 35 credit hours ((major 15major 15 credits minimum, credits minimum, minor 9minor 9 credits credits minimum, a seminar of 1 credit)minimum, a seminar of 1 credit) plus credits of allied plus credits of allied and/or special problems other than pre-requisite and/or and/or special problems other than pre-requisite and/or supporting course, adjudged necessary by the Advisory supporting course, adjudged necessary by the Advisory Committee. Committee.

(ii) Research project of 15 credit.(ii) Research project of 15 credit.

(B) Ph.D Degree (B) Ph.D Degree Three Academic Years (Six semesters)Three Academic Years (Six semesters)

(1)(1) 25 credit hours (25 credit hours (major 10 creditsmajor 10 credits, , minor six creditsminor six credits, , seminar one credit in major and one in minor fieldseminar one credit in major and one in minor field) ) plus credits of allied and / or special problems. plus credits of allied and / or special problems.

(2)(2) Research project of 25 creditResearch project of 25 credit

PG Curriculum in PG Curriculum in Agricultural MeteorologyAgricultural Meteorology

Core Courses

Optional Courses

Supporting Courses

Core CoursesCore Courses Ag. Met.601 Fundamentals of meteorology 2+1 Ag. Met.602. Fundamentals of climatology 3+0 Ag. Met.603. Micrometeorology 2+1 Ag. Met.604 Agro meteorological instrumentation 1+2.

Optional CoursesOptional Courses

Ag. Met.701 Evapotranspiration 2+1 Ag. Met.702 Agroclimatic analysis 2+2 Ag. Met.703 Crop weather models 1+2 Ag. Met.704 Water budgeting and drought meteorology 2+1 Ag. Met.705 Applied agrometeorology 3+0Ag. Met.706 Weather and agriculture 2+1 Ag. Met.707 Hydrometeorology 2+1 Ag. Met.708 Weather modification 2+0 Ag. Met.709 Principles of Remote Sensing and its applications in agriculture 2+1Ag. Met.710 Air Pollution Meteorology 2+1Ag. Met.711 Mathematics in agriculture and biology 2+1Ag. Met.712 Animal and Farm House Meteorology 3+0

•Agroclimatic Resource characterization •Rainfall probability analysis•Evapotranspiration and irrigation scheduling•Water Balance and crop planning •Drought analysis •Crop Weather relationship•Crop growth simulation modelling•Impact of climate change on crop production•Development of Yield Prediction models•Micrometeorological studies•Weather- pest-disease relationship and forewarning•Application of remote sensing techniques in agriculture•Weather prediction and climate change/variability studies•Effect of air pollutants on crops

Research Problems undertaken in Research Problems undertaken in Agricultural MeteorologyAgricultural Meteorology

S.NoS.No Ongoing Research ProjectsOngoing Research Projects

1.1. AICRP on Agrometeorology of AICRP on Agrometeorology of ICARICAR

2.2. Agro Advisory Services of Agro Advisory Services of IMDIMD

3.3. Application of Remote sensing techniques in agriculture Application of Remote sensing techniques in agriculture (GoG)(GoG)

4.4. Centre for weather forecasting and climate change Centre for weather forecasting and climate change (GoG)(GoG)

5.5. FASAL Technique development for parameter retrieval and crop FASAL Technique development for parameter retrieval and crop growth simulation growth simulation Ad-hoc project funded by ISROAd-hoc project funded by ISRO

6.6. Multi-angular Remote sensing for assessing crop growth Multi-angular Remote sensing for assessing crop growth Ad-hoc project funded by ISROAd-hoc project funded by ISRO

7.7. Weather forecast for Gujarat using regional climate modelWeather forecast for Gujarat using regional climate model((New ProjectNew Project) ) Ad-hoc project funded by ISROAd-hoc project funded by ISRO

8.8. Air Pollution and its effect on crop growth Ad-hoc project funded by DSTAd-hoc project funded by DST

9.9. Application of extended range forecast for climate risk Application of extended range forecast for climate risk management in agriculture in Gujarat. management in agriculture in Gujarat. (New Project(New Project ) )((Multi-institutional projectMulti-institutional project IIT,Delhi, IRI USA, IMD, DAC, DelhiIIT,Delhi, IRI USA, IMD, DAC, Delhi))

Other ActivitiesOther Activities

Agromet data bank of 30 stationsAgromet data bank of 30 stations 14 AWS with satellite communication link14 AWS with satellite communication link Soil health card programmeSoil health card programme Extension activitiesExtension activities Climate change awareness programmeClimate change awareness programme Earth day celebrationEarth day celebration Association of Agrometeorologists- Association of Agrometeorologists-

Journal of AgrometeorologyJournal of Agrometeorology

ERFS Project – ERFS Project – SurendranagarSurendranagar

GUJARAT DISTRICT MAP

SURENDRANAGAR

Surendranagar Talukas

LocationLocation 22.43 N Latitude and 71.43 E Longitude22.43 N Latitude and 71.43 E Longitude

Geographical AreaGeographical Area 10436.30 Sq. Meter10436.30 Sq. Meter

PopulationPopulation 15151471515147

LiteracyLiteracy 62.46%62.46%

VillagesVillages 651651

TalukaTaluka 1010

Urban AreaUrban Area 77

Major TownMajor Town Wadhwan, Limbdi, Dhrangdhra, Halwad, Wadhwan, Limbdi, Dhrangdhra, Halwad, Chotila, Muli, Than (Thangadh), LakhtarChotila, Muli, Than (Thangadh), Lakhtar

Main BusinessMain Business Cotton, Bearing, Pharmaceutical, Cotton, Bearing, Pharmaceutical, Engineering, Ceramic, Salt Production.Engineering, Ceramic, Salt Production.

Nearest Railway Nearest Railway Station Station SurendranagarSurendranagar

Nearest Bus StationNearest Bus Station SurendranagarSurendranagar

Nearest AirportNearest Airport Ahmedabad, RajkotAhmedabad, Rajkot

Vulnerability Vulnerability

Drought prone areas & arid areas forms more then 50 % of District

Soil erosion is increasing due to advancement of Desert land, Deforestation

Depletion Of Water Table Sea Water Ingress Deterioration of Soil and Water conditions due to salinity

ingress Irregular rainfall affecting productivity in agriculture Agriculture affected due to recurrent drought Inadequate Fodder Resource Inadequate trained human resource for modern agricultural

research and education

Source: Gujarat Institute of Disaster Management, ,Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority, Government of Gujarat

During last 15 years :

a) Reduction in quantity of ground water by 26%

b) Water table going down by almost 3 m every year

c) 27% of villages have water quality problems – excess fluoride & nitrate

d) Recurrence of drought every three years


DROUGHTDROUGHT DROUGHTDROUGHT

Originates from deficiency of precipitation Originates from deficiency of precipitation resulting in water shortages for human, resulting in water shortages for human, cattle and agricultural consumptioncattle and agricultural consumption

16 % of District’s total area is drought prone16 % of District’s total area is drought prone 68% of total sown area can be drought 68% of total sown area can be drought

affectedaffected 50 000 people are expected to be annually 50 000 people are expected to be annually

affected.affected.

Originates from deficiency of precipitation Originates from deficiency of precipitation resulting in water shortages for human, resulting in water shortages for human, cattle and agricultural consumptioncattle and agricultural consumption

16 % of District’s total area is drought prone16 % of District’s total area is drought prone 68% of total sown area can be drought 68% of total sown area can be drought

affectedaffected 50 000 people are expected to be annually 50 000 people are expected to be annually

affected.affected.


IMPACT OF DROUGHTIMPACT OF DROUGHTIMPACT OF DROUGHTIMPACT OF DROUGHT Actual impact and vulnerability may be Actual impact and vulnerability may be

quite different depending on the soils, quite different depending on the soils, irrigation, infrastructure, crop types and irrigation, infrastructure, crop types and socio-economic factors like backwardness socio-economic factors like backwardness of the people, poverty, size of land of the people, poverty, size of land holdings, rural industries of the area and holdings, rural industries of the area and access to other inputs.access to other inputs.

EconomicEconomic EnvironmentEnvironment SocialSocial


Drought - Spread in SurendranagarDrought - Spread in SurendranagarDrought - Spread in SurendranagarDrought - Spread in Surendranagar

Average Rainfall of Surendranagar is 550 mm Average Rainfall of Surendranagar is 550 mm which varies from 200 mm to 900 mm in the which varies from 200 mm to 900 mm in the District.District.

Due to agro-climatic diversity, there are Due to agro-climatic diversity, there are extreme climatic conditions in Surendranagar.extreme climatic conditions in Surendranagar.

Once in every 3 year, there is drought in Once in every 3 year, there is drought in Surendranagar.Surendranagar.

The drought was declared in the years 1985, The drought was declared in the years 1985, 1986, 1987, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 1986, 1987, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003.2003.

In Surendranagar, many parts are affected by In Surendranagar, many parts are affected by Hydrological Drought.Hydrological Drought.


Specific Problems of Surendranagar

Because of excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides farmer faces problem of yield reduction in crop.

Water availability is a major problem, If water available, then they are ready for cotton crop only.

Increase in ground water salinity is main problem faced by Surendranagar farmers in Sayla, Limbadi, Halvad, Muli and Wadhvan Talukas.

Non-availability of power supply in certain areas is a severe problem (at present). Farmers are not interested in cotton crop (farming) but compelled to undertake the same due to pressing economic reasons.


The major food crops in the Surendranagar are Rice, Wheat, Jowar, Bajra, Maize, Tur, Gram,

Groundnut while major non food crops are Cotton, Tobacco.

In the year 2004-05, the gross cropped area and net cropped area were reported to be 7.341 lakh ha. , the total net area irrigated was 1.528 lakh ha. in the District.

The production of total cotton during the year 2007-08 was estimated at 11.699 lakh bales. The production of cotton and total oil seeds was at 8.72 lakh bales (each of 100 kgs.) and 9.833 lakh tones during the year 2005-06 respectively.

As per triennium average ending the year 2007-08, the production of the total food grains, cotton and total oilseeds was estimated to be 46.78 lakh tones, 11.699 lakh bales (each of 100 kg.).

Source: Agriculture & co-operative department Government of Gujarat

CropCrop CROP CALENDARCROP CALENDAR

SowingSowing Max. veg StageMax. veg Stage HarvestingHarvesting

Cotton (Irri) Hybrid Var.Cotton (Irri) Hybrid Var. On set of MonsoonOn set of Monsoon SeptemberSeptember Last week Dec. to 1Last week Dec. to 1stst week week Jan.Jan.

Cotton Deshi Var.Cotton Deshi Var. On set of MonsoonOn set of Monsoon 1515thth Oct-15 Oct-15thth Nov. Nov. 11stst Jan–30 Jan–30thth Feb Feb

BajariBajari On set of MonsoonOn set of Monsoon AugustAugust 11stst -15 -15thth Oct Oct

JowarJowar On set of MonsoonOn set of Monsoon AugustAugust 11stst -15 -15thth Oct Oct

Groundnut (Bunch)Groundnut (Bunch) On set of MonsoonOn set of Monsoon AugustAugust 3131stst Oct Oct

Groundnut (Spreading)Groundnut (Spreading) On set of MonsoonOn set of Monsoon AugustAugust 1010thth Nov Nov

WheatWheat 1515thth Octo-15 Octo-15thth Nov. Nov. 1515thth Jan.-15 Jan.-15thth Feb. Feb. 11stst –20 –20thth march march

MustardMustard Middle of Oct.Middle of Oct. 1515thth Dec-15 Dec-15thth Jan Jan Middle of Feb.Middle of Feb.

Castor (hybrid)Castor (hybrid) 1515thth July July Nov-DecNov-Dec Feb.-MarchFeb.-March

Bidi Tobacco Bidi Tobacco (Transplanted)(Transplanted)

1515thth August August JanuaryJanuary Last week Feb. 1Last week Feb. 1stst week of week of MarchMarch

FennelFennel Middle of AugustMiddle of August JanuaryJanuary Feb.Feb.

ChilliesChillies 11stst – 30 – 30thth August August Before peakingBefore peaking Feb.Feb.

Paddy (Transplanted)Paddy (Transplanted) 1515thth July to 15 July to 15thth AugustAugust

SeptemberSeptember Last week of Oct. to 1Last week of Oct. to 1stst week of Nov.week of Nov.

CLASSIFICATION OF SURENDRANAGAR LAND USAGE

Total land held by Operational Holders 7.341 lakh hectors

Actual cultivated area 7.043 lakh hectors

Total cultivated area 7.043 lakh hectors

Area under irrigationIrrigation Potential through canal irrigation: 1.359lakh ha.

With Sardar Sarovar Dam: 3.41 lakh ha.

No. of Check dams & Boribands constructed: 500

No. of Farm Ponds created: 1370

No. of Village Ponds deepened: 308

A major Watershed Programme under implementation

AGRICULTURAL AT GLANCE …..

LAND USAGE & IRRIGATIONLAND USAGE & IRRIGATION

Source: Agriculture & co-oprative department Government of Gujarat

SAMI

MORVI

LIMBDI

DHANDHUKA

DHOLKAMULI

DASADA

KADI

JASDAN

VIRAMGAM

HALVAD

PATAN

MALIYA

SAYLA

MAHUVA

SAVLI

VAGRA

RAJKOT

GONDAL

NANDOD

CHOTILA

TALAJA

SIHOR

VIJAPUR

BOTAD

JAMBUSAR

UPLETA

KHERALU

SANAND

WANKANER

DEDIAPADA

GADHADA

JETPUR

DHRANGADHRA

VALIA

BHAVANAGAR

JHAGADIA

DABHOI

LAKHTAR

PADRA

CHANASMA

SIDHPUR

PALITANA

CHHOTA UDAIPUR

WADHWAN

KALOL

KARJANAMOD

MAHESANA

HARIJ

DEHGAM

SANKHEDA

DASKROI

BHARUCH

PADDHARI

VADODARA

NASVADI

JETPUR - PAVI

DHORAJI

UMRALA

VISNAGAR

SINOR

GHOGHA

GANDHINAGAR

VALLABHIPUR

SAGBARAHANSOT

VAGHAGODIA

LODHIKA

GARIADHAR

JAMKANDORNA

ANKLESVAR

TILAKWADAKOTADA SANGANI

AHMADABAD-CITY

KUNDLA

Percentage of GA for Irrigated Cotton0 - 2.9922.992 - 6.936.93 - 12.40112.401 - 23.87423.874 - 40.206

District Boundary

MAP SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OFIRRIGATED COTTON CROP AS PERCEN OFGEOGRAPHICAL AREA AT TALUKA LEVEL

(Average of 1998-99 to 2000-01)8

DISTRIBUTION OF IRRIGATED COTTON CROP AS A PERCENTAGE OF GEOGRAPHICAL AREA AT TALUKA LEVEL

(MEAN OF 1998-99 TO 2000-08

SAMI

MORVI

LIMBDI

DHANDHUKA

DHOLKAMULI

DASADA

KADI

JASDAN

VIRAMGAM

HALVAD

PATAN

MALIYA

SAYLA

MAHUVA

SAVLI

VAGRA

RAJKOT

GONDAL

NANDOD

CHOTILA

TALAJA

SIHOR

VIJAPUR

BOTAD

JAMBUSAR

UPLETA

KHERALU

SANAND

WANKANER

DEDIAPADA

GADHADA

JETPUR

DHRANGADHRA

VALIA

BHAVANAGAR

JHAGADIA

DABHOI

LAKHTAR

PADRA

CHANASMA

SIDHPUR

PALITANA

CHHOTA UDAIPUR

WADHWAN

KALOL

KARJANAMOD

MAHESANA

HARIJ

DEHGAM

SANKHEDA

DASKROI

BHARUCH

PADDHARI

VADODARA

NASVADI

JETPUR - PAVI

DHORAJI

UMRALA

VISNAGAR

SINOR

GHOGHA

GANDHINAGAR

VALLABHIPUR

SAGBARAHANSOT

VAGHAGODIA

LODHIKA

GARIADHAR

JAMKANDORNA

ANKLESVAR

TILAKWADAKOTADA SANGANI

AHMADABAD-CITY

KUNDLA

Percentage of GA for Unirrigated Cotton0 - 3.6873.687 - 10.9710.97 - 20.93220.932 - 33.5133.51 - 58.658

District Boundary

MAP SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OFUNIRRIGATED COTTON CROP AS PERCEN OF

GEOGRAPHICAL AREA AT TALUKA LEVEL(Average of 1998-99 to 2000-01)

DISTRIBUTION OF UNIRRIGATED COTTON CROP AS A PERCENTAGE OF GEOGRAPHICAL AREA AT TALUKA LEVEL

(MEAN OF 1998-99 TO 2000-08)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

YEAR

Yield-irr (KG/HA)

Yield-uni (KG/HA)

Fyld_irr (KG/HA)

Fyld_uni (KG/HA)

Source: Agriculture & co-operative department Government of Gujarat

Irrigated land and Un irrigated Land Cotton area and yield

COTTON YIELD PREDICTIONCOTTON YIELD PREDICTION

Cotton yield prediction models were developed for Cotton yield prediction models were developed for Ahmedabad , Mehasana, Surendranagar, Rajkot, Ahmedabad , Mehasana, Surendranagar, Rajkot, Junagadh, Amreli, Bhavnagar and Bharuch districts.Junagadh, Amreli, Bhavnagar and Bharuch districts.

The available daily weather data (Rainfall, maximum The available daily weather data (Rainfall, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity, wind temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and bright sunshine hours) obtained from speed and bright sunshine hours) obtained from Agrometeorological observatory situated in each district Agrometeorological observatory situated in each district was used to calculate weekly/fortnightly/monthly or crop was used to calculate weekly/fortnightly/monthly or crop stage wise.stage wise.

Regression models were developed and best model was Regression models were developed and best model was selected having maximum Rselected having maximum R22 values. values.

These models were used to predict the cotton yield for year These models were used to predict the cotton yield for year 2008-09.2008-09.

Validation of Cotton model for Surendranagar

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

90 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 20 01 02 03 06 07 08

Year

Yie

ld k

g/ha

Observed Estimated

Y = 1091.346- 0.022 x July RF – 23.323 x SEP RH1 + 4.850 x OCT RH1

R2 = 0.84

Validation of cotton yield model for Ahmedabad

0

200

400

600

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007

Year

Yie

ld k

g/ha

Observed Estimated

Y = -106.53-39.504 x AUG TMAX + 0.385 x JUL RAIN + 62.077 x AUG TMIN

R2 = 0.67

Validation of cotton yield model for Amreli

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Year

Yie

ld k

g/h

a

Observed Estimated

Y = -220.894 + 21.734 x NOV RH1- 14.823 x JUN RH2R2 = 0.66

, Amreli, Gujarat

AGRICULTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE AGRICULTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ORGANISATIONSAGRICULTURAL MARKETING ORGANISATIONSAGRICULTURAL MARKETING ORGANISATIONSAGRICULTURAL MARKETING ORGANISATIONS

No. of APMCs:No. of APMCs: 200200

No. of Market Yards:No. of Market Yards: 401401

Agro-Processing Units:Agro-Processing Units: Major units consists of Cotton Ginning, Oil Major units consists of Cotton Ginning, Oil Mills (Groundnut, Soybean, Castor), Rice & Mills (Groundnut, Soybean, Castor), Rice & Pulse Mills, Tobacco, Sugar Mills, Spices Pulse Mills, Tobacco, Sugar Mills, Spices (Dehydration units of Onion & Garlic) are (Dehydration units of Onion & Garlic) are prominent prominent

Major Ports:Major Ports: Kandala, Mundra, PipavavKandala, Mundra, Pipavav

Roads & Transport:Roads & Transport: Good transport facilities with roads up to Good transport facilities with roads up to village levelvillage level

Communication:Communication:

Special Yard in view of WTOSpecial Yard in view of WTO

Good communication facilities up to village Good communication facilities up to village level. Internet facilities up to block levellevel. Internet facilities up to block level

4-Special Yards 4-Special Yards COTTON,TOBBACO,SPICES,and COTTON,TOBBACO,SPICES,and GROUNDNUTSGROUNDNUTS

ADVANTAGE SURENDRANAGARADVANTAGE SURENDRANAGARADVANTAGE SURENDRANAGARADVANTAGE SURENDRANAGAR

Diversified Crops and Cropping systems Climatic diversities Biodiversities Good transport facilities -- Situated near by

PORTS & AIRPORTS Strong Agri Marketing system, Agro based

Industries & Co-operatives Enterprising Farmers having business

instincts Geographical Location

Source: Agriculture & co-oprative department Government of Gujarat

ERFS Project Workshop Collaborating Centre : Anand Gujarat (Surendranagar district)

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