Equity and the Law of Trusts · 2019-09-16 · 5 Sham trusts 243 6 Illusory trusts 245 13...
Transcript of Equity and the Law of Trusts · 2019-09-16 · 5 Sham trusts 243 6 Illusory trusts 245 13...
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Equity and the Law of Trusts
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Equity and the Law of Trusts
Twelft h Edition
philip h pettit maof the Middle Temple, Barrister
Emeritus Professor of Equity, Universities of Bristol and Buckingham
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3Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP,
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Preface
I began the preface to the previous edition by saying that the single major task in preparing that edition had been to make the considerable revisions necessary as a consequence of the provisions of the Charities Act 2006. Most of that Act has now been repealed by the Charities Act 2011 which repealed (as will be noted in the text) in whole or in part several other charity statutes. It has carried out a useful consolidation of the statutory law, but has made little change of substance.
An addendum to the previous preface noted that the Perpetuities and Accumulations Bill had received a fi rst reading in the House of Lords. It duly became an Act in 2009 and is referred to in the text where necessary. One way in which it amended the law was by pro-viding that for the future the perpetuity period was to be 125 years and no other period.
Until the relevant provisions of the Equality Act 2010 came into force the position in re-lation to discrimination by charities was governed by the provisions of the Race Relations Act 1976 and the Sex Discrimination Act 1975. Both these Acts were repealed by the 2010 Act, which in general applies to charities, but there are some special provisions which apply only to them. One important provision of the 2010 Act in relation to trusts has not yet been brought into force, namely the abolition of the presumption of advancement: this is discussed in Chapter 9.
Th e Trusts (Capital and Income) Bill, based on a Law Commission recommendation, received its fi rst reading a few days before I was due to return the proofs. It is uncontrover-sial and likely to become law in its present form. I have therefore noted it in the text, also noting that some of its provisions have limited retrospective eff ect.
Th e Law Commission Report which deals with illegality in trusts has not yet received a Government response. I have therefore merely noted its existence in the text, but have summarized its provisions in an appendix.
Notable cases which called for signifi cant rewriting of the relevant areas include Jones v Kernott (discussed p 193 et seq) where the Supreme Court put beyond all possibility of doubt the validity of the approach of the House of Lords in Stack v Dowden to the rights of the parties to the family home under a common intention constructive trust; Pitt v Holt (discussed p 488 et seq) where Lloyd LJ in eff ect overturned the so-called rule in Re Hastings-Bass which he himself had lucidly explained in Sieff v Fox when he had been sit-ting as a High Court judge and was bound by precedent. His statement of the law in that case, which he now held was not correct, had subsequently been applied in numerous cases; Th e Independent Schools Council v Th e Charity Commission for England and Wales (discussed p 283 et seq) where the Upper Tribunal gave detailed consideration to the re-quirement of public benefi t in relation to the technical legal meaning of charity. Th ough the Tribunal said that they were dealing with the question in the context of a trust for the advancement of education, it is thought that much of what was said is of more general application; Sinclair Investments (UK) Ltd v Versailles Trade Finance Ltd (in administra-tive receivership) which reasserted the authority of Lister v Stubbs aft er the doubts as to its correctness raised by the Privy Council in A-G for Hong Kong v Reid; and Th orner v Major where their Lordships clarifi ed the principles of proprietary estoppel and where Lord Walker dismissed the suggestion that had been made by some commentators that its
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vi Preface
earlier decision in Yeoman’s Row Management Ltd v Cobbe had ‘severely curtailed, or even extinguished the doctrine’.
Other new cases have, of course, been duly incorporated and appropriate amendments made. Th e opportunity has been taken to slightly enlarge the discussion of some topics—for example the need for certainty; the principles established in Milroy v Lord; the rule in Strong v Bird; the Quistclose trust; and sections 31 and 32 of the Trustee Act 1925, noting the relevant Law Commission recommendations; and to reduce the discussion of others—for example the administration of charities and the equitable rules of apportionment. Th e injunction has once again proved a lively area and there has been some rearrangement of the material and a new section on super-injunctions.
It is forty-six years since I published the fi rst edition of this book, and the time has come, as the phrase goes, for me to lay down my pen—or perhaps I should say, abandon my com-puter. I hope that all my readers will fi nd this edition to be a helpful exposition of the law, and in particular, that it will assist my undergraduate readers in preparing for their exams, and will continue to be found of value by them in their future careers.
I would like to thank all those in the OUP with whom I had contact for their helpfulness, at all stages, and in particular for their sympathetic response when I was unable to meet the original deadline for submission because of illness.
Th e law is stated on the basis of material available to me on 24 May 2012.
Philip H PettitMay 2012
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Contents
Preface vTable of Cases xvTable of Statutes lxxviiTables of Secondary European and International Legislation xciAbbreviations xciii
1 History of the Court of Chancery and Introduction to Equity 11 History of the Court of Chancery 2
2 Jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery 5
3 Fusion of the administration of law and equity 8
4 Uses and trusts 12
5 Equitable interests and equities 20
6 Th e maxims of equity 25
7 Trusts and taxation 28
8 Trusts and the confl ict of laws 29
2 The Trust Concept 301 Trust and bailment 31
2 Trust and contract 31
3 Trust and agency 32
4 Trusts and powers 33
5 Trusts and the administration of estates of deceased persons 39
6 Trust and restitution 43
3 The Essentials of a Trust 451 Capacity of settlor and benefi ciaries 45
2 Th e three certainties 48
3 Th e benefi ciary principle 59
4 Trusts for the benefi t of unincorporated associations 63
4 Classification and Juristic Nature of Trusts 671 Classifi cation 68
2 Discretionary and protective trusts 78
3 Nature of a trust 84
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5 Formal Requirements of Express Trusts 871 Inter vivos transactions 872 Th e creation of trusts and the disposition of equitable interests by will 100
6 Completely and Incompletely Constituted Trusts 1011 Th e perfect creation of a trust 102
2 Th e position of a volunteer 108
3 Trusts of a chose in action 113
4 Trusts of the benefi t of a contract and volunteers 118
5 Trusts of future property 120
6 Exceptions to the maxim that ‘equity will not assist a volunteer’ 121
7 Secret Trusts and Mutual Wills 1301 Fully secret and half-secret trusts 130
2 Mutual wills 138
8 Constructive Trusts 1421 Th e rule in Keech v Sandford 1422 Obligation to account as a constructive trustee for profi ts
received by virtue of his position as trustee 144
3 Strangers to the trust 153
4 Th e vendor under a contract for the sale of land 168
5 Undertaking by purchaser 169
6 Executor de son tort 171
9 Resulting Trusts 1721 Failure to dispose of the equitable interest 172
2 Transfer into and purchase in the name of another, and related cases 180
10 Common Intention Constructive Trusts; Proprietary Estoppel; Licences 1931 Common intention constructive trust 193
2 Proprietary estoppel 206
3 Th e Pallant v Morgan equity 2194 Licences 221
11 Unlawful Trusts 2251 Trusts that off end against the rule against perpetuities 225
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Contents ix
2 Trusts that off end against the rule against perpetual trusts 226
3 Th e eff ect of declaring a trust void as off ending against the policy of the law 226
4 Trusts tending to prevent the carrying out of parental duties 228
5 Trusts designed or tending to induce a future separation of husband and wife 229
6 Trusts in restraint of marriage 230
7 Trusts that are not merely unlawful, but also fraudulent 232
8 Law Commission Report 320 236
12 Voidable Trusts 2371 Transactions at an undervalue 237
2 Transactions defrauding creditors 240
3 Voluntary settlement of land followed by conveyance for valuable consideration 242
4 Provisions for protection of spouse or civil partner and family 242
5 Sham trusts 243
6 Illusory trusts 245
13 Charitable Trusts 2481 Diff erence between charitable and non-charitable trusts 249
2 Th e legal meaning of ‘charity’ 258
3 Designated descriptions of charitable purposes 262
4 Recreational charities 278
5 Trusts that have been held not to be charitable 280
6 Th e Requirement of Public Benefi t 283
7 Exceptions to the Requirement of Public Benefi t 292
14 The Administration of Charities 2951 Scope of the regulatory provisions of the Charities Act 2011 296
2 Legal framework of charity 297
3 Charity trustees and other persons and bodies responsible for the running of charities 299
4 Persons and bodies responsible for the regulation and control of charities 307
5 Registration of charities 324
6 Charity accounts, audit, annual reports, and annual returns 327
7 Schemes 330
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8 Th e cy-près doctrine 334
9 Statutory powers of unincorporated charities 347
10 Merger of charities 350
11 Discrimination 351
12 Dispositions of charity land 352
13 Control of fund-raising for charitable institutions 354
15 Trustees 3581 Appointment of trustees 358
2 Vesting of the trust property 379
3 Termination of trusteeship 381
4 Special kinds of trustee 388
16 Duties of Trustees 3961 Duties on the acceptance of the trust 398
2 Statutory ‘duty of care’ 400
3 Duty of trustees to act unanimously 401
4 Duties in relation to information, accounts, and audit 403
5 Duty of trustees to hand over the trust funds to the right persons 406
6 Duties where benefi ciary is solely and benefi cially entitled 410
7 Rights and liabilities in relation to strangers to the trust 413
17 The Investment of Trust Funds 4151 Non-fi nancial considerations 416
2 Express power of investment 418
3 Th e statutory power under the Trustee Act 2000 420
4 Acquisition of land 424
5 Trustees holding a controlling interest in a company 425
6 Settled land and land held upon a trust of land 426
7 Personal representatives 426
8 Alteration of power of investment 427
9 Claims by benefi ciaries in relation to the investment of trust funds 427
10 Occupational pension schemes established under a trust 428
18 Evenhandedness as Between the Beneficiaries 4291 Th e rules of apportionment 429
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2 Classifi cation of corporate receipts 433
3 Allocation of expenditure 434
4 Confl ict of interests of benefi ciaries under separate trusts 435
19 The Fiduciary Nature of Trusteeship 4361 Trustee as fi duciary 436
2 Duty to act without remuneration 437
3 Disabilities of trustee relating to purchase of trust property or equitable interest 442
20 Appointment of Agents, Nominees, and Custodians—Delegation of Trusts 4471 Th e equitable rules as to delegation 447
2 Part IV of the Trustee Act 2000 448
3 Delegation by power of attorney under s 25 of the Trustee Act 1925, as substituted by s 5(1) of the Trustee Delegation Act 1999 453
4 Delegation under the Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996 455
5 Delegation under s 1 of the Trustee Delegation Act 1999 456
6 Attorney acting for a trustee and the ‘two-trustee’ rule 457
21 Powers of Trustees 4581 Power of sale 458
2 Power to give receipts 460
3 Power to insure 460
4 Power to compound liabilities 462
5 Powers in relation to reversionary interests 464
6 Power of maintenance of minors 464
7 Power of advancement 470
8 Right to reimbursement for costs and expenses 475
9 Trustees of land 481
10 Applications to the court 482
11 Control of trustee’s powers 485
22 Variation of Trusts 4921 Exceptions under the inherent jurisdiction 492
2 Statutory exceptions to duty not to deviate from the terms of the trust 494
3 Th e Variation of Trusts Act 1958 499
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23 Breach of Trust 5081 Personal liability of trustees to benefi ciaries 508
2 Liability of trustees inter se 5183 Defences of a trustee to proceedings for breach of trust 519
4 Criminal liability of trustees 534
24 Following and Tracing 5351 Following and tracing at common law 537
2 Tracing in equity 540
3 Th e claims in personam 549
25 Injunctions I—Nature; Damages in Lieu; Enforcement 5521 Meaning and nature of an injunction 552
2 Classifi cation of injunctions 557
3 Damages in lieu of an injunction 564
4 Enforcement of an injunction 572
26 Injunctions II—Principles Governing Grant of Injunctions 5781 Interim injunctions 578
2 Perpetual injunctions 593
3 Particular factors which may defeat a claim for an injunction 596
27 Injunctions III—Injunctions in Particular Types of Case 6031 To restrain a breach of contract 603
2 To restrain legal proceedings 610
3 To protect membership of clubs, trade unions, and other unincorporated bodies 611
4 To restrain the commission or repetition of a tort 612
5 To protect copyright, patent rights, and trade marks 613
6 To restrain a breach of confi dence 613
7 To protect public rights 620
8 To restrain a breach of trust 623
9 In matrimonial and other family matters 624
10 In Company matters 624
11 Freezing injunctions and search orders 625
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28 Specific Performance 6491 Nature of the remedy of specifi c performance 649
2 Grounds on which specifi c performance may be refused 653
3 Defences to an action for specifi c performance 667
29 Other Equitable Remedies 6761 Th e appointment of a receiver, or receiver and manager 676
2 Account 688
3 Rescission 690
4 Rectifi cation of documents 701
5 Delivery up and cancellation of documents 711
6 Ne exeat regno 7127 Setting aside a judgment obtained by fraud 713
8 Setting aside a deed for mistake 714
Appendix 717Glossary 720Index 723
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Table of Cases
A3 Style Ltd v Goss (1990), CA . . . 6394 ENG Ltd v Harper (2009) . . . 240A v A (2007) . . . 244, 245A v B (a company) (2002) . . . 618A v C (1980) . . . 627, 637A v C (No 2) (1981) . . . 633A Bank v A Bank Ltd (Serious Fraud Offi ce,
Interested Party) (2000) . . . 167AEG Unit Trust (Managers) Ltd’s Deed, Re,
Midland Bank Executor and Trustee Co Ltd v AEG Unit Trust (Managers) Ltd (1957) . . . 411
AITC Foundation, Re (2005) . . . 262ALG Inc v Uganda Airlines Corpn
(1992) . . . 630AMEC Group Ltd v Universal Steels (Scotland)
Ltd (2009) . . . 589AMP (UK) plc v Barker (2001) . . . 709AN v Barclays Private Bank & Trust (Cayman)
Ltd (2007) . . . 483ARMS (Multiple Sclerosis Research) Ltd, Re,
Alleyne v A-G (1996) . . . 344Aaron’s Reefs Ltd v Twiss (1896), HL . . . 667Aas v Benham (1891), CA . . . 145Abbeyfi eld (Harpenden) Society Ltd v Woods
(1968), CA . . . 222Abbott Fund Trusts, Re, Smith v Abbott
(1900) . . . 176Aberdeen Railway Co v Blaikie Bros
(1854) . . . 443Aberdeen Town Council v Aberdeen University
(1877), HL . . . 145, 444Aberfoyle Plantations Ltd v Cheng (1960),
PC . . . 672Abergavenny’s (Marquis) Estate Act Trusts, Re,
Marquis of Abergavenny v Ram (1981) . . . 474Abernethy v Hutchinson (1825) . . . 614Abidin Daver, Th e (1984), HL . . . 579Abigail v Lapin (1934), HL . . . 24Aboriginal Development Commission v Treka
Aboriginal Arts and Craft s Ltd (1984) . . . 77Abou-Rahman v Abacha (2006) . . . 150, 153,
162, 166Abrahams, Re, Abrahams v Bendon
(1911) . . . 467Abrahams v Abrahams’ Trustee in Bankruptcy
(1999) . . . 51, 180
Abrahams’ Will Trusts, Re, Caplan v Abrahams (1969) . . . 473
Abram Steamship Co Ltd v Westville Shipping Co Ltd (1923) . . . 691
Achilli v Tovell (1927) . . . 605Acrow (Automation) Ltd v Rex Chainbelt Inc
(1971), CA . . . 575, 612Acton v Woodgate (1833) . . . 245Adam v Newbigging. See Newbigging v AdamAdam & Co International Trustees Ltd v
Th eodore Goddard (2000) . . . 361, 384Adam Phones Ltd v Goldschmidt (1999) . . . 574Adams and Kensington Vestry, Re
(1884),CA . . . 50Adams’ Trust, Re (1879) . . . 362Adderley v Dixon (1824) . . . 653Adekunle v Ritchie (2007) . . . 194Adlard, Re, Taylor v Adlard (1954) . . . 111, 120Admiral Shipping YJS A/S v Portlink Ferries Ltd
(1984), CA . . . 629Adnitt v Hands (1887), DC . . . 246Advocate (Lord) v Scotsman Publications Ltd
(1989) . . . 619Affl eck v Newcastle Mind (1999), EAT . . . 299Agip (Africa) Ltd v Jackson (1990); aff d (1991),
CA . . . 154, 156, 157, 158, 536, 537, 538, 540, 547, 549
Agip SpA v Navigazione Alta Italia SpA, Th e Nai Genova and Nai Superba (1984), CA . . . 707
Agnew v Belfast Banking Co (1896), CA . . . 124Agrabele, Th e. See Gebr Van Weelde
Scheepvaart Kantoor BV v Homeric Marine Services Ltd, Th e Agrabele
Agricultural Mortgage Corpn plc v Woodward (1994), CA . . . 240
Aid/Watch Incorporated v Commissioner of Taxation of the Commonwealth of Australia (2010) . . . 280
Ailion v Spiekermann (1976) . . . 653Ailyan and Fry (trustees in bankruptcy of Kevin
Foster) v Smith (2010) . . . 238Ainsworth v Bentley (1866) . . . 597Ainsworth, Re, Finch v Smith (1915) . . . 525Air Canada v M & L Travel Ltd (1993) . . . 52Air Jamaica Ltd v Charlton (1999), PC . . . 19Akeroyd’s Settlement, Re, Roberts v Akeroyd
(1893), CA . . . 174Al-Fayed v Th e Observer Ltd (1986) . . . 590
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xvi Table of Cases
Al Nahkel for Contracting and Trading Ltd v Lowe (1986) . . . 713
Albert (Prince) v Strange (1849) . . . 614Aldhous, Re, Noble v Treasury Solicitor
(1955) . . . 408Alexander v Standard Telephones and Cables plc
(1990) . . . 660Ali v Khan (2002) . . . 182Ali v Naseem (2003) . . . 713Alimand Computer Systems v Radcliff es & Co
(1991) . . . 145Allcard v Skinner (1887) . . . 693, 696Allen v Distillers Co (Biochemicals) Ltd
(1974) . . . 484, 506Allen v Gulf Oil Refi ning Ltd (1980), CA, revsd
(1981), HL . . . 570Allen v Jackson (1875), CA . . . 231Allen v Jambo Holdings Ltd (1980), CA . . . 632,
642Allen v Rochdale Borough Council (1999),
CA . . . 69Allen v Snyder (1977), CA . . . 6Allen-Meyrick’s Will Trusts, Re, Mangnall v
Allen-Meyrick (1966) . . . 81, 484Allhusen v Whitell (1867) . . . 433Alliance and Leicester plc v Slayford (2000),
CA . . . 202Allied Arab Bank Ltd v Hajjar (1988) . . . 713Allied Irish Bank v Ashford Hotels Ltd (1997),
CA . . . 581Allnutt v Wilding (2007) . . . 702, 709Allsop, Re, Whittaker v Bamford (1914),
CA . . . 532Al-Rawas v Pegasus Energy Ltd (2008) . . . 581Alsop Wilkinson (a fi rm) v Neary
(1994) . . . 479–481Aluminium Industrie Vaassen BV v Romalpa
Aluminium Ltd (1976); aff d (1976), CA . . . 32, 542
Amber Size and Chemical Co Ltd v Menzel (1913) . . . 614
Amec Development Ltd v Jury’s Hotel Management (UK) Ltd (2001) . . . 571
American Cyanamid Co v Ethicon Ltd (1975), HL . . . 578, 584–586, 588, 589, 590–593
American Cyanamid Co v Ethicon Ltd (1979) . . . 560
American Express International Banking Corpn v Hurley (1985) . . . 686
Ames v Birkenhead Docks Trustees (1855) . . . 680
Ames’ Settlement, Re, Dinwiddy v Ames (1946) . . . 173
Amis v Witt (1863) . . . 127Anchor Brewhouse Developments Ltd v Berkley
House (Docklands Developments) Ltd (1987) . . . 591
Andrew’s Trust, Re, Carter v Andrew (1905) . . . 176
Andrews, Re (1999), CA . . . 677Angel v Jay (1911) . . . 693Angel Bell, Th e. See Iraqi Ministry of Defence
v Arcepey Shipping Co SA (Gillespie Bros intervening), Th e Angel Bell
Anglesey (Marquis), Re, Countess De Galve v Gardner (1903) . . . 684
Anker Petersen v Anker Petersen (1991) . . . 427Annamunthodo v Oilfi eld Workers’ Trade
Union (1961), PC . . . 611Ansah v Ansah (1977), CA . . . 559Ansari v Ansari (2008) . . . 242, 243Anson v Anson (1953) . . . 188Anson v Potter (1879) . . . 411Antec International Ltd v South Western Chicks
(Warren) Ltd (1997) . . . 585Anthony v Donges (1998) . . . 484Antie v R (2009) . . . 49Aquaculture Corpn v New Zealand Green
Mussel Co Ltd (1990) . . . 513Arab Monetary Fund v Hashim (1989) . . . 643,
647Araghchinchi v Araghchinchi (1997),
CA . . . 645Aranes v Marshall (2007) . . . 403Arber, Re, Taylor v Shelton (1919) . . . 269Arbib and Class’s Contract, Re (1891),
CA . . . 362Archer v Williams (2003) . . . 619Archer-Shee v Garland (Inspector of Taxes)
(1931), HL . . . 84, 85Arden, Re (1935) . . . 75Arena Corporation v Schroder (2003) . . . 579Argyll (Duchess of) v Duke of Argyll
(1967) . . . 26, 599, 614, 619Armitage’s Will Trusts, Re, Ellam v Norwich
Corpn (1972) . . . 318Armitage v Nurse (1997), CA . . . 245, 404, 519,
520, 526Armour v Th yssen Edelstahlwerke-AG (1991),
HL . . . 542Armstrong, Re (1892) . . . 678Armstrong v Hachen Estate (2000) . . . 123Armstrong v Sheppard & Short Ltd (1959),
CA . . . 594, 595, 597Arning v James (1936) . . . 394Arnold’s Trusts, Re (1947) . . . 36, 37
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Table of Cases xvii
Aroso v Coutts & Co (2002) . . . 183, 184, 190Arthur v Public Trustee (1988) . . . 105Arthur (LP) (Insurance) Ltd v Sisson
(1966) . . . 680Artistic Upholstery Ltd v Art Forma (Furniture)
Ltd (1999) . . . 64Ashburn Anstalt v Arnold (1989), CA . . . 169,
170, 215, 222, 223, 224Ashburton (Lord) v Pape (1913), CA . . . 619Ashby, Re, ex p Wreford (1892) . . . 81Ashcroft v Barnesdale (2010) . . . 701Ashton v Corrigan (1871) . . . 665Ashurst v Pollard (2001), CA . . . 86, 651Ashworth Security Hospital v MGN Ltd
(2002) . . . 405Aspland v Watte (1855) . . . 523Associated Artists Ltd v IRC (1956) . . . 265Associated British Ports v Transport and
General Workers’ Union (1989), CA; revsd (1989), HL . . . 659–660
Aston v Heron (1834) . . . 679Astor’s Settlement Trusts, Re, Astor v Scholfi eld
(1952) . . . 59, 60Astro Exito Navegacion SA v Southland
Enterprise Co Ltd (No 2) (Chase Manhattan Bank NA intervening), Th e Messiniaki Tolmi (1982), CA; aff d (1983), HL . . . 559, 578
ATC (Cayman) Ltd v Rothschild Trust Cayman Ltd (2006) . . . 458
Athletes Foot Marketing Associates Inc v Cobra Sports Ltd (1980) . . . 588
Atkin v Raymond (2010) . . . 386Atkinson, Re, Atkinson v Atkinson (1911),
CA . . . 49, 50Atkinson, Re, Barbers’ Co v Grose-Smith (1904),
CA . . . 433Atkinson’s Will Trusts, Re Atkinson v Hall
(1978) . . . 249Atlas Cabinets and Furniture Ltd v National
Trust Co Ltd (1990) . . . 72Attenborough (George) & Son v Solomon (1913),
HL . . . 40, 41, 42A-G (at the relation of Allen) v Colchester Corpn
(1955) . . . 656A-G v Alford . . . 515A-G v Ashborne Recreation Ground Co
(1903) . . . 622A-G v Barker (1990), CA . . . 591A-G v Bastow (1957) . . . 622A-G v Biphosphated Guano Co (1879),
CA . . . 23A-G v Birmingham Borough Council
(1858) . . . 597
A-G v Birmingham, Tame and Rea District Drainage Board (1910), CA; varied (1912), HL . . . 601, 622
A-G v Blake (Jonathan Cape Ltd third party) (1996); revsd (1997), CA; aff d (2000), HL . . . 571, 614, 620
A-G v Chaudry (1971), CA . . . 622, 623A-G v Cocke (1988) . . . 527, 529A-G v Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum
(1868) . . . 558A-G v Cooper’s Co (1812) . . . 331A-G v Day (1817) . . . 677A-G v Day (1900) . . . 269A-G v Dixie, ex p Bosworth School
(1805) . . . 319A-G v Dublin Corpn (1827), HL . . . 688A-G v Earl of Clarendon (1810) . . . 319, 443A-G v Gee (1813) . . . 678A-G v Governors, etc of Sherborne Grammar
School (1854) . . . 315A-G v Guardian Newspapers Ltd (1987),
HL . . . 586, 615A-G v Guardian Newspapers Ltd (No 2) (1988);
on appeal (1988), CA; aff d (1988), HL . . . 7, 613, 616, 619, 620
A-G v Harris (1961) CA . . . 620, 622A-G v Ironmongers’ Co (1841); aff d sub nom
Ironmongers’ Co v A-G (1844), HL . . . 334, 336
A-G v Jacobs-Smith (1895), CA . . . 108A-G v Lady Downing (1769) . . . 264A-G v Lewes Corpn (1911) . . . 601A-G v Long Eaton UDC (1915), CA . . . 561A-G v Manchester Corpn (1893) . . . 561, 562A-G v Margaret and Regius Professors in
Cambridge (1682) . . . 264A-G v Mathieson, Re Wilkinson and Fell’s
Contract (1907), CA . . . 259A-G v Middleton (1751) . . . 319A-G v Molland (1832) . . . 269A-G v National Provincial and Union Bank of
England. See Tetley, Re, National Provincial and Union Bank of England Ltd v Tetley
A-G v Nottingham Corpn (1904) . . . 562A-G v Oakaver (1736) . . . 269A-G v Parry (2002) . . . 617A-G v Plowden. See Grove-Grady, Re, Plowden
v LawrenceA-G v Price (1810) . . . 293A-G v Punch Ltd (2002) . . . 575A-G v R (2003) . . . 697A-G v Ross (1985) . . . 252
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xviii Table of Cases
A-G v Schonfeld (1980) . . . 676, 683A-G v Sharp (1931), CA . . . 622A-G v Smith (1958) . . . 620A-G v South Staff ordshire Waterworks Co
(1909) . . . 601A-G v Stephens (1834) . . . 358A-G v Times Newspapers Ltd (1991), HL . . . 575A-G v Trustees of the British Museum
(Commission for Looted Art in Europe intervening) (2005) . . . 315
A-G v Wilson (1840) . . . 516A-G v Wright (1987) . . . 584A-G for Dominion of Canada v Ritchie
Contracting and Supply Co (1919), PC . . . 561A-G for Hong Kong v Reid (1994), PC . . . 142,
150, 152, 153, 534A-G for New South Wales v Public Trustee
(1987) . . . 346A-G for New South Wales v Sawtell
(1978) . . . 274A-G for Ontario v Perry (1934) . . . 108A-G for Tuvalu v Philatelic Distribution Corpn
Ltd (1990), CA . . . 573A-G of Hong Kong v Humphreys Estate
(Queen’s Gardens) Ltd (1987), PC . . . 207A-G of the Bahamas v Royal Trust Co (1986),
PC . . . 250A-G of the Cayman Islands v Wahr-Hansen
(2001), PC . . . 249, 278A-G’s Reference (No 1 of 1985) (1986),
CA . . . 534Attwood v Small (1838), HL . . . 692Auckland Medical Aid Trust v IRC
(1979) . . . 265Australian Building & Technical Solutions pty
ltd Baumelhem (2009) . . . 72Australian Hardwoods Pty Ltd v Railways Comr
(1961), PC . . . 649, 671Australian Meat Industry Employees Union v
Mudginberri Station Pty Ltd (1986) . . . 573Australian Postal Corpn v Lutak (1991) . . . 152Australian Securities Commission v AS
Nominees Ltd (1995) . . . 397Australian Securities and Investments
Commission v Citigroup Global Markets Australia Pty Ltd (2007) . . . 245
Author of a Blog v Times Newspapers Ltd (2009) . . . 613, 617, 618
Avalon Trust, Re (2006) . . . 404Avant Petroleum Inc v Gatoil Overseas Inc
(1986), CA . . . 629Aveling v Knipe (1815) . . . 181Avon Finance Co Ltd v Bridger (1985) . . . 697
Ayerst (Inspector of Taxes) v C & K (Construction) Ltd (1976), HL . . . 396
Aylesford (Earl of) v Earl Poulett (1892) . . . 678Ayliff e v Murray (1740) . . . 440Aynsley v Glover (1874); on appeal
(1874) . . . 565, 567
BB (child property transfer), Re (1999), CA . . . 49B v B (injunction: restraint on leaving
jurisdiction) (1997) . . . 648BA Peters plc (in administration), Re
(2008) . . . 49, 178, 540BBC v Harpercollins Publishers Ltd
(2010) . . . 591BBC v Rochdale MBC (2005) . . . 618BICC plc v Burndy Corpn (1985), CA . . . 672BMP Global Distribution Inc v Bank of Nova
Scotia (2009) . . . 538B Borough Council v S (by the Offi cial Solicitor)
(2006) . . . 559Babanaft International Co SA v Bassatne (1990),
CA . . . 627, 636Baber’s Trusts, Re (1870) . . . 246Baburin v Baburin (No 2) (1991) . . . 531Bacal Contracting Ltd v Modern Engineering
(Bristol) Ltd (1980) . . . 687Bacharach’s Will Trusts, Re, Minden v
Bacharach (1959) . . . 703Bacon v Camphausen (1888) . . . 518Bacup Corpn v Smith (1890), CA . . . 679Baddeley v IRC (1953), CA; revsd sub nom IRC
v Baddeley (1955), HL . . . 262, 277, 278, 287, 288, 291
Baden v Société Générale pour Favoriser le Développement du Commerce et de Industrie en France SA (1983); aff d (1985), CA . . . 159, 163
Baden’s Deed Trusts, Re, Baden v Smith (1969), CA; revsd sub nom McPhail v . . . Doulton (1971) 34, 35, 37, 38, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 79, 81, 82
Baden’s Deed Trusts (No 2), Re (1972); aff d (1973), CA . . . 38, 55, 57, 58
Badfi nger Music v Evans (2001) . . . 150, 440Badger, Re (1913) . . . 470Badger’s Settlement, Re, Badger v Woolley
(1915) . . . 377Bagshaw, Re, Westminster Bank Ltd v Taylor
(1954) . . . 342, 343Bahin v Hughes (1886), CA . . . 398, 518, 519Bahr v Nicolay (No 2) (1988) . . . 170Bailey v Gould (1840) . . . 461
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Baillie, Re, Fitzgerald v Noad (1886) . . . 133Bain, Re, Public Trustee v Ross (1930), CA . . . 271Bainbridge v Blair (1835) . . . 681Bainbridge v Smith (1889) . . . 658Baird v BCE Holdings Pty Ltd (1996) . . . 691Baird v Baird (1990), PC . . . 19, 96Baird v Wells (1890), CA . . . 612Bairstow v Queens Moat Houses plc
(2001) . . . 148Baker v Archer-Shee (1927), HL . . . 84, 85Baker v Baker (1993), CA . . . 215Baker v Carter (1835) . . . 444Baker v Peck (1861) . . . 444Baker (GL) Ltd v Medway Building and Supplies
Ltd (1958); on appeal (1958), CA . . . 526, 550Balding v Ashley (1991) . . . 103Baldry v Feintuck (1972) . . . 280Baldwin v Society for the Diff usion of Useful
Knowledge (1838) . . . 609, 658Balfour’s Settlement, Re, Public Trustee v
Offi cial Receiver (1938) . . . 83Balkanbank v Taher (1994); on appeal (1994),
CA . . . 580Ball’s Settlement, Re (1968) . . . 500Balls v Strutt (1841) . . . 397, 623Baltic Shipping v Translink Shipping Ltd
(1995) . . . 637Banfi eld, Re, Lloyds Bank Ltd v Smith
(1968) . . . 268, 285Banister Re, Broad v Munton (1879), CA . . . 667Bank Mellat v Kazmi (1989), CA . . . 633Bank Mellat v Nikpour (1985), CA . . . 559, 625Bank of Africa Ltd v Cohen (1909), CA . . . 555Bank of China v NBM LLC (2002) . . . 637Bank of Credit and Commerce International
(Overseas) Ltd v Akindele (2000), CA . . . 157–161, 163
Bank of Credit and Commerce International SA (No 9), Re (1994), CA . . . 629
Bank of Credit and Commerce International SA v Aboody (1990), CA . . . 695
Bank of Credit and Commerce International SA v Ali [2001] UKHL 8 (2001) . . . 523
Bank of Ireland Home Mortgages Ltd v Bell (2001) . . . 202
Bank of Montreal v British Columbia (Milk Marketing Board) (1994) . . . 52
Bank of New Zealand v New Zealand Guardian Trust Co Ltd (1999) . . . 510
Bank of Scotland v A Ltd (2001) . . . 72Bank Tejarat v Hong Kong and Shanghai
Banking Corpn (CI) Ltd and Hong Kong
and Shanghai Bank Trustee (Jersey) Ltd (1994) . . . 537
Bankart v Houghton (1860) . . . 598Bankes v Salisbury Diocesan Council of
Education Inc (1960) . . . 174Banks v Goodfellow (1870) . . . 46, 47Banks v Ripley (1940) . . . 710Banner Homes Group plc v Luff Developments
Ltd (2000), CA . . . 219, 220Bannister v Bannister (1948), CA . . . 98, 99, 115,
142Banque Financiere de la Cite v Parc (Battersea)
Ltd (1998), HL . . . 548Banton v CIBC Trust Corp (2001) . . . 156Baptist Union of Ireland (Northern) Corpn Ltd
v IRC (1945) . . . 287Barbados Trust Co v Bank of Zambia
(2007) . . . 51Barber v Rowe (1948), CA . . . 89Barbour’s Settlement, Re, National Westminster
Bank Ltd v Barbour (1974) . . . 441, 494Barcham (a bankrupt), Re, French v Barcham
(2008) . . . 203Barclay v Prospect Mortgages Ltd (1974) . . . 712Barclays Bank Ltd v Bird (1954) . . . 682Barclays Bank Ltd v Moore (1967), CA . . . 685Barclays Bank Ltd v Quistclose Investments Ltd
(1970), HL . . . 20, 80, 176, 177, 178Barclays Bank plc v Bean (2004) . . . 240Barclays Bank plc v Caplan (1997) . . . 696Barclays Bank plc v O’Brien (1994), HL . . . 23,
695–697Barclays Bank plc v Quincecare Ltd
(1992) . . . 158Barclays Bank plc v RBS Advanta (1996) . . . 585Baring’s Settlement Trusts, Re, Baring Bros &
Co Ltd v Liddell (1940) . . . 83Barker, Re, Ravenshaw v Barker (1898) . . . 511,
532Barker v Stickney (1919), CA . . . 609Barker-Benfi eld (Deceased), Re (2006) . . . 965Barker’s Trusts, Re (1875) . . . 362Barker’s Will Trusts, Re, Barker v Crouch
(1948) . . . 269Barlow Clowes International Ltd (in liquidation)
v Vaughan (1992),CA . . . 174, 546, 547Barlow Clowes International Ltd v Eurotrust
International Ltd (2004) . . . 161, 164, 165, 166Barlow’s Will Trusts, Re (1979) . . . 54, 227Barnes, Re (1976) . . . 347Barnes v Addy (1874) . . . 151, 161, 167Barnes v City of London Real Property Co
(1918) . . . 655, 663
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xx Table of Cases
Barnes v Tomlinson (2006) . . . 165Barnsley Brewery Co Ltd v RBNB (1997) . . . 585Barralet v A-G (1980) . . . 265, 268, 277Barrett v Barrett (2008) . . . 232Barron v Willis (1900), CA; on appeal sub nom
Willis v Barron (1902), HL . . . 446Barros Mattos Jnr v MacDaniels Ltd
(2004) . . . 550Barrow v Barrow (1854); on appeal (1854),
CA . . . 705Barrow v Chappell & Co Ltd (1951) . . . 656Barrows v Chief Land Registrar (1977) . . . 687Bartlam v Coutts & Co (2006) . . . 709Bartlett v Barclays Bank Trust Co Ltd
(1980) . . . 397, 422, 425, 511, 528Bartlett v Barclays Bank Trust Co Ltd (No 2)
(1980) . . . 515Bartlett v Salmon (1855) . . . 692Basham, Re (1987) . . . 208Baskcomb v Beckwith (1869) . . . 668Bastin v Bidwell (1881) . . . 672Bate v Hooper (1855) . . . 525Bateman v Davis (1818) . . . 509Bateman v Williams (2009) . . . 191Bateman’s Will Trusts, Re, Brierley v Perry
(1970) . . . 137Bates (Th omas) & Son Ltd v Wyndham’s
(Lingerie) Ltd (1981), CA . . . 706, 710Bath v Standard Land Co Ltd (1911) . . . 145Bath and North East Somerset District Council
v Mowlem plc (2004) . . . 578Bathe, Re, Bathe v Public Trustee (1925) . . . 231Batstone v Salter (1875) . . . 183, 184Batten v Wedgwood Coal and Iron Co
(1884) . . . 680Baumgartner v Baumgartner (1987), HC of
A . . . 72Baxter v Claydon (1952) . . . 584Baxter v Four Oaks Properties Ltd
(1965) . . . 564, 605Bayer AG v Winter (1986), CA . . . 578, 646, 647Bayer AG v Winter (No 2) (1986) . . . 647Bayley-Jones v University of Newcastle
(1990) . . . 321Baynes Clarke v Corless (2010) . . . 220Bayoumi v Women’s Total Abstinence
Educational Union Ltd (2003) . . . 352, 353Beale v Trinller (2008) . . . 446Beale’s Settlement Trusts, Re, Huggins v Beale
(1932) . . . 496Beaney, Re (1978) . . . 46, 123Beatty’s Will Trusts (No 2), Re (1991) . . . 374
Beatty’s Will Trusts, Re (1990) . . . 34Beauclerk v Ashburnham (1845) . . . 419Beaumont, Re, Beaumont v Ewbank
(1902) . . . 123, 128Beaumont v Boultbee (1802) . . . 689Beckbessinger, Re (1993) . . . 58Beckenham MC Ltd v Centralex Ltd
(2004) . . . 240Beckett’s Settlement Re, Re, Beckett, Eden v Von
Stutterheim (1940) . . . 411, 474Bective (Countess of) v Hodgson (1864) . . . 467Beddoe Re, Downes v Cottam (1893),
CA . . . 399, 479Beddow v Beddow (1878) . . . 554Bedford (Duke) v British Museum Trustees
(1822) . . . 669Bedingfeld and Herring’s Contract, Re
(1893) . . . 364Beecher v Major (1865) . . . 184Beesty’s Will Trusts Re, Farrar v Royal Alfred
Merchant Seamen’s Society (1966) . . . 411Begg-MacBrearty (Inspector of Taxes) v Stilwell
(1996) . . . 465Behbehani v Salem (1989), CA . . . 630Behnke v Bede Shipping Co Ltd (1927) . . . 654Behrens v Richards (1905) . . . 595Behzadi v Shaft esbury Hotels Ltd (1992),
CA . . . 673Bekhor (AJ) & Co Ltd v Bilton (1981), CA . . . 636Belar Pty Ltd v Mahaff ey (in liquidation)
(2001) . . . 477Belchier, ex p. See Parsons, Re, ex p Belchier, ex
p ParsonsBelfast City YMCA Trustees v Northern Ireland
Valuation Comr (1969), CA . . . 280Belize Alliance of Conservation Non-
Governmental Organisations v Department of the Environment of Belize (2003) . . . 590, 632, 642
Bell v Lever Bros Ltd (1932), HL . . . 698Bell’s Indenture, Re, Bell v Hickley
(1980) . . . 167, 515Bellairs v Bellairs (1874) . . . 230Bellamy, Re, Pickard v Holroyd (1883) . . . 230Belling, Re, Enfi eld London Borough Council v
Public Trustee (1967) . . . 314Belmont Finance Corpn v Williams Furniture
Ltd (No 2) (1980), CA . . . 157, 160, 515Belmont Finance Corpn Ltd v Williams
Furniture Ltd (1979), CA . . . 162Bence v Gilpin (1868) . . . 382Benett, Re, Ward v Benett (1906), CA . . . 384Benett v Wyndham (1862) . . . 414, 475, 477
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Benham’s Will Trusts, Re (1994) . . . 257Benjamin, Re, Neville v Benjamin (1902) . . . 407Benjamin v Leicher (1998) . . . 122Bennet v Bennet (1879) . . . 186Bennett (deceased), Re in the Estate of
(2004) . . . 695Bennett, Re, Jones v Bennett (1896), CA . . . 434,
461Bennett, Re, Sucker v A-G (1960) . . . 330Bennett v Burgis (1846) . . . 399Bennison, Re, Cutler v Boyd (1889) . . . 402Berkeley Applegate (Investment Consultants)
Ltd, Re, Harris v Conway (1989) . . . 236, 441, 599
Berkley v Poulett (1976), CA . . . 168Bernard v Bagshaw (1862) . . . 402Bernard v Josephs (1982), CA . . . 187, 193Berney v Sewell (1820) . . . 682Bernstein, Re (2008) . . . 499, 503Berridge, Re, Berridge v Turner (1890),
CA . . . 264Berry (a Bankrupt), Re (1978) . . . 192Berry, Re, Lloyds Bank Ltd v Berry
(1962) . . . 432Berry v Berry (1929) . . . 9Berry v Green (1938), HL sub nom Blake, Berry v
Green (1938) . . . 412Berry v St Marylebone Borough Council (1958),
CA . . . 268Berry’s Settlement, Re, Birkenhead v Smith
(1966) . . . 503Bersel Manufacturing Co Ltd v Berry (1968),
HL . . . 364Berton, Re Vandyk v Berton (1939) . . . 89Bertrand v Davies (1862) . . . 681Berwick-on-Tweed Corpn v Murray
(1857) . . . 515Besant v Wood (1879) . . . 599, 610, 673Beswick v Beswick (1968), HL . . . 109, 114, 115,
650, 666Bethell v Abraham (1873); aff d (1874) . . . 418Bethune v Kennedy (1835) . . . 430Bevan v Webb (1905) . . . 144Bevin v Smith (1994) . . . 169Bhimji v Chatwani (1991) . . . 640Bhimji v Chatwani (No 3) (1992) . . . 644Bhopal and Kaur v Walia (1999), CA . . . 243Bhullar v Bhullar (2003) . . . 148Biddencare Ltd, Re (1994) . . . 479Bidwell v Holden (1890) . . . 557Bigg v Queensland Trustees Ltd (1990) . . . 140Bigger, Re (1977) . . . 393
Bignold’s Settlement Trusts, Re (1872) . . . 362, 363, 369
Bill v Cureton (1835) . . . 245Billes, Re (1983) . . . 490Bilston Corpn v Wolverhampton Corpn
(1942) . . . 558Bind Charitable Trust, Re (2008) . . . 490Binions v Evans (1972), CA . . . 99, 170, 222, 223,
224, 609Biogen Inc v Medeva plc (1992); revsd (1994),
CA . . . 567, 600Birch v Birch (1902), CA . . . 713, 714Birch v Cropper (1848) . . . 377Birch v Curtis (2002) . . . 139Birch v Treasury Solicitor (1951), CA . . . 125,
126, 129Birche, Re, Birchall v Ashton (1889),
CA . . . 381–383Bird, Re, Re Evans, Dodd v Evans (1901) . . . 433Bird v Hadkinson (1999) . . . 574, 646Bird v Lake (1863) . . . 651Birkett, Re (1878) . . . 251Birkett v Acorn Business Machines Ltd (1999),
CA . . . 232Birmingham City Council v Shasi (2008) . . . 623Birmingham Midshires Mortgage Services Ltd v
Sabberwal (1999), CA . . . 216Biscoe v Jackson (1887), CA . . . 262, 336, 339Bishop, Re, ex p Langley, ex p Smith (1879),
CA . . . 576Bishop, Re, National Provincial Bank Ltd v
Bishop (1965) . . . 189Bishop Square Ltd v IRC (1997), CA . . . 93Bishopsgate Investment Management Ltd (in
liquidation) v Homan (1994), CA . . . 544Biss, Re, Biss v Biss (1903), CA . . . 142, 143Blackett v Darcy (2005) . . . 122Blacklocks v JB Developments (Godalming) Ltd
(1982) . . . 22, 24Blackwell, Re, Blackwell v Blackwell (1929),
HL . . . 131–134, 137Blair v Canada Trust Co (1986) . . . 519Blair v Duncan (1902), HL . . . 249Blake, Re (1885) . . . 483Blake, Re (1887), CA . . . 362Blakemore v Glamorganshire Canal Navigation
(1832) . . . 579Blaker v Herts and Essex Waterworks Co
(1889) . . . 686Blakeway v Blakeway (1833) . . . 677Bland v Ingram’s Estates Ltd (2002) . . . 21Blandy Jenkins’ Estate, Re, Jenkins v Walker
(1917) . . . 76
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xxii Table of Cases
Blankenship v Boyle (1971) . . . 416Blathwayt v Baron Cawley (1976), HL . . . 227,
228, 231Blome v Blome (1976) . . . 576Bloomer v Spittle (1872) . . . 707Bloomsbury Publishing Group Ltd v News
Group Newspapers Ltd (2003) . . . 555Blue v Marshall (1735) . . . 462Blundell, Re, Blundell v Blundell (1888) . . . 167,
477Blunt’s Trusts, Re, Wigan v Clinch
(1904) . . . 335Blyth v Fladgate (1891) . . . 516Boardman v Phipps. See Phipps v BoardmanBoehm v Goodall (1911) . . . 679, 680Boehm v Wood (1820) . . . 683Bogg v Raper (1998), CA . . . 521Bold v Hutchinson (1855) . . . 704Boles and British Land Co’s Contract, Re
(1902) . . . 444Bolton v Curre (1895) . . . 525Bonar Law Memorial Trust v IRC (1933) . . . 266Bond v Walford (1886) . . . 173Bonham v Blake Lapthorn Linnell
(2006) . . . 479Boning, Re (1997) . . . 225Bonnard v Perryman (1891), CA . . . 590, 591, 613Bonsor v Musicians’ Union (1956), HL . . . 611,
612Boots the Chemist Ltd v Street (1983) . . . 22Border (UK) Ltd v Scottish Timber Products Ltd
(1981), CA . . . 539Borrowman v Rossell (1864) . . . 710Borthwick (Th omas) & Sons (Australasia)
Ltd v South Otago Freezing Co Ltd (1978), NZCA . . . 607
Borwick, Re, Borwick v Borwick (1933) . . . 228Borwick’s Settlement, Re, Woodman v Borwick,
Re Woodman (1916) . . . 465Boscawen v Bajwa (1995), CA . . . 536, 540, 544,
547, 548Bostock v Bryant (1990), CA . . . 211Bostock’s Settlement, Re, Norrish v Bostock
(1921), CA . . . 75Boswell v Coaks (No 2) (1894), HL . . . 713Bothe v Amos (1976), CA . . . 204Botibol, Re, Botibol v Botibol (1947) . . . 680Bouch, Re, Sproule v Bouch (1885), CA; revsd
sub nom Bouch v Sproule (1887), HL . . . 433Boulding Group plc v Newett (1991), CA . . . 671Bourgoin SA v Ministry of Agriculture,
Fisheries and Food (1986), CA . . . 589
Bourne v Keane (1919) . . . 62Bouts v Ellis (1853); aff d (1853) . . . 128Bouygues Off shore SA v Caspian Shipping Co
(1998), CA . . . 579Bovill v Crate (1865) . . . 596Bowden, Re, Andrew v Cooper (1890) . . . 528Bowden, Re, Hulbert v Bowden (1936) . . . 120Bowen, Re, Lloyd Phillips v Davis (1893) . . . 255,
335Bower v Bantam Investments Ltd (1972) . . . 608Bowlby, Re, Bowlby v Bowlby (1904), CA . . . 467Bowman v Secular Society Ltd (1917), HL . . . 59,
64, 280Boyce v Boyce (1849) . . . 53Boyes, Re, Boyes v Carritt (1884) . . . 135, 173Boyle v Bettws Llantwit Colliery Co
(1876) . . . 678Boys’ Will Trusts, Re, Westminster Bank Ltd v
Boys (1950) . . . 419Bracewell v Appleby (1975) . . . 571Bracken, Re, Doughty v Townson (1889),
CA . . . 408Bracken Partners Ltd v Gutteridge (2003),
HL . . . 541Bradford (Earl) v Earl of Romney (1862) . . . 706Bradshaw v University College of Wales,
Aberystwyth (1987) . . . 314Bradstock Group Pensions Scheme Trustees Ltd
v Bradstock Group plc (2002) . . . 463Bradstock Trustee Services Ltd v Nabarro
Nathanson (a fi rm) (1995) . . . 414, 475Braithwaite, Re, Braithwaite v Wallis
(1882) . . . 418Brakespear v Ackland (2008) . . . 404Brandeis (Brokers Ltd) v Black (2001) . . . 32Brandon v Robinson (1811) . . . 78Branston & Gothard Ltd, Re (1999) . . . 49Braunstein and Marjorlaine Ltd, Re
(1914) . . . 682Bray v Briggs (1872) . . . 668Bray v Ford (1896), HL . . . 397, 436Bray v West (1838) . . . 382Breadalbane v Chandos (1837) . . . 704Breadner v Granville-Grossman (2001) . . . 80,
479, 480Brealispear v Achland (2008) . . . 445Breed’s Will, Re (1875) . . . 471Brenner v Rose (1973) . . . 680Brett v East India and London Shipping Co Ltd
(1864) . . . 658, 664Brewer’s Settlement, Re, Morton v Blackmore
(1896) . . . 79, 83
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Brice v Stokes (1805) . . . 521Bridgman v Gill (1857) . . . 167Bridlington Relay Ltd v Yorkshire Electricity
Board (1965) . . . 562Brierley, Re, Brierley v Brierley (1894), CA . . . 36Briggs v Massey (1882), CA . . . 513Briggs v Parsloe (1937) . . . 670Brink’s-MAT Ltd v Elcombe (1988),
CA . . . 630Brisbane City Council v A-G for Queensland
(1979), PC . . . 294Bristol and West Building Society v Henning
(1985), CA . . . 23Bristol and West Building Society v May May &
Merrimans (a fi rm) (1996) . . . 510Bristol and West Building Society v Mothew (t/a
Stapley & Co) (1996), CA . . . 154, 436, 437, 514Bristol’s Settled Estates, Re, Bristol v Jermyn
(1964) . . . 495, 502Britain v Rossiter (1879), CA . . . 90British Airways Board v Laker Airways Ltd
(1985) . . . 628British and Commonwealth Holdings plc v
Quadrex Holdings Inc (1989), CA . . . 673British Coal Corpn v British Coal Staff
Superannuation Scheme Trustees Ltd (1995) . . . 19
British Data Management plc v Boxer Commercial Removals plc (1996), CA . . . 560
British Linen Co v South American and Mexican Co (1894), CA . . . 678
British Red Cross Balkan Fund, Re, British Red Cross Society v Johnson (1914) . . . 174
British School of Egyptian Archaeology, Re, Murray v Public Trustee (1954) . . . 264
British Telecommunications plc v One in a Million Ltd (1997); aff d (1998), CA . . . 560
British Transport Commission v Gourley (1956), HL . . . 515
Broadbent’s Will, Re (2001), CA . . . 342Brochbanli (decd), Re (1948) . . . 411Brockbank, Re, Ward v Bates (1948) . . . 369,
486, 487Brogden, Re, Billing v Brogden (1888),
CA . . . 399Bromley v Holland (1802) . . . 711Bromley v Tryon (1952), HL . . . 51Brook’s Settlement, Re, Brook v Brook
(1968) . . . 111, 120, 505Brooke Bond & Co Ltd’s Trust Deed, Re, Brooke
v Brooke Bond & Co Ltd (1963) . . . 145Brooker, Re, Brooker v Brooker (1926) . . . 89, 681Brooker’s Estate, Re, Brooker v Brooker
(1857) . . . 681
Brooking v Maudslay, Son and Field (1888) . . . 711
Brookes v Richardson (1986) . . . 314, 316Brooking v Maudslay, Son and Field
(1888) . . . 711Broomhead (JW) (Vic) Pty Ltd (in liquidation)
v J W Broomhead Pty Ltd (1985) . . . 359, 383, 477, 478
Broun v Kennedy (1863); on appeal (1864) . . . 708
Brown, Re, District Bank Ltd v Brown (1954) . . . 78
Brown v Bennett (1997); aff d (1998), CA . . . 157, 163
Brown v Burdett (1882) . . . 225Brown v Higgs (1803); on appeal (1813),
HL . . . 35, 37Brown v IRC (1965), HL . . . 145, 442Brown v Pourau (1995) . . . 130Brown v Smith (1878), CA . . . 470Browne (Lord) of Madingley v Associated
Newspapers Ltd (2007) . . . 590Browne, Wace v Smith (1918) . . . 438Broxtowe Borough Council v Birch (1981); aff d
(1983), CA . . . 267Bryank v Law Society (2007) . . . 164Bryanston Finance Ltd v de Vries (No 2) (1976),
CA . . . 578, 589Bryant v Busk (1827) . . . 673Brykiert v Jones (1981), CA . . . 187Buchanan v Hamilton (1801) . . . 370Buckeridge v Glasse (1841) . . . 523Buckinghamshire’s (Earl) Settlements Trusts,
Re, Cole v Hope-Morley (1977) . . . 472Buckland v Farmer and Moody (a fi rm) (1978),
CA . . . 690Bucks Constabulary Widows’ and Orphans’
Fund Friendly Society, Re, Th ompson v Holdsworth (No 2) (1979) . . . 66
Buckton, Re, Buckton v Buckton (1907) . . . 480Budget Rent a Car International Inc v Mamos
Slough Ltd (1977), CA . . . 585Budgett v Budgett (1895) . . . 476Bulkeley v Earl of Eglinton (1855) . . . 378Bull v Bull (1955), CA . . . 181, 623Bullock, Re, Good v Lickorish (1891) . . . 81Bullock v Downes. See Downes v BullockBullock v Lloyds Bank Ltd (1955) . . . 480Bulmer (HP) Ltd and Showerings Ltd v J
Bollinger SA and Champagne Lanson Père et Fils (1978), CA . . . 569, 596, 598
Bunn v British Broadcasting Corp (1998) . . . 580
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xxiv Table of Cases
Bunn v Markham (1816) . . . 124Bunny Industries Ltd v FSW Enterprises Pty Ltd
(1982) . . . 168Burchell v Clark (1876), CA . . . 702Burdick v Garrick (1870) . . . 32, 530Burgess v Rawnsley (1975), CA . . . 173Burns v Steel (2006) . . . 486Burns & Geroff v Leda Holdings Pty Ltd
(1988) . . . 525Burns Philp Trustee Co Ltd v Viney (1981) . . . 84Burrell v Burrell’s Trustees (1915) . . . 443Burris v Azadani (1995), CA . . . 553, 612Burrough v Philcox (1840) . . . 35, 37Burroughs v Abbott (1922) . . . 710Burroughs-Fowler, Re, Trustee of the Property
of Burroughs-Fowler (a bankrupt) v Burroughs-Fowler (1916) . . . 79
Burrows and Burrows v Sharpe (1991), CA . . . 212
Burt, Boulton and Hayward v Bull (1895), CA . . . 680
Burton v Winters (1993), CA . . . 577Buschau v Rogers Communications Inc
(2004) . . . 502Bushell, Re, ex p Izard (1883), CA . . . 680Bushnell, Re, Lloyds Bank Ltd v Murray
(1975) . . . 266Butler v Board of Trade (1971) . . . 619Butler v Broadhead (1975) . . . 550Butler v Carter (1868) . . . 521Butlin’s Settlement Trusts, Re, Butlin v Butlin
(1976) . . . 705, 708Butt v Kelson (1952), CA sub nom Re Butt
(1952) . . . 3, 486Butterworth v Walker (1864) . . . 668Buttle v Saunders (1950) . . . 417, 460Buxton v Lister (1746) . . . 650Buxton v Public Trustee (1962) . . . 274Byford v Butler (2003) . . . 203Byrchall v Bradford (1822) . . . 513Byrne v Kinematograph Renters Society Ltd
(1958) . . . 611, 612
CC (a minor) (wardship: medical treatment) (No
2), Re (1990), CA . . . 554CA Pacifi c Finance Ltd (in liquidation), Re
(2000) . . . 52CBS United Kingdom Ltd v Lambert (1983),
CA . . . 631CC v AB (2006) . . . 619CDE v MGN Ltd (2010) . . . 564
C Inc plc v L (2001) . . . 625, 634, 635, 676C Ltd v P (Secretary of State for Home Offi ce and
anor intervening) (2007) . . . 643CMS Dolphin Ltd v Simonet (2001) . . . 149CN Marine Inc v Stena Line A/B and Regie Voor
Maritiem Transport, Th e Stena Nautica (No 2) (1982), CA . . . 650, 654
Caborne, Re, Hodge and Nabarro v Smith (1943) . . . 229–231
Cadogan v Earl of Essex (1854) . . . 419Caff oor (Trustees of the Abdul Caff oor Trust)
v Income Tax Comr, Colombo (1961), PC . . . 293, 294
Cain v Moon (1896), DC . . . 125Caird v Moss (1886), CA . . . 710Calverley v Green (1984), HC of A . . . 190Calvert v Godfrey (1843) . . . 493Calyx, Th e (1966) . . . 573Cambridge Nutrition Ltd v BBC (1990),
CA . . . 586, 588Cambridgeshire County Council v D (1998),
CA . . . 573Cambro Contractors Ltd v John Kennelly Sales
Ltd (1994), CA . . . 704Camdex International Ltd v Bank of Zambia
(No 2) (1996), CA . . . 626Cameron (deceased), Re, (1999) . . . 186Campbell v Frisbee (2002) . . . 617Campbell v Griffi n (2001) . . . 212, 214Campbell v Home (1842) . . . 407Campbell v MGN Ltd (2004) . . . 613, 614, 617,
618Campbell v Walker (1800) . . . 443Campden Charities, Re (1881), CA . . . 331Canada Permanent Trust Co and Beil, Re
(1982) . . . 410Canada Trust Co and Ontario Human Rights
Commission, Re (1990), Ont CA . . . 225, 336Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce v Bello
(1991), CA . . . 224Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce v Valley
Credit Union Ltd (1989) . . . 532Cannon v Hartley (1949) . . . 110–112Canson Enterprises Ltd v Broughton & Co
(1991) . . . 10Cant v Gregory (1894), CA . . . 125Canterbury Orchestra Trust v Smitham
(1978) . . . 264Cantor Fitzgerald International v Bird
(2002) . . . 599Capell v Winter (1907) . . . 23, 24Capewell v Revenue and Customs
Commissioners (2007) . . . 679
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Table of Cases xxv
Capital Cameras Ltd v Harold Lines Ltd (1991) . . . 629
Car and Universal Finance Co Ltd v Caldwell (1965); aff d (1965),CA . . . 691
Carapiet’s Trusts, Re (2002) . . . 260, 292Carl-Zeiss-Stifung v Herbert Smith & Co (a
fi rm) (No 2) (1969), CA . . . 68, 166, 167Carlile v LED Builders Pty Ltd (1999) . . . 635Carlton v Goodman (2002) . . . 70, 180, 181Carlton Illustrators v Coleman & Co Ltd
(1911) . . . 556Caroyo Property Ltd v Total Australia Ltd
(1987) . . . 102Carpenters Estates Ltd v Davies (1940) . . . 657Carpmael v Powis (1846) . . . 705Carr-Saunders v Dick McNeil Associates Ltd
(1986) . . . 571Carreras Rothmans Ltd v Freeman Mathews
Treasure Ltd (1985) . . . 80Carroll v Graham (1905), CA . . . 479Carron Iron Co v Maclaren (1855) . . . 555Carter v Sebright (1859) . . . 476Carver v Duncan (Inspector of Taxes) (1985),
CA; aff d (1985), HL . . . 434Casimir v Alexander (2001) . . . 185Casio Computer Ltd v Sayo (2001) . . . 163Casson v University of Aston, in Birmingham
(1983) . . . 319, 320, 321Castanho v Brown & Root (UK) Ltd
(1981) . . . 628Castle Re, Nesbitt v Baugh (1916) . . . 411Cater’s Trusts (No 2), Re (1858) . . . 410Cato v Th ompson (1882) . . . 663Caton v Rideout (1849) . . . 191Cattley v Pollard (2006) . . . 527, 528, 529Cavalier v Cavalier (1971) . . . 190Cave v Cave (1880) . . . 24Cave v Robinson Jarvis & Rolf (a fi rm)
(2002) . . . 528Cavendish Browne’s Settlement Trusts, Re,
Horner v Rawle (1916) . . . 116Cawdron v Merchant Taylors School
(2009) . . . 251Cayne v Global Natural Resources plc (1984),
CA . . . 558, 585, 586, 587Cazenove, Re (1919) . . . 412Centre Trustees (CI) Ltd v Van Rooyen
(2010) . . . 491Chadwick v Heatley (1845) . . . 409Chaigley Farms Ltd v Crawford, Kaye &
Grayshire Ltd (1996) . . . 542Chalinder and Herington, Re (1907) . . . 438
Challoner Club Ltd (in liquidation), Re (1997) . . . 59
Chalmers v Pardoe (1963), PC . . . 206Chamberlain, Re, Blanc v Blanc (1976) . . . 506Chamberlayne v Brockett (1872) . . . 255Chambers, ex p (1829) . . . 470Chan v Cresdon Pty Ltd (1989) . . . 9Chan v Zacharia (1983), HC of A . . . 143Chandler v Kerley (1978), CA . . . 222, 223Channel Tunnel Group Ltd v Balfour Beatty
Construction Ltd (1992), CA; aff d (1993), HL . . . 559, 628
Chaplin, Re, Neame v A-G (1933) . . . 271Chapman, Re, Freeman v Parker (1894),
CA . . . 479Chapman v Browne (1902), CA . . . 422, 532Chapman v Chapman. See Chapman’s
Settlement Trusts, Re, Chapman v ChapmanChapman v Michaelson (1909), CA . . . 712Chapman’s Settlement Trusts, Re, Chapman v
Chapman (1953), CA; aff d sub nom Chapman v Chapman (1954), HL . . . 463, 492, 494, 495
Chappell v Times Newspapers Ltd (1975), CA . . . 660, 671
Chapple, Re, Newton v Chapman (1884) . . . 438Chapter plc v City Index Ltd (2007) . . . 518Charge Card Services Ltd, Re (1986) . . . 481Charles v Fraser (2010) . . . 139Charles of the Ritz Group v Jory (1986) . . . 644Charlesworth, Re, Robinson v Archdeacon of
Cleveland (1910) . . . 268Charrington v Simons & Co Ltd (1970); revsd
(1971) . . . 557, 591, 605Chartbook Ltd v Persimmon Homes Ltd
(2009) . . . 704, 710Charter v Trevelyan (1844) . . . 699Charter plc v City Index Ltd (2007) . . . 159, 161Chase Manhattan Bank NA v Israel-British
Bank (London) Ltd (1981) . . . 542Chater v Mortgage Agency Services Number
Two Ltd (2003) . . . 695Chaudhary v Yaunz (2011) . . . 170Chaudhry v Chaudhry (1976); on appeal (1976),
CA . . . 204Cheese v Th omas (1993), CA . . . 215, 691Chellaram v Chellaram (1985) . . . 4, 386, 482,
555, 623, 651Chellew v Excell (2009) . . . 445Chelsea (Viscount) v Muscatt (1990),
CA . . . 604, 605Chelsea Cloisters Ltd (in liquidation), Re (1980),
CA . . . 49Cheltenham and Gloucester Building Society v
Ricketts (1993), CA . . . 580
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xxvi Table of Cases
Cherry v Boultbee (1829) . . . 407Chessels v British Telecommunications plc
(2002) . . . 481Chettiar v Chettiar (1962) . . . 479Chetwynd’s Settlement, Re, Scarisbrick v
Nevinson (1902) . . . 370, 386Chellew v Excell (2009) . . . 445Chichester v M’Intire (1830) . . . 669Chichester Diocesan Fund and Board of Finance
Inc v Simpson (1944), HL . . . 58, 173, 249, 254, 540
Chief Comr of Stamp Duties v ISPT Pty Ltd (1997) . . . 76, 104
Chief Constable of Hampshire v A Ltd (1985), CA . . . 554, 620
Chief Constable of Kent v V (1983), CA . . . 554, 620, 685
Chief Constable of Leicestershire v M (1988) . . . 620
Chief Constable of Surrey v A (1988) . . . 620Chillingworth v Chambers (1896), CA . . . 518,
519, 524Chinn v Collins (Inspector of Taxes) (1979);
revsd (1981), HL . . . 650Chinnock v Sainsbury (1860) . . . 658Chiron Corpn v Murere Diagnostics Ltd (No 9)
(1995) . . . 600Chiron Corpn v Organon Teknika Ltd (No 10)
(1995) . . . 565Chisholm, Re, Legal Reversionary Society v
Knight (1898) . . . 388Chisholm v Kirklees Metropolitan Borough
Council (1993) . . . 583Chocosuisse Union des Fabricants Suisses de
Chocolat v Cadbury Ltd (1997); on appeal (1999), CA . . . 598
Chohan v Saggar (1994), CA . . . 240, 241Choithram (T) International SA v Pagarani
(2000), PC . . . 107Choudhri v Palta (1994), CA . . . 679Christ’s College, Cambridge Case (1757) . . . 264Christ’s Hospital v Grainger (1849) . . . 255, 256Christian v Christian (1981), CA . . . 211Christian Brothers of Ireland in Canada, Re
(2000) . . . 298Christie v Ovington (1875) . . . 76Christmas’ Settlement Trusts, Re (1986) . . . 504Church (Charles) Developments plc v Cronin
(1990) . . . 627Churchill, Re, Hiscock v Lodder (1909) . . . 468Churchill v Roach (2004) . . . 200, 211Chwee Kin Keong v Digilandmall. com Pte Ltd
(2005) . . . 698
C I Law Trustees v Minwalla (2005) . . . 244Cia de Seguros Imperio (a body corporate) v
Heath (REBX) Ltd (formerly CE Heath & Co (North America) Ltd ) (2000), CA . . . 530
Circle Trust, Re (2007) . . . 491Citibank NA v MBIA Assurance SA
(2007) . . . 245City and Westminster Properties (1934) Ltd v
Mudd (1959) . . . 705Civilian War Claimants Association Ltd v R
(1932), HL . . . 372Clack v Carlon (1861) . . . 438Clapham, Re (2006) . . . 520Claremont, Re (1923) . . . 41Clark, Re (1910) . . . 681Clark v Clark (1884), PC . . . 444Clark v Clark (2006) . . . 214Clark v Girdwood (1877), CA . . . 706Clark v University of Lincolnshire and
Humberside (2000), CA . . . 318Clarke, Re, Bracey v Royal National Lifeboat
Institution (1923) . . . 254, 262, 289Clarke, Re, Clarke v Clarke (1901) . . . 64Clarke v Chadburn (1985) . . . 574Clarke v Cutland (2003) . . . 540Clarke v Dickson (1858) . . . 699Clarke v Harlowe (2005) . . . 181Clarke v Heathfi eld (1985), CA . . . 681Clarke v Heathfi eld (No 2) (1985) . . . 386Clarke v Hogg (1871) . . . 472Clarke v Meadus (2010) . . . 195Clarke v Price (1819) . . . 658Clarke v Swaile (1762) . . . 446Clarke v Wright (1861), Ex Ch . . . 108Clarkson v Robinson (1900) . . . 438Clasper Group Services Ltd, Re (1989) . . . 160Clay v Pennington (1837) . . . 474Clayhope Properties Ltd v Evans (1986),
CA . . . 684Clay v Pennington (1837) . . . 474Clayton v Ramsden (1943), HL . . . 231Cleaver, Re, Cleaver v Insley (1981) . . . 138, 139Clef Aquitaine SARL v Laporte Materials
(Barrow) Ltd (sued as Sovereign Chemicals Industries Ltd) (2001), CA . . . 516
Clegg v Edmondson (1857) . . . 143, 185Clement v Cheesman (1884) . . . 127Clements, Re, Clements v Pearsall
(1894) . . . 468Clergy Society, Re (1856) . . . 267Cleveland Literary and Philosophical Society’s
Land, Re, Bolchow v Laughton (1931) . . . 375
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Clinton v Hooper (1791) . . . 191Clipper Maritime Co Ltd of Monrovia v
Mineralimportexport, Th e Marie Leonhardt (1981) . . . 631, 634
Clissold’s Settlement, Re (1864) . . . 372Clitheroe’s Settlement Trusts, Re (1959) . . . 502Clore v Th eatrical Properties Ltd and Westby &
Co Ltd (1936), CA . . . 223Clore’s Settlement Trusts, Re, Sainer v Clore
(1966) . . . 471Close Trustees (Switzerland) SA v Castro
(2008) . . . 478Clough v London and North Western Rly Co
(1871) . . . 699, 700Clough v Ratcliff e (1847) . . . 712Clough Mill Ltd v Martin (1984), CA . . . 32Clout and Frewer’s Contract, Re (1924) . . . 383Cloutte v Storey (1911) . . . 487Cylch, Re (2000) . . . 274Coake, Re, Winckley v Winterton (1922) . . . 667Coates, Re, Ramsden v Coates (1955) . . . 54Coates to Parsons, Re (1886) . . . 365Coats’ Trusts, Re, Coats v Gilmour (1948), CA ;
aff d sub nom v Coats (1949), HL . . . 285, 286Coatsworth v Johnson (1886), CA . . . 26, 673Cobbetts LLP v Hodge (2009) . . . 148Cobra Golf Inc v Rata (1996) . . . 643, 644Coca-Cola Co v Gilbey (1995) . . . 647Coca Cola Co and Schweppes Ltd v Gilbey
(1996), CA . . . 637Cochrane v Moore (1890), CA . . . 103Cochrane’s Settlement Trusts, Re (1955) . . . 174Cockburn v Edwards (1881), CA . . . 446Cockburn’s Will Trusts, Re, Cockburn v Lewis
(1957) . . . 40, 42Cockell v Taylor (1851) . . . 669Cockerell’s Settlement Trusts, Re, Cockerell v
National Provincial Bank Ltd (1956) . . . 496Cocks v Manners (1871) . . . 285Coco v AN Clark (Engineers) Ltd (1969) . . . 616Cofl exip SA v Stolt Comex Seaway MS Ltd
(1999); on appeal (2000), CA . . . 594Cogent v Gibson (1864) . . . 654Cohen, Re, Cowan v Cohen (1973) . . . 293Cohen v Roche (1927) . . . 89Cohen’s Settlement Trusts, Re, Eliot-Cohen v
Cohen (1965) . . . 502Cohen’s Will Trusts, Re, Re Cohen’s Settlement
Trusts (1959) . . . 503Cole, Re, ex p Trustee of Property of Bankrupt v
Cole (1964), CA . . . 103Cole, Re, Westminster Bank Ltd v Moore (1958),
CA . . . 275
Coleman, Re, Henry v Strong (1888), CA . . . 81Coleman v Bucks and Oxon Union Bank
(1897) . . . 167Coleman Taymar Ltd v Oakes (2001) . . . 531Coles v Hulme (1828) . . . 703Coles v Sims (1854) . . . 597Coles v Trecothick (1804) . . . 446Coles v William Hill Organisation Ltd
(1998) . . . 706, 707Collett v Morrison (1851) . . . 702Collier (deceased), Re (1998) . . . 346Collier v Collier (2002) . . . 234Collier v Mason (1858) . . . 669Collings v Lee (2001) . . . 542Collins, Re, Collins v Collins (1886) . . . 493Collins v Barker (1893) . . . 678Collins v Brebner (2000), CA . . . 510Colls v Home and Colonial Stores Ltd (1904),
HL . . . 569Columbia Picture Industries Inc v Robinson
(1986) . . . 642, 644, 645, 647Colyear v Lady Mulgrave (1836) . . . 116Combe, Re, Combe v Combe (1925) . . . 36Combs, Re (1884) . . . 385Comiskey v Bowring-Hanbury (1905), HL . . . 50Commercial Bank of the Near East plc v A, B, C
and D (1989) . . . 630Commerzbank AG v Gareth Price-Jones
(2003) . . . 551Commerzbank Aktiengesellschaft v IMB
Morgan plc (2004) . . . 542, 547Commission for the New Towns v Cooper
(Great Britain) Ltd (1995), CA . . . 707Commissioner of Stamp Duties v Byrnes
(1911) . . . 185Commonwealth Reserve I v Chodar (2001)
(NZ) . . . 72Compagnie du Senegal v Smith & Co
(1883) . . . 683Company’s Application, a, Re (1989) . . . 615Compton, Re, Powell v Compton (1945),
CA . . . 286–288, 292Connell v Bond Corpn Pty (1992) . . . 84Conroy, Re (1973) . . . 346Conservative and Unionist Central Offi ce v
Burrell (Inspector of Taxes) (1980); aff d (1982), CA . . . 61, 172
Consiglio Trusts, Re (1973) . . . 386Constantinidi v Ralli (1935) . . . 708Consterdine v Consterdine (1862) . . . 402Construction Industry Training Board v A-G
(1973), CA . . . 260Conway v Fenton (1888) . . . 493Conway v Ratini (2005) . . . 443
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Conybeare’s Settlement, ex p (1853) . . . 372Conyngham v Conyngham (1750) . . . 382Coode, Re, Coode v Foster (1913) . . . 373Cook, Re, Beck v Grant (1948) . . . 48Cook v Andrews (1897) . . . 683Cook v Th omas (2010) . . . 208Cook’s Settlement Trusts, Re, Royal Exchange
Assurance v Cook (1965) . . . 109, 110, 119Cooke v Clayworth (1811) . . . 670Cooke v Cooke (1987) . . . 200Cooke v Gilbert (1892), CA . . . 604Cooke v Head (1972), CA . . . 72Cookson v Lee (1853), CA . . . 444Coombes v Smith (1986) . . . 207, 222Cooper (Colin), Re, Le Neve-Foster v National
Provincial Bank Ltd (1939), CA . . . 138Cooper v PRG Powerhouse Ltd (2008) . . . 178Cooper and Allen’s Contract for Sale to Harlech,
Re (1876) . . . 459, 460Co-operative Insurance Society Ltd v Argyll
Stores (Holdings) Ltd (1997), HL . . . 655, 656Co-operative Insurance Society Ltd v
Centremoor Ltd (1983), CA . . . 705Cooper’s Conveyance Trusts Re, Crewdson v
Bagot (1956) . . . 174, 255, 335Corelli, Re, Watt v Bridges (1943) . . . 273Corin v Patton (1990) . . . 88Cornish v Midland Bank plc (Humes, third
party) (1985), CA . . . 699Corsellis, Re, Lawton v Elwes (1887), CA . . . 438Corvisy v Corvisy (1982) . . . 612Costa & Duppe Properties Pty Ltd v Duppe
(1986) . . . 18, 85Cothay v Sydenham (1788) . . . 407Cottam v Eastern Counties Rly Co
(1860) . . . 400Cotter Re, Jennings v Nye (1915) . . . 370, 373Coulthard v Disco Mix Club Ltd (1999) . . . 529,
530Coulthurst, Re, Coutts & Co v Coulthurst (1951),
CA . . . 262, 293Countryside Residential (North Th ames Ltd) v
A Child (2000), CA . . . 224Courage Group’s Pension Schemes, Re,
Ryan v Imperial Brewing and Leisure Ltd (1987) . . . 179
Courtenay v Courtenay (1846) . . . 386Cowan v Scargill (1985) . . . 19, 373, 397, 416,
424, 428Cowan de Groot Properties Ltd v Eagle Trust plc
(1992) . . . 163Cowcher v Cowcher (1972) . . . 7Cowley (Lord) v Byas (1877), CA . . . 562
Cowper v Laidler (1903) . . . 565Cowper v Stoneham (1893) . . . 516Cox v Barnard (1850) . . . 118Cox v Jones (2004) . . . 220Cox v Middleton (1854) . . . 652Cox v Smith (1868) . . . 670Coxen, Re, McCallum v Coxen (1948) . . . 251,
483Coys v Autocherish Ltd (2004) . . . 591Cozens, Re, Green v Brisley (1913) . . . 104CPT Custodian Property Ltd v Commissioner of
State Revenue (2005) . . . 17Crabb v Arun District Council (1976),
CA . . . 207, 212, 213, 216Crabb v Crabb (1834) . . . 185Craddock Bros Ltd v Hunt (1923), CA . . . 701,
704Cradock v Piper (1850) . . . 438Cradock v Scottish Provident Institution (1893);
aff d (1894), CA . . . 686Cradock v Witham (1895) . . . 365Crane v Davis (1981) . . . 183Crane v Hegeman-Harris Co Inc (1939); on
appeal (1939), CA . . . 703, 710Cranleigh Precision Engineering Ltd v Bryant
(1964) . . . 614Cranston, Re, Webb v Oldfi eld (1898) . . . 281Cranstoun, Re, National Provincial Bank
v Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufacturers and Commerce (1932) . . . 273
Craven (Inspector of Taxes) v White (1989), HL . . . 28
Craven’s Estate, Re, Lloyds Bank v Cockburn (1937) . . . 125, 126, 128, 496
Crawley Borough Council v Ure (1995), CA . . . 486
Crawley Model Railway Society, Re (2006) . . . 284
Creaglean v Hazen (1999) . . . 48Cream Holdings Ltd v Banerjee (2004) . . . 590,
591Credit Lyonnais Bank Nederland NV v Burch
(1996), CA . . . 697Credit Suisse Fides Trust SA v Cuoghi (1997),
CA . . . 628, 630, 643Crest Homes plc v Marks (1987), HL . . . 644Crisp v Mullings (1974); on appeal (1975),
CA . . . 190Criterion Properties plc v Stratford UK
Properties LLC (2004) . . . 156Croft on v Ormsby (1806) . . . 674Crompton & Co Ltd, Re, Player v Crompton &
Co Ltd (1914) . . . 682
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Table of Cases xxix
Croome v Croome (1888), CA; aff d (1889), HL . . . 175
Cross, Re, Harston v Tenison (1882), CA . . . 522Crossco No 4 Unlimited v Jolan Ltd (2011) . . . 73,
220Crow v Wood (1850) . . . 680Crowden v Aldridge (1993) . . . 41Crowe, Re (1979) . . . 339Crowe v Appleby (Inspector of Taxes) (1975);
aff d (1976),CA . . . 412Crowe v Stevedoring Employees Retirement
Fund Pty Ltd (2003) . . . 403Crowhurst Park, Re, Sims-Hilditch v Simmons
(1974) . . . 366Crown Dilman plc v Sutton (2004) . . . 152Crowther v Brophy (1992) . . . 62Crutchley v Jerningham (1817) . . . 651Cud v Rutter sub nom Cuddee v Rutter
(1720) . . . 653Cuff Knox, Re (1963) . . . 85Cull’s Trusts, Re (1875) . . . 407, 485Cullen v A-G for Ireland (1866) . . . 131Cumberland Consolidated Holdings Ltd v
Ireland (1946), CA . . . 168Cummins, Re, Cummins v Th ompson (1971),
CA . . . 194Cummins v Perkins (1899), CA . . . 683Cunnack v Edwards (1896), CA . . . 66Cunningham and Bradley’s Contract for Sale to
Wilson, Re (1877) . . . 376Cunningham and Frayling, Re (1891) . . . 76Curley v Parkes (2004) . . . 181Curnick v Tucker (1874) . . . 49Curnock v CIR (2003) . . . 128Currant v Jago (1844) . . . 184, 186Currie, Re , McClelland v Gamble (1985) . . . 339Curtis, Re, Hawes v Curtis (1885) . . . 190, 343Curtis v Perry (1802) . . . 233Customs and Excise Comrs v Anchor Foods Ltd
(1999) . . . 583, 633Customs and Excise Comrs v Barclays Bank plc
(2006) . . . 627, 634Customs and Excise Comrs v Richmond Th eatre
Management Ltd (1995) . . . 49Cutler v Wandsworth Stadium Ltd (1949),
HL . . . 556
DD (a child) v O (2004) . . . 474, 505D (a minor), Re (1992), CA . . . 555D (statutory will), Re (2011) . . . 47DFT v TDF (2010) . . . 563DHN Food Distributors Ltd v Tower Hamlets
London Borough Council (1976), CA . . . 169, 222, 224
DPR Futures Ltd, Re (1989) . . . 632D’Abo v Paget (2000) . . . 480Dacre, Re, Whitaker v Dacre (1916) CA . . . 518D’Adhemar (Viscountess) v Bertrand
(1865) . . . 362, 377, 378Dadourian Group International Inc v Simms
(2006) . . . 638, 639Dagle, Re (1990) . . . 185Dagnall v JL Freedman & Co (a fi rm) (1993),
HL . . . 479Daiches v Bluelake Investments Ltd
(1985) . . . 684Dale, Re, Proctor v Dale (1994) . . . 139Dale v IRC (1954), HL . . . 438Daley’s Estate, Re (1988) . . . 249Dalgety Wine Estates Pty Ltd v Rizzon
(1979) . . . 604d’Altroy’s Will Trusts, Re, Crane v Lowman
(1968) . . . 173Daly v Sydney Stock Exchange (1986), HC of
A . . . 176Dalziel, Re, Midland Bank Executor and
Trustee Co Ltd v St Bartholomew’s Hospital (1943) . . . 256
Dance v Goldingham (1873) . . . 460, 623Danchevsky v Danchevsky (1975), CA . . . 577D’Angibau, Re, Andrews v Andrews (1879),
CA . . . 110, 118Daniel v Drew (2005) . . . 694Daniel v Ferguson (1891), CA . . . 559Daniells v Mendonca (1999), CA . . . 568Daniels v Daniels’ Estate (1992) . . . 63Danish Bacon Co Ltd Staff Pension Fund, Re,
Christensen v Arnett (1971) . . . 92, 96Dann v Spurrier (1802) . . . 208Darashah v UFAC (UK) Ltd (1982), CA . . . 631Dargie, Re, Miller Th ornton-Jones
(1954) . . . 478Darke v Williamson (1855) . . . 476Darling, Re, Farquhar v Darling (1896) . . . 269Darlington Borough Council v Wiltshier
Northern Ltd (1994), CA . . . 113Darlow v Sparks (1938) . . . 127Darwin Cyclone Tracy Relief Fund Trust, Re
(1979) . . . 259Dashwood v Lord of Bulkeley (1804) . . . 231Dataforce Pty Ltd v Brambles Holdings Ltd
(1988) . . . 607Davenport v Bishopp (1843); aff d (1846) . . . 109,
119David (Lawrence) Ltd v Ashton (1991),
CA . . . 589Davies (Paul A) (Australia) Pty Ltd (in
liquidation) v Davies (1983) . . . 152
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xxx Table of Cases
Davies v Otty (No 2) (1865) . . . 98Davies v Perpetual Trustee, Co Ltd (1959),
PC . . . 287Davies v Sharples (2006) . . . 528, 530Davies’ Trusts, Re (1914) . . . 485Davis, Re, Hannen v Hillyer (1902) . . . 346Davis v Duke of Marlborough (1819) . . . 711Davis v Hone (1805) . . . 650, 672Davis v Hutchings (1907) . . . 407Davis v Richards and Wallington Industries Ltd
(1991) . . . 75, 173, 179Davstone Estates Ltd’s Leases, Re, Manprop Ltd
v O’Dell (1969) . . . 483Davy v Scarth (1906) . . . 679Davy International Ltd v Tazzyman (1997),
CA . . . 576Dawkins, Re, Dawkins v Judd (1986) . . . 243Dawson’s Settlement, Re, Lloyds Bank Ltd v
Dawson (1966) . . . 174Day v Brownrigg (1878), CA . . . 553Day v Mead (1987), NZCA . . . 7Deakins v Hookings (1993) . . . 605Dean, Re, Cooper-Dean v Stevens (1889) . . . 62,
275Dean v Stout (Th e trustee in bankruptcy of
Dean) (2005) . . . 203Dean and Westham Holdings Pty Ltd v Lloyd
(1990) . . . 102, 654Dean’s Will Trusts, Re, Cowan v Board of
Governors of St Mary’s Hospital, Paddington (1950) . . . 271
Dearle v Hall (1823) . . . 407De Bruyne v De Bruyne (2010) . . . 73Debtor, Re, ex p Debtor v Dodwell (Trustee)
(1949) . . . 396De Cliff ord’s (Lord) Estate, Re, Lord De Cliff ord
v Quilter (1900) . . . 532, 533De Falco v Crawley Borough Council (1980),
CA . . . 592De Francesco v Barnum (1890) . . . 658, 659Defries v Creed (1865) . . . 680Deg v Deg (1727) . . . 89De Hoghton v Money (1866), CA . . . 653Delaney, Re, Conoley v Quick (1902) . . . 259,
286Delaney v Chen (2010) . . . 240Delgoff e v Fader (1939) . . . 123, 126Delius, Re, Emanuel v Rosen (1957) . . . 259Delius’ Will Trusts, Re (1957) . . . 264Delmar Charitable Trust, Re (1897) . . . 267Delves v Gray (1902) . . . 444De Mattos v Gibson (1858); on appeal
(1859) . . . 609
De Mestre v West (1891), PC . . . 108De Molestian v Ponton (2002) . . . 700Denley’s Trust Deed, Re, Holman v HH Martyn
& Co Ltd (1969) . . . 61, 66Denman v Lord Chancellor’s Department
(2004) . . . 321Denne v Light (1857) . . . 670Dennis v McDonald (1982), CA . . . 203Dennis v Ministry of Defence (2003) . . . 601Den Norske Bank ASA v Antonatos (1998),
CA . . . 638, 643, 644, 647Denny v Hancock (1870) . . . 668Densham (a bankrupt), Re, ex p trustee of
bankrupt v Densham (1975) . . . 99Dent v Dent (1995) . . . 169Department of Environment, Food and Rural
Aff airs v Feakins (2004) . . . 240Department of Social Security v Butler (1995),
CA . . . 628Deputy Comr of Taxation (NSW) v
Chamberlain (1990) . . . 668Derby & Co Ltd v Weldon (1990) . . . 636, 637Derby & Co Ltd v Weldon (No 2) (1989),
CA . . . 625, 629, 631, 636, 639, 683Derby & Co Ltd v Weldon (Nos 3 and 4) (1990),
CA . . . 625, 629, 636, 639, 683Derby & Co Ltd v Weldon (No 6) (1990),
CA . . . 625, 626, 635, 637Derry v Peek (1889), HL . . . 692Deschamps v Miller (1908) . . . 555De Sommery, Re, Coelenbier v De Sommery
(1912) . . . 383De Teissier’s Settled Estates, Re, Re De
Teissier’s Trusts, De Teissier v De Teissier (1893) . . . 493
Detmold, Re, Detmold v Detmold (1889) . . . 79Deutsche Morgan Grenfell Group plc v IRC
(2006) . . . 408Deutsche Ruckversicherung AG v Walbrook
Insurance Co Ltd (1995), CA . . . 592Devaynes v Noble, Clayton’s Case (1816) . . . 546,
547Devey v Th ornton (1851) . . . 407De Vitre v Betts (1873) . . . 689Dewar, Re, Dewar v Brooke (1885) . . . 448Dewar v Dewar (1976) . . . 359Dewar v Nustock Pastoral Co Pty Ltd
(1994) . . . 544Dewhirst’s Trusts, Re (1886), CA . . . 370De Wind v Wedge (2008) . . . 695Dibbens (E) & Sons Ltd (in liquidation), Re
(1990) . . . 177Dibble v Pfl uger (2010) . . . 201
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Table of Cases xxxi
Dick, Re, Lopes v Hume-Dick (1891), CA; aff d sub nom Hume v Lopes (1892), HL . . . 415, 420
Dickens v Harris (1866) . . . 681Dicker v Popham Radford & Co (1890) . . . 561Dickinson v Burrell (1866) . . . 24Dickinson v Grand Junction Canal Co
(1852) . . . 604Dietman v Brent London Borough Council
(1987); aff d (1988), CA . . . 659Diggles, Re, Gregory v Edfmondson (1888),
CA . . . 50Digital Equipment Corpn v Darkcrest Ltd
(1984) . . . 580Dillon, Re, Duffi n v Duffi n (1890), CA . . . 123,
127, 129Dillwyn v Llewellyn (1862) . . . 206, 212Dimbleby & Sons Ltd v National Union of
Journalists (1984), HL . . . 593Dimes v Scott (1828) . . . 511, 512Dingle v Turner (1972), HL . . . 287, 288, 291, 293Diplock, Re, Diplock v Wintle (1947); on appeal
(1948), CA; aff d sub nom Ministry of Health v Simpson (1951), HL . . . 6, 154, 206, 406, 540, 541, 543, 546, 547, 548, 549
Director General of Fair Trading v Buckland (1990) . . . 573
Director General of Fair Trading v Pioneer Concrete (UK) Ltd (1994), HL . . . 572–574
Director General of Fair Trading v Smiths Concrete Ltd (1991), CA . . . 574
Director General of Fair Trading v Tobyward Ltd (1989) . . . 583
Distributori Automatici Italia SPA v Holford General Trading Co Ltd (1985) . . . 640
Distributors and Warehousing Ltd, Re (1986) . . . 710
Diwell v Farnes (1959), CA . . . 181Dixon v Dixon (1879) . . . 191, 516Dixon v Dixon (1904) . . . 680Docker v Somes (1834) . . . 516Docwra, Re, Docwra v Faith (1885) . . . 76Dodds v Tuke (1884) . . . 476Dodkin v Brunt (1868) . . . 358, 371Dodsley v Kinnersley (1761) . . . 650Dodsworth v Dodsworth (1973), CA . . . 215, 216Doe d Chidgey v Harris (1847) . . . 383Doering v Doering (1889) . . . 518Doherty v Allman (or Allen) (1878), HL . . . 591,
604, 610Doland, Re, (1970) . . . 703Doleman & Sons v Ossett Corpn (1912),
CA . . . 666
Dollfus v Pickford (1854) . . . 594Doloret v Rothschild (1824) . . . 650Dominion Coal Co Ltd v Dominion Iron and
Steel Co Ltd and National Trust Co Ltd (1909), PC . . . 653
Dominion Students’ Hall Trust, Re, Dominion Students’ Hall Trust v A-G (1947) . . . 331, 336
Don King Productions Inc v Warren (1998); aff d (2000), CA . . . 30, 51, 410
Donald v Ntuli (Guardian News and Media Ltd intervening) (2010) . . . 563
Donnell v Bennett (1883) . . . 605Doody, Re, Fisher v Doody (1893), CA . . . 438Double Happiness Trust, Re (2003) . . . 53Dougan v Macpherson (1902) . . . 446Douglas, Re, Douglas v Simpson (1905) . . . 269,
275Douglas, Re, Obert v Barrow (1887), CA . . . 63,
254Douglas v Andrews (1849) . . . 470Douglas v Hello! Ltd (2001), CA . . . 588Douglas v Hello! Ltd (No 3) (2007) . . . 613, 616,
617, 618Douglas’s Will Trusts, Re, Lloyds Bank Ltd v
Nelson (1959); aff d (1959), CA . . . 419Dove v Everard (1830) . . . 382Dove’s Will Trust, Re, Hedley v Dove
(1939) . . . 385Dover Coalfi eld Extension Ltd, Re (1908),
CA . . . 146Downes v Bullock (1858); aff d sub nom Bullock v
Downes (1860) . . . 525Downing v Taxation Comr of Commonwealth
of Australia (1971) . . . 276Downshire Settled Estates, Re, Marquess of
Downshire v Royal Bank of Scotland (1953), CA . . . 494, 495, 498
Downsview Nominees Ltd v First City Corpn Ltd (1993), PC . . . 687
Dowse v Gorton (1891), HL . . . 475, 476Dowson v Solomon (1859) . . . 669Drake’s Settlement, Re (1926) . . . 391Drakeford v Wilks (1747) . . . 134Draper v British Optical Association
(1938) . . . 562Drexel Burnham Lambert UK Pension Plan, Re
(1995) . . . 437Drexler (George) Ofrex Foundation (Trustees) v
IRC (1966) . . . 294Dreyfus (Camille and Henry) Foundation Inc v
IRC (1956), HL . . . 256Driffi ll, Re, Harvey v Chamberlain
(1950) . . . 276
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xxxii Table of Cases
Drosier v Brereton (1851) . . . 509Druiff v Lord Parker (1868) . . . 702Drummond, Re, Ashworth v Drummond
(1914) . . . 64, 262Dubai Aluminium Co Ltd v Salaam
(2002) . . . 71, 155, 156, 167Duckwari plc (no.2), Re (1999) . . . 148Duddell, Re, Roundway v Roundway
(1932) . . . 141Duddy v Gresham (1878) . . . 231Duder v Amsterdamsch Trustees Kantoor
(1902) . . . 678Dudgeon, Re, Truman v Pope (1896) . . . 262Dudman, Re, Dudman v Dudman (1925) . . . 124Duffi eld v Elwes (1827), HL . . . 123, 127Dufour v Pereira (1769) . . . 139, 140Dugdale, Re, Dugdale v Dugdale (1888) . . . 78,
212Duggan v Governor of Full Sutton Prison
(2004) . . . 77Duke Group Ltd (in liquidation) v Pilmer (1999);
on appeal sub nom Pilmer v Duke Group (in liquidation) (2001) . . . 7, 145
Dumbell, Re, ex p Hughes, ex p Lyon (1802) . . . 443, 444
Dunbar v Dunbar (1909) . . . 190Duncan v Worrall (1822) . . . 711Duncuft v Albrecht (1841) . . . 654Dundee General Hospitals Board of
Management v Walker (1952) . . . 397, 488Dunford and Elliott Ltd v Johnson and Firth
Brown Ltd (1976), CA . . . 589Dunn, Re, Brinklow v Singleton (1904) . . . 478,
680Dunn v Flood (1885),CA . . . 460Dunn v Rio Properties (2004) . . . 684Dunne v Byrne (1912), PC . . . 267, 268, 270Dunning v Earl of Gainsborough (1885) . . . 512Duport Steels Ltd v Sirs (1980), HL . . . 593Dupree’s Deed Trusts, Re, Daley v Lloyds Bank
(1945) . . . 265Du Preez Ltd v KSP (Isle of Man) Ltd
(2009–2010) . . . 178Du Sautoy v Symes (1967) . . . 674Duxbury’s Settlement Trusts, Re (1994),
CA . . . 390Dyer v Dyer (1788) . . . 180, 182Dyno-Rod v Reeve (1999) . . . 585Dyrlund Smith A/S v Turberville Smith Ltd
(1998), CA . . . 586Dyson v A-G (1911), CA . . . 372Dyson v Lum (1866) . . . 443, 444
Dyster v Randall & Sons (1926) . . . 672, 673
EE v Channel Four Television Corp (2005) . . . 590E, L, O and R Trusts, Re (2008) . . . 435ETI Euro Telecom International NV v Republic
of Bolivia (2008) . . . 629ETK v News Group Newspapers Ltd
(2011) . . . 618EVTR, Re, Gilbert v Barber (1987), CA . . . 178Eads v Williams (1854) . . . 669, 674Eagle Trust plc v SBC Securities Ltd
(1992) . . . 157, 159, 167Earl of Chesterfi eld’s Trusts, Re (1883) . . . 430,
432Early v Garrett (1829) . . . 693East, Re, Re Bellwood’s Will Trusts
(1873) . . . 362East v Pantiles (Plant Hire) Ltd (1982),
CA . . . 703East Sussex County Council v Stedman
(2009) . . . 624Eastbourne Mutual Building Society v Hastings
Corpn (1965) . . . 40Eastern Capital Futures Ltd (in liquidation), Re
(1989) . . . 546Eastern Counties Rly Co v Hawkes
(1855) . . . 661Eastes, Re, Pain v Paxon (1948) . . . 271Easton v Brown (1981) . . . 674Easton v Landor (1892), CA . . . 479Eastwood v Lever (1863) . . . 564Eaton, Re, Daines v Eaton (1894) . . . 430Eaton, Re, Shaw v Midland Bank Executor and
Trustee Co Ltd (1964) . . . 482Eaton v Bennett (1865) . . . 705Eaton v Buchanan (1911), HL . . . 397, 463Eaves v Hickson (1861) . . . 406Eddis v Chichester Constable (1969); aff d (1969),
CA . . . 550Eden, Re, Ellis v Crampton (1957