www.mission-priorities.co.uk1st Edition, J uly 2003TTThhheeeEEEQQQUUUIII PPPMMMEEENNNTTTLLLIII SSSTTTIII NNNGGGMMMooodddeeerrrnnn EEEqqquuuiiipppmmmeeennnttt fffooorrrCCCooonnnttteeemmmpppooorrraaarrryyy RRRooollleee PPPlllaaayyyiiinnnggg GGGaaammmeeesss2ContentsCONTENTS.......................................................................................................................2I NTRODUCTI ON..............................................................................................................3CLOTHI NG.......................................................................................................................7CARRYI NG.....................................................................................................................13WI LDERNESS SURVI VAL.............................................................................................21NAVI GATI ON AND SI GNALLI NG..................................................................................26MEDI CAL.......................................................................................................................31MARI NE.........................................................................................................................34MOUNTAI NEERI NG.......................................................................................................37AIRBORNE.....................................................................................................................40COMMUNI CATI ONS......................................................................................................43SURVEI LLANCE.............................................................................................................50DETECTI ON EQUI PMENT .............................................................................................................................................50VI SI ON EQUI PMENT ...................................................................................................................................................51SOUND EQUI PMENT ....................................................................................................................................................53COMPUTI NG..................................................................................................................56TOOLS...........................................................................................................................58SUPPORT WEAPONS.....................................................................................................62BODY ARMOUR.............................................................................................................64DEMOLI TI ONS AND EXPLOSI VES................................................................................68EXPLOSI VES ................................................................................................................................................................68PYROTECHNI C DEVI CES AND GEAR............................................................................................................................69GRENADES AND MI NES................................................................................................72HAND GRENADES........................................................................................................................................................72MI NES.........................................................................................................................................................................73POST SCRI PT................................................................................................................753I ntroductionThe Equipment Listing is a generic listing ofequipmentforallmodern/ contemporaryrole-playinggames.Theaimistoprovide,within one cover, as much of the equipmentneeds of players and referees as possible.The listing has been designed to make it as easy aspossibletofindwhatyouwant.I tsbrokendownintochapters,containingequipmentofasimilarnatureandpurpose.Sometimesitisnecessarytohop between chapters; where appropriate there arecross-references to point you in the right direction.What The Equipment Listing Is(And What It Isnt):Thefollowingsectionsexplainbroadlywhateachchaptercontainsandwhatthefocushasbeeninputtingtogetherthelistofequipment.However,before this it is useful to explain a few things thatTheEquipmentListingisnotanddoesnotpurport to be:ExhaustiveWe dont pretend to have included every item thatacharactermightconceivablywant.However,wedohopethatwhatishereisacomprehensivelistcoveringmostneeds.I ftheresaspecificpieceofkit that youre looking for that isnt here, use the e-maillinkonthewebsitetoletusknowwhatyouthinkwevemissedout.Alternatively,ifyouhavefoundsomethingelsethatmightfitwithwhatshere already, wed like to include it.A Catalogue of I tems for SaleI tsoundsridiculous,butpreviousversionsofthislistinghaveresultedinanumberofsalesandpurchasing enquiries by e-mail! J ust for the record,TheEquipmentListingisforrole-playinggames.We do not buy or sell anything!A Weapons ListingWhilstthereareafewweaponslistedunderSupportWeapons,thisisnotintendedtobealistingofweapons.Manyotherwebpageshavedonethatalready.Andbesides,I mnotreallyagun-nut anyway.A Note on Branding:Weliveinaworldwheregoodideasrarelystayunique for long. I t is very common for many of theitems contained within TheEquipmentListing tobemanufacturedbymorethanonecompany.Thesecompanieswillproducetheitemtobroadlysimilar specifications, with minor and / or cosmeticvariations.I nsuchcases,productbrandinghasbeen ignored.However,sometimesaproducthasbeenincludedfromacompanythathasauniqueproduct(orrelatively so). I n such cases where the branding isimportant, this has been referred to in the listing.Chapter by ChapterIntroductions1: ClothingHavingappropriateclothingtodothejobmayseemlikeapedanticdetail,butitcanoftenbecrucialtosuccess.I tsnotaboutafashionstatement;itsasimplematterofpracticalitythatthewrongclothingcanleadtoproblemswithsurvival, injury or simply being conspicuous.Whilstthereareenoughitemsofgeneralclothingavailabletocharacterstofillseveralvolumes(witnessyouraveragemail-ordercatalogue),thissectionisintendedtocoveritemsofclothingthathaveaspecialiseduse.Principallyitcoversprotectiveclothing,butalsothereareitemsofworking dress included where they are of particularnote.2: CarryingI ts all very well having the tools to do a job, but animportant part is often being able to carry themtothejob.Carryingequipmentcomesinallshapesandsizes.Someisdesignedtoprotecttheitems4carried,otherstoconcealthemorcarrythemconveniently.Othersaresimplytheretolookstylish, and this chapter provides a selection of all.3: Wilderness SurvivalAswellasappropriateclothing,thechancesofsurvivalofoperativesinthewildernessoragainstchallengingenvironmentalconditionscanbegreatlyimprovedthroughselectionoftherightequipment.Some of the equipment in this section might seemlikecarryingdeadweighttothosegearedupintheirmind-setsolelyforaction.Andwhentheactionstarts,thoseguysprobablyhaveavalidpoint. However, until the action starts, you need tomake sure that you have the tools to keep yourselfin the best possible state. When things do kick off,this is probably the first kit you drop when you un-sling your sidearm.4: Navigation and SignallingSeparatefromthegearthatcharactersneedtosurviveinamoderatelycomfortablemannerinthewild is kit to aid them in moving around and finding/beingfoundbyothers.ThischaptercontainsarangeofkitfromhightechnologygearlikeGPSreceiverstooneoftheoldestsignallingdevicesknown to man, the heliograph.ThedistinctionbetweenthissectionandtheCommunicationschapteristhatnoneofthecommunicatingdevicescontainedundersignallingaredevicesforexchangingwrittenorspokenwords. At the very best they can be used for MorseCode.5: MedicalTheunfortunaterealityforcharactersisthattheyoftenworkinanenvironmentwherepersonalinjuryisalmostguaranteedatsomepoint.Whilemost people worry about their cholesterol and lovehandles,charactersgettofretaboutthemanywaysmanhasdevelopedtodoawaywithhisfellow man.Most teams like some peace of mind, and balancedteamsshouldhaveasmanycharactersabletoadministerfirstaidaspossible;thischapterprovidestheequipmenttomakesuretheycan.Noneofthiswillsupplyafieldhospitalbutitanumber of levels of kit are available.Awoundedpersonhasthegreatestchanceofsurvivaliftheymakeithospitalinlessthananhour.Thisperiodissometimescalledthegoldenhourandthekitsshownaredesignedtostabiliseand prepare for movement, not to treat the woundat the scene. Teams that are operating away frommedevac facilities are not specially catered for; thelevelsofequipmentrequiredareprohibitivelyexpensiveandbulky.Theequipmentshownisdesignedmainlytodealwithtraumaticinjury;medicalemergencieslikeheartattacksarenotwhat characters generally worry about.6: MarineOperatinginamarineenvironmentbringsitsownhazards and pitfalls, and often requires specialisedequipment.Mostoftheitemslistedherehaveeitherasafetyoremergencypurpose.Onthewater,thekeyissueisstayingafloatbykeepingtheweightdownandthebuoyancybalanced.Underwater,moreorlesstheoppositeistrue:weightisneededtokeepyoudown,butalsolife-preservingequipmentsuchasabuoyancycompensator is essential in being able to get to thesurface rapidly if required.7: MountaineeringClimbingsheerrockfacesorbuildingsisnotaneasyproposition.Andonceyoureupthere,youhave to get down, often in a hurry. Doing it safelyis a nicety that many operatives like to observe too.Muchofthekitshownhereisincludedforsafetyreasons.I tsnotamajorproblemifyouslip,providedthatyouhaveasafetyropeorhavebelayed your line appropriately. I n these cases, itsjusttimeconsuming(particularlyifyourenottheworldsbestclimber).Havingthepropergear,likealways, makes the risk smaller.8: AirborneJ ustastherearespecialiseditemsofgearforoperatinginamarineenvironment,therearenumerous items specific to operating from aircraft.Whilstthischapterdoesnotattempttocoverallthe gear that a pilot might need, it does provide foralotofthekitthataircrewmightuseandparticularly parachutists.9: CommunicationsCommunications technology made rapid progress inthelasttwodecadesofthetwentiethcentury,creatingarapidlyburgeoningconsumermarket.5Ratherthandetailalltypesofcommunicationsdeviceavailable,thissectionconcentratesuponpersonal communications devices, as these are thesystemsthatcharactersaremostlikelytobeinterested in.10: SurveillanceOneofthebasicrulesofstrategyistogatherintelligenceonanobjectivebeforeyoumovein.Sometimesgatheringtheintelligenceisanoperation in its own right. Characters need to stayone step ahead of the opposition; seeing or hearingit happen first gives them the drop in this field.Thissectiondetailsaselectionofsurveillanceandcounter-surveillance equipment used by the militaryand civilians alike (although most of the equipmentused by the military is commercially available). Foreaseofuse,thischapterisdividedintothreesections:detectionequipment,visionequipmentand sound equipment.11: ComputingThefieldofcomputerschangessoquicklythatassoon as an item of computer gear is listed, the nextgenerationisnotfarfromthemarket.Thepowerofmostmoderncomputersandmulti-taskingsoftwareallowsahighdegreeofinterlinkingwithothersystems.PCsandlaptopscanbelinkedtoradiotransceivers,allowingthemtoreceivedatafrommultipleimagingdevices(suchascameras),sound devices (such as microphones) and trackingdevices,whichthenpermittheusertocarryoutfurther analysis using the PC. This chapter providesingeneraltermsadescriptionofthekindofkitavailable.12: ToolsOn some assignments the tools of the trade arentshootingironsandbrainpower.Sometimesyouneed a little bit of precision craftsmanship, a touchoffinesseorquitesimplyalittlebitofmanuallabour.Manyofthespecialisttoolsthatoperativesmayrequirearealsoavailablethroughhirecompanies.Any item with a cross symbol (U)nexttoitscostbelowcanbehiredateither10%ofitscostperday, or 20% of its cost per week.Manyofthetoolsareself-explanatory,anditseems unnecessary to provide descriptions of theirpurpose.Descriptionsareincludedforunusualorspecialiseditemsonly.Thoseitemsthatrequirealittlemoreinformationhaveanasteriskagainstthem,andaredescribedinmoredetailbelow.Extremelyspecialisedtools(suchasthoseforvehicles) are not included.13: Support WeaponsTherearetimeswhensmallarmsandsidearmssimplydontgiveyouthepunchyouneed.Everyteam in combat needs some heavier support; someguysoptforlightmachineguns,butothersprefersomethingalittlemoreimpressive.Theitemsshown below are not intended to be an exhaustivecatalogueofinfantrysupportweapons.However,theyaretheitemsofgearthatplayersmaycommonly request when they need that little bit ofextra firepower.14: Body ArmourSticks and stone might certainly break your bones,butbulletsdoalotmoredamage.ModernKevlargetslighterandlighter,providinglevelsofprotectionthatmeanyoumightjustbeabletosurvive being shot.Thischapterdetailsarangeofcommonmilitaryand police body armour in a range of configurationsand purposes.15: Demolitions and ExplosivesTheequipmentpresentedhereisrelativelydetailed.ManygamessimplylistagenericitemofequipmentsuchasaCombatEngineersDemolitionsKit,containingeverythinginonebag.However,youdontwanttobecarryingstuffyoudontneed,andthatswhyeachitemislistedsothatyoucanpickandchooseasrequired.Forthosewhodontwanttobotherwiththespecifics,somegeneralpacksareincluded(suchaspre-made breaching charges).Someofthedeviceslistedherearebasedupontypical examples of what is available to operatives.Eachnationhasitsownvariationsontheequipmentlistedhere,bothmilitaryandcivilian.However,thepriceswillbeapproximatelythesame, even though, for example, a US M4A1 Pull /Release I gniter is not the piece of kit used in Russia(generally).Forsimplicity,assumetheyarethesame.Thebroadprincipleofcreatinganexplosiongoesthroughfourphases.Thesephasesareequallyapplicabletoself-containedpyrotechnicssuchasgrenadesandmines,astocustom-created6explosions.Thisisparticularlythecasewhenagrenade or mine is used as a booby trap.Thechainstartswiththedetonatororanotherdevice such as a pull-wire, attached to the igniter.Theigniterlightsthefuseortransfersanelectriccurrentthrougheitherdetonatorcordorelectricalwire. The fuse or wire is connected to the explosivebyablastingcap,whichgeneratesatriggeringexplosionintheexplosive.Togenerateanexplosionrequireseachoftheappropriateelements to be in place.Preparingpyrotechnicsalsorequirescertaintools,especially pliers and a knife, to shape and preparethechargesandlinktheelementsinthechain.Should these not be available, the difficulty of thetask increases.16: Grenades and MinesThevarietyofhandgrenadesandminesinusebyeven one countrys armed forces is relatively large,andtolisteachspecificgrenadeherewouldbelargelyrepetitive.I nsteadgrenadesareclassifiedherebytype,andsincemostgrenadeswithinacategoryareverysimilarintermsofsize,weightand blast, the packaging is simply a matter of localcolour.Thecombatstatisticsforeachgrenadeareshowninthedetailedgame-specificappendices.Therange given for grenades is the effective range thatan average person can throw the grenade with anacceptabledegreeofaccuracy.Theblastradiusisthe danger area for the grenade this is composedofakillingradiusneartheheartoftheexplosionandacasualty-producingradiussurroundingthis.However, although, for example, the blast radius ofatypicalfragmentationgrenadeis15metres,thisisthecasualtyradius,andfragmentscandisperseas far away as over 200 metres from the blast.A Final Note: CopyrightJ ustasafinalnote,allthematerialcontainedwithinthisdocumentiscopyrighttotheoriginalauthors. I t is made available here for the personal(i.e.notprofit-making)useofrole-players.Pleasedont abuse this.7ClothingBalaclavasAbalaclavaisanextremelypracticalitemofclothingforcoldweather,butisalsofavouredbycriminalsandlawenforcement/militaryagenciesalike for protecting anonymity (as well as adding tothe psychological factor).Twobroadtypesareavailable:thestandardwoollenskibalaclava,intendedpredominantlyforkeeping the head and face warm in extremely coldweather,andtheNomexbalaclava(usedbyanti-terroristunits).Bothofferprotectionagainstcoldweather, but the Nomex version less so. However,itdoeshavetheadvantagethatitalsoprovideslimited protection against flames and heat.BootsNo matter what they say about armies marching ontheir stomachs, the physiological fact is that its thefeetthatdothewalking.Choiceofappropriatefootwear for a combat mission can be essential.I t is also important that characters are able to stayontheirfeetatcrucialtimes,andprovideprotectionagainsttheelementstotheirfeet.Equally,aninappropriatechoicecanleadtounnecessary noise when stealth is essential.Canvas J ungle BootThisisahigh,lightweightcanvasbootwitharubbersole.I tisintendedforsurvivaluseinwarmer and wetter climates where the feet need tobreatheifpossible,andthebootsrequiregooddrainage.Combat BootA standard, hard plastic soled leather boot. This isgoodforall-purposeuse,andofferslimitedprotection against water penetration.Rubber BootThisisasoft-soledbootwithflexibleuppers.I tisintended for increased agility and grip, and is idealfor short assault actions, but not survival use.Safety BootSimilartothecombatboot,thisbootadditionallyoffersmetaltoecapsand/ormetalsoleplates,toprotect the vulnerable areas of the feet.Thermal BootAnothervariationonthebasiccombatboot,thethermalbootincorporatesaman-madethermalliningthatoffersprotectionintemperaturesdownto -25 oC.Chemical Defence SuitThis heavy duty suit comprises a jacket with hood,trousers, shoe covers and gloves, woven from clothandwool,withinsertstoprotectthewearerfromtheeffectsofchemicalagentsonthebattlefield,such as nerve and blood agents. I t must be used inconjunctionwithagasmask.Allcomponentsfittogether tightly and all openings to the suit can besealed.Ear DefendersLightweighteardefenders,designedtobewornunderabalaclavaorKevlarhelmet.Theirspecificpurposeistoreducetheauraleffectofstungrenadesontheuser,allowingthemanedgeincombat.Theearpiecescanalsoaccommodateeither a headphone or headset.8FatiguesMilitarystyleuniform/workingdress,madeofhardwearingmaterial.Thedistinctionbetweenfatiguesandordinaryclothingisthatfatiguesaremadeofharder-wearingmaterial,andhavenumerouspockets,attachingloops,etc.Thereareavastrangeofdifferentpatternsandstylesoffatigues available.Eachnationsmilitaryhasitsownpatternofdisruptivepatternmaterial(calledDPMhereafter-camouflage),aswellasworkingdress,butinessencetheyarebroadlysimilaranddifferencesareamatterofpersonalpreference.Fatiguesconsist primarily of a cap or beret, jacket / smock,shirt, t-shirt, trousers, belt, underwear, and boots.EquatorialTheequivalentofBritishArmyNumbers7and9dress:awide-brimmedorfloppyhat,lightweightloose-fittingtrousers,canvasandrubberboots,loose-fittinglong-sleevedshirtandjacket,witht-shirt or vest.TemperateTheequivalentofBritishArmyNumbers2,8and14 dress: as the basic fatigues above.Temperate CoverallsTheequivalentofBritishArmyNumber12dress:overalls,flame-resistantcoveralls,etc.overthestandard temperate fatigues.Cool TemperateTheequivalentofBritishArmyNumber13dress,adding a sweater to the temperate fatigues.Cold WeatherThe same as cool temperate fatigues, with thermalinsertsforthejacket,woollyhat,thermalgloves(seeabove)fleecelinedboots,andthermalunderwear.Snow CoverallsThisisawhitejacket,trousersandover-shoes,wornovercoldweatherfatiguestoprovidecamouflageagainstsnow.SnowcoverallsaretypicallymadeofGore-Tex,awater-resistantbutbreathable fabric.Nomex Assault SuitThis is a loose-fitting assault suit is used commonlybyspecialforcesanti-terroristunitsandpoliceSWATspecialistsintacticalsituations.I tissimilartoastandardjumpsuitandiswornoverlightclothing,buthasadditionalpocketsforstoringequipment,andahood.Theanklesandcuffsareelasticated.Fatigue Types:Plain(Khaki, Olive,Black orWhite)WoodlandDPMDesert DPM J ungle DPM Urban DPMEquatorial Temperate Temperate Coveralls Cool Temperate Cold Weather Snow Coveralls Nomex Assault Suit 9GaitersGaiters are a covering for the lower leg and ankle,sealingthegapbetweenthetrouserlegandtheboot. This is important in all climates, preventing orreducing the intrusion of solids into the foot and legareas.Gaitersprotectfromsandandgritinbootandinsectsandleechesonlegs.Theycannothoweverpreventtheintrusionofwaterintobootsin cases where the feet are constantly immersed inwater (such as in jungle climates)Gas MaskThere are various models in use around the world,butthebasicpurposeremainsthesame.Thegasmask(suchastheUSM17/M17A1mask)isaprotectivemaskagainstgasesthatcauseharmwheninhaled.Combinedwithachemicaldefencesuit(q.v.)itcanalsobeusedagainstnerveandblood agents.Thefiltersinthemaskrequirereplacementafteraroundayearofconstantuse.Thereisalsoanattachment to most masks that enables the wearertodrinkfromacanteenwithoutremovingthemask.Ghillie Suit /BlanketThisisacomplexoverall-typegarment,madeofrags and burlap sewn into place on a grid / matrixof a Nomex flight suit. I t is worn over DPM fatiguesandwithattachmentsoffoliagetodisrupttheoutlineofthebodyandmakeitindistinguishablefrom the background. Obviously, this is only usefulinenvironmentswherethereissomematchingfoliage as part of the background camouflage (i.e.it is difficult to pretend to be a bush in the middleofasnowcoveredfield!).I tincludesabodysuitandameshhelmet/headcover.I tisparticularlyused for covert sniping operations.The ghillie blanket is basically the same as the suit,exceptinablanketshape(3x3metres),andisdraped over equipment.Ghillie suits are intended for use in cool-temperateforest, since one of their main disadvantages is thattheycangethotifwornforprolongedperiods.They are also heavy and a considerable fire hazard.GlovesJ ust like boots, gloves come in all shapes and sizes,forvaryingpurposes.Thebasicpurposeistoprotectordisguisethehands,whetheritisfromheat,moisture,transferoftoxicorbio-hazardoussubstances, or simply to avoid leaving fingerprints.LatexUltra-thin,disposablesurgicallatexgloves,intendedprincipallyformedicaluse.Theyhavehoweverfoundtheirwayintovariousotheruses:theyareusefulforhandlingheat-sensitiveexplosivesandalsoforwearingwhenfingerprintscannotbeleft(butperhapsthewearerdoesnotwish to be seen to be wearing gloves).LeatherThese are high quality, thin leather gloves, enablingthewearertoperformrelativelydextrousoperations,whilstretainingtheabilitynottoleavefingerprints,orsimplytoprotectthehandsfromtheelements.Thewearercancarryoutactivitiessuchasfiringaweapon,butmoredelicateoperations (such as picking a lock) are not possible.Nomex /KevlarLightweight gloves with Kevlar backs, designed forpoliceandmilitaryuse.Theyofferlimitedprotectionforthebacksofthehands(butnotsufficienttobeclassedasarmour),protectionforthe palms, good grip and the use of weapons. Theyalsoofferprotectiontothepalms,whichcanbeimportantwhenrappellingorabseiling.SpecialoperationsforcesandpoliceSWATteamsparticularly favour them.RappellingToughleathergloveswithreinforcedpalms,designedforropehandlingandspecificallyrappelling / fast-roping.ThermalPadded,wind-proofgloveswithaGore-Texouterdesignedpurelytoprotectthewearerfromtheelements. They do not permit any activity requiringdexterity beyond that to hold an item (such as a ski10stick).Theyadditionallyhavetiecordstoenablethemtobetiedaroundthewrist,sincelosingaglove in cold weather can be catastrophic.GogglesProtecting the eyes is very important, whether it isfrom small flying fragments, smoke or bright light.Desert GogglesThesearemadeofclearpolycarbonate,withatoughenedlensdesignedtoprotectthewearertointernational safety standard level. They specificallyprotectagainstflyingfragmentsandspraymist.Thelensissurroundedbyflexibleplasticforcomfortandthereareventilationholestopreventthegogglesmistingover.Thegogglesareheldinplacebyathickelasticstrip.Theyalsofeatureadetachable tinted ultra-violet shade.Safety GogglesSafety goggles are similar to desert goggles, exceptthat they do not feature the tinted shade. They aresuitedwelltotasksinvolvingcuttingorspraying,but also firing a weapon.Ski GogglesThesearesimilartosafetygogglesbutareadditionallytintedandshieldedfromultra-violetradiation (basically the same as desert goggles, butthe shade is not removable).Skydiving Goggles are detailed in the chapteron Airborne gear.Insignia and LogosI nsigniaorlogoscanbeaddedtoanyuniformorcasual clothing in order to increase authenticity, orenableimpersonationofcorporatepersonnelorofficials.Wheresuchinsigniaareuncommon,itshouldbeborneinmindthatthepersonproducingtheinsignia must be able to see what they are copying.Additionally,someinsigniamayberareordifficultto obtain.Thetypesofinsigniaandlogoscommonlyusedinclude:Rank /Name Tag /Unit /QualificationThesearetagsandflashesdenotingthemilitaryunittowhichthepersonbelongs,theirrank,etc.These may also show specialist qualifications (suchas parachutist jump wings or pilot flight wings).Company /Corporate LogoDisplayingthecompanyforwhomtheindividualworks.Blood TypeBlood type patches are Velcro patches for attachingtoauniformincombat(tospeedidentification).These are often attached to the boots.Retroflective TapeSpecial Velcro patches of tape that is visible undervisible and I R light, only in the direction from whichthelightoriginates(thereisalowscatterofreflected beams). I t is used to identify members ofyourteam,especiallyindark/nighcombatsituations.MukluksMukluksarebootcoveringssimilartooverboots,basedonthetraditionalEskimofootprotection.Theyaremadeoflightweight,flexible,waterproofmaterial(suchasnylon),witharuggedrubbersole.Theyhaveatie-cordatthetop,actinginasimilar way to gaiters, and prevent snow getting tothe feet, whilst also reducing the chances of trenchfoot.OverbootsOverboots are a covering for mountaineering boots,intendedtoprotectagainstpenetrationbysnow.Theyaremadeofa5mmlayerofneoprene(thesamewaterproofmaterialusedforSCUBAsuits),linedwithtowellingorfleece.Theycompletelycoverthebootandcomeuptothemid-calf,negating the need for gaiters. They are intended tobewornwitheithercramponsorsnowshoes,andprotect against both the cold and wet.11ParkasAparkaisahighqualityweatherproofthree-quarter-lengthjacketforthosewhoeitherworkoutside or elect to go outside in all weathers. Thejacketcanbebuttonedandzippedclosedforprotectionfromwindandrain,andalsohasanumber of large pockets. A parka can be worn overcold weather fatigues.All WeatherDesignedforuseintemperateandrainyclimates.Made of gore-tex (a breathable fabric that is water-proof).Thejackethasaquiltedliningthatcanberemovedinwarmerweather,butisrequiredwhenthe temperature is between 15oC and -10oC.ArcticDesignedforuseinthecoldestclimates.Theexteriorismadeofwaterproofpolyester,withaheavyquiltedliningandafleece-linedhood.Additionally,thesleeveshaveelasticatedcuffstoreduceheatloss.I tisintendedforusewhenthetemperature is between 0oC and -30oC.High VisibilityI ntendedforusewhereitisimportantthatthewearer is seen, this version is a combination of theall-weatherandarcticparkas,withawaterproofpolyester exterior and a detachable quilted lining. I tisintendedforusewhenthetemperatureisbetween10oCand-10oC.Thehoodisdetachable(sinceworkersrequiringhigh-visibilityclothingoftenworkinanenvironmentwherehearingisimperative and wearing a hood is unsafe).PonchoA lightweight nylon cape with a hood, designed asa lighter alternative for troops to wearing a parka,whereprotectionagainstthecoldisnotimportant.The poncho normally comes in olive drab or DPM.ShamagThetraditionalMiddle-Easternheaddress,theshamagisidealfortheconditionsoftheregion.Essentiallyalongheadcloth,woundaroundthehead, it provides protection from the sun, wind andcold, and can be pulled up over the face to protectagainstairborneparticlessuchassandinwindyconditions.Snow ShoesThese are lightweight magnesium snowshoes, idealfor walking on fresh or loose snow without sinkingin. They work simply on the principle of distributingthe wearers weight across a broader area.12Summary of Items in this ChapterI tem: Price ($US): Weight (kg): Weight (lb):Balaclava, Nomex $ 45 0.10kg 0.22lbBalaclava, Ski $ 35 0.10kg 0.22lbBoots, Combat $ 105 1.52kg 3.34lbBoots, J ungle $ 75 0.85kg 1.87lbBoots, Rubber $ 113 1.20kg 2.64lbBoots, Safety $ 68 1.65kg 3.63lbBoots, Thermal $ 180 2.00kg 4.40lbChemical Defence Suit $ 500 8.00kg 17.60lbEar Defenders $ 60 0.40kg 0.88lbFatigues, Cold Weather Plain $ 263 6.30kg 13.86lbFatigues, Cold Weather Urban DPM $ 263 6.30kg 13.86lbFatigues, Cool Temperate Plain $ 165 4.30kg 9.46lbFatigues, Cool Temperate Urban DPM $ 165 4.30kg 9.46lbFatigues, Cool Temperate Woodland DPM $ 165 4.30kg 9.46lbFatigues, Equatorial Desert DPM $ 158 2.80kg 6.16lbFatigues, Equatorial J ungle DPM $ 158 2.80kg 6.16lbFatigues, Equatorial Plain $ 158 2.80kg 6.16lbFatigues, Nomex Assault Suit $ 250 1.60kg 3.52lbFatigues, Snow Coveralls $ 113 1.71kg 3.76lbFatigues, Temperate Coveralls Plain $ 113 1.71kg 3.76lbFatigues, Temperate Coveralls Urban DPM $ 113 1.71kg 3.76lbFatigues, Temperate Coveralls Woodland DPM $ 113 1.71kg 3.76lbFatigues, Temperate Desert DPM $ 165 4.30kg 9.46lbFatigues, Temperate Plain $ 165 4.30kg 9.46lbFatigues, Temperate Urban DPM $ 165 4.30kg 9.46lbFatigues, Temperate Woodland DPM $ 165 4.30kg 9.46lbGaiters $ 15 0.10kg 0.22lbGas Mask $ 525 1.30kg 2.86lbGas Mask Filter $ 175 0.00kg 0.00lbGhillie Blanket $ 825 10.00kg 22.00lbGhillie Suit $ 1,100 7.50kg 16.50lbGloves, Latex $ 2 0.00kg 0.00lbGloves, Leather $ 45 0.05kg 0.11lbGloves, Nomex / Kevlar $ 98 0.05kg 0.11lbGloves, Rappelling $ 85 0.07kg 0.15lbGloves, Thermal $ 68 0.10kg 0.22lbGoggles, Desert $ 81 0.10kg 0.22lbGoggles, Safety $ 25 0.10kg 0.22lbGoggles, Ski $ 87 0.10kg 0.22lbInsignia, Blood Type $ 5 0.00kg 0.00lbInsignia, Company $ 15 0.00kg 0.00lbInsignia, Rank / Unit $ 30 0.02kg 0.04lbInsignia, Retroflective Tape $ 10 0.00kg 0.00lbMukluks $ 40 0.20kg 0.44lbOverboots $ 35 0.00kg 0.00lbParka, All Weather $ 165 3.00kg 6.60lbParka, Arctic $ 218 6.00kg 13.20lbParka, High Visibility $ 180 3.75kg 8.25lbPoncho $ 30 0.50kg 1.10lbShamag $ 5 0.20kg 0.44lbSnow Shoes $ 80 1.80kg 3.96lb13CarryingAluminium Equipment BoxAboxwithametalexterior,usedfortransportingphotographic or video equipment, weapons or anyother item requiring significant protection.Theboxis50x35x20cmindimension.Theinterioriscomprisedofhigh-densitylatexfoam,shapedintocompartmentsforholdingthedesireditems.The foam can be rearranged as required. The boxlocks either with twin, three reel combination locks,keysorboth,andhasacarryinghandleandshoulder strap.Theboxisavailableineitherametallicorpaintedfinish.Attach CaseThe standard bag for the modern businessperson,attach cases come in a variety of colours, finishes,materialsandsizes(aluminium,leatherorhighimpactplasticarethemostusual).Sizegenerallyvariesfromaround50x30x7cmupto80x50x20cm.Thecaselockswitheithertwinthreereelcombination locks or keys.Moststandardversionscanbeforcedeasilyiftheintruderhasnoqualmsaboutdamagingthecase(moresecureversionsareonthemarketwhichrequiremorespecialisedforcedentry.)Theirprincipaluseisforstoringdocumentsorcash,butthelargerversionscaneasilyaccommodatemostitems, including firearms.Various standard modifications to attach cases areavailable from specialist manufacturers, includingConcealed compartmentsBullet-proofing (inserted Kevlar plating in the lid)Enhanced security features (such as anti-jemmystrips and reinforced locks)BandoliersAbandolierisaconvenientwaytocarrylooserounds for firearms (especially large calibre rounds,whichfrequentlydonotcomeinamagazine).Bandoliersaretypicallymadeofcanvasorwovennylon,withabucklefastening.Thereisalsoaziporpress-studcovertoprotectagainstrain.Threetypes are available:Grenade BandolierAppropriateforcarrying40mmgrenadelauncherrounds or hand grenades (holds 10 rounds).Shotgun BandolierThisisforcarryingshotguncartridges(holds20rounds).Rifle BandolierThisisforcarryingeitherrifle/machineguncartridges (holds 40 rounds).Dry BagThisisaheavy-dutyplasticholdall,whichcanbesealedcompletelytoensurethatitscontentsremain completely dry. The bag has an air / gas /waterproofzipandcontainsnumerousflotationcells(topreventthebagsinking,shouldanindividualcellbepunctured).Thereisalsoanoralinflation tube for topping up the air in the cells.Dry bags hold approximately 50 litres of equipmentandaregenerallyeitherblack,olivegreen,orcamouflage in colour. They come in various shapes,themosttypicalbeingstandardbackpackshapedand weapons bags.Marine Special Forces, such as the US Navy SEALs,RoyalMarineSpecialBoatSquadronandotherunitswhoseroledemandsthattheyareableto14enterbyseaorriver,carryingequipment,commonly use them.HolstersThere are almost as many kinds of holster as therearefirearms,withahostofmanufacturerssupplyingthemilitaryandcivilianmarkets.Somearemoresuitedtocarryingweaponscovertly,some for smaller back-up weapons, and others forsimply carrying the weapon where overtly showingthe gun is not a problem. Holsters come in differentsizes for each weapon.Materialsalsovarywithdifferingkindsofleatherandsyntheticmaterialsbeingused.ManyholstersarenowmadefromCordura(nylon)withfoampadding, which serves to hold the weapon securelyand comfortably and also to smooth the profile.Thechoiceofholsterislargelyamatterofindividualpreferenceandtherequirementsoftheenvironment in which the operative is working. Thetypes generally available are as follows:Ankle holsterAsmallholsterintendedforcarryingsmallcalibreback-upweaponsdiscretely.Notavailableforweapons above 15cm in length.Berns-Martin Triple Draw holsterAspring-loadedholsterdesignedprimarilyforrevolvers, intended to give the user added speed inthe draw.Duty holsterThis is a typical law enforcement holster. The pistoliscarriedatthebeltlinebutissecuredintheholster with a thumb-break to prevent snatching.Hip holsterA standard military / uniformed police style holsterforcarryinglargepistolsovertly.Thepistolissuspended from the belt.Horizontal shoulder holsterThisisavariationontheverticalshoulderholsterwherebytheweaponisstoredhorizontallyunderthe arm, for concealment and speed of draw. Thebottom of the holster is fixed to the waistband witha strap and clip to enable a smooth and fast draw.Paddle holsterThis is a standard holster for carrying a pistol semi-concealed - often favoured by plain-clothes police.Thepistoliscarriedonthebeltlinewiththebuttraisedaboveit,andtheholsterisadjustableinposition.Thiskeepsthepistolinacomfortableposition, which is ideal for driving or for times whenthe weapon is frequently taken off.Spring clip holsterThis is a slimmer version of the Berns -Martin, notquiteasfasttodrawfrom,butwithbetterconcealment.Suppressed pistol holsterSimilartotheverticalshoulderholster,thisenlarged version is worn over clothes and enables apistol to be carried with the suppressor fitted.Tactical holster:Thisisintendedfortacticalsituationswherebodyarmourorajacketisworn.Thepistolisstrappedtothethighaswellasbeingsuspendedfromthebelt; this ensures that it is clear of all clothing andarmour.Thunderwear holsterDevelopedforcarryingaconcealedpistolwhilstwearing minimal clothing, the Thunderwear holsterisasoftdenimholsterwornovertheunderwear(butunderneathouterclothing).I nthefrontaretwo pockets, one for the weapon and the other forasparemagazine.Whensittingdowntheweaponfits comfortably between the legs. The holster doesnotprohibitrigorousactivity,andisdesignedforthe most comfortable, concealed carry.Vertical shoulder holsterA holster preferred by those for whom concealmentisnotaprimaryobjective.Thepistolissuspendedvertically, with the butt upwards.15Load Bearing Equipment (LBE)Howtroopscarrytheirkithaschangedmarkedlyoverthelastcoupleofdecades.Therehasbeenagradualmovementawayfromtraditionalweb-geartowardsthemoremodernassaultvestsystems.However,webgearisstillinuseinagreatmanymilitaries.LBE is a system of attaching carrying equipment tolinkedshoulderstrapsandabelt.I tcomesinavarietyofpatterns,whichmaybecustomisedbytheweareraccordingtoindividualtaste,requirements and preference.The fundamental item is the utility belt, from whichallitemsareeithersuspendedorattached.Shoulderstraps,anassortmentofmagazineandgeneral-purposepouchescanbeaddedforthoseneedingtocarrybulkierequipment.Forthosewhoseneedsincludecarryingfullsurvivalgear(tent etc.) then a frame pack or a butt pack can beattached,andthishasaquick-releasecatchfordropping in tactical situations.Magazine holders are specifically-designed carryingpouchesforholdingautomaticandsemi-automaticweaponmagazines,asanalternativetoLBEpouches or additional to them. As such, they comemoreorlessspecifictothesizeoftheweaponsmagazinebutarebroadlydivisibleintopistolandrifle size.Otherequipmentcanbeattachedto/suspendedfromLBE,includingknifesheaths,pistolholsters,water bottles and first aid kits.I tems comprising the LBE are as follows:Utility BeltThis is the basic belt onto which the LBE system ofpouches is attached.Shoulder StrapsTheseareoptionalshoulderstrapsthatattachtotheutilitybelt,forattachingheavierequipmenttothe LBE system.Belt Pouch(250x125x80mm)Capableofholdinguptothreeriflemagazinesandonegrenadeeach,orotherequipment.Thegrenadepocketsareanintegralpart of the pouch.Shoulder Strap Chest Pouch:(200x80x60mm)Capableofholdinguptothreerifle magazines and one grenade each.Grenade PouchesThese are additional pouches for carrying grenadessafely. Each pouch holds one grenade.Frame PackAmilitaryrucksack,specificallydesignedtobeattached to the LBE, with a padded frame for easeof carrying.Butt PackAsmallerpackattachedtotheLBEatthelowerback.Pistol Magazine HolderThisholdstwosemi-automaticpistolmagazines.There are two varieties: the first can be attached toa shoulder holster; the second may be either wornon a belt or an LBE utility belt. Up to two holdersmaybewornonashoulderholster(oneontheholsteritself,andtheotherundertheoppositearm),althoughtheydramaticallyreducehowconcealable it is.Rifle Magazine HolderThisholdsfourmagazines,storingthemflat,andcan be attached to LBE gear across the chest or theback.Money BeltThiswovennylonbelthasnumerousflatpouchesthatenablethewearertokeepimportantpossessionssafewhilsttravelling.I tisidealforholdingsmallamountsofcash,creditcardsandimportantdocuments,aswellaspersonaleffectssuchascigarettes,lighter,etc.Thebelthasasecure plastic clip fastener and is adjustable to fit arangeofwaistsizes.Thebeltalsocomeswithadetachable pouch for holding a mobile telephone.Whilstmoneybeltsarewornbeneathclothesformaximumsecurity(thetheorybeingI ftheycant16see it then they cant steal it), filling the pouchestocapacityobviouslywillreducetheeffectivenessofthis(unlessitiswornbeneathverybaggyclothes).Pelican Equipment CasesPelicanequipmentcasesarearangeofdurableresincarryingcasesfortransportationofdelicateequipment (such as electronics, photographic gear,weapons, etc.). The inside of the case contains pre-scored blocks of durable foam that can be arrangedas required to provide maximum protection for thecontents. There are nine different cases of varyingsize. Features include:AirtightWater-tight (to thirty feet depth)Resistant to temperature extremesPressure valve to prevent the contents beingdamaged by changes in air pressure (such asthose caused by altitudeFloat in water (even when fully loaded)Robust hinges and catches to prevent themopening accidentallyLockable for additional securityThe models are as follows:Model 1200269x 244 x 125mmModel 1300269 x 244 x 175mmModel 1400338 x 322 x 150mmModel 1500463 x 382 x 172mmModel 1550513 x 419 x 213mmModel 1600582 x 519 x 225mmModel 1650788 x 519 x 288mm*Model 1700925 x 438 x 150mm*Model 17501300 x 438 x 150mm** I ncludes wheels for easy transportation.Photographic Equipment BagThisisasoftzipupbagwithpaddedcompartmentsandpocketsforprotectingdelicateitemssuchasphotographicorvideoequipment(lenses,camerabodies,flashequipment,etc.).External dimensions are 400 x 300 x 150 mm.Rifle RestThisisamountingthatenablesarifletobeattachedtoanystandardcameratripodormonopod,toholdtheweaponforanindefiniteperiodoftime.Usedbymarksmen,suchaspolicesharpshooters,itisadjustableforanytypeofrifleand has arm supports for the shooter. This enablesa shooter to maintain a ready position for lengthyperiods of time, without tiring the arms.RucksackThis is a civilian rainproof backpack for carrying alltypes of equipment. As such, it is distinct from thepacks in LBE or tactical vests. The main area of thebagstoresaround30litresofequipment(approximately48x25x25cm),whilstadditionalitemsmaybestoredinthepockets.Strapsarefittedatthebottomforcarryingasleepingbag.Therucksackmaybecarriedonitsownorattached to the LBE frame pack to form a completeequipmentcarryingsystem.I tisavailableinavariety of colours.17Speed LoadersSpeed loaders are devices that speed the reloadingofweaponsfiringroundsthatwouldnormallybeneededtobeloadedindividuallyintotheweapon(such as revolvers and shotguns). They are specificto the weapon for which they are intended, due tovariationsincylindersize,andthearrangementand calibre of ammunition.Revolver Speed LoaderThis is a small, cylindrical plastic clip that holds theroundsinplace,readytobedroppedintothecylinder.Theusersimplyemptiesthecartridgecasesfromthecylinderandinsertsthecartridgesusing the speed load, depressing the clip to releasethe rounds into the cylinder.Shotgun Speed LoaderThisisatubeholdingfourshotguncartridges,availableforallcommonpump-actionandsemi-automaticshotguns.Thetubeisinsertedintothemagazinewellandthecartridgesareleveredintoplace.Speed Loader Belt PouchThisisaleatherornylonbeltpouchforholdingrevolverspeedloaders.I tholdstwoloadedcylindersandcanbeattachedtoeitherabeltorLBE utility belt.Sports HoldallArainproofwovennylonbagwithnumerouspockets,designedforcarryingsportsclothingandequipment. Holdalls come in a variety of sizes, butbasically they are either large (30 litre) or small (15litre).Suit CasesStandard, hard-sided plastic suitcases, designed forcarrying clothes. They are available in a large rangeofcoloursandsizes.Largermodelshaveapullinghandle and wheels. Standard sizes are as follows:Small400 x 300 x 150mmMedium600 x 400 x 180mmLarge700 x 550 x 200mmExtra Large1000 x 700 x 250mmTactical VestsTacticalvestsarethelatestevolutionofLBE,andthere is a wide variety available on the market. ThekeydifferencetoLBEisthatthetacticalvesthasmostofthecarryingsystemintegraltoit,withnumerous pockets in a waistcoat-style array.Tactical vests are ideal for carrying numerous smallitems of equipment in a compact and practical way,andarebettersuitedtooperatinginatacticalenvironment.Theycanbewornontheirownoroverbodyarmour,andcomesgenerallyinnavy,green, black or a variety of different DPM patterns.Vestsystemsareusuallynotinterchangeablebetweenmanufacturers(unlikeLBE).Theyfeaturea core assault vest, for which some manufacturersalsomakeadditionalaccessoriesthatcanbeattached.Certaindesignsoftacticalvestcanhowever be combined with an LBE Utility Belt.Versions of tactical vests with integral body armourare available these are covered within the sectionon body armour.Assault VestThecoreitemtoatacticalvestsystem,intendedforcarryingthemostnecessarykitinatacticalsituation(magazinesandgrenades,aswellasnumerous small pockets).Magazine PouchPouchesdesignedtobeattachedtotacticalvestsystems. Each holds two pistol or rifle magazines.Grenade PouchThisisasaboveformagazinepouches,buteachholds one grenade.18Radio PouchApouchdesignedspecificallyforholdingahandtransceiver.Thetransceiverislinkedawornheadset and microphone by a lead.PackThis is a 30-litre pack that attached to the tacticalvest system.Magazine HolderAsforLBE,exceptthesearespecificallydesignedfor the tactical vest system. They are worn acrossthe front or back.Flotation VestAspecificassaultvestintendedforMarineSpecialForces. I t is basically the same as the assault vest(above), but additionally contains flotation panels.Aircrew VestSpecificallyintendedforaircrew,thisvestisdesignedtofitoverrigidorflexiblebodyarmour,and also allow communications links and breathingequipmenttobeusedcomfortably.I talsohasanattachment for a helicopter winch.Tool Carrying KitTherearevariousmeansofcarryingtools,dependingonwhetherjustafeworalargeselectionarerequired.Eachofthefollowingiscommonly available from either a DI Y or hardwarestore.Tool BagThisisahard-bottomedbagwithcarryinghandlesandadetachableshoulderstrap,madeofwoven(water-resistant)nylonandPVC.I tissimilartoasportsholdall,butslightlytougher.I nsideithasnumerous pockets for storing small items.Tool BeltToolbeltsareidealforsituationswhereitisnotpossible to put a tool down on something (such asworkingatheights).Thetoolsrestinloopsinthecanvas belt.Tool BoxDesignedspecificallyforcarryingtools,fastenersandotherassociateditemsthetoolboxismadeoftoughplastic,withcompartments,traysanddrawers to store all the gear in. Typically, toolboxesare approximately 50 x 30 x 25 cm in size, althoughvaryingshapesareavailable.Theboxlockswithheavy plastic clips and can be additionally securedwith a padlock or numeric combination lock.Tool RollAcanvasorsyntheticstripwithnumerouspocketsofassortedsizes,designedtoberolleduptoenablealargenumberoftoolstobecarriedcompactly, and sealing with either a strip of velcroortiecords(forsilence).I tisnotwater-resistantbutisintendedfortimeswhereportabilityisessential.19Summary of Items in this ChapterI tem: Price ($US): Weight (kg): Weight (lb):Aluminium Equipment Box$ 29 2.00kg 4.40lbAttach Case$ 113 1.50kg 3.30lbBandolier, Grenade$ 20 0.10kg 0.22lbBandolier, Rifle$ 20 0.10kg 0.22lbBandolier, Shotgun$ 20 0.10kg 0.22lbDry Bag, Equipment$ 40 2.00kg 4.40lbDry Bag, Weapons$ 40 1.75kg 3.85lbHolster, Ankle$ 27 0.15kg 0.33lbHolster, Berns-Martin Triple-Draw$ 125 0.30kg 0.66lbHolster, Duty$ 59 0.20kg 0.44lbHolster, Hip$ 12 0.20kg 0.44lbHolster, Horizontal Shoulder$ 40 0.22kg 0.48lbHolster, Paddle$ 29 0.15kg 0.33lbHolster, Spring Clip$ 85 0.25kg 0.55lbHolster, Suppressed Pistol$ 45 0.27kg 0.59lbHolster, Tactical$ 57 0.30kg 0.66lbHolster, Thunderwear$ 65 0.62kg 1.36lbHolster, Vertical Shoulder$ 29 0.22kg 0.48lbLBE Belt Pouch$ 42 0.05kg 0.11lbLBE Butt Pack$ 70 0.30kg 0.66lbLBE Chest Pouch$ 42 0.05kg 0.11lbLBE Frame Pack$ 40 0.50kg 1.10lbLBE Grenade Pouch$ 20 0.03kg 0.07lbLBE Magazine Holder, Pistol$ 20 0.02kg 0.04lbLBE Magazine Holder, Rifle$ 35 0.05kg 0.11lbLBE Shoulder Straps$ 40 0.05kg 0.11lbLBE Utility Belt$ 85 0.10kg 0.22lbLoad Bearing Equipment$ 125 0.15kg 0.33lbMoney Belt$ 60 0.30kg 0.66lbPelican Case Model 1200$ 39 0.91kg 2.00lbPelican Case Model 1300$ 49 1.14kg 2.51lbPelican Case Model 1400$ 73 1.82kg 4.00lbPelican Case Model 1500$ 109 3.18kg 7.00lbPelican Case Model 1550$ 138 4.55kg 10.01lbPelican Case Model 1600$ 164 5.91kg 13.00lbPelican Case Model 1650$ 254 7.96kg 17.51lbPelican Case Model 1700$ 197 6.82kg 15.00lbPelican Case Model 1750$ 229 13.18kg 29.00lbPhotographic Equipment Bag$ 60 1.00kg 2.20lbRifle Rest$ 240 0.50kg 1.10lbRucksack$ 165 2.00kg 4.40lbSpeed Load Belt Pouch$ 30 0.05kg 0.11lbSpeed Loader, Revolver$ 8 0.01kg 0.02lbSpeed Loader, Shotgun$ 40 0.05kg 0.11lbSports Holdall, Large$ 53 0.40kg 0.88lbSports Holdall, Small$ 30 0.25kg 0.55lbSuitcase, Extra Large$ 40 1.75kg 3.85lbSuitcase, Large$ 30 1.40kg 3.08lbSuitcase, Medium$ 25 1.10kg 2.42lbSuitcase, Small$ 20 0.85kg 1.87lbTactical Vest Magazine Holder, Pistol$ 20 0.02kg 0.04lbTactical Vest Magazine Holder, Rifle$ 35 0.05kg 0.11lbTactical Vest Magazine Pouch$ 45 0.05kg 0.11lbTactical Vest Pack$ 100 0.35kg 0.77lbTactical Vest Radio Pouch$ 20 0.05kg 0.11lbTactical Vest, Air Crew$ 160 0.30kg 0.66lbTactical Vest, Assault$ 385 0.45kg 0.99lb20Tactical Vest, Flotation$ 176 0.50kg 1.10lbTactical Vest, Grenade Pouch$ 25 0.03kg 0.07lbTool Bag$ 27 0.45kg 0.99lbTool Belt$ 13 0.10kg 0.22lbTool Box$ 30 2.00kg 4.40lbTool Roll$ 20 0.08kg 0.18lb21Wilderness SurvivalCamouflage CompactThis is a small, flat plastic case containing a mirrorinthelidandfourblocksofgreasepaintincamouflagecolours.I tisanessentialpartofindividualcamouflage,applyingthepainttothefaceandhands,enablingtheindividualtoblendintotheirbackground.Onepackcontainstenapplications for face and hands.Flint and SteelThemostbasicmeansofmakingafireinanyconditions,theflintandsteelincludesasmallmagnesiumbar,whichassistsgreatlyinignitingkindling.Gas Camping Stove, SmallAsmallbutanegasstove,suitableforcookingwhilstcamping.I trequiresabutanegascylinderfor power. One cylinder will operate for three hoursatmaximumpowerorsevenhoursatminimumpower.Thecartridgeisself-sealing,enablingittobe removed from the stove.Insect RepellentI nsect repellent is essential for wilderness travel inmost warm, humid or low-lying areas. One stick willlastforapproximatelytwoweeks(applyingfourtimes a day). Whilst some special forces may shuntheuseofitemsthatalteryourpersonalscent,using insect repellent is an essential basic comfort.J erry CansJ erry cans are a useful means of transporting largevolumes of liquid (usually fuel or water). There arefoursizescommonlyused:five-litre(plastic),25litre(plasticormetal)and50litre(plastic).Eachhasarobusttopandadetachablenozzletoaidwithpouring.Weightslistedareasempty;asarough guide, add 1kg per litre of liquid.MaceMaceisapersonalprotectionsprayconsistingofpepper and tear gases combined with an ultravioletmarking dye. The gases cause a number of effects,including involuntary closing of the eyes, coughing,choking, profuse tearing and burning eyes.The ultraviolet dye is a permanent marker that canonly be removed with special cleaning agents. I t isdesigned to mark the mace victim after the attacksothattheycanbedetectedusinganultravioletlight.The canister is small and can easily be carried in apocketorpurse.I tcontainssufficientgasforfiveone-secondbursts.Abursthasarangeoftwotothree metres.MatchesAboxof50windandwaterproofmatches,sealedin protective varnish. Each burns for approximately12 seconds.Parachute CordAlthoughprincipallydesignedforattachingparachutestotheharness,paracordisalsoa22useful piece of survival equipment. I t is lightweight,verystrongandcanbeusedformakingshelters,attaching equipment and so on. Details are shownfor a 10-metre length.RationsRationpacksareavailablecommerciallyorasmilitaryissue,buttheysharetheprincipalofpacking as much nutritional content into as small aspaceaspossible.Unlikeitsmilitarycounterpart,theMRE(Meal,ReadytoEat,alsoknownasMealsRejectedbyEthiopiansandthreeliesinone)thefocusofthecivilianratpackisonhighcalorie,readyfood,tomaintainmoraleinthewilderness.Thepackiscontainedinalightcardboard box 20x12x12cm in size.Ration PackAstandardrationpackcontainsfoodforonepersonfor24hours,packagedinonecarton.Atypicalpackcanbeassumedtocontaininstantblackorwhitecoffeeortea(4sachets),Sugar(8sachets), chocolate bar, Kendal mint cake (2 bars),ready meals (3 foil-wrapped or in a ring-pull tin,which is pre-cooked and can be eaten hot or cold),matches(asabove),solidfueltablets(3),meatstock cubes (4 - useful for flavouring foraged foodor making hot drinks).Electrolyte Drink SachetsThe body quickly uses vital supplies of minerals andnutrients whilst in the wilderness, and it is essentialthatthesebereplacedregularlythroughliquidintake.Thesesachetsareofelectrolyte/isotonicdrinks such as Gatorade, Lucozade or I sosport andcan be dissolved in drinkable water to replace theseminerals. The price is for a pack of 20 sachets.Water Purification TabletsNowaterinthewildernesscanassumedtobeimmediately drinkable, and whilst water purificationtablets dont leave the water palatable (it invariablytastes slightly of chlorine), they do leave it safe forcooking and drinking.Anti-Diarrhoea TabletsI mportantwhenyouhaveconsumedwaterthathasnt been purified or when your culinary skills failyou.Whilsttheeffectsofthismaybelessinenvironmentswherethewaterispurer(suchasmountain environments), this is an essential item inareas such as jungle.Personal Attack AlarmThisisasmallbattery-powered(9volt)attackalarm measuring 57x67x21mm. The purpose of thealarmistodistractanassailantandsummonassistance using its 120-decibel alarm.The alarm has a belt clip on the back, a test buttonon the side and a trigger pin on the top, attachedtoa20cmcordandkeyclip.Pullingthecord(therebydislodgingthepin)triggersit.Alternatively,pressingandholdingthetestbuttonwill also activate it. I f the pin is removed, it can bereplaced.Thealarmisalsosuppliedwithawallmountingwhich the belt clip fits to. The wall mounting has adouble-sidedadhesiveplateontheback.Bymountingthealarmthusandclippingthekeyclipto the door (it can be circled around an object suchasadoorhandleorchainandclippedbackontothecord)thiscanprovideasimplebuthighlyeffective intruder alarm.Portable RoadblocksThese are four-pronged steel spikes arranged in apyramidshape,eachspikebeingapproximately5cminlength.Theyaredeployedsimplybyscattering them on the road in the path of vehicleswhenthevehicleattemptstopassoverthemthey puncture the tyres.An alternative version is a portable roadblock chain.Thisisessentiallythesame,butwiththeroadblockslinkedintoa5-metrechain,forstretchingacrosstheroad.Thechainsmaybejoined together for increased length.RestraintsOperatives use a number of restraining devices. Allwiththeexceptionofflexi-cuffscomewithaleather belt case for ease of carrying and are madefromextremelystrongsteel.Themostcommonfive kinds are as follows:23Flexi-CuffsFlexi-cuffsarestripsoflightweightbutextremelystrongplastic,approximately5mmwideand2mmthick.Thestripiswrappedaroundthesubjectshandsandtightenedtolockwithaplasticratchetfitting,whichcannotthenbeloosened.Theycanbe used as an effective restraint for hands or feet(butifusedforfeet,thiswillrenderthesubjectvirtually immobile).Handcuffs, ChainStandard handcuffs linked by 75mm of chain.Handcuffs, HingedThese are the same as standard 'cuffs, except thatthe chain is replaced by heavy-duty metal hinges torestrict mobility.Leg ironsEllipticalshapedcuffsdesignedtofitaroundtheankles, with a 350mm chain.Belly ChainStandardcuffswithanextralongchainthatcaneitherbewrappedaroundthebodyorloopedthrough the chain of leg irons.Thumb-cuffsCompactcuffsforminimalrestraintaroundthethumbs only.Handcuff CaseA leather belt case for carrying standard hinged orchain handcuffs.Sleeping BagsRequired for temperate and colder climes, there aretwobasictypes:standardandarctic.Bothtypeshave a hood to protect from the elements and aredesigned to accommodate a fully clothed occupant.Theyarealsotaperedtowardsthefeettoreducetheoverallweight.Arcticsleepingbagshaveaninner lining for added warmth, and are suitable intemperatures as low as 30oC.Space BlanketUsefulinemergency/rescuesituations,thislightweightreflectiveplasticblanketusesthepersonsownreflectedbodyheattomaintainwarmth.Sports Wrist WatchI ntendedforsportsandoutdooruse,variousmodels are available by manufacturers such as TagHeuer, Rolex, G-Shock, Seiko, Casio, Camel, Adidasand other companies.All are precision timepieces, with features includingwaterproofing,shockproofing,rotatingbezelfortimecalculationandluminousfeaturesfornight/lowlightuse.Someareentirelyanalogue,whilstothersalsoincludeadigitalwatchwithfeaturessuch as a stopwatch.SunglassesThese are high quality sunglasses, such as Ray BanbyBauschandLomb.Thelensesdramaticallyreduce reflection and glare, as well as shielding theeyesfromharmfulultra-violetradiation.Theyareavailable in a variety of styles.TentsTentsvaryaccordingtothesizerequired.AllversionssuppliedbyL&Paremadeoflightweight,sealednylon,whichprovidesgoodprotectionfromwater.Thekeydifferencesbetweenthedifferenttypes of tent are the sizes and weights, dependinguponhowmanypeopletheyareintendedtobeoccupied by.Whilstthesetentsdoprovidegoodshelterintemperate and cool temperate conditions, they arenotsuitableforoperationsinjungle(toowetandcannotcamponthefloor)ormountain/arcticconditions (where the wind may be too extreme forthe tent to remain anchored).24Water BottlesEvenwherewatersuppliesareplentiful,youstillneedwaterbottlestocarrycleanwater.Theseflasksaremadeofheavydutyplastic,whichisvirtuallyunbreakable.Theycomeintwostandardsizes: small (0.5 litre) and large (1 litre). They alsocome in a variety of colours, including matt olive orblack.Theweightsgivenbelowareforemptybottles(remember that 1 litre of water weighs 1kg).Waterproof Map CaseMadeofwovennylon,withaclearplasticinner,thismapcasecompletelyprotectsmapsfromthevagariesoftheelements.I tcanberolledupforeasy storage.Wind-proof LightersTherearemanydifferentmakesofwind-prooflighters, fuelled by either butane gas or naphtha (apetroleum distillate). The most popular and reliablepetrollightersaretheZippoandRonsonlighters,andthereareathousandandonepiezo-electricgas lighters available.The key difference between a petrol and gas wind-prooflighteristhatthepetrolversionproducesaflame,whilstthegasversionusesapoweredgasjet to super-heat the material into combustion.25Summary of Items in this ChapterI tem: Price ($US): Weight (kg): Weight (lb):Anti-Diarrhoea Tablets$ 12 0.02kg 0.04lbBelly Chain$ 80 0.77kg 1.69lbCamouflage Compact$ 18 0.02kg 0.04lbElectrolyte Drink Sachets$ 10 0.01kg 0.02lbFlexicuffs$ 1 0.00kg 0.00lbFlint and Steel$ 25 0.05kg 0.11lbGas Camping Stove, Small$ 30 0.36kg 0.79lbGas Cylinder, Butane$ 15 0.23kg 0.51lbHandcuff Case$ 10 0.05kg 0.11lbHandcuffs, Chain$ 35 0.35kg 0.77lbHandcuffs, Hinged$ 40 0.40kg 0.88lbInsect Repellent$ 10 0.00kg 0.00lbJ erry Can, 25-litre, metal$ 25 0.50kg 1.10lbJ erry Can, 25-litre, plastic$ 12 0.25kg 0.55lbJ erry Can, 50-litre, plastic$ 15 1.00kg 2.20lbJ erry Can, 5-litre, plastic$ 10 0.20kg 0.44lbLeg Irons$ 50 0.60kg 1.32lbMace$ 90 0.07kg 0.15lbMatches$ 2 0.00kg 0.00lbParachute Cord$ 1 0.05kg 0.11lbPersonal Attack Alarm$ 10 0.20kg 0.44lbPortable Roadblock Chain$ 350 12.50kg 27.50lbPortable Roadblocks$ 15 0.50kg 1.10lbRation Pack, 24-Hour$ 20 0.42kg 0.92lbSleeping Bag, Arctic$ 350 2.68kg 5.90lbSleeping Bag, Standard$ 143 1.72kg 3.78lbSpace Blanket$ 30 0.01kg 0.02lbSports Wrist Watch$ 2,000 0.10kg 0.22lbSunglasses$ 120 0.00kg 0.00lbTent, Four Man$ 240 11.10kg 24.42lbTent, One Man Bivouac$ 60 3.00kg 6.60lbTent, Ten Man Field$ 900 35.00kg 77.00lbTent, Two Man$ 75 3.10kg 6.82lbThumb-cuffs$ 8 0.10kg 0.22lbWater Bottle, Large$ 15 0.20kg 0.44lbWater Bottle, Small$ 10 0.10kg 0.22lbWater Purification Tablets$ 20 0.02kg 0.04lbWaterproof Map Case$ 30 0.02kg 0.04lbWind-Proof Lighter, Gas$ 25 0.03kg 0.07lbWind-Proof Lighter, Petrol$ 30 0.05kg 0.11lb26Navigation and SignallingBatteriesThesearegenericsizedbatteriesforuseinstandardportableequipment.I tisalwayssensibletocarryafewsparesasacontingency.Mostbatteriesavailablehaveanindicatorofremainingstrength (operated by pressing the finger against abutton at the top and bottom).Adistinctionshouldbemadebetweenthesebatteries and the specialised rechargeable batteriesusedinequipmentsuchasmobilephones,videocameras,etc.Specialisedbatteriesarespecifictothe item of equipment used.Batterieslosetheirchargeiftheygetcold,andtheyneedtobekeptinsideclothingandclosetothe body in cold temperature. Each of the versionsshownbelowisavailableinarechargeablemodel,althoughrechargeableversionsgenerallydonotlast as long.Batterycostsandweightsarepercell.Abatterychargerforchargingrechargeablebatteriesisavailableaseitherastandardplug-inorvehiclecigarette lighter socket version.Chemical Light-stickThisisaplastictube,usuallybetweentwelveandfifteencentimetreslong.Bendingthetube,whichmakes it glow, activates it. The light lasts for aboutsixhoursandisavailableinavarietyofcolours,including a version that emits infrared light only. I tis also available in a long-lasting (12 hour) version.CompassesThere are four different types of compass available.Analogue versions are generally liquid-filled (to givebetter balance to the arrow).Military CompassThisisastandardmilitarycompass,withphosphorescentpointsandletters,inaruggedcase. I t enables direction finding only.Silva CompassAstandardorienteeringcompasswithaclear,plasticbase,enablingdirectionfindingandpositioning / bearing.Electronic CompassAsimpleversionofaGPSunit,theelectroniccompasshasfeaturessuchascoursememory,aback light, automatic route reversal and a course /distance clock. The rechargeable battery has a lifeof around 200 hours constant use.Button CompassDesigned principally as an escape and evasion toolfor military forces and aircrew, this compass is just10mmindiameterandeasilyconcealable.I tisuseful only for direction finding.Flare LaunchersAswithmuchsurvivalequipment,thereareanumber of flare launchers available on the market.Threecommonly-available/usedkindsofflarelauncher are shown here:15mm Flare LauncherForfiring15mmsignalflares,theflarelauncherpropels the flare approximately 60 metres verticallyandburningat35,000candlepower,enablingthesignaltobevisiblefromupto12miles/19kilometres. The launcher is hand-sized, with a triplehead that enables three flares to be loaded. Flaresare available in red, green or white.27Heckler and Koch Emergency Flare LauncherThisisasmallandhighlyportableflarelaunchermadebyoneofthemostrenownedfirearmsmanufacturersintheworld.Only9cminlength,itfires 19mm flares, which are available in red, greenandwhite.Theflaresreachaheightofabout66metres. I t can be cocked and fired in one hand.Heckler and Koch P2A1TheHKP2A1isaconventional,single-shotbreak-openflarepistol,firing26.5mmflares.Flaresavailable include signal (coloured), illumination andparachuteflares.Theflaresreachanaltitudeof305 metres, with a burn time of 6 to 25 seconds.FlaresWiththeexceptionofhandflares,thesearethesignals for use in the flare launchers shown above.15mm FlaresTheseareforuseinstandard15mmlaunchers.They are available in red, green, white, and yellow.HK 19mm FlaresDesignedtobefiredfromtheHKEFL.Theyareavailable in green, red and white.HK 26.5mm FlaresTheseareforuseintheHKP2A1launcher.Theyare available in green, red or white.Hand FlaresStandardhighwayflaresformarkingarouteforothers to follow or avoid. The flare is 200mm longwitha15mmdiameterandisactivatedbyunscrewingthecapandstrikingthefuseonanabrasive surface (like a match). Each flare burns forapproximately20minutes.Theyalsoworkunderwater, with a reduced burn time.FlashlightsTherearebroadlythreekindsofqualityflashlightof use to characters: Mag-Lite, marine and militaryflashlights. For general use, Mag-Lite flashlights arepreferred,duetotheirruggedness,precisionmanufacturing and power. The larger versions alsodouble as an effective club if required.Mag-Lite FlashlightsThereisabroadrangeofflashlightsavailable,ranging from key-ring size to full size. All Mag-Liteflashlights feature an adjustable beam and have asparebulbinthetail.Themostpopularkindsaredealtwithhere.TheAAMini-Mag-Liteisapocketlight, is 145mm long and requires two AA cells. TheMag Charger is a full size light, requiring 4 D Cells(rechargeable)andis315mmlong.Thecellslastfor1.5hoursofcontinuoususeandproduceabeam800-metreswide.TheStandardMag-Liteflashlightsare2to4cell(CorD)andvaryinlengthbetween225mmand370mm.Themostcommonly used light is the 2C.Mag-Lite AccessoriesMag-Litealsoproduceabeltholderforthelargerlights (consisting of a loop through which the lightissuspended).Astrobeattachmentcanalsobepurchased (called aBadgeLite),whichscrewsintothebaseofthelightandisastrobepulsatingat140 times per minute. I t is available in blue, green,amber, red or clear.Small Military FlashlightThestandardinfantrymanshandlamp,someprefer this flashlight to the Mag-Lite torches, sincealthough it is not adjustable, it can be clipped ontoweb gear or a helmet band, freeing the hands forother purposes.Marine FlashlightSimilartoalargehandlamp,thislightiswaterproofswitharubberisedcoatingtoresistcorrosion,andhasabuttontoenableMorsesignalling.GPS DevicesGPSdevicesaresatellitenavigationalequipment,whichenabletheusertoidentifytheirexactpositionontheplanet.Therearecurrentlytwosystems:(i)theAmericanGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS),anetworkof12navigationalsatellites,and(ii)theRussianGlobalNavigationSatelliteSystem(GLONASS).Athirdsystem(theEuropeanGALI LEOsystem)isduetocomeonlinein 2008.28Fromanypointontheplanetitispossibletobewithinlineofsightofonaverageeightsatellites.Throughtriangulation,thisallowsyoutoestablishyourpreciseposition(dependingontheaccuracyof the unit and fix obtained).GPSunitsareincreasinglycommonandawidevarietyarenowavailable.Themaintypesareshownbelow;specialistmarineandaviationversions are also available, but have highly specificuses.Military GPS ReceiverMilitary GPS units are far more rugged than civilianversions,abletowithstandsubmersioninwater,and functioning in temperatures as low as 20oC andhumidity as high as 100%. They are also far moreaccurate(generallytowithinametreorless).I ttypically takes less than 90 seconds to obtain a firstfix,andlessthan60secondsthereafter.Theunitcan store details of waypoints, and up to 25 user-definable reversible routes. I t can run for up to 27hoursusingaLithiumbattery,ortenhoursusingeight conventional AA batteries.Recreational GPS ReceiverDesignedprincipallyforwalkers,hikers,campersandotherswhohavearecreationaluseforGPS,thisunitislighterinweightandlessruggedthanmilitarymodels.I tdoesnotfeatureradiodirectionfinding, or have a targeting interface, but otherwisehassimilarfeaturesandfunctionstothemilitarymodeldescribedabove.Positioningisaccuratetowithinbetweenthreeandfifteenmetresadequate for recreational use. The unit comes withamountingbracketwithsuctioncupstoattachtothewindscreenofacar,andapowercablewithcigarettelighterattachment.I tcanalsobeconnected to a Personal Digital Assistant to providebettermapinformation.MapsofNorthAmerica(includingcities)arepre-loaded;furthermapscanbe downloaded from the I nternet, for which a datacable is provided.Vehicle GPS SystemVehicleGPSsystemsareacompletelydifferenttypeofunit.Theyusesatellitenavigationpredominantlyatstreetlevel,andaregenerallysystemsthatareintegraltothedashboardofthevehicle(manyareintegralwithinandloaddatathroughthecarCDplayer).Theunitshowsthevehicleslocationonamovingmap,alongwithpoints of interest to the motorist or tourist (hotels,banks,petrolstationsetc.).Themainfunctionoftheunitistocalculatefastestroutesandgivespokendirectionstothedriverwhilstdriving.MapdataisprovidedannuallybythemanufactureronCDs.Versionsarealsoavailableshowingthelocationsofallfixedspeedtraps(speedcameras)in a country.Casio Protrek GPS WatchThisdevicefromCasioisaimedatthemarketforbackpackers and outdoor types who use the GlobalPositioningSystemtotracktheirlocation.I tisarather bulky digital wrist- watch, which while it hasallthestandardfeaturesofadigitalwatch,additionally has a GPS receiver built in. I t can markthe wearers location, either by the second on in anon-demandfix,givelandmarkpointsandhasaroute memory.ForGPSI ntegratedRadios,seetheGarminRino120 in the Communications chapter.HeliographOtherwise known simply as a signalling mirror, theheliographismadeofsteel(topreventbreakage)and is 100x75 mm in size. With good visibility on aclear, sunny day, it can be seen at distances up to30 km / 18.5 miles.Rechargeable LanternThislanternisamulti-purposeworklight,300mminlength,withacarrying/hanginghandleatthetop.I thastwinfluorescenttubesprovidingthemainlightsource,butalsohasa(whitelight)spotlight,andflashingredandamberlights.I tcontainstworechargeableDcells,whichcanberechargedinthelanternswhilstitisconnectedtothe mains.Strobe LightsI ntendedforsignallingatnight,thestrobelightprojects a pulsating high-intensity blue light, whichis visible for many miles. Where it is important thatthe light not be visible to the naked eye, the lightcomeswithaninfraredlenscover,whichcanbeseen through standard infrared imaging equipment.29Hand Strobe LightThisversionissimilartoasmalltorch,approximately150mminlengthand20mmindiameter, intended for hand signalling.Helmet Strobe LightThisisamilitaryspecificationstrobelightsuchasthe SDU-5E or MS-2000(M).I tisveryrugged,flatinconfiguration(50x90x25mm)andhasblueandinfraredcoversandcanbeattachedtothevarious types of aircrew and naval helmets to assistwithsearchandrescue.TheunitrunsontwoAAbatteries.WhistleI mportantforcommunicatingbetweenteammemberswhereradiosarenotavailable,andalsousefulforlocatingindividualsinasearchandrescue operation, the whistle has a range of up to1km/0.75milesonaclear,stillday.Thereisalways a whistle attached to a life preserver.30Summary of Items in this ChapterI tem: Price ($US): Weight (kg): Weight (lb):BadgeLite$ 75 0.01kg 0.02lbBattery Charger$ 16 0.10kg 0.22lbBattery, 9-volt$1.20 0.09kg 0.20lbBattery, AA$0.80 0.06kg 0.12lbBattery, AAA$0.70 0.03kg 0.07lbBattery, C$1.00 0.10kg 0.21lbBattery, D$1.40 0.11kg 0.24lbChemical Lightstick$ 18 0.10kg 0.22lbCompass, Button$ 3 0.01kg 0.02lbCompass, Electronic$ 135 0.05kg 0.11lbCompass, Military$ 30 0.02kg 0.04lbCompass, Silva$ 20 0.02kg 0.04lbFlare Launcher, 15mm$ 41 0.25kg 0.55lbFlare Launcher, HK EFL$ 80 0.22kg 0.48lbFlare Launcher, HK P2A1$ 100 0.52kg 1.14lbFlare, 15mm Signal$ 14 0.10kg 0.22lbFlare, Hand$ 20 0.55kg 1.21lbFlares, HK 19mm$ 25 0.15kg 0.33lbFlares, HK 26.5mm$ 30 0.17kg 0.37lbFlares, HK 26.5mm Parachute$ 30 0.17kg 0.37lbFlares, HK 26.5mm Signal$ 30 0.17kg 0.37lbFlashlight, Mag Charger$ 185 0.90kg 1.98lbFlashlight, MagLite 2C$ 27 0.60kg 1.32lbFlashlight, MagLite 2D$ 38 0.75kg 1.65lbFlashlight, MagLite 3C$ 38 0.75kg 1.65lbFlashlight, MagLite 3D$ 44 1.00kg 2.20lbFlashlight, MagLite 4C$ 50 1.00kg 2.20lbFlashlight, MagLite 4D$ 55 1.25kg 2.75lbFlashlight, MagLite AA$ 16 0.20kg 0.44lbFlashlight, Marine$ 55 0.75kg 1.65lbFlashlight, Small Military$ 20 0.20kg 0.44lbGPS Receiver, Military$ 400 0.20kg 0.44lbGPS Receiver, Recreational$ 550 0.20kg 0.44lbGPS System, Vehicle$ 1,600 0.60kg 1.32lbGPS, Casio Protrek Watch$ 500 0.05kg 0.11lbHeliograph$ 30 0.10kg 0.22lbMagLite Belt Holder$ 10 0.02kg 0.04lbRechargeable Lantern$ 32 0.78kg 1.72lbStrobe Light, Hand$ 150 0.11kg 0.24lbStrobe Light, Helmet$ 45 0.46kg 1.00lbWhistle$ 4 0.00kg 0.00lb31MedicalParamedic KitThe Paramedic kit is the most comprehensive of setofmedicalsuppliesthatcharacterswillprobablyneed to carry.Thekitiscarriedandusedbytwopeople,aparamedic or doctor and an assistant. Although theParamedickitcanbecarriedinthebootofmostcars it will take two people to carry it to the scene.I t is normally supplied packed in two backpacks forease of carriage.Onebackpackcontainsastandardteamfirstaidkit. The other contains the following supplies:Endotracheal tubes, assorted (5): Allows theparamedic to secure the airway of anunconscious or apnoeic (not breathing) patient.Laryngoscope, adult (2): The device needed toinsert an endotracheal (ET) tube. A spare isprovided in case the primary fails.I ntubation stylet: A device to assist in difficultintubations(insertion of ET tube).Magill's forceps: A special pair of forcepsdesigned to assist in difficult intubations and toextract foreign bodies from the trachea(windpipe).ET Tape: For securing ET tubes in place oncethey are inserted.Bag, valve, mask: A bag that allows an apnoeicpatient to be ventilated, either via the mask(which is detachable) or via an ET tube. Thedevice has a port to attach supplemental highflow oxygen.Stethoscope: For listening to chest sounds andtaking blood pressure.Sphygmomanometer: For taking blood pressure.I ntravenous cannulae, peripheral, assorted sizes(12): allows intravenous access for giving drugsand fluids.Sharps bin: For disposing of used needles andsyringes.Syringes, assorted sizes (12): For giving drugsand taking blood.Solution giving sets (4): Used to give intravenousfluids.I ntravenous fluids, crystalloid (2 x 500ml bags):Fluids use in the emergency treatment of bloodloss and for the dilution of drugs.I ntravenous fluids, colloid (2 x 500ml bags):Fluids used for the emergency treatment of bloodloss.Heavy-duty shears.Upper limb splint, inflatable (2): For supportingbroken arms.Lower limb splint, inflatable (2): As above but forlegs.The following items can be added to the Paramedickit but do not come as standard.Oxygen KitAn oxygen cylinder and clear oxygen therapy mask.Thecylinderisgoodforabout25minutesathighflow, 60 minutes at medium flow and 180 minutesat low flow.ECG/ SpO2 MonitorThisisadeviceformonitoringtheheartrateandrhythm of a patient (ECG - electrocardiogram) andthe level of oxygen in the blood (SpO2 - saturationofperipheraloxygen).I tisbatterypoweredandgood for about six hours of continuous use.Automated External Defibrillator (AED)Thisisanemergencytreatmentdevicethatcanrestarttheheartinsomecasesofcardiacarrest.Once applied it will automatically analyse the heartrhythmanddefibrillateifnecessary.I trequiresnospecialistmedicaltrainingtouse.Batterypoweredand good for six hours of monitoring or 50 shocks.* Does not include the separate Team First Aid Kit.32Personal First Aid KitAPersonalFirstAidkitisdesignedforusebythepersonwhocarriesitonhimselforherself.Thatmeans that when someone gets injured the personwhorendersfirstaidreachesforthecasualtyskitratherthanusingsuppliesfromtheirown.Thisislogicalbecauseitmeansthatindividualsalwayshave access to basic first aid equipment and don'trunoutbecausethey'veusedallthestufffromtheir own kit on someone else.ThisrepresentsatypicalPersonalFirstAidkit,whichwouldbeexpectedtocontainthefollowingitems.I tmeasuresapproximately10cmx15cmx5cm.Sterile dressing with conforming bandage (two,275mm x 200mm): A dressing combined with abandage allowing it to be securely strapped to awound. Designed for use on torso and legwounds.Sterile dressing with conforming bandage (one,100mm x 120mm): As above but smaller,designed for use on head, neck and upper limbwounds.Crepe bandage (one, 7.5cm x 4.5m): A standardbandage useful for strapping limbs and joints.Waterproof adhesive dressings, sterile, assorted(20): Sticking plasters for minor cuts andabrasions.Triangular bandage (2): For making slings forinjured limbs and dressings for head wounds.Safety pins, assorted sizes (4): For fixingdressings in place and closing bandages.Cleaning wipes, individually wrapped (6): Forcleaning the area around a wound.Disposable gloves, latex (one pair)Burn dressing (one, 20cm x 45cm): A wounddressing pre-impregnated with a special coolantgel.Aspirin, 300mg (20): Useful minor painkiller. Canbe replaced by the operatives minor analgesic ofchoice.Team First Aid KitMost teams have an individual designated as a firstaid provider. This kit is designed for them to use onothers,eithertosupplementtheindividual'sfirstaid kit or to treat someone without a kit. The TeamFirst Aid Kit is usually stored in a vehicle in urbanenvironmentsandcarriedwiththeteaminthefield.I tcanbesuppliedineitherabagorabackpack.Sterile dressing with conforming bandage, four,100mm x 120mm.Sterile dressing with conforming bandage, six,150mm x 200mm.Sterile dressing with conforming bandage, six,275mm x 200mm.Sterile dressing with conforming bandage, four,325mm x 250mm.Eye pad with conforming bandage, four, 75mm x50mm.Crepe bandage, eight, 5cm x 4.5m.Crepe bandage, eight, 7.5cm x 4.5m.Triangular bandage, eight.Burn dressing, two, 10cm x 10cm.Burn dressing, two, 10cm x 40cm.Burn dressing, two, 20cm x 45cm.Burn dressing, face (2).Burn dressing, hand (4).Burn blanket, one.Sterile swabs (four packs of five, 7.5cm x 7.5cm):for cleaning wounds and to act as dressings.Cleaning wipes, individually packed, (20).Waterproof adhesive dressings, sterile, assorted(100).Safety pins (12).Resuscitation mask, disposable (2): A deviceallowing a rescuer to give mouth-to-mouthventilation without risking exposure to body fluidsor vomit from the victim.Disposable gloves, latex, (10 pairs).Heavy-duty shears: For cutting off clothing toallow access to wounds.Minor analgesics, assorted types, (100).33Summary of Items in this ChapterI tem: Price ($US): Weight (kg): Weight (lb):AED $ 2,500 3.00kg 6.60lbECG / SpO2 $ 1,000 0.70kg 1.54lbOxygen Kit $ 280 8.00kg 17.60lbParamedic Kit $ 700 10.00kg 22.00lbPersonal First Aid Kit $ 20 0.50kg 1.10lbTeam First Aid Kit (Backpack) $ 350 4.00kg 8.80lbTeam First Aid Kit (Bag) $ 200 2.50kg 5.50lb34MarineBuoyancy CompensatorsThebuoyancycompensator/vestiswornbyaSCUBA diver to keep their buoyancy neutral in thewater. I t includes pockets in which weights can beadded, negating the need for a weight belt. I t alsoactsasasafetydevicetocarryaninjuredordisableddivertothesurface,usinganinflatorsystem to provide lift.The compensator is made ofBioflexKevlarmaterialfordurability,withaplasticpolymercradleforholdingone,twoorthreeaircylinders.Aswellashavingnon-liftpaddingforcomfort,italsohasD-ringsontheharnessforattachingotherdivingequipment.Analternativeforsnorkellingandveryshallowdivesisthevestcompensator.Lookingverymuchlikeaninflatablelifevest,thisperformsthebasicfunctionsofabuoyancycompensator,withouttheweights or the tank fittings.Dive ComputerReplacingtheanaloguedepthandpressuregauges,thedivecomputershowscurrentandmaximum depth, remaining dive time, bottom time,nitrogen loading, rate of ascent and decompressionstatus.I tconsistsofawriststraporbuckleandstraptoattachthecomputertoD-ringsontheharnessorbuoyancy compensator. I t features an LCD screen,with one or two displays and a backlight.Dive LightA dive light is a waterproof, 30-watt halogen light,ineitherapistolgriporhandlampstyle.I tisrechargeable and has a battery life of 60 hours. I tmeasures10cmindiameterand21cmlong.Forease of carrying underwater, it is also weighted.Dive TapeDive tape is similar to duct tape, except that it usesa waterproof adhesive, which means that it can beused for fixing items in place underwater.Inflatable Assault BoatSimilartotheUSI BS(I nflatableBoat,Small),thisisaninflatablecraftmadeofreinforcedrubber,capable of carrying four people plus equipment.Theboatfoldsdowntoapackagealmostametreonasideandcanbeinflatedinjustover30secondsbypullingthecordattachedtothecompressed gas cylinder.Eitherbuoyantpaddlesoranoutboardmotorcanpropel the boat.Life J acketThisisalightweightmilitarylifejacket,consistingofwaistcoatwithanintegralblast-resistantpouchand an inflatable profiled stole. I t is made of high-visibilitymaterialwithreflectivestripsandhaspockets for a locator beacon and flares. I t inflatesusingasingle-pullcarbondioxidecartridge.I fthisfails or if additional topping up is required, there isalso a mouthpiece.I ncludedwiththelifejacketareaheliograph,whistle and a small military flashlight.35Life RaftThis is a standard life raft intended for five people.I t is circular, with twin buoyancy chambers (whichallowtherafttoremainfloatingifoneofthechambers is punctured). I t also features a throughthefloorbailingdevice(allowingtherafttobebailedinbadweather,andarainwater-catchingcanopy. There are also cords, which enable the rafttoberightedifitblowsover.I tinflatesusingacompressed gas cylinder in around 30 seconds.I tems contained within the life raft include:Bailer: A buoyant plastic device for bailing waterout of the raft.Sea anchors (2)Paddles (2): Buoyant paddles.Marine flashlightSeawater pump: A desalination pump that can beused to make seawater drinkable or to purifywater of bacteria.HeliographWhistleLamps (2): Powered by water-activated batteries.One for inside the raft for illumination, one foroutside for identification.Buoyant Smoke Signals (2, orange)Rocket parachute flares (4)First aid kit: Equivalent to three Personal First AidKits, sealed in a resealable plastic bag. I ncludesanti-seasickness medicine.Drinking vesselsFishing tackle: A selection of hooks, lines, floatsand sinkers for emergency fishing.Locator beaconRations: Compact, high-calorie rations for fivepeople for five days.Locator BeaconThis is similar to the beacons carried by aircrews toassistwiththeirrecoverwheretheyareforcedtoejectoverwater.I tiseffectivelyasmallradartransponder,pocket-sizedandemittingasignalthatcanbelocatedatdistancesofupto20milesor so.Rebreather (Closed-Circuit)ArebreatherisadevelopmentofSCUBAtechnology,providingasystemthatessentiallyremoves carbon dioxide and replaces used oxygen.There are three kinds of rebreather system: oxygenrebreathers,semi-closedcircuitrebreathersandclosed-circuitrebreathers.Eachallowsprogressivelydeeperdivingandlessdecompression.Thedetailsgivenhereareforthesystemallowingthedeepestdives,theclosed-circuit system.Becausethesystemonlyextractstheharmfulgasand replaces the gas that is used, it doesnt need tosupplytheNitrogenthatisunusedinaconventionalSCUBAsystem.Thisisefficientandmakesforalightweightoverallsystem.Otheradvantagesincludelessdecompression(thebends), and the system is silent and produces nobubbles.Exhaled carbon dioxide is extracted using a canisterofsodiumhydroxide(sofnolime).I tisreplacedinthebreathingloopwithoxygen,withtheoxygenconcentration controlled by a microprocessor.Theentireunitismounteduponabackpackharnesswithbreathinghose,approximately580x480x350mm in size. This does not include theSCUBA mask. A 3.4-litre sofnolime canister providesforaround12hoursofdiving.Theunitrequiresthree batteries (AA-, C- and D-cells) to control thevariousprocessorsandbackup,witharound20hours of operation.SCUBA Air Tank and RegulatorThecoreelementofSCUBA(Self-ContainedUnderwaterBreathingApparatus)gearistheairtank (s) and regulator. A tank contains enough airforbetween45and120minutesofdiving(dependingupondepth),andtanksareworninashoulderandbeltharness.Uptothreetanksmaybe worn.Alongwiththetankisaregulator,whichhastwofunctions.Thefirstregulatestheflowofairfromthe tank, whilst the second (carried in the mouth orfitted in the helmet) regulates the exhaled air. Thisiseitherdispersedintothewaterorthecarbondioxideisabsorbedinacausticsodaregenerationchamber.Mostregulatorscanbeadjustedsothatthe same breathing effort is maintained throughout36thedive,regardlessofchangingpressureanddepth.SCUBA Mask, Fins and SnorkelA facemask, fins and a snorkel for use when eitherSCUBA diving or snorkelling.Forthosewithlessthanperfecteyesight,masksareavailablewithprescriptionlenses,atanadditional cost of 10%.A full-face version of the facemask is also available,designed for use in foul water (such as where thereis a risk of infection from sewage.Wet SuitForSCUBAdivingincoldwater,thewetsuitismade of 3, 5 or 7mm neoprene, and whilst it doesnotkeepthedivercompletelydry,doesatleastmaintainwarmthandoffersomeprotectionfromrocks. I t includes reef boots and gloves.WetsuitsarealsoavailableinmilitaryDPM(disruptivepatternmaterialcamouflage)forspecialforcesorUDT(UnderwaterDemolitionTeam) specialists.Summary of Items in this ChapterI tem: Price ($US): Weight (kg): Weight (lb):Buoyancy Compensator$ 380 15.00kg 33.00lbDive Computer$ 440 0.40kg 0.88lbDive Light$ 125 1.60kg 3.52lbDive Tape$ 5 0.03kg 0.07lbInflatable Assault Boat$ 2,000 10.50kg 23.10lbLife J acket$ 160 0.70kg 1.54lbLife Raft$ 2,600 35.00kg 77.00lbLocator Beacon$ 325 0.25kg 0.55lbOutboard Motor$ 400 30.00kg 66.00lbPaddles$ 110 2.00kg 4.40lbRebreather, Closed-Circuit$ 15,000 26.36kg 58.00lbSCUBA Air Tank and Regulator$ 595 10.25kg 22.55lbSCUBA Fins$ 80 0.30kg 0.66lbSCUBA Mask$ 55 0.15kg 0.33lbSCUBA Mask, Full Face$ 65 0.25kg 0.55lbSnorkel$ 25 0.10kg 0.22lbVest Compensator$ 50 0.10kg 0.22lbWet Suit$ 700 5.50kg 12.10lbWet Suit, DPM$ 701 6.50kg 14.30lb37MountaineeringBelaying DeviceA belaying device is a metal safety device, throughwhichabelayingropeisthreaded.I tassiststhebelayer(thepersonholdingtherope)inbringingthefallundercontrol,bygrippingtheropeifitcomes under sudden tension.Chock SetSimilartopitons,achocksetisaselectionofirregularshapedwedgesthatcanbewedgedintocracksintherocktoformanchorpointsandfootholds. I n the same way as pitons they have aneyeatthetoptoallowalineorkarabinertobeattached.CramponsThese are metal overshoes that fit on the sole of aclimbing boot, giving the wearer added traction onsnow or ice.DeadmanA belaying point for climbing in snow, consisting ofa metal plate, with a wire loop attached. The safetyrope is doubled through the loop on the Deadman;iftheclimberfalls,thenthesafetyropeengages,breaking the fall.Grappling Hook (Collapsible)Thislightweightaluminiumgrapplinghookfoldsdownforeasystorageandcanalsobefiredattachedtoaropefromalinethrower,orfroma40mm grenade launcher using M688 rocket shells.Ice PickAnicepickisaone-handedpickforusewhenclimbing above the snow line. I t also doubles as adeadly hand-to-hand weapon.J umar ClampA clip applied to a mountaineering line that will runfreely along a slack line, but tightens in response todownwardweight.I tisusedasasafetydevice,whichpreventsaclimberfallingtoofar,butcanalso be used in ascending a line by pulling upwardswiththehands/arms(toslackentherope)andlifting the body upwards.KarabinersA fundamental for any serious climbing, karabinersare alloy loops through which climbing line is fed. Ascrew-gatekarabinerhasahingedsection,whichlocksintoplacewithatubularscrew,whichlocksthegateintothebodyofthekarabiner.Anon-screw karabiner simply has a gate held in place bya strong spring.Screw gate karabiners are typically used where theclimbingordescendingdoesnotrequirethekarabinertobeopenedfrequently(suchasthekarabinersecuringtheclimbingharness,orwhenrappelling or abseiling).Non-screwkarabiners(alsocalledsnaplinks)areusedforfastaccessorwherethekarabinerisrepeatedly opened (such as securing equipment formovementbylineorasasecondarykarabinerwhen moving to or from a fixed rope).38Lightweight LadderUsed by mountaineers and also Search and Rescue(SAR)teams,thislightweightladderistwometreslongandmadeoftubularaluminium.Atoneendtherearehookswhichallowtheladdertobesecured over a ledge, whilst at both ends there areholes for triangular bolts, which can be used to linkseveralladderstogether.Thismaybedoneeitherin line (to form a longer ladder) or at right anglesto assist in crossing crevasses.Line AscenderThisdevicelocksontoalineandcanalsobecoupled to a mountaineering harness, enabling theclimbertoclimbafreehangingline.Thedeviceworks in the same way as a J umar Clamp, lockingwhendownwardpressureisplaceduponit,butrunning freely upwards. There are hand-straps andstirrups,whicharepulleduponandslidupwardsalternatelytoascendtheline.Byattachingthemountaineering harness to the line the climber mayrest if required.M688 Rocket ShellThisisa40mmroundforusewitha40mmgrenade launcher, such as the M79, M203 or HK69.Theshellenablesagrapplinghookandlinetobelaunched distances up to 50 metres vertically.Mountaineering LineTheadventofmodernman-madefibressuchasnylon and polypropylene allowed the manufacturersof mountaineering lines and climbing ropes to makemuchlighterandstrongerlines,withgreaterbreaking strains. All lines are available in a varietyofcolourstoenablecertaintypesofropetobecolour-coded for an expedition.9mm Polypropylene LineThisisastandard,all-purposelineforgeneralclimbingordescending.I tcomesin90metrelengths, with a breaking strain of around 1,500 kg.8mm Terylene LineThisisalighterweightropeforsecondaryuseordescending.I tcomesin200metrereels,withabreaking strain of 1,250 kg.4mm Polypropylene LineAlighterline,usedforsecuringtarpaulins,guylines and frame pack lashing. I t comes in 30 metrelengths, with a breaking strain of around 600 kg.Nylon LadderThisisalightweight10-metreladdermadeofsimilarmaterialtomountaineeringline.Itisusedbysecondaryclimberstoclimbspeedilyandwithlesseffortoverdifficultsectionsofaclimb.Thereare loops at the top, enabling it to be fastened toananchor(suchasapitonordeadman)usingasnap link. I t rolls up into a cylinder 300mm long by150mm diameter for portability.Piton (I ce and Rock)Pitonsaremetalclimbingthatarehammeredorwedgedintorockcrevicesoricetoprovideafoothold or to affix a rope to. The piton has an eyeattheoppositeendtothespike,throughwhichaline can be passed, and a serrated edge along thespike to assist with grip.Piton HammerThisisasmall(20cmlong),lightweightaluminiumhammer for knocking in pitons where no cracks areavailable.Rappelling /Abseil HarnessThisisaloopedknittednylonseatharnessthatisworninafigureofeight,heldtogetherbyakarabiner. I t is worn around the seat / pelvis, andis required for abseiling or rappelling.39Rappelling DescenderThisisanaluminiumfigureofeightdeviceusedwhenrappellingorabseiling,whichreducesthefriction on the rope and hands.Summary of Items in this ChapterI tem: Price ($US): Weight (kg): Weight (lb):Belaying Device $ 60 0.23kg 0.50lbChock Set $ 140 1.00kg 2.20lbCrampons $ 120 1.00kg 2.20lbDeadman $ 22 0.25kg 0.55lbGrappling Hook, Collapsible $ 20 0.20kg 0.44lbIce Pick $ 65 0.30kg 0.66lbJ umar Clamp $ 265 0.15kg 0.33lbKarabiner, Non-screw $ 70 0.10kg 0.22lbKarabiner, Screw-gate $ 42 0.10kg 0.22lbLightweight Ladder $ 45 2.50kg 5.50lbLine Ascender $ 265 1.00kg 2.20lbM688 Rocket Shells $ 40 1.12kg 2.46lbMountaineering Line, 4mm Polypropylene $ 160 0.60kg 1.32lbMountaineering Line, 8mm Terylene $ 540 8.00kg 17.60lbMountaineering Line, 9mm Polypropylene $ 630 4.05kg 8.91lbNylon Ladder $ 160 1.50kg 3.30lbPiton Hammer $ 55 0.30kg 0.66lbPitons, Ice $ 140 2.00kg 4.40lbPitons, Rock $ 140 2.00kg 4.40lbRappelling / Abseil Harness $ 140 0.01kg 0.02lbRappelling Descender $ 70 0.10kg 0.22lb40AirborneAltimeterThisisastandardparachutistsaltimeter,withananaloguedialwithluminousmarkingsforlowlightconditions.Thealtimeterclipsontotheparachuteharness. An altimeter is preferable for all drops, butessential for high altitude drops.HelmetsThereareanumberofhelmetsandprotectiveheadgear used in parachuting and flying. The basicpurposeofeachistoprovideprotectiontothehead in the event of a crash, but additional systemsareusuallyalsoattached.Theseincludeattachingpointsforcommunications,visorsandbreathingapparatus. The broad types of kit available are:Air Crew HelmetThis is the basic type of flying helmet, with a tintedanti-fog visor to provide protection from ultra-violetlightandglare.I thaspointsforattachingcommunicationslinks(headsetandboommicrophone) and a facemask for oxygen.High Altitude HelmetA full-face helmet for high altitude parachute drops(HAHOandHALO),similarinconfigurationtoamotorbike helmet. I t has a flip-up anti fog visor, anairtightcollarandinterchangeableliners,withconnection points for an oxygen system.Special Forces HALO HelmetThis is a standard open-face helmet, which has twocommunicationslinkattachments(foradualcommunicationssetup),afacemaskforoxygenequipmentandanSDU-5StrobeLight(seeCommunications Gear).Ballistic HALO Helmet is shown underBodyArmour.J ump ComputerJ ustasdivecomputershavereplaceddepthandpressuregaugesfordiving,jumpcomputershaveinpartreplacedanaloguealtimetersforskydivingas the preferred piece of kit.Essentially,thejumpcomputerisanaudiblealtimeter.I thasthreeprogrammablealtitudesatwhichanaudiblewarningisgiven.I talsohasanelectroniclogbooktorec