Equal Opportunity May 4, 1999. The History of Race and Ethnic Relations in the United States has not...
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![Page 1: Equal Opportunity May 4, 1999. The History of Race and Ethnic Relations in the United States has not been Peaceful l Irish l Chinese/Japanese l Jews l.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022072006/56649d125503460f949e5e72/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Equal Opportunity
May 4, 1999
![Page 2: Equal Opportunity May 4, 1999. The History of Race and Ethnic Relations in the United States has not been Peaceful l Irish l Chinese/Japanese l Jews l.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022072006/56649d125503460f949e5e72/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The History of Race and Ethnic Relations in the United States
has not been Peaceful
Irish Chinese/Japanese Jews Native Americans Hispanics African Americans Italians, Poles, etc.
![Page 3: Equal Opportunity May 4, 1999. The History of Race and Ethnic Relations in the United States has not been Peaceful l Irish l Chinese/Japanese l Jews l.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022072006/56649d125503460f949e5e72/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Real Courage was Involved in Working on Race/Ethnic
Relations
American history has not been conflict free
Rule of law often did not apply to those who were subjects of discrimination
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Choice 1: People, not government, can ensure
fairness PROPONENTS SAY Our rights are
protected without affirmative action
We must respect people as individuals
It is good business
![Page 5: Equal Opportunity May 4, 1999. The History of Race and Ethnic Relations in the United States has not been Peaceful l Irish l Chinese/Japanese l Jews l.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022072006/56649d125503460f949e5e72/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Americans strongly affirm the merit principle
Do you approve or disapprove of favoring a minority applicant who is less qualified than a white applicant when filling a job in a business that has few minority workers (March 1995, Gallup)
13%
87%
Favor Oppose
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Choice 1: People, not government, can ensure
fairness OPPONENTS SAY Racism and sexism
are still here and strong
Businesses cannot be trusted to diversify on their own
Business cannot afford the training required
![Page 7: Equal Opportunity May 4, 1999. The History of Race and Ethnic Relations in the United States has not been Peaceful l Irish l Chinese/Japanese l Jews l.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022072006/56649d125503460f949e5e72/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Should there be preference in hiring or promotion today where there has been
discrimination in the past?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Poll
1985
Poll
1987
Poll
1995
Race Should
Race ShouldNot
Women Should
Women ShouldNot
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Affirmative Action Attitudes Vary by Race
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
More Less
Whites
Blacks
Do you think that blacks get more attention from government than they deserve? (NORC, 1994)
![Page 9: Equal Opportunity May 4, 1999. The History of Race and Ethnic Relations in the United States has not been Peaceful l Irish l Chinese/Japanese l Jews l.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022072006/56649d125503460f949e5e72/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Choice 2:Level the Playing Field: give
everyone an equal chance
Proponents say:• Help all the poor,
not just some• a Fair start is
right, forcing outcomes is wrong
• Greatest needs are in health and education
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Affirmative Action Attitudes Vary by Gender
Are you in favor of affirmative action programs designed to help women get better jobs and education? (LAT, 1995)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Fa
vo
r
Op
po
se
Men
Women
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Choice 2:Level the Playing Field: give
everyone an equal chance
OPPONENTS SAY:• This doesn’t
address discrimination
• This is a huge gamble
• We cannot afford it
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Do you think that [Women]/[Blacks] have an equal chance now to succeed?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Agree Disagree
Total
Male
Female
Total
Blacks
Hispanics
Whites
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Choice 3:Finish what we started
Proponents Say:• Affirmative action
is working• We have a long
way to go• Government must
lead the way
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The federal government should make special efforts to improve the social and economic position of minority groups to correct past discrimination (3/4-7, 1995)
0
10
20
30
40
50
Poll in 1995 Poll in 1991
Special Efforts
No SpecialEfforts
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NBC/WSJ (April 3-4, 1995) Proposal to end the use of affirmative action
considerations such as race or gender
Don't Know
Favor
Oppose
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Choice 3:Finish what we started
Opponents Say:• It is not fair to
anyone• It is tearing us
apart• No one likes it
anyway
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Americans Strongly oppose Quotas
63
%
37
%
Favor Oppose Do you favor or oppose setting aside programs that guarantee a certain percentage of government contracts to minority owned firms? NBC (1995)