EQ101
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8/3/2019 EQ101 http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/eq101 1/57 Lisa Wald! USGS Pasadena! U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program! Earthquakes 101 (EQ101)
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Transcript of EQ101
8/3/2019 EQ101
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Lisa Wald!USGS Pasadena!
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
USGS Earthquake Hazards Program!
Earthquakes 101 (EQ101)
8/3/2019 EQ101
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Global Distribution of Earthquakes
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Lisa Wald!USGS Pasadena!
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
USGS Earthquake Hazards Program!
Plate Tectonics
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Plate Boundaries
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Three Types of Faults
Strike-SlipThrust
Normal
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Strike-slip Fault Example
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Strike-slip Fault Example
1906 San Francisco Earthquake!
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Normal Fault Example
Dixie Valley-Fairview Peaks, Nevada earthquake!December 16, 1954
!
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Thrust Fault Example
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Thrust Fault Example
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Total Slip in the M7.3 Landers EarthquakeRupture on a Fault
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✭Depth
Intothe
earth
Surface of the earth!
Distance along the fault plane !100 km (60 miles) !
Slip on an earthquake faultSTART
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Slip on an earthquake fault
Second 2.0
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Slip on an earthquake fault
Second 4.0
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Slip on an earthquake fault
Second 6.0
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Slip on an earthquake fault
Second 8.0
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Slip on an earthquake fault
Second 10.0
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Slip on an earthquake fault
Second 12.0
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Slip on an earthquake fault
Second 14.0
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Slip on an earthquake fault
Second 16.0
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Slip on an earthquake fault
Second 18.0
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Slip on an earthquake fault
Second 20.0
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Slip on an earthquake fault
Second 22.0
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Slip on an earthquake fault
Second 24.0
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Bigger Faults Make Bigger Earthquakes
1
10
100
1000
5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5Magnitude
K i l o m e t e
r s
8
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Bigger Earthquakes Last a Longer Time
1
10
100
5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8
Magnitude
S e c o n d s
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What Controls the Level of Shaking?• Magnitude
– More energy released• Distance
– Shaking decays with distance• Local soils
– amplify the shaking
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Is there such a thing as
“Earthquake Weather”???
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Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking
Northridge, CA 1994
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Earthquake Effects -
Ground Shaking
Northridge, CA 1994
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Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking
KGO-TV News ABC-7Loma Prieta, CA 1989
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Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking
Kobe, Japan 1995
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Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking
Kobe, Japan 1995
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Earthquake Effects - Surface Faulting
Landers, CA 1992
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Earthquake Effects - Liquefaction
Source: National Geophysical Data Center
Niigata, Japan 1964
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Earthquake Effects - Landslides
Turnagain Heights, Alaska,1964 (upper left inset);!Santa Cruz Mtns, California , 1989
Source: National Geophysical Data Center
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Earthquake Effects - Fires
KGO-TV News ABC-7
Loma Prieta, CA 1989
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Earthquake Effects - Tsunamis
Photograph Credit: Henry Helbush. Source: National Geophysical Data Center
1957 Aleutian Tsunami
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Seismic Waves
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Earthquake MagnitudeM5
M6
M7
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Earthquake Location
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The San Andreas Fault
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Pacific-North American Plate Boundary
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Will California eventually
fall into the ocean???
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Faults
of Southern
California
Source: SCEC Data Center
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Shaking Hazard in Southern California
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Faults in Our Local Area - Arcadia
55 KM long!Last ruptured in last 10,000 YEARS
SLIP RATE: between 0.36 and 4 mm/yr!PROBABLE MAGNITUDES: MW6.0 - 7.0 (?)!Dips to the north
THRUST fault!Sierra Madre Fault Zone!
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Faults in Our Local Area - Arcadia
Source: SCEC Data Center
26 KM long!Last ruptured in last 10,000 YEARS
SLIP RATE: between 0.10 and 0.22 mm/yr!PROBABLE MAGNITUDES: MW6.0 - 7.0!Dips to the north
STRIKE-SLIP fault!Raymond Fault!
At least eight surface-rupturing events have occurredalong this fault in the last 36,000 years!
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Faults in Our Local Area - Arcadia
18 KM long!Last ruptured in last 1.6 million YEARS!SLIP RATE: ???!PROBABLE MAGNITUDES: ???!Dips to the north
THRUST fault!Clamshell-Sawpit Canyon fault!
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Real-time Earthquake Information
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ShakeMaps
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Did You Feel It?Community!Internet!Intensity!Maps!
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U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
USGS Earthquake Hazards Program!
http://pasadena.wr.usgs.gov/ http://earthquake.usgs.gov/
Where to go for more information:
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Faults in Our Local Area - La Canada
Source: SCEC Data Center
LENGTH: the zone is about 55 km long;!total length of main fault segments is about 75 km,!with each segment measuring roughly 15 km long!MOST RECENT SURFACE RUPTURE: Holocene,
!10,000 years to present!SLIP RATE: between 0.36 and 4 mm/yr!INTERVAL BETWEEN SURFACE RUPTURES:!several thousand years (?)!PROBABLE MAGNITUDES: MW6.0 - 7.0 (?)!OTHER NOTES: This fault zone dips to the north.
TYPE OF FAULTING: reverse!
