EQ: WHAT IS ENERGY, AND HOW CAN IT BE TRANSFORMED? HTTPS:// ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS.
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Transcript of EQ: WHAT IS ENERGY, AND HOW CAN IT BE TRANSFORMED? HTTPS:// ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS.
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E Q : W H A T I S E N E R G Y , A N D H O W C A N I T B E T R A N S F O R M E D ?
H T T P S : / / W W W . Y O U T U B E . C O M / W A T C H ? V = L R R D K M J H O G W
ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS
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ENERGY TRANSFERS
• Sometimes, one form of energy needs to be transformed into another to get work done.• A change from one
form to another is called an energy transformation.
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TRANSFORMATIONS BETWEEN POTENTIAL AND KINETIC ENERGY
• One of the most common energy transformations is the transformation between potential energy and kinetic energy.
• In waterfalls such as Niagara Falls, potential energy is transformed to kinetic energy.
• The water at the top of the falls has gravitational potential energy.
• As the water plunges, its velocity increases. Its potential energy becomes kinetic energy.
• Velocity: speed in a given direction (north, south, east, west, up, down, left, right, etc)
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ENERGY TRANSFORMATION IN A PENDULUM
• In a pendulum, a continuous transformation between kinetic and potential energy takes place.
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ENERGY TRANSFORMATION IN A PENDULUM
• At the highest point in its swing, the pendulum has no movement, so it only has gravitational potential energy.
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ENERGY TRANSFORMATION IN A PENDULUM
• As it swings downward it speeds up
• It’s potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy.
• It has it’s maximum amount of kinetic energy at the lowest point of its swing
• This pattern of energy transformation continues until all of the pendulum’s kinetic energy transforms into potential energy.
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CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
• If a top is set into motion, will the top remain spinning forever?• No, it will not. • Why? What happens to
the energy?• Is it destroyed?• Again, the answer is no.• Why?• T-P-S
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THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
• The law of conservation of energy states that when one form of energy is transformed to another, no energy is destroyed in the process.
• According to the law of conservation of energy, energy cannot be created or destroyed.
• The total amount of energy is the same before and after any transformation.
• If you add up all the new forms of energy after a transformation, all of the original energy will be accounted for.
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ENERGY AND FRICTION
• So what happened to the energy in the top?• T-P-S• As the top spun, it
encountered friction with the floor and friction from the air.
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ENERGY AND FRICTION
• Whenever a moving object experiences friction, some of its kinetic energy is transformed into thermal energy.• The top slows down
eventually and falls, but the energy is not destroyed, but changed.
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ASSESSMENT PROMPT
• Create collaborative poster illustrating the Law of Conservation of Energy as it relates to kinetic and potential energy.
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SINGLE TRANSFORMATIONS
• Sometimes, one form of energy needs to be transformed into another to get work done.• Example: toaster• Starts with electrical• Transforms to
thermal.
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ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS
• Most forms of energy can be transformed into other forms.
• McTeen/CEMENT• A change from one form
to another is called an energy transformation.
• Some energy transformations involve single transformations, and others involve many transformations
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SINGLE TRANSFORMATIONS
• Food digestion• Starts: chemical• Transforms:
mechanical• Cell phone• Starts: electrical• Transforms:
electromagnetic energy to contact with other cellphones.
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MULTIPLE TRANSFORMATIONS
• Often, a series of energy transformations is needed to do work.
• For example, the mechanical energy used to strike a match:
• Transforms to thermal energy. The thermal energy causes the particles in the match to release
• Which become stored chemical energy, which is transformed to
• Thermal energy and • The electromagnetic energy
you see as light.
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MULTIPLE TRANSFORMATIONS
• In a car engine, another series of energy conversions occurs.
• Electrical energy produces a spark.
• The thermal energy of the spark releases chemical energy in the fuel.
• The fuel’s chemical energy in turn becomes thermal energy.
• Thermal energy is converted to mechanical energy used to move the car, and
• to electrical energy to produce more sparks.
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EINSTEIN’S THEORY OF RELATIVITY
• In 1915, Albert Einstein published the theory of relativity.
• In it, he stated (among other things), that sometimes energy can be created by destroying matter!
• Example:• Burning a log in a
fireplace (heat and electromagnetic created)