eQ Journal Issue 4

7/28/2019 eQ Journal Issue 4

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TABLEOF

CONTENTS THE NEW URBANLEGEND

FOURQUESTIONS

ARBOR:FLOURISHING IN A

MANAGED FOREST

SAPPI'S BESTPRACTICES

ECOLOGY: THRIVINGFOREST W ILDLIFE

SUSTAINABLMANAGED F

POSITIVE MESSAGES

MORE TRUTHS ABOUTPAPER AND FOREST MANAGEMENT

HANS WEGNERNATIONALGEOGRAPHIC

SOCIETY


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y LETTER FROM THE EDITOR -As an ind us t ry l eade r w i th yea rs o f f ie ld exp er ienc eand tec hn ica l know ledge , we know i t i s ou r du tyto show how sus ta ina b le fo res t ry re su l t s in he a l t h ie rfores ts and thr iv ing wi ld l i fe .LAURA M.THOMPSON , PhDDirector ofTechnical Marketingand SustainableDeve lopmentSappi Fine PaperNorth America

* On the bat t leground of media soun d bi tes ,our in dus try is trying to fight a barrage ofmislea ding messag es like "go paperle ss, savea t r ee" with our own declarat ions and one-l ine r s . Offense. Defense. With every parcelof truth , myths and misinformation aboundand no one seem s to take the t ime to engagein meaningful dialogue.

As an industry leader with years of fieldexperience and technical knowledge, weknow i t is our duty to show how su stainablefores t ry resul ts in heal th ier fores ts andthriving wildlife.

True to our eQ promise, herein we pre sentthe facts and science behind sustainableforestry practices. So tha t you'll feel confidentusing certified and controlled paper products,we've approached this complex issue ofmanaging natural resourc es by sharing multipleperspectives. You'll learn from Sappi foresters,an academ ician, a conse rvationist , and ath i rd -genera t ion loggerexperts who bringto life the tru e benefits of mana ging a forest.You'll also hear the voice of the c ustom er fromHans W egner, Chief Sustainability Officerfor the Na tional Geograph ic Society, whotouch es on all the com plex social andenvironm ental i ssues surrounding the pulpand paper industry.

There is not a single matter related to paperuse that touc hes each of us personal ly andemotionally as forestry. Simply putpeoplelove trees. It troubles me tha t some peopleenvis ion responsible paper manufacturersas engaging in deforesta tion w hen, in fact,our suppl iers are harvest ing sustainably wi tha keen vigilance about prom oting the re generation tha t keeps forests thriving. This type offorward thinking not only helps create ha bitats

for animals that cal l these woodlands hom ebut also ensu res clean air, protec ted soil , bette rwa ter quality and the prom otion of biodiversity.Man y people assum e the best thing for a forestis to leave it in i ts natu ra l state , yet fewunders tand that variat ion in age class wi thina forest helps to pro mo te biodiversity of bothplant and animal species .

W ithin the following pages you'll read abou twhere our wood comes from, the types oftrees that are harvested and why these particularspecies are selected for our mills. All forestsare managed ei ther by Mother Nature or byhumansand i t 's often the case that humanman agem ent is bet ter for the long-term he al thof the forests.

We are prou d of the fact tha t selling pulp andpape r produc ts is our business. We strive to bea profitable, global leader within our industry,while being vigilant about using su stainablyharve sted wood wi th high levels of ce rtification- S F I , PEFC and FSC. Sappi does notp romote was te ful consumpt ion o f res our ce s -renew able or o therwise. We wan t ourcustom ers to use pap er wisely and purposefully.And we also wan t to create an u nder stand ingtha t one need not feel guilty abou t the imp acton the fores t when products are sourcedresponsibly . As an industry , we mu st s t r iveto meet society's needs for wood and paperproducts . But i t is not jus t abo ut me et ing th atdemandgood fores t management is aboutmaking fores ts bet ter .

Taking the Gu ilt Ou t of Paper 1


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Please don ' t p r in t th i s e -ma i l un lessyou rea l l y need to !

W e s u pp o r t t he use o f t ec hno l ogyand m ob i l i t y t oo l s t ha t enab l e as s oc i a tes to go paper less . A

y ou r b r ok e r age s t a t e m e n t st r a d e c o n f i r m a t i o n s o n l in e . b e f o r e pr ;~L T h i nk

d to p r in t th i j1 iStay Secure, Save Paper'and Save T ime.Go paper less to manage ; your money .

Pr in t Less . Save Trees .

Be cool

a i l s is u s u a l l y a w a s t e

; p r in t unlj!

o b e a p a p e r l e s s . .. , .. We a r e s t r i v i n g t o be a p a p e r l e s snsider t h e e n v i r o n -t i n g o f f i c e . P l e a s e c o n s i d e r t h e e n \

S ave t r ees and bank on l ine . # p r o t i pDon't Pr int ! Save Paper to Save Trees

E l im ina te paper b i l l s and he lp the env i r o n m e n t .

Save the trees.. .save the wor ld! O n l i ne s t a t em en t s he l p t heb y r e d u c i n g p a p e r c o n s u m


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TREE FARMSOR SERVERFARMS?

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> NEGATIVE MESSAGESTHE NEWURBANLEGENDNegative statements about paperand printing are everywhere.You see them on the bo tto mof emails, websites and billingstatem ents. Just remember,oftentimes these messages aremore fiction than fact. Readon to discover the tru th .


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^

II O inH inINNOM Ra a o

a. u.

IN TH E U.S.,FOREST GROWTHHAS EXCEEDEDHARVEST SINCETHE 1940S.

THINK BEFORE YOU D ON'T PRINT.

SOURCEWISELY. PRIN

WISELY.

The U.S. forestproducts industry isthe largest producerof renewablebiomass energy inthe country.

T H E R E A R E M O R EFORESTS IN THE U.S.T O D A Y T H A N T H E R EW E R E 5 0 Y E A R S A G O .

m 2 >2 2 2O S mo m 7)3 w r- H Q(/) c e nm tn 2m " 2 5m

P R I N T I N G P R O T E C T SOUR PRIVATE FORESTS.

C/)LU ZU J Q9 I -

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PRINT & HELPRESPONSIBLEFORESTRY G AINGROUND.

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l e n t

^s. Pr in t No th ing . Ever . #pro t ip

pier t h e e n v i r o n m e n trig t h i s message.

Receiv ing your b i l l e lec t ron icc o n v e n i e n t , e n v i r o n m e n t a l l ym e t hod t o v i ew y ou r bi l l .

Pleab e f o

K e e p i t o n t h e s c r e e n .

Post

Do \Real ly?

W e a r e s t r i v i n g t o b e a p a p e r l e s so f f i c e . P le a s e c o n s i d e r t h e e n v i r o n m e n t b e f o r e p r i n t i n gt h i s m e s s a g e .

Do the r igh t th ing . Don ' t p r in t .

S a v e t r e e s , s a v e p

IBe c o o l , c ons i de rdon ' t p r in t un less

jper lessie e n v i r o n -

Be Green . Keep i t on the sc reen .DoRe

t h e trees...save t h e w o r l d !

P lease cons ider the en \be fo re p r in t in g th i s mess < H Post he c o o l ,Please consider ]

b e f o r e printing tlT ' l :: :


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y FOUR QUESTIONS +

W h a t is th e va lue of'm an ag ing " a fo re s t v s .hav ing a "n a tu ra l " fo re s t ?

Are t r e es a " c r op "l ike vege tab les , g ra in so r c o t t o n ?

i All forests a re m ana ged ,e i ther by M other N atureor by hu m an s , so the t ruevalue com es from having"he al thy" forests.

Taking an active role in management can improve thehealth and well-being of the forest by mitigating con ditionstha t make th e forest m ore susceptible to damage from f ire,insects o r disease. Because forests live for a long tim e, webegin by working with landow ners to analyze each specif ictrac t of land, creati ng a plan base d on tre e species, ageclasses, density and the other fac tors that make i t unique.I f the t im ber is young and prolif ic , we might use thinn ingtechniques to prom ote tree g rowth and biodiversi ty. If t reesare large and mature , a more intensive prescr iption mightbe approp riate. This would encourage young growth and newfood so urces for wildlife. Such manag em ent plan s resu ltin better soil and water quali ty, pro tectio n of biodiversi ty,pres erva tion of areas of histo ric or religious significanceand inc reased rec rea t ion oppo r tun i t ie s . By ba lanc ing theecological, social and financial benefits, we are en suri ngour own health along with forest vitality.

^ In som e ways t ree s can beconsidered m uch l ike othercrops . The y are es tabl i shed,tended to and w hen theyreach m atur i ty , they a reharvested.

And of course , they grow back, in mos t cases thro ug hna tura l re-seeding and regeneratio n. But in other ways,forests are muc h mo re complex than crops like corn or cottonFor example, working forests have a high level of biodiversityin terms of age c lassifica tions, anim al popu la tion s a ndvegetation species. Food crops tend to be monoculture standstha t do not allow access for recreation. And unless a farmeris using organic farming techniq ues, there are m uch higherlevels of herbicides a nd pesticides applied to co nven tionalcrops than to trees, which usually f lourish on their own.

4 Sappi eQ Journal : Issue 00 4


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Sappi eQ Journal: Issue 004


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INTRODUCTION -STAINABLIANAGED Fwhy there are now more trees in the U.S. t h a nthere were 100 years ago. Thankfully it's nottoo late to stop believing the hype and to startunderstand iper andhow the forest products industry is ac tivelyworking to protect our woodlands forgenerations to a neISvery day, we hear messages saying tha tg t rees to make pa per is bad for the ea r th,for the en viro nm ent, bad for wildlife,is s imply not tru e . In fact , susta inableagement creates more trees and savesan ima ls all while preservin g the longevityand biodiversi ty of our t imberlands ; that 's


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White BirchBetu la papyr i feraBirches providefood for animalslike the Yellow-bellied Sapsucker,which drills intothe tree, allowingsap to run outto attract insectsto eat.

White, Red and Black SprucePicea spp.

The Spruce's four-sided needlesallow it to take advantage of water

whenever it is available and therebyflourish inpoor and dry soil.

MapleAcer spp.The ability to self-pollinate andsprout new trees from their stumpsmakes Maples common in the U.S.

White Pine ConePinus strobus

After taking two yearsto mature, thesecones are dispersedby the wind, andthen open and releasewinged seeds.

Tree BarkBeneath the bark,healthy trees have anorange layer calledthe phloem, whichtransports nutrients

from the leaves tothe rest of the tree. White PinePinus strobus

10 Sapp i eQ J o u r n a l : Issue 004

Pine bark is used in teasand oods by NativeAmericans, and it is animportan tfood source

for many animals.


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AspenPopulus tremuloidesAspen saplings needopen sunlight to flourish.

m White BirchBetula papyri feraBirch is a versatile tree thanksto the presence ofbetulinin the bark,making it resistantto water, bacteria and fungi.

> ARBOR >FLOURISHINGIN A MANAGEDFOREST

Aspen BarkPopulust remulo idesAspen's greenishhue allows it tophotosynthesizeduring the winter.

Silvicultural Revolutionv. EVERYTHING IN ITS PLACE

"A fores t i s like a garde n or a po pulat ioof people," says Gary Eriekson, regionalman ager of wood f iber and fuel proc urement for Sappi in Cloquet, Minn. "Forit to survive you need diversity/ ' This ibecause nothing in natur e, from th esmal les t insect to the tal les t t ree , cansurvive on its own. To this end, in th eforest, each tree perfo rms specific functiowhich can mean ei ther relying on orhelping another species . Each pa rt of thtreefrom the roots and t runks to theleaves and seedshas a job to do in ordto help the t ree take root and grow.By procurin g wood from m anaged forestha t main tain a variety of species invarying age classes , paper comp anies pan invaluable role in ensuring forests a nits inhabit ants flourish in ways tha t woube challenged if left to Moth er N atur e.

LichenThe presence of lichens ontrees signifies that the airnearby is relatively pure.

Taking the Gu ilt Ou t of Paper 11


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Growth Potentialx ASPEN, MAPLE, WH ITE BIRCH,WHITE PINE, BLACK SPRUCE

a Trees . It's a s imple word that encom passestens of thous ands of species worldwide, m anyof wh ich play spec ial roles in our l ives. Some,like the California Redw oods, personify ournat ional spir i t of preservat ion, whi le others ,l ike a strong Oak tree tha t holds a child's tre ehouse , symbol ize a prou d family 's ro ots . Andjus t as certa in trees signify different value sto us, the variou s species all have special n eeds

tha t must be met to guar antee they not onlysurvive but truly thrive. Given that these t reeare our lifeblood, at Sappi our foresters areextremely knowledgeable about the speciesof t ree s we use in our produc ts . This not onlyal lows us to supply our custom ers wi th thehighest-qua lity paper, but also ensu res tha t wewill always see the forest for the t rees .


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i A pioneerspecies, Aspens needdirect sunl ight to grow.Abundant and qu ickto regenerate, theyl ive 50-60 years , andrepresent the f i rs tgenerat ion of a forest .

Pioneer speciesgive way to this slow-growing t ree. Becausei ts f ibers are short andsmoo th, i t is added topaper to make wri t ingand print ing easier.

Aspensof ten give way to Whi teBirch, whic h is easilyident i f ied by i ts whi teand black bark.

Typically,the f inal stage in the l i fecycle of a fore st is aPine stand. White Pinesrise rapidly to over 100feet tall. For regeneration,they are depen denton a dis turbance, l ikeharvest ing, to openthe fo res t canopy andexpose minera l soi l .

Very tolerant ofshade, Spruce grows indense s tands that makegreat animal habitat. I tslong f iber s are key ingiv ing paper i ts s t rength.


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14 Sappi eQ Journal : Issue 0 0 4

Black BeUrsus americ

BrookTroutSalvelinusfontinalis

WhitetailDeerOdocoileusvirginianusRabbit

Leporids

AmericanMartenMartes

americanas

EasternChipmunkTamias striatus

EasternSquirrelSciurus

carolinensis


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> ECOLOGY +THRIVINGWILDLIFE

MooseSPOTLIGHT

The dec l ine in thenor thern M innesotamoose popu la t ionhas been a t t r ibu tedto a lack of forestmanagement . "Somewi ldl i fe managersbel ieve that the currentf ires in the BoundaryWaters may he lp themoose popu la t ion ,which tends to do b et terin a younger fores t / 'says Dr. Alan Ek, headof t he Depar tmentof Forest Resourcesat the Universityof Minnesota. "Clear-cu t t i ng , in somerespec ts , m imics thenatural dis turbancecaused by f i re. "

* The nat ive anim al and fish species in theUnited States are dependent on t rees forhabitat, food and clean water. But ma ny peopleoften fail to recognize tha t tree s are jus t asdependent on animals for d ispers ing seeds ,ferti l izing soil and transferring pollen.

Forest products com panies have long knownthis con nection, so while protecting wildlifehabi tat should be a priori ty for al l companies ,our indu stry has always bee n especial lyvigilant in wildlife con serv ation. After all, boththe comp anies and the animals rely on t reesto su rv ive and th i s a r rangem ent has worked :animals get a varied habitat, landow ners geta healthy, regenerating source of income andcons um ers get useful wood and pape r products .

In the las t decade, because m any fores tproduc ts and paper companies divested theirland, the industry has becom e rel iant onprivate landholders .

Since many of these private landow ners arenew to forestry and are sti l l learning how bestto mana ge their land as wildlife habitat, p apercompanies like Sappi offer on-staff wildlifebiologists and certified forester s to assist the ir

suppl iers . "We educate landowners on fores t ryissues and the benefits of harvesting in term sof ma intainin g or at t rac t ing diverse wi ldl i fe ,"says Gary Erickson, regional mana ger ofwood fiber and fuel procurement for Sappi inCloquet , Minn.

A key elem ent for sustainable land m anagem en t for wildlife is knowing the local andstate wi ldli fe regulat ions and work ing withadm inistrato rs to protec t sensitive species.

"We send property boun dary locat ions to s tateagencies , and they assess them in relat ionto plant and animal comm unit ies on thelandsca pe," says Katie Cousins , Sappi wildlifebiologist and forester in Skowhegan, Maine.

"If a species of special conce rn is present, w e willcome to an agreeme nt on the approp riateman agem ent in tha t a rea depend ing on theanimal species."

Along with working within regulatoryparameters , Sappi also works wi th wi ldl i feconservat ion groups to spread the messageabout how proper fores t management canboth pre serve and im prove wildlife habitat foranimals and make economic sense.

"Forest product companies need to providea return to thei r shareholders , but our in teres tare very cons is tent w i th thei rs ," says DanDessecker, director of conse rvat ion pol icy forthe Ruffed Grou se Society. "Our biologistswork closely with t he m on a local basis to giveinpu t as to how to man age a trac t of land forthe forest diversity that grouse need."

And lest you think the Ruffed Grouse Societyonly cares about game birds, Dessecker saysother species also benefit from living in areasfrom wh ich trees a re culled. Songbirds like the

Taking the Guilt Ou t of Paper 15


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Ruffed GrouseSPOTLIGHT -> Grouse need diverseforests , which meansnot only retainingmature s tands butalso creat ing recent lycut areas throughsustainable harvest ingtechniques. " In thewinter you' l l f ind grousein older stands becausethe f lower bud of themature male aspentree is an import food

source," Dessecker says."But main ly th rougho utthe year grouse usethe many s tems in veryyoung forests for secure,protect ive cover. "

:,;";:* A;.

In our minds and innature, bi rds and t reesare inseparable. Ashor t walk in the fo restshows the im por tanceof t rees to bi rds, f romfood and nests toperches, hiding placesand communica t ionhubs. Birds in turn doplay a signif icant rolein the l ives of trees.For example, not onlydo bi rds spread t reeseeds, but thanksto thei r digest ivesystem, they also helpto germinate them .Furthermore, bi rds feedon insects that candestroy t rees, therebyreduc ing t ree damagefrom defol iat ion or barkinfestat ions.

Eastern Towhee, Blue-winged Warbler, PrairieWarbler, Yellow-breasted Chat and Wh ite-eyed Vireo, as well as countles s sm all animals,

"thrive in young forests/ ' he says.But al l animals are uniqu e, and there aredifferent cut t ing techniques that promote thesurvival of specific creatures. "To manage fora canopy species like Cerulean W arblers, youharvest with a l ight touch/ ' Dessecker advises.

"But for the endangered Kirtland's Warbler,which need young s tands of Jack Pine fores ts ,you use a regenerat ion harvest ."

In other instances, patch cuts, which createopenings in the fores t , can help variousanimals . "This technique prom otes the growthof a lot of new regen erati on in the few ye arsfollowing the harvest/' says Cousins . "That 'shigh qual i ty brows e habi tat for deer a ndmoo se and it also provides good cover for a lotof smal l mamm als ." Thankful ly , w i th awildlife biologist like Cousins on staff, Sappiis able to recognize specific spec ies h abita tand thereby determ ine which harvest ing s tyleto employ.

While knowing how to cut is impera t ive,unde rs tand ing what t rees not to harvest isjust as imp ortan t. Though it is rare, "no harvestzones can be the resul t of an e ndange redspecies making its home in the area. More oftenforesters forgo cutting becaus e they uncovera residen t species tha t simply prefers old growtht rees, like the Red-shouldered Hawk. "That 'sa bi rd that requ ires a m atur e r iparian fores t,"Dessecke r says . "If you have a s tand that 'sproviding them quality habitat, you just leave it .

Along with leaving specific sw aths ofterrito ry untouched , foresters also know whichindividual trees are or will be imp ort ant tonative animals, and keep those t runks s tanding.

"If we see Beech trees tha t bears have climbedto gather nuts, we leave them," says certifiedlogger Mike Kelley. "Also, m atu re tre eswith cavi t ies tha t are good dens for racc oonsor squirrels are typical ly excluded fromthe harvest ."

Not only do the nee ds of wildlife influencehow we cut (or not cut) a forest, but oftent ime s when i t is cut. "Deer need hardw ood

16 Sappi eQ Journal : Issue 004


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habitat, but are m ore reliant on softwood habitatin the wintert ime w hen they need protect ionfrom the sno w" says Cousins. "If you can extractselected matu re hardw ood out of a softwoodwinte ring area, i t a l lows the softwood canopyto close back in over time, improv ing the deer'swin ter habitat."

Despite the fact that the forest diversitythat resul ts from cut t ing is a must for manyspecies ' survival, the re can be obstacles inpursu ing this course of action. "There are well-funded preservat ionis t organizat ions outther e tha t s imply go bal l is t ic every t ime youprop ose cu tting a tree," says Dessecker. Headds that this lack of man agem ent has led to ourfores ts get t ing older and one-dim ensional ,which has manifes ted i t sel f in an increas in glack of suitable terrain for many animals.

For ins tance, the Golden-winged Warbleris being considered for protec tion und er th eEnd ang ered Species Act beca use of a "lossof such hab i tat due to refores tat io n and f iresuppres s ion" according to the U.S. Fish &Wildlife Service.

And it is for the Golden-winged Warbler andthe coun t less othe r animals tha t live in ourforests that Sappi continues to cut t imberlandin a thoughtful m anne r. Sus tainablemanagement techniques save forests and allowthem to nourish , whi le serving to pro tectand increas e anim al populat ion s . After all ,we're the first to acknowledge, a forestwitho ut anim als will inevitably becom e a forestwi thout t rees .

Taking the Guilt Ou t of Paper 17

f Yellow-' ^breasted Chat

i IcteriaL v i rens A

W Golden- \ winged WarblerB Vermivora^ L chrysoptera A

White-eyedVireoVireo

griseus

DownyWoodpeckerPicoides

pubescensL A

AmericanWoodcockScolopax

minor .

Blue-wingeWarblerVermivora

w pinus

CeruleanWarblerDendroica

cerulea A


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18 Sappi eQ Jou rna l : issue 00 4


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Correct ly managinga forest rel ies oncompliance and di l igenceboth in the woods andin the o ff ice.^ Sappi routinely visi tss i tes to make sureharvest p lans complyw i th Bes t ManagementPractices (BMPs) and al lcutt ing is done proper ly.

* Our Chain of Custody(CoC) cert i f icat ion isdependen t on p roduc ttraceabi l i ty , s torage andhandling, invoicing, andrecord keeping practicesbeing conf i rmed by anindependent th i rd party.

':;c : : - i>f !

The major i tyof Sappi 's fiber

needs are providedwithin a 125-mileradius of i ts mil ls.

mmCloquet, MN o

Skowhegan, ME

y SUSTAINABILITY >SAPPI'S BESTPRACTICES"In Minnesota, privatelandowners make up 56%of the land ownership,so they are an importa ntsource of our f iber ,"says Ross Korpela. "Ourf ie ld foresters assessthei r t imber, learn the i rob ject ives for theproperty and create aplan that fi ts their needsas well as the BMPs."When i t comes t ime tocut, we go to great lengthsto ensure susta inableharvest ing. "We providetra in ing to the foresterson the g round bysupport ing ent i t ies suchas the Minnesota LoggerEducat ion Program,"says Korpela. "We alsomake sure to v is i tharvest ing s i tes to touc hbase with our loggers,ensur ing that everybody's wel l t ra ined,unders tands the BMPsand implements themon the g round as theymanage the resources."

* A flourishing forest provid es a grea t ma nythingsclean air, drinkable water, recreationaloppo rtunities, animal habitat, beautiful scenery,cool shade and, yes, pape r and wood pro ducts .

But wh at determ ines a health y forest andhow do you keep i t that way? A lot of peop lewill tell you a fit forest is pure ly an old-gro wthforest and that you keep it in tip-top co nditionby never, ever cuttin g it. But in fact, neitherof those sta tem ents are true .

Actually, the true hallm ark of healthytimb erland is biodiversi ty, which mea ns t hereare a lot of different specie s of different agesall l iving togeth er . In t erm s of trees, Dr . AlanEk, head of the Department of ForestResources at the Un iversity of Min nesota, saystha t across a landscap e you wa nt to havea mix of young, mature and old forests at allt imes . "And," Ek adds, "the only way toma in ta in tha t d ive r s i ty i s by m anagement ."

Of course , paper companies didn' t inventthe concept of forest man agem ent. "M otherNatu re has been managing forests forever," saysRoss Korpe la , sen ior wood procure men tman ager for Sappi in Cloquet, Min n. But thenatura l aspects of forest managem entfire ,disease, insect infestations, high windsare not

only extremely destructive but a lso tre me ndously costly to taxpayers, with the federalgovernment spending $3 billion annually solelyto fight wildfires.

To a llow forests and ev erything conne ctedto them to reap the benefi ts of these natura ltree-cull ing events witho ut exper iencing theirnegative effects, Sappi has and c ontin ues tocut trees in a very conscientio us and respectfulmanner , a system that has evolved intoour pre sen t Bes t Management P rac t ices(BMPs). This practice allows our paperto be cert ified as environm entally susta inableby the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC),Susta inable Forestry Init ia t ive (SFI) and theProgramme for the Endorsement of ForestCertification (PEFC).

Covering everything from harvest planningand tree se lection/exemption to road buildingand water-protection (see the following pagefor mo re informa tion on specif ic BMPs) ,our BMPs are a set of techn iques and rules th atour foresters m ust follow while they arecutt ing, removing and transporting lumber .

"Essen t ia l ly these m odern fore s t ha rves ttechniques mimic the gen t le r a spec ts o fMother Nature while providing f iber to meetsociety's needs," says Korpela . "That mean swe are cutt ing trees in the m ann er n atureintended. The result is , we are creating betterforests while also providing economic andenvironm ental benefits to the entire population.I t is the qu in te ss en t ia l win-win s i tua t iontha t insure s hea l thy ou tcomes for eve ryoneand everything."

Taking the Guil t Out of Paper 19


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* RISE OF GENTLER MACHINESExit the chainsaw. Enter the feller-buncher, a long-armed vehic le that not on lycuts trees but also gathers them. These machines cause less residual damageto nearby t rees by e lim ina t i ng the " t imb er " e f fec t and p ro tec t de l i ca te fo res tecosystems by being less invasive. "Some have a 50-foo t reach so you canharvest a sensitive area," says Ross Korpela. "Because there wil l be less ruttingyou' l l get regrowth in what would be a heavier so i l area l ike swamps."Depending on the type of envi ronment where bunchers and other vehic lesare used there are lo ts of wheel opt ions available-from high f lo tat ion orwide skipper t i res to loop and long tracksthat are l ight on the ground whi lep rov id ing j us t the r i ght amoun t o f so i l d i s tu rbance to p romo te reg rowth .

CLEARING THE AIR"I 'd say that c lear-cu tt ingand the d isturbancethat i t provides is widelymisunders tood bythe public," says Dr. Ek.Looks can be deceiving,so while people see aclear-cut and th ink theyare v iewing the de athof a forest , tha t ope nland, though not pretty,actual ly signifies are -b i r th fo r the t rees .That 's because treegrowth is essential lysunl ight driven. Therefore,as Korpela notes,a heavy harvest g ivesimpor tan t "p ioneer

species l ike Aspen andBirch the d i rect sunl ightthey need to be the i r movigorous and effect ive."Fu r the rmore , the d i rec tsunl ight on the soi l providthe necessary heat togerminate the new seedsthat have been droppedand bur ied dur ing theharvest. And the treesaren ' t the only benefactoof th is harvest ingtechnique. "The d isturbesi te has pretty r ichvegetat ion coming back,"says Dr. Ek. "And for anumber of an imal specieth is growth is an importafood source."

e e d u c a t e l a n d o w n e r se f i t s o f ha rve s t in g in

r m s o f m a i n t a i n i n g o rac t in g d iv e r se w i ld l i fe / '



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Scan th is code to learnmore about Susta inableForestry.


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The fact is tha t tree s are 100% renew ableand w he n we al low forests to se l f -seed,

wh ich is faster and prom otes the growthof indigen ous spe cies, we're sup plying

sufficient ne w tre es to be sustainable andachieving carbon sequestration.

HANSWEGNER* Working so closely with paper manufacturers,Han s Wegn er has gotten a firsthand accoun tof th e state of the forest in dustry , and, for th emo st par t , he l ikes wh at he sees. "Most ofthe forests are being man aged very well for thenext generation," Wegner says. "They'veimproved their m ills , their harvesting and theirreplantin g practices."

To pa raphrase M aha tma G andhi, HansWegner is the change he wishes to see in theworld. Working for the National GeographicSociety (NGS), an organization known for spot-l ighting resource deple tion and c limatechange, Wegner , who was then overseeing themagazine's printing production and quali tycontrol , volunteered to take par t in NGS's GoGreen Commit tee .

Soon, after helping to craft a vision s tatem entoutlining how NGS can "walk the sustainabilitytalk," Wegner was named Chief Susta inabil i tyOfficer. While maintaining a role in printprodu ction, Wegner was quick to focus on th eenvi ronm enta l impac t o f publ i sh ing oneof the world's most identif iable magazines.

He quickly realized, while most people seepaper as a threat to forests, this really isn'tthe case . "The pr inting and pub lishing businesshas c lear ly bee n targeted arou nd the issueof trees, bu t trees are not the most im port antpa rt of that," Weg ner says. "The fact is that

trees are 100% renewable and w hen we a llowforests to se lf -seed, which is faster andprom otes the g rowth of ind igenous spec ie s ,we 're supp lying suffic ient n ew trees to besustainable and achieving carbon sequestration."

And unde rs tanding the greenhouse gasimp act of pap er prod ucts is cr i t ica l . Anasse ssm ent of th e life cycle (LCA) of NationalGeographic comm issioned by Wegner foundthat carbon emissio ns for twelve copies of themagazin e equal just 21.84 lbs. "I get frustratedwith people who say 'magazines are the problem,'when an annual subscr iption to NationalGeographic is equal to us ing a gallon of gas inyour car."

And since he is a lways workin g to lessenthe enviro nm ental imp act of the magazine ,he does take some comfort in knowing that th ecarbon footprint of the magazine is some thinghe can quantify, unlik e the imp act of the onlineversion. That 's because , while the major i tyof the general public may think tha t e lec tronicis the be t te r mediu m for the envi ronment ,Wegner isn ' t so sure .

"We don ' t know the envi ronmenta l impac tof saving a docum ent on a server for ten yearsor m ore ," Wegner says. "And we have no ideaof the impact of extracting finite resourcesto make e lectronic devices that cannot easilybe recycled safe ly and practica lly." Weg nergoes on to say tha t with no one study ingthe carbon em issions and global climate changeconsequences of this technology, i t mightappear tha t we are in denia l about the im pactof the digital revolution on clim ate change.

Taking the Guilt Out of Paper 23

National Geograph ic 'spol icy to only procure

er from businessesJW environ-sound forestry3 has led th eion to do its partg landownersFication fo rasts. "This yea r

ed with SappiFine Paper and Versoer Corp. as well

as publishers Hearst andTime Inc. to underwrite1 he cost of certifying7 9 0 ,0 0 0 acres of Mainef o res t , " Wegner says.

"We think t hat is asigni f icant contributionto sustainability."


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'A single page has bo th elega nce and simp licity,"W egne r says. "And I l ike h ow p aper fe els in my han d.

"And once these technologies take hold, an dgreenhouse gases are re leased into theatm osp here/ ' he says, "we cannot pu t them backin the box."

Given his passio n for sustainability, it com esas no surpr ise that on e thing Wegner kno wsa lot about is recycled paper. "I 've spent 30 yearsstudying recycled fiber," Wegner says. "In t heeighties and nineties we used a lot of recycledpap er to help create a dem and for recoveredfiber." But now he says that it makes verylittle sense for NGS to use recycled paper in th emagaz ine cons ide r ing tha t count r ie s l ikeChina are creating a huge dema nd of recycledfiber to manufacture items like packagingand pape rboa rd .

"If we don' t supply these co untr ies with ourrecycled fiber they are going to buy fiber fromcountr ies in Southe ast Asia wh ere there arevery few control s in place to assu re su stainab leharvesting practices. Worse , where they willnot be replanted with trees, but wh ere the landwill likely be conv erted to ag ricultura l use,"Wegner says.

Fur th e rm ore , s ince h is LCA s tudy showedtha t ther e was no carbon gain for using 5%or 10% recycled paper versus usin g virgin paper,he concluded that the most susta inable optionfor NGS was to source his virgin paper fromsuppliers th at get their fiber from certified forestsin the United Sta tes.

Some of thes e changes have come directlyfrom people l ike Wegner holding suppliersaccountable to being susta inable in their operations, but others are the result of the forestrycompanies wanting to do just what NGS is doing

going green w hile saving green .And though h e is encouraged by wha t he sees

so far , that d oesn ' t mean this one-m an w atchgroup is s topping his crusade. "Going forwardthe re is going to be mo re dem and for fiber sowe have to continu e to be smar t about how weuse our forest res ources, " he says.

But as long as there is sustainable harvesting,rep lan t ing and manufac tur ing , Wegnersees paper co ntinu ing to hold a specia l placein society and with comp anies like his. "Papergot National G eographic where we are today,"Wegn er says. "We built ou r reputa tion on paper,especia lly on how great a glossy phot ogra phlooks on a prem ium sheet ."

And beyond his corporate connection,Wegner , l ike many of us, also has a personalre la t ionship with paper . "A single page hasbo th e legance and sim plic i ty," he says. "AndI like how pap er feels in my han d."

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY SUSTAINABILITY PROGRAM* RECYCLINGNGS has 17 differentreceptacles for recycl ingand composts a l l waste.* ALTERNATIVE FUELSNGS buys wind power tomake the i r four-bui ld ingcomp lex ca rbon neu t ra l .

* CARBON FOOTPRINTVideo conferencinghas cut back staff t ravelby 45%.* LEED STANDARDS In 2003 , NGS's headquar te rs was ce r t i f i edSilver; i t was awardedGold in 2009.

* GOOD FOOD Near ly 25% of the fo odin the cafete ria is organicor local.* MONARCHSSpecial plants are placedin National Geographic'scou r tya rd to fos te rthe dwindl ing Monarchbu t te r f l y popu la t i on .

* BANNING PLASTICSThe cafeter ia hasreplaced plastic flatwareand conta iners wi thones made of sugarcane pulp.* LOCAL TRAVEL NGS subsidizes masst rans i t and p romotesbik ing to work.

* ELECTRICITYTurn ing o f f com pu te rsat night saves theNational GeographicSociety $120,000 a year.

24 Sapp i eQ Jou rna l : Issue 00 4


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> POSITIVE MESSAGES +NOW YOU KNOW THETRUTH. MANAGED FORESTSARE GOOD FOR THEENVIRONMENT GOODFOR THE TREES ANDGOOD FOR THE ANIMALS.-^But knowledge is nothing without action. Just like those scholarswho defied convention to pronounce, "The world is not f lat,"i t is t ime for us to stand up for the truth: Demand for paperdoesn't destroy forests-i t can actually sustain them andthe animals that rely on them through the benefits of act ive,informed forest managem ent. Knowing the tru th do esn't sto pthe onslaught of messages tell ing you that using paper is bad,bu t i t does give you the o pp ortun ity to a dd your voice to thediscussion. By adding one vo ice at a time we can begin to changeperceptions so that people f inal ly understand what papercom pan ies like Sappi are doing to preserve and pro tec t o urtreasured forests.Spread the word use these stickers to help remove the guilt around using paper.There are even some blank ones for you to add your own message.

26 Sappi eQ J o u r n a l : Issue 004


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More truthsabout paper and forestmanagement.

Taking the Guilt Out of Paper 27

"Some people don't_ : .know the hear tSENIOR W OODPROCUREMENT m m ' ' ' m ** m**~ and th e soul th a tgoes in to forestm anagem ent, andcertification is a wayto convince thosepeople we're doing

the right th in g /


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> KNOW AND HELP SPREAD THE TRUTH -

The majority of America's forests are privately owned.These landowners keep thei r land forested because, for m any of th em , trees are a renewablesource of inco me. I f we s top us ing paper the econo mic advantage of fore sted land wi l ldisappear, forcin g these landow ners to m ake a l iv ing by sell ing off their holdings to developerswho wi l l replace t rees wi th hous ing developm ent and shop ping mal ls .WORLD BUSINESS

COUNC IL FORSUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENTWWW.WBCSD.ORG

"By providing a mark et for wood, the fores tprod ucts ind ustry also gives forest own ersan incentiv e to keep land in forest , as oppo sedto converting it to othe r uses tha t prov idefew or no carbon benefi ts / '

Many people ignore the factthat electronic devices carryan environmental burden.a The Elect ronic Products Env ironmentalAssessm ent Tool (EPEAT) uti l izes 51di f ferent cr i ter ia for evaluat ing computermon i to rs a lone. These criteria rangefro m the use of sens it ive mater ials suchas mercury and cad mium , to pa in tsor coat ings that may not be compat iblewi th recyc l ing, to ident i f icat ion ofcomponents conta in ing hazardousmater ials and more.Because the l i fe cyc le and env ironm entalimpact criteria of electronic devices areso di f ferent than those assoc iated wi thpaper, we do no t believe it is possible tomake broad usage comparisons. Ins teadwe encourage people to implement bestprac t i ces and use both media p la t fo rmsresponsibly. We all use paper. Andwe all use electronic devices. Just as weencourage resp ons ible use of paper,we wou ld suggest the same with electron iccommunica t ions . Don ' t send a t tachments unnecessari ly and cons ider yourdistribution l ist. Every ki lobyte of datat ransferred and s tored consumes energy.Consider upgrading a device instead ofreplac ing i t. And m ake sure that e-wasteis handled responsibly.Visit www.epeat .net to learn moreabout t he env i ronmenta l im pac tof elect ronic dev ices.

of paper w as recoveredfor recycling in 2009

COMPARE THAT TO

25.5% 20 .3% 7.1%of glass of alumin um of plast ic

a Without a doubt there is a synergis t icrelat ionship between computers andpaper. Paper gives reality and for m to tha twhich is created w i th al l those inanimate1s and Os. We'l l be the f irs t to a ckno wledge tha t sav ing a docu me nt on you rcomputer can be benef ic ial in termsof conven ience a nd sav ing space, bu tthere are peri ls associated with storingeverything, especially sensit ive documents,on your c ompu ter. For ins tance, the 2011Nor ton Cyberc r ime Repor t f ound tha tover a 12-mon th period, adul ts suf feredthree t imes more ins tances of cybe rcr imethan any other type of c r ime. Furthermore , t hose documents s i t t i ng on yourcom pute r are being housed in a serverf a r m , a warehouse fu l l o f comp utersrunning 24/7 that corporate anthropologis tJane Anne Mo rr is refers to as "a pig-in-a-blanket t ha t consumes e lec t r i c i t yin almost unimaginable quantit ies." Sonext t ime you are about to create a NewFolder, th ink about whether i t would bebet ter for you and the env ironment to hi tPrint and then Delete before you ShutDown your machine for the rest of the night.

Biodiversity is a key componentto carbon sequestering.a Mature forests , because they have m obiomass, s tore more carbon than youngforests . But because young t rees usecarbon to grow, they capture more carb owhich they conver t i n to the i r t runk ,leaves and branches. "I t 's the young treeand forests that are most ef f ic ient intak ing up carbon," wri tes John A. HelmPhD, professor emeri tus of forest ryat the University of California, Berkeley.He adds, "Young t rees ' uptake of ca rbondiox ide great ly exceeds the loss dueto resp i ra t ion . " Fur thermore, p rodu c tsmade f rom wood cont inue to ho ldon to the i r carbon unt i l t ha t p rodu c tdecomp oses or i s inc inera ted, mean inthe bookshelves and books in yourl i b rary are s tor ing carbon and there fo rnot re leas ing i t i n to the a tmosphe re .

20.5 onthsA recent study by J.D. Power andAssoc iates shows tha t the averagecustomer keeps thei r mobi le phonefor around 20.5 months.3 -5A typical com pute r shou ld give you 3to 5 years of good use before you needto look for a replacement or up grades,according to CNET.com.

years

63.4%
http://www.wbcsd.org/http://www.epeat.net/http://cnet.com/http://cnet.com/http://www.epeat.net/http://www.wbcsd.org/


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eQ Journal Issue 4

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