Epithelium - Zanjan University of Medical...
Transcript of Epithelium - Zanjan University of Medical...
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Epithelium
Presented by: Dr M. ArianmaneshPhD in Reproductive and Developmental Biology
Dept. of Anatomical Sciences
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Today we will discuss:
• Classification of Epithelium
• Special Characteristics of Epithelial Surfaces
• Glandular Epithelium
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Tissue
• Definition: Collection of specialized cells & thesubstances between them
• Classification:
• Epithelial
• Connective
• Muscle
• Nervous
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Epithelial Tissue
• Surface Epithelium:
• Covers body surfaces:• Skin
• Lines hollow organs:• Digestive system
• Respiratory system
• Urogenital system
• Body cavities
• Glandular Epithelium:
• Formation of glands
Apical Surface
Lateral Surface
Basal Surface
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Classification of Epithelium
• Based on shape of cells:
• Squamous
• Cuboidal
• Columnar
• Based on number of layers of cells:
• Simple
• Stratified
Basal/Germinal
layer
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Based on number of layers of cells + shape of cells
Simple Stratified
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Pseudostratified
Transitional
Keratinized
Non Keratinized
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Simple Squamous Epithelium
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EndotheliumMesothelium
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Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
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Simple Columnar Epithelium
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Stratified Squamous Epithelium
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Keratinized Stratified SquamousEpithelium
Non keratinized/Mucosal Stratified Squamous Epithelium
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Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Ciliated
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Transitional Epithelium/Urothelium
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• Apical Surface (Luminal/Free Surface)
• Microvilli:
• 0.5-1 µm in length
• Two observation:
• Brush/Striated/Regular border: Small intestine & Proximalconvoluted tubules of kidney
• Irregular: Endometrium
• Actin filaments, Villin, Fimbrin
• Terminal Web: Actin filaments,
Myosin II & Tropomyosin
• Motile
Special Characteristics of Epithelial Surfaces
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Microvilli
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Special Characteristics of Epithelial Surfaces
• Cilia:
• 5-10 µm in length
• Axoneme:
• Nexin
• Outer & inner dynein
• Radial spoke
• Motile
Continued…
Immotile Cilia Syndrome
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Cilia
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Special Characteristics of Epithelial Surfaces
• Stereocilia:
• Structure is the same as microvilli
• Nonmotile, 100 µm in length
• Epididym & hair cells of the inner ear
Continued…
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• Lateral Surface
• Intercellular junctions:• Tight junction/Zonula occludens:
• Located in apical of lateral surface
• Claudin transmembrane protein
Special Characteristics of Epithelial Surfaces
Continued…
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Special Characteristics of Epithelial Surfaces
• Zonula adherens/Adherent:
• Intercellular space: 15-20 nm
• Proteins:
• Cadherins (E cadherin)
• Actin filaments inside the cells
Continued…
Fascia Adherence incardiac cells
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Special Characteristics of Epithelial Surfaces
• Macula adherens/Desmosome:
• Intercellular space: 20-30 nm
• Subplasmalemmal dense plaque:
• Proteins:
• Dense plaque: Desmoplakin,Pakoglobin
• Intercellular space: Desmoglein,Desmocollin
• Hemidesmosome:
• Connection of basal surface of the cellto the basal lamina
Continued…
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Desmosome
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Hemidesmosome
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Special Characteristics of Epithelial Surfaces
• Gap/Nexus:
• Intercellular space: 2-3 nm
• Connexon
• Hexagonal unit: 6 integral proteins
• Central pore:
• 1.5 nm
• Passing ions, cAMP, amino acids
• Abundant in epithelium, smooth & cardiacmuscles, bone cells and embryonic cells
Continued…
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Gap junction
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• Basal Surface:• Basal Lamina: (EM)
• Contains: Type IV Collagen, Nidogen/Entactin,Proteoglycans, Integrin & Laminin
• 2 layers:• Lamina Lucida/Rara: 40-50 nm• Lamina Densa: 40-50 nm
• Basement membrane: (LM)
• Lamina Lucida• Lamina Densa• Lamina reticularis:
• Anchoring Fibrils
(Type VII Collagen)
Special Characteristics of Epithelial Surfaces
Continued…
External lamina
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Basement Membrane
Basal Lamina ReticularLaminaLamina
Lucida(Rara)
Lamina Densa
Anchoring fibrils (type VII collagen)
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• Development of glands:
• Exocrine glands
• Endocrine glands
Glandular Epithelium
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• Classification of exocrine glands:
Based on the number of cells:
• Unicellular:
• Goblet cells
• APUD cells (amine precursor uptake & decarboxylation)
• Multicellular:
• Alveolar/Acinar
• Tubular
Glandular Epithelium
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Based on mode of secretion:
• Merocrine
• Apocrine
• Holocrine
Based on secretory materials:
• Mucous glands:• Tubular
• Mucigen granules
• Serous glands:• Alveolar
• Zymogen granules
Glandular EpitheliumContinued…
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